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• Non_Hodgkin_lymphoma_project___mutational_burden_of_chemotherapy_in_normal_blood

  his study aims to further investigate the mutational burden induced by chemotherapy in the normal stem and progenitor cell of individuals treated for Non -hodgkins lymphoma. Single cell derived progenitor colonies have been grown and DNA extracted. 5-10 colonies from a number of individuals exposed to chemotherapeutic regimens for lymphoma will undergo whole genome sequencing to address the question of the extent of mutational impact of these different regimens.

  Study EGAS00001006733

• cfDNA methylation profiling on longitudinally collected blood plasma of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma

  Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive cancer characterized by a high risk of relapse post-surgery. Analyzing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood plasma emerges as a promising avenue for therapy response monitoring. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effective and genome-wide cell-free reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (cfRRBS) method combined with computational deconvolution for effective disease monitoring in EAC patients.

  Study EGAS50000000514

• Benchmarking V(D)J Repertoire Reconstruction: Bulk RNA-Seq vs PCR-Based RepSeq Validated by SMRT Sequencing

  The aim of this study is to benchmark methods for immunoglobulin repertoire profiling using human B-cell samples. We compare targeted VDJ mRNA sequencing and repertoire reconstruction from bulk RNA-seq data to PCR-independent full-length transcript sequencing using Single-Molecule Real-Time technology. The objective is to assess methodological biases and establish a robust reference framework for immunoglobulin repertoire analysis.

  Study EGAS50000001541

• cfMeDIP-seq for 18 patients with pleural mesothelioma

  The dataset contains cfMeDIP-sequencing data (bam files) for 18 plasma samples from pleural mesothelioma patients. The libraries were prepared according to the published protocol (Shen, S. Y., Burgener, J. M., Bratman, S. V. & De Carvalho, D. D. Preparation of cfMeDIP- seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA. Nat. Protoc. 14, 2749–2780 (2019)). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for pre-made libraries on NovaSeq X Plus with a 150 paired-end strategy. Low-quality reads and adapters were removed with Trim Galore version 0.6.6 (https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/trim_galore). The trimmed reads were aligned to hg38 with Bowtie2 version 2.3.4.3. SAMTools version 1.9 was used to convert the SAM alignment files to BAM files, sort and index reads, and remove duplicates.

  Dataset EGAD50000002126

• High-depth whole genome sequencing of paired ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) and germline control samples from 51 individuals.

  Deposited here are whole-genome sequencing data for 51 paired breast cancer DCIS and matched-normal samples taken from the same individual. Average sequence depth is 110x for DCIS samples and 39x for matched-normals. Matched-normals are from blood (n=14) or adjacent normal breast (n=37). Sequencing was performed on Illumina HIseqX (n=70) or Illumina Novoseq (n=32). They are a part of a broader project that uses high-depth WGS to investigate the somatic mutation genomic landscape of DCIS in order to uncover biological insights into breast cancer progression as well as possible methods to stratify DCIS patients for individualised therapy or disease monitoring.

  Dataset EGAD50000002071

• Integrated Molecular Profilting in Advanced Cancers Trial

  The present protocol seeks to provide molecular profiling data to the treating physician for patients with advanced breast, non-small cell lung, colorectal, genitourinary, pancreatobiliary gastrointestinal, upper aerodigestive tract, gynecological, melanoma, unknown primary, and rare carcinomas, as well as patients who are phase I trial candidates, in order to help identify which standard regimens or clinical trials of molecularly targeted therapies may be most appropriate for the individual patient.

  Study EGAS00001001897

• IBD_Whole_Genome_Sequencing

  We will sequence at 15X coverage the genomes of 1536 IBD patients. These samples are currently onsite at Sanger and made available for sequencing via our collaboration with the UK IBD Genetics consortium. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002238

• Longitudinal therapy monitoring of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (copy number, cell-free DNA)

  Clinical courses of non-small cell lung cancer patients with ALK rearrangements (ALK+ NSCLC) vary widely. We analyzed 271 longitudinal plasma samples from 73 patients with advanced ALK+ NSCLC treated with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors by combined hybrid-capture-based targeted sequencing (average 4,100x coverage) for mutation analysis and shallow whole genome sequencing (0.5x coverage) for global copy number profiling from cfDNA.

  Study EGAS00001004276

• Genomewide detection of cytosine methylation by single molecule real-time sequencing

  5-methylcytosine (5mC) is an important type of epigenetic modification. In this study, we enhanced 5mC detection using SMRT sequencing by holistically analyzing kinetic signals of a DNA polymerase and sequence context for every base within a measurement window. We employed a convolutional neural network to train a methylation classification model. This methodology has provided a system for simultaneous genome-wide genetic and epigenetic analyses. 

  Study EGAS00001004642

• Epigenetic analyses of methylation and nucleosome occupancy in cell-free DNA (cfNOMe)

  Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become essential in cancer diagnostics and prenatal testing. We investigate enzymatic cytosine conversion for epigenetic analyses of cfDNA and find that it reliably measures cytosine methylation and nucleosome occupancy. Whereas previously, separate experiments had to be performed to study either epigenetic marking, this approach delivers reliable results for both, enabling more comprehensive and inexpensive epigenetic profiling of cfDNA.

  Study EGAS00001004370

• Gene regulation of human stimulated and cultured CD4+ Treg cells

  This dataset maps gene expression regulation in human primary regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) stimulated using PMA and ionomycin or cultured without stimulus for 18 hours. It includes whole genome sequence data for ChM-seq (18 H3K4me3, 20 H3K27ac and 3 inputs), ATAC-seq (42 samples) and whole transcriptome (39 samples). All individuals were genotyped using coreExome Illumina SNP chip array (included in EGAS00001003516).

  Study EGAS00001003515

• Exome and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Central African Hunter-Gatherers and Agriculturalists

  To investigate how human populations have adapted to the equatorial rainforest, we generated 266 high-coverage exomes, analyzed in combination with 300 published exomes, from 14 populations of African rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers, together with 40 newly-generated, low-coverage genomes. Genome scans for positive selection and signatures of polygenic selection provide evidence for local adaptation of hunter-gatherers to the African rainforest.

  Study EGAS00001003722

• The Causes of Clonal Blood Cell Disorders Study - SCOR_Custom (2018-04-19)

  We took a bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood samples from a healthy patient aged around 60, and use flow cytometry to isolate 100 HSCs, 50 MEPs, and 50 GMPs. We grew these up into colonies, then whole genome sequenced each colony. Somatic mutations act as a unique barcode for each clone. We have designed a panel for targeted resequencing of the mutations that we find. We are now looking for these mutations in the peripheral blood, to see the dynamics of how HSCs contribute to the peripheral blood in health. This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2018-04-19.

  Dataset EGAD00001004087

• Genomic alterations in MM - BAM

  Tumor DNA was extracted from 100 bone marrow aspirate samples where CD138+ selection had been performed to enrich plasma cells from patients with multiple myeloma. Patient matched control DNA from either peripheral blood leukocytes or CD34+ stem cell harvests was also isolated. Both tumor and control DNA underwent library preparation using the Hyperplus kit (KAPA Biosystems) and were hybridized to baits for a targeted SeqCap myeloma panel (Nimblegen) encompassing 129 genes, regions for SNPs for copy number determination, and the IGH, IGK, IGL loci, as well as approximately 5 Mb surrounding the MYC locus. Samples were sequenced on a HiSeq2500 using 100 bp paired end reads. Resulting BAM files were returned along with annotations for somatic events including single nucleotide mutations, indels and structural rearrangements.

  Dataset EGAD00001004117

• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN)

  The NINDS Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN) is a large international collaboration designed to detect genetic variants that predispose to subtypes of ischemic stroke. The study implements a genome wide association study (GWAS) methodology with all stroke cases undergoing phenotypic and stroke-subtype classification using the same web-based Causative Classification of Stroke (CCS) system, with data entered by trained and certified adjudicators at participating Research Centers (GRC's). SiGN includes ischemic stroke cases from 24 GRC's, 13 from the US and 11 from Europe. Each GRC has access to well-characterized ischemic stroke cases in which extensive phenotype data and high-quality DNA was available. Genome-wide data was available for many cases and for those without, new genome-wide genotyping, including exome chip genotyping of rare variants, was done through the Center for Inherited Diseases Research (CIDR). To maximize power for subtype analyses, genotyping resources were allocated almost exclusively to cases. With few exceptions, controls were drawn from studies with publicly available genome-wide data.

  Study phs000615

• Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) 1000 Exomes Study

  Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common pediatric spinal deformity. Although the Bracing in AIS Trial (BrAIST) recently demonstrated the effectiveness of bracing for preventing scoliosis progression in some patients, more than 20,000 children undergo major spinal fusion surgery at an annual cost of $3 billion. Spinal fusion surgery is a major operation with considerable risks and complications. Accurate methods of predicting curve progression are needed to develop personalized prevention strategies for those at high risk and to eliminate screening and treatment of those at low risk of progression. Previously identified risk factors for scoliosis curve progression include sex, age of onset, curve type, and presence of an underlying disorder. However, currently available algorithms for predicting AIS curve progression are inaccurate, possibly because the role of genetic factors has been largely unexplored. Because there is little a priori knowledge of the genetic variants involved in AIS pathology, an unbiased genome-wide approach is likely to provide the best opportunity to comprehensively identify disease-associated genes. This is a multicenter exome sequencing study of extreme cases with severe scoliosis.

  Study phs001677

• NHLBI GO-ESP: Family Studies (Dilated Cardiomyopathy)

  The NHLBI "Grand Opportunity" Exome Sequencing Project (GO-ESP), a signature project of the NHLBI Recovery Act investment, was designed to identify genetic variants in coding regions (exons) of the human genome (the "exome") that are associated with heart, lung and blood diseases. These and related diseases that are of high impact to public health and individuals from diverse racial and ethnic groups will be studied. These data may help researchers understand the causes of disease, contributing to better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases, as well as determine whether to tailor prevention and treatments to specific populations. This could lead to more effective treatments and reduce the likelihood of side effects. GO-ESP is comprised of five collaborative components: 3 cohort consortia - HeartGO, LungGO, and WHISP - and 2 sequencing centers - BroadGO and SeattleGO. The goals for this project are to conduct exome sequencing for novel dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) gene discovery in families with DCM. These families have already been sequenced for 15 DCM genes, accounting for approximately 75% of known genetic cause, without rare coding variants identified.

  Study phs000581

• Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia - nonGAIN Sample (MGS_nonGAIN)

  This study is part of the Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia (MGS) genome wide association study (GWAS) of 3,972 cases (2,686 EA and 1,286 AA) and 3,629 controls (2,656 EA and 973 AA) (analyzed sample remaining after quality control exclusions), comprised of European ancestry (EA) and African American (AA) samples. We genotyped about half of the EA sample and almost all of the AA sample under the auspices of the Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) with the Affymetrix 6.0 platform at the Broad Institute. The remainder of the included sample was also genotyped with the Affymetrix 6.0 platform at the Broad Institute, and we refer to this component as the nonGAIN sample. Cases met criteria for schizophrenia (SCZ) or schizoaffective disorder (SA) per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version IV (DSM-IV) for all three collections (SGI, MGS1, and MGS2) comprising these cases. However, for the older SGI collection, codes for the secondary diagnoses refer to the older DSM-III-R version. Controls were screened briefly and excluded if they endorsed a history of these illnesses.

  Study phs000167

• A Pharmcogenetic Study of Bipolar Disorder in a Taiwanese Han Chinese Population (TWBP)

  Objective: To identify genetic variants associated with response to lithium prophylaxis treatment. Materials: 294 bipolar I (BPI) patients receiving lithium treatment, a subset of 1761 bipolar I (BPI) patients recruited by the Taiwan Bipolar Consortium. Lithium response was assessed based on the Alda Scale. Methods: Responders to lithium treatment were defined if the patients' Alda Scale > 4, 5, 6, and 7. Genome-wide association (GWA) analysis was carried out on the 294 BPI patients for the 4 definitions of responders. The SNPs showing strongest association in the GWAS were then tested for association in a replication sample of 100 patients and further tested in a prospective follow-up series of 24 patients. Results: Two SNPs on GADL1 showed the strongest associations in the four GWA analyses and in the replication set of 100 patients. These two SNPs had a sensitivity of 0.93 for predicting lithium response and differentiated between the good and poor responders in the follow-up cohort. Summary: These genetic variants are associated with response to lithium prophylaxis treatment for BPI.

  Study phs000692

• Circulating, Cell-Free DNA Methylation Patterns Indicate Cellular Sources of Allograft Injury after Liver Transplant

  Post-transplant complications reduce allograft and recipient survival. Current approaches for detecting allograft injury non-invasively are limited and do not differentiate between cellular mechanisms. Here, we monitor cellular damages after liver transplants from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments released from dying cells into the circulation. We analyzed longitudinal blood samples collected from patients at different time points after transplant. Sequence-based methylation of cfDNA fragments were mapped to an atlas of cell-type-specific DNA methylation patterns derived from 476 methylomes of purified cells. For liver cell types, DNA methylation patterns and multi-omic data integration show distinct enrichment in open chromatin and regulatory regions functionally important for the respective cell types. We find that multi-tissue cellular damage post-transplant recovers in patients without allograft injury during the first post-operative week. However, sustained elevation of hepatocyte and biliary epithelial cfDNA within the first month indicates early-onset allograft injury. Further, cfDNA composition differentiates amongst causes of allograft injury indicating the potential for non-invasive monitoring and timely intervention.

  Study phs003610

• Host factors dictate gut microbiome alterations in chronic kidney disease more strongly than to kidney function

  Despite recent progress, microbial markers in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) remain inconclusive. We combined quantitative faecal metagenomics (N=130 CKD cohort) and cross-study biomarker comparisons (Ntotal=4420) to study microbiome associations with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; kidney function) and 4-year CKD progression. Transit time (TT) and medications primarily explained microbiome variation, trumping eGFR-related effects. Metagenome analysis showed increased p-cresol and indole synthesis potential and decreased plant-to-animal CAZyme ratios with lower eGFR, coupled to a Bact1 to Rum enterotype shift, suggesting saccharolytic-to-proteolytic microbiome transitions linked to dietary guidelines and slowed-down TT. Peritoneal dialysis patients showed increased (dysbiotic) Bact2 prevalence and linked intestinal inflammation. Only Escherichia coli, an unnamed Alistipes species and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were confounder-independent markers for eGFR, but these nor previous markers convincingly replicated across 11 studies. No predictors for CKD progression were found. Together, poor evidence for microbiome biomarkers but substantial eGFR-independent effects were found, suggesting potential for nutritional and TT interventions in CKD.

  Study EGAS50000000646

• Whole genome sequencing data of pediatric B-other subtype acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  For a long time, approximately 70% of childhood B-ALL cases could be classified routinely, and the remaining 30% were classified into the “B-other” group lacking the known genetic features. However, more recently, new genomic tools have uncovered new subtypes among the B-other groups. Approximately 10% of B-ALL cases lack the recurrent genetic abnormalities, and are referred as "B-other". They are typically more heterogeneous than other subtypes of B-ALL, and their prognoses are more variable. In a more recent update of the B-ALL classification, 27 subtypes were identified (Arber et al., 2022). The identification of some of these subtypes is dependent on NGS methods, such as RNA sequencing, which are not routinely used in all clinical laboratories. For example, ETV6::RUNX1-like and DUX4-rearranged subtypes have been identified using RNA sequencing. For this study, subtype predictions for some of the cases is acquired from ALLIUM (Krali et al., NPJ Precis Oncol., 2023) and ALLCatchR (Beder et al., Blood, 2022) based on the RNA-seq profiles.

  Study EGAS50000001497

• Genotype and exome data for an Australian Aboriginal population: a reference panel for health-based research

  Genetic analyses, including genome-wide association studies and whole exome sequencing (WES), provide powerful tools for the analysis of complex and rare genetic diseases. To date there are no reference data for Aboriginal Australians to underpin the translation of health-based genomic research. Here we provide a catalog of variants called after sequencing the exomes of 72 Aboriginal individuals to a depth of 20X coverage in 80% of the sequenced nucleotides. We determined 320,976 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 47,313 insertions/deletions using the Genome Analysis Toolkit. We had previously genotyped a subset of the Aboriginal individuals (70/72) using the Illumina Omni2.5 BeadChip platform and found 99% concordance at overlapping sites, which suggests high quality genotyping. Finally, we compared our SNVs to six publicly available variant databases, such as dbSNP and the Exome Sequencing Project, and 70,115 of our SNVs did not overlap any of the single nucleotide polymorphic sites in all the databases. Our data set provides a useful reference point for genomic studies on Aboriginal Australians.

  Study EGAS00001001585

• Clinical Cancer Genomic Profiling by Three-Platform Sequencing of Whole Genome, Whole Exome and Transcriptome

  To evaluate the potential of an integrated clinical test to detect diverse classes of somatic and germline mutations relevant to pediatric oncology, we performed three-platform whole-genome (WGS), whole exome (WES) and transcriptome (RNA-Seq) sequencing of tumors and normal tissue from 78 pediatric cancer patients in a CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited laboratory. Our analysis pipeline achieves high accuracy by cross-validating variants between sequencing types, thereby removing the need for confirmatory testing, and facilitates comprehensive reporting in a clinically-relevant timeframe. Three-platform sequencing has a positive predictive value of 97-99%, 99% and 91% for somatic SNVs, indels and structural variations, respectively, based on independent experimental verification of 15,225 variants. We report 240 pathogenic variants across all cases, including 84 of 86 known from previous diagnostic testing (98% sensitivity). Combined WES and RNA-Seq, the current standard for precision oncology, achieved only 78% sensitivity. These results emphasize the critical need for incorporating WGS in pediatric oncology testing.

  Study EGAS00001002217

• Genome-wide prediction of human embryos

  BACKGROUND: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) enables profiling of embryos for genetic disorders prior to implantation. The majority of PGD testing is restricted in the scope of variants assayed or by the availability of extended family members. While recent advances in single cell sequencing show promise, they remain limited by bias in DNA amplification and the rapid turnaround time (<36 h) required for fresh embryo transfer. Here, we describe and validate a method for inferring the inherited whole genome sequence of an embryo for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). METHODS: We combine haplotype-resolved, parental genome sequencing with rapid embryo genotyping to predict the whole genome sequence of a day-5 human embryo in a couple at risk of transmitting alpha-thalassemia. RESULTS: Inheritance was predicted at approximately 3 million paternally and/or maternally heterozygous sites with greater than 99% accuracy. Furthermore, we successfully phase and predict the transmission of an HBA1/HBA2 deletion from each parent. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that preimplantation whole genome prediction may facilitate the comprehensive diagnosis of diseases with a known genetic basis in embryos.

  Study EGAS00001001020