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• Glioblastoma epigenome profiling identifies SOX10 as a master regulator of molecular tumour subtype

  Glioblastoma in adult patients are classified into four subtypes, IDH, MES, RTK I, and RTK II, based on DNA methylation and RNA expression data. Tumour subtype transitions commonly occur during the treatment of glioblastoma patients, and transitions to the mesenchymal (MES) subtype have been associated with therapy resistance and adverse prognosis. Here, we generate DNA methylome and histone modification data of glioblastoma primary tumours and show that glioblastoma subtypes differ by their enhancer landscapes. Using Core Regulatory Circuitry analysis of H3K27ac data, and independent analysis of RNA-derived gene regulatory networks, we identified 38 subtype master regulators whose cell type-specific activities we mapped in single-cell RNA sequencing data. These analyses identified the chromatin modifier SRY-Box 10 (SOX10) as a master regulator in tumours of the RTK I subtype. In functional studies we demonstrate that SOX10 loss causes a transition of RTK I tumour cells to a mesenchymal cellular state by altering the accessibility of enhancer-rich chromatin regions and their occupancy by Bromodomain Containing 4 (BRD4), a dynamic constituent of super-enhancers. Treatment with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 blocked this transition. These data demonstrate the fundamental role of enhancer chromatin remodelling and master regulator activity in the establishment, maintenance and plasticity of glioblastoma cellular states. We also make our data publically browsable at https://dkfz-b060.github.io/gb_browse/

  Study EGAS00001003953

• SG Peranakan Project: Genetic admixture in the culturally unique Peranakan Chinese population in Southeast Asia

  The Peranakan Chinese are culturally unique descendants of immigrants from China who settled in the Malay Archipelago ~300-500 years ago. Today, among large communities in Southeast Asia, the Peranakans have preserved Chinese traditions with strong influence from the local indigenous Malays. Yet, whether or to what extent genetic admixture co-occurred with the cultural mixture has been a topic of ongoing debate. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 177 Singapore (SG) Peranakans and analyzed the data jointly with WGS data of Asian and European populations. We estimated that Peranakan Chinese inherited ~5.62% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.75-6.46%) Malay ancestry, much higher than that in SG Chinese (1.08%, 0.69-1.53%), southern Chinese (0.86%, 0.57-1.31%), and northern Chinese (0.25%, 0.18-0.33%). A sex-biased admixture history, in which the Malay ancestry was contributed primarily by females, was supported by X chromosomal variants, and mitochondrial (MT) and Y haplogroups. Finally, we identified an ancient admixture event shared by Peranakan Chinese and SG Chinese ~1,612 (95% CI: 1,345-1,923) years ago, coinciding with the settlement history of Han Chinese in southern China, apart from the recent admixture event with Malays unique to Peranakan Chinese ~190 (159-213) years ago. These findings greatly advance our understanding of the dispersal history of Chinese and their interaction with indigenous populations in Southeast Asia.

  Study EGAS00001005379

• ATAC-Seq of CD4 T cell subsets

  Blood samples were taken from 4 age-matched healthy volunteers (two males and two females), and naïve CD4 T cells were isolated using the naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation Kit II, human (Miltenyi Biotec). Two hundred thousand cells were plated in a 96-well plate, activated with Dynabeads Human T-activator CD3/CD28 (bead-to-cell ratio of 1:1, as recommended by the manufacturer) (ThermoFisher Scientific) and polarized towards CD4 T cell subtypes (Teff, Th1, Th2, rTh17, pTh17, and Treg cells) with specific cocktails of recombinant cytokines and neutralizing antibodies (see details in the material and methods) for each subset. At day 4 post-stimulation, forty thousand cells were used to perform ATAC-Seq on CD4 T cell subtypes. Again, crude nuclei of live CD4+ T cell subsets were treated with Tagment DNA buffer and Tagment DNA Enzyme (Nextera DNA Library Prep Kit, Illumina), and then the DNA was purified by MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Transposed DNA fragments were amplified using specific adapters followed by purification with MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Fragments from 240-360pb were selected in the PippinHT system (Sage Science). The quality of the library and its DNA concentration were assessed by Bioanalyzer instruments (Agilent Technologies) and ultimately submitted for sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer, V4 chemistry.

  Study EGAS00001007345

• Towards standardized whole exome sequencing (WES) for cancer patients: lessons from a multicentric pilot study

  A growing number of druggable targets and national initiatives for precision oncology necessitate broader genomic profiling for many cancer patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) offers unbiased analysis of the entire coding sequence, segmentation-based detection of copy number alterations (CNAs), and accurate determination of complex biomarkers including tumor mutational burden (TMB), homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD), and microsatellite instability (MSI). To assess the inter-institution variability of clinical WES, we performed a comparative pilot study between German Centers of Personalized Medicine (ZPMs) from five participating institutions. Tumor and matched normal DNA from 30 patients were analyzed using custom sequencing protocols and bioinformatic pipelines. Calling of somatic variants was highly concordant with a sensitivity between 91-95% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 82-95% compared with a three-institution consensus and full agreement for 16 of 17 druggable targets. Deviations were observed for cases with low VAF or coverage, differing annotations, and different filter protocols. CNAs showed overall agreement in 76% for the genomic sequence with high wet-lab variability. Complex biomarkers correlated strongly between institutions (HRD: 0.79-1, TMB: 0.97-0.99) and all institutions agreed on microsatellite instability. This study will contribute to the development of quality control frameworks for comprehensive genomic profiling and sheds light onto parameters that require stringent standardization.

  Study EGAS00001007363

• Prognostic relevance of microenvironmental factors CD163 and CD8 combined with EZH2 and chromosome 18 gain in a validation cohort of follicular lymphoma patients of the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium

  Background: In follicular lymphoma (FL), studies addressing the prognostic value of microenvironment-related immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and tumor cell-related genetic markers have yielded conflicting results, precluding implementation in practice. Therefore, the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium (LLBC) performed a validation study for published markers. Methods: To maximize sensitivity, an end-of-spectrum design was applied for 122 uniformly immunochemotherapy-treated FL patients retrieved from international trials and registries; early failure (EF): progression or lymphoma-related death <2 years versus long remission: response duration of >5 years. IHC staining for T-cells and macrophages was performed on tissue microarrays from initial biopsy and scored with a validated computer-assisted protocol. Shallow whole-genome and deep targeted sequencing was performed on the same samples. Results: 96/122 cases with complete molecular and immunohistochemical data were included in the analysis. EZH2 wild-type (p=0.006), gain of chromosome 18 (p=0.002), low percentages of CD8+ cells (p=0.011) and CD163+ areas (p=0.038) were associated with EF. No significant differences in other markers were observed, thereby refuting previous claims on their prognostic significance. Conclusion: Using an optimized study design, this LLBC study validates wild-type EZH2 status, gain of chromosome 18, low percentages of CD8+ cells and CD163+ area as predictors of EF to immunochemotherapy in FL.

  Study EGAS00001002049

• ICGC Benchmarking Exercise

  The main objective of this benchmark is the comparison of the full sequencing pipeline of different ICGC partners, including procedures, methods and performance of library preparation and whole-genome deep-sequencing. A secondary objective will be a follow-up comparison of data analysis pipelines for identification of germline and somatic variants subsequent to the results of the ICGC Somatic Variant Calling Pipeline Benchmark.

  Dataset EGAD00001000625

• Colorectal cancer GWAS on the Spanish population

  Data on Affymetrix 6.0 arrays for Genome-Wide Association Study of colorectal cancer in the Spanish population. Additionally, geographical origin for each sample is provided, which constitutes the largest to-date Spanish genomic sample population

  Dataset EGAD00010001715

• DNA methylation-based classification of sinonasal tumors [Proteomics data]

  This dataset includes raw label-free mass spectrometry proteomics data of different sinonasal tumor entities as well as normal sinonasal tissue. 72 samples were processed on a Q Exactive HF-X instrument coupled to an easy nanoLC 1200 system using one microgram of peptides and an 110 minutes gradient.

  Dataset EGAD00010002381

• RCC_HTA2.0_Buettner2022

  GeneChip HTA 2.0 data of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) related to Buettner et al, Genome Med 2022. Microarrays were normalized individually using the SCAN method from the R package SCAN.UPC (version 2.26.0, R version 3.6.1). Probe sets were summarized on the Entrez GeneID level using the annotation provided by BrainArray (version 23).

  Dataset EGAD00010002353

• PDX_HTA2.0_Guergen2022

  GeneChip HTA 2.0 data of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and RCC metastases related to Guergen et al, Front Oncol 12:2022 889789. Microarrays were normalized individually using the SCAN method from the R package SCAN.UPC (version 2.34.0). Probe sets were summarized on the Entrez GeneID level using the annotation provided by BrainArray (version 25).

  Dataset EGAD00010002392

• Heterogeneity and evolution of DNA mutation rates in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer

  A mutation accumulation experiment in colorectal cancer (CRC) derived tumoroids. A sequential single-cell cloning approach was adopted to measure the mutation rate in eight tumoroids obtained from five patients. WGS was also performed on their matched normal tissue and on standard tumoroids cultures without any cloning step.

  Dataset EGAD50000000411

• Investigating differential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma and follicular lymphoma using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing

  In this study, we analyzed 28 primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma samples from 20 patients and compared the copy number profiles to a cohort of diagnostic samples of 64 nodal follicular lymphoma patients using low-coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS).

  Dataset EGAD50000000199

• BipEx-Landen: Bipolar Exome Sequencing

  This research project was a collaboration between the Karolinska Institute and the Stanley Center at the Broad Institute. In this project we sequenced and analyzed the whole exomes of 5,876 Bipolar case/control samples from collaborators in Sweden. Genomic DNA from each samples was sequenced to a mean depth of 20x.

  Dataset EGAD50000000307

• Hi-C in breast healthy, primary cancer and metastatic tissues

  Hi-C libraries have been prepared by enzymatic digestion with MboI restriction enzyme and sonication (Covaris). Illumina single-indexig primers have been use to amplify ligated fragments. Hi-C experiments have been performed on 10 slices (50um thick) of fresh-frozen tissues or 10x10e6 Pleural Effusion cells. Raw paired-end fastq.gz files are provided.

  Dataset EGAD50000000643

• Expression quantitative trait loci influence DNA damage-induced apoptosis in cancer

  Dataset with eQTL and e2QTL metadata. The analyses were performed using CD8+ T cells from 461 healthy European participants stimulated with high doses of 5 different carcinogens to induce early apoptosis. These include Methyl-methanesulfonate (MMS), tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBOOH), benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (HC) and UVC radiation.

  Dataset EGAD50000000941

• WES of der(1;7)(q10;p10)

  This dataset contains the BAM files of WES of 26 myeloid neoplasm patients with der(1;7)(q10;p10)(+) cases. The dataset was used to identify key driver genes in patients with der(1;7)(q10;p10). Already known drivers along with novel driver genes were identified through the use of this WES.

  Dataset EGAD50000000986

• Single-cell RNA-sequencing on malignant and benign tissue samples

  Single-cell RNA-sequencing on malignant and benign tissue samples from untreated donors with colorectal adenocarcinoma and liver metastasis was performed in order to deduce tissue adaptive expression patterns of the disease. Matching tissue from five donors with untreated CRC and liver metastasis were sampled.

  Dataset EGAD50000001203

• DAC of "Gene expression adaptation of metastases to their host tissue"

  The DAC consists of Prof. Axel Hillmer, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany, e-mail: ahillmer@uni-koeln.de and Prof. Andreas Beyer, University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany, e-mail: andreas.beyer@uni-koeln.de

  Dac EGAC50000000514

• Single-Cell Profiling of the Human Endometrium in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Uncovering Disease Signatures and Treatment Responses

  Single-nuclei map of human endometrial biopsies from women with and without PCOS to identify cell-type-specific disease signatures, compositional variations, and transcriptomic reversibility after a 16-week intervention with metformin or lifestyle. Single nuclei were extracted from 27 frozen endometrial biopsies for snRNA-seq using the 10X Genomics protocol.

  Dac EGAC50000000468

• HIV-phyloTSI: PANGEA (PCR amplicon)

  This dataset includes sample numbers TSI_0426 to TSI_0527 for the PANGEA (PCR amplicon) cohort of the study. Samples were generated by pooling four overlapping PCR amplicons (see Gall et al 2012, DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01516-12). The sequencing was conducted using the Illumina NovaSeq system. Each sample has a BAM file, and its associated reference file.

  Dataset EGAD50000001308

• Spatial and temporal transcriptome analysis on human skeletal muscle regeneration

  Skeletal muscle carries a unique ability for adaptation as well as regeneration that highly depends on a supportive cellular microenvironment. Here we show that spatial and single-cell transcriptomic analysis in human skeletal muscle is a unique approach to illuminate cellular interactions in the microenvironment.

  Dataset EGAD50000000263

• Aligned Low pass whole genbome sequencing of cell free and tumour DNA from 5 patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer. Samples have been aligned to hg19 and bam files uploaded

  This is the aligned bam files of 5 patients, with sequential sampltes from patients comprising cfDNA and FFPE extracted tumour DNA

  Dataset EGAD50000001632

• Whone genome DNA methylation profile

  Primary human CD4+ naive T cells were cultured in vitro and sorted based on the defined number of division steps which they have undergone. Of those populations (division 0/div4/div6) EMseq data were generated to assess the whole-genome DNA methylation profile. 2 independent experiments with 2 different donors were conducted

  Dataset EGAD50000001815

• GeoMx digital spatial profiling of NGS mRNA expression in pre-treatment biopsies from patients.

  This DAC is created to define the data controller (the person that determines the purposes for which and the means by which personal data is processed) for the following study: GeoMx digital spatial profiling of NGS mRNA expression in pre-treatment biopsies from patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer treated with PARP inhibitors.

  Dac EGAC50000000774

• Dynamic human admixture histories over the past ~1,300 years at the northern Himalayan frontier

  Whole-genome sequencing data from ten present-day individuals from Himachal Pradesh, India. DNA from these ten present-day individuals was converted to double-stranded libraries and sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 in 150 bp paired-end mode. The dataset consists of raw fastq and bam (hg19) files.

  Dataset EGAD50000001925