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• MAESTRO-Pool Enables Highly Parallel and Specific Mutation-Enrichment Sequencing for Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Cohort Studies

  MAESTRO-Pool builds upon the technology MAESTRO (Minor Allele Enriched Sequencing Through Recognition Oligonucleotides) by pooling tumor-specific MAESTRO probes from multiple patients and applying these to all samples from all patients. In this study, MAESTRO-Pool was applied to a cohort of 9 melanoma patients where 98 plasma samples were screened for 22,333 mutations. Additionally, a new dynamic minimal residual disease (MRD) caller was used to estimate the likelihood of MRD detection based on the number mutations and cell-free DNA molecules interrogated which allowed each bespoke MRD test to be properly calibrated against false detection. These developments led to sensitive detection in patient-matched samples down to 0.78 parts per million (ppm) while limiting false detection in negative controls to 1/784 (tumor fraction=2.7 ppm). MAESTRO-Pool and the dynamic MRD caller enable a unique blend of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency, which will improve the ability to detect MRD.The data contained in this repository consists of:Tumor and normal whole genome sequencing data used to call patient-specific tumor mutations and design the MRD Tracker and MAESTRO-Pool fingerprintsMAESTRO-Pool data (enriched duplex sequencing via hybrid capture) of tumor gDNA, normal gDNA and cfDNA MRD Tracker data (duplex sequencing via hybrid capture) of tumor gDNA, normal gDNA and cfDNA

  Study phs003447

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD43291_Novaseq (WG)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutaiton burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this poriton of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2023-03-08.

  Dataset EGAD00001010111

• Substantial somatic genomic variation and selection for BCOR mutations in human induced pluripotent stem cells

  Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC) are an established patient-specific model system where opportunities are emerging for cell-based therapies. We compared and contrasted hiPSCs derived from different tissues, skin and blood, in the same individual. We show extensive single-nucleotide mutagenesis in all hiPSC lines, although fibroblast-derived hiPSCs (F-hiPSCs) are particularly heavily mutagenized by ultraviolet (UV)-related damage. We utilized genome sequencing data on 454 F-hiPSCs and 44 blood-derived hiPSCs (B-hiPSCs) to gain further insights. Across 324 whole genome sequenced (WGS) F-hiPSCs derived by the Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Initiative (HipSci), UV-related damage is present in ~72% of cell lines, sometimes causing substantial mutagenesis (range 0.25-15 per Mb). Furthermore, we find remarkable genomic heterogeneity between independent F-hiPSC clones derived from the same reprogramming process in the same donor, due to oligoclonal populations within fibroblasts. Combining WGS and exome-sequencing data of 452 HipSci F-hiPSCs, we identify 272 predicted pathogenic mutations in cancer-related genes, of which 21 genes were hit recurrently three or more times, involving 77 (17%) lines. Notably, 151 of 272 mutations were present in starting fibroblast populations suggesting that more than half of putative driver events in F-hiPSCs were acquired in vivo. In contrast, B-hiPSCs reprogrammed from erythroblasts show lower levels of genome-wide mutations (range 0.28-1.4 per Mb), no UV damage, but a strikingly high prevalence of acquired BCOR mutations in ~57% of lines, indicative of strong selection pressure. All hiPSCs had otherwise stable, diploid genomes on karyotypic pre-screening, highlighting how copy-number-based approaches do not have the required resolution to detect widespread nucleotide mutagenesis. This work strongly suggests that models for cell-based therapies require detailed nucleotide-resolution characterization prior to clinical application.

  Dataset EGAD00001007029

• UK10K NEURO EDINBURGH

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches. This sample set consists of subjects with schizophrenia recruited from psychiatric in-patient and out-patient facilities in Scotland. All diagnoses are based on standard research procedures and family histories are available. Patients have IQ>70 and the cohort includes the following groups: 100 cases with detailed clinical, cognitive and structural and functional neuroimaging phenotypes; 138 familial cases who are the probands of families where DNA has been collected from other affected members; 162 unrelated individuals. In most cases patients and their families may be re contacted to take part in further studies.For further information on this cohort please contact Andrew McIntosh (andrew.mcintosh@ed.ac.uk).

  Study EGAS00001000117

• Liquid Biopsy Versus Tissue Biopsy to Assess Acquired Resistance and Tumor Heterogeneity in Gastrointestinal Cancers

  Tumor heterogeneity can drive the evolution of multiple tumor subclones harboring unique molecular resistance alterations in different metastatic lesions in an individual patient, under the selective pressure of therapy1-3. Studies have suggested that liquid biopsy may better capture the heterogeneity of acquired resistance, but systematic, direct comparisons of post-progression liquid vs. standard single-lesion tumor biopsies are lacking. In a prospective cohort of 44 patients with molecularly-defined gastrointestinal cancers and acquired resistance to targeted therapy, direct comparison of post-progression liquid vs. tumor biopsy revealed that liquid biopsy more frequently identified clinically-relevant resistance alterations and multiple resistance mechanisms, detecting resistance alterations not detected in matched tumor biopsy in 78% of cases. Whole-exome sequencing of serial cell-free DNA, tumor biopsies and rapid autopsy specimens elucidated geographic and evolutionary characteristics of heterogeneity. Our data suggest that acquired resistance is frequently characterized by profound tumor heterogeneity and highlight the potential clinical utility of liquid biopsy. Burrell, R. A. & Swanton, C. Tumour heterogeneity and the evolution of polyclonal drug resistance. Molecular oncology 8, 1095-1111, doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.005 (2014). Misale, S. et al. Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Nature 486, 532-536, doi:10.1038/nature11156 (2012). Ahronian, L. G. et al. Clinical Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitor Combinations in BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer through MAPK Pathway Alterations. Cancer Disco 5, 358-367, doi:10.1158/2159-8290.Cd-14-1518 (2015).

  Study phs001853

• Transcriptional_reprogramming_from_innate_immune_functions_to_a_pro_thrombotic_signature_upon_SARS_CoV_2_sensing_by_monocytes_in_COVID_19

  Alterations in the myeloid immune compartment have been observed in COVID-19, but the specific mechanisms underlying these impairments are not completely understood. Here we examined the functionality of classical CD14+ monocytes as a main myeloid cell component in well-defined cohorts of patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 during the acute phase of infection and compared them to that of healthy individuals. We found that ex vivo isolated CD14+ monocytes from mild and moderate COVID-19 patients display specific expression patterns of costimulatory and inhibitory receptors that clearly distinguish them from healthy monocytes, as well as an altered metabolic profile. In addition, decreased NFB activation in COVID-19 monocytes ex vivo is accompanied by an intact type I IFN antiviral response. Secondary pathogen sensing ex vivo led to a state of functional unresponsiveness characterized by a defect in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, NFB-driven cytokine responses and defective type I IFN response in moderate COVID-19 monocytes, together with defects in the metabolic reprogramming that innate immune cells usually undergo upon pathogen sensing. Transcriptionally and functionally, COVID-19 monocytes switched their gene expression signature from canonical innate immune functions to a pro-thrombotic phenotype characterized by enrichment of pathways involved in hemostasis, immunothrombosis, platelet aggregation and other accessory pathways to platelet activation, accumulation and clot formation, including extracellular matrix reorganization, integrin cell surface interactions and signaling by PDGF. These results provide a potential mechanism by which innate immune dysfunction in COVID-19 may contribute to disease pathology

  Study EGAS00001006788

• Mechanism of Decitabine response in MDS/AML patients

  Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with complex or monosomy karyotype show high prevalence of TP53 mutations (TP53m), poor response to induction chemotherapy and adverse outcome. These diseases may respond to decitabine but the mechanisms are presently unclear. This study investigates MDS/AML patients who were treated with decitabine for 10 days in a Phase II clinical trial. Serial samples were collected from patients before and at completion of decitabine treatment, morphologic remission and relapse. The samples were interrogated using single-cell transcriptomics to investigate potential interactions between leukemic and immune populations."

  Study EGAS50000000924

• a cohort-scale multi-omic atlas of human colon organoids and matched primary tissue biopsies.

  As part of the Human Cell Atlas, we present a cohort-scale multi-omic atlas of human colon organoids and matched primary tissue biopsies. Using single-nucleus RNA and ATAC-seq, we provide a systematic assessment of inter-individual variability and organoid fidelity. We benchmark organoid quality, discovering that while organoids adapt to a regenerative state and lack specific stromal signals, they robustly preserve donor-specific properties and cellular architecture. This resource and benchmarking method facilitate the use of high-fidelity organoids for large-scale studies of human biology, population heterogeneity, and precision medicine.

  Study EGAS00001008434

• Metagenomic Sequencing of Vaginal Swab and Breast Milk Samples from 173 Lifelines NEXT Participants

  This dataset contains metagenomic sequencing (MGS) data derived from vaginal swabs and breast milk samples collected from 173 participants in the Lifelines NEXT cohort. Sequencing was performed using Illumina next-generation sequencing technology, and the resulting sequence reads are provided as FASTA files for downstream microbiome analysis.

  Dataset EGAD50000002469

• Subset of EGAS00001004662 WGS data (2 tumor/control pairs) which are used in EGAS00001004813 (Titel: Comprehensive Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Rare Cancers for Guiding of Therapy (H021))

  Part of the published data from EGAS00001004662 resulted in the publication of this study EGAS00001004813

  Dataset EGAD00001008906

• Single cell epigenomic study of H3-K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma across age and location

  This dataset contains the open chromatin profiles of 8 patient H3-K27M mutant DMGs utilizing the single-cell/nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq)

  Dataset EGAD00001010170

• CCMA-RNA

  This dataset has the raw RNA sequencing data for the cancer models in CCMA.

  Dataset EGAD00001010034

• Spatial map of microglia states across CNS diseases

  Microglia are the key immune cells involved in virtually all diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we generated a novel large-scale single-cell RNA-sequencing-derived taxonomy through the analysis of > 1 million CNS cells enriched for myeloid cells across > 15 different pathologies and conditions. Disease-associated human microglia, together with CNS-associated macrophages and monocytes, were differentiated iteratively into 27 superclusters and 192 clusters. This top-down approach, in combination with targeted and genome-wide subcellular spatial transcriptomics, enabled us to examine and compare the spatial interactome of the identified superclusters and clusters within and across pathologies. Our data provide new insights into the spatial dynamics of the endogenous CNS immune system during development, health and disease in humans.

  Study EGAS50000001289

• Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics - Underserved Populations (RADx-UP): COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Social Network Diffusion for Diverse Criminal Legal Involved Communities

  This RADx-UP Phase II proposal, "Social network diffusion of COVID-19 prevention for diverse Criminal Legal Involved Communities", will implement a situation appropriate COVID-19 testing and vaccination social network diffusion intervention - C3 - building upon RADx-UP Phase I lessons and successful social network prevention interventions developed previously by the research team. C3 Criminal Legal Involved (CLI) populations encompass those non-incarcerated who have experienced recent arrest, incarceration, probation, parole or diversion programs such as drug courts. While increases in COVID-19 testing have been observed among this group, there remain members with limited testing history as well as individuals who are vaccine hesitant. COVID-19 prevention messaging can no longer be simplified to "everyone test and/or everyone vaccinate" as testing and vaccination decisions among community members are sensitive to personal histories (i.e., prior infection), local infection rates (i.e., low rates) and testing/vaccination availability. As COVID-19 prevention efforts have become more complicated (i.e., test if exposed), people tend to focus on the messenger, and particularly those that are close to them. Personal connections and communications within existing personal network structures, such as families, friends and other trusted acquaintances represent the cornerstone to increase situation appropriate testing and overcoming COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. C3 builds upon RADx-UP I, by using a network diffusion approach facilitated through motivational interviewing purposefully geared to mobilize one's own organic social network to increase context appropriate testing and vaccine uptake. Through this process we will maximize the primary benefit and impact of this type of intervention which also has the intended effect of increasing likelihood that the messenger themselves will undergo the same behavior change that they have been trained to promote. We will leverage infrastructure developed in RADx-UP Phase I, which includes 4 high-impact sites across the Central US from Phase I: Baton Rouge LA, Little Rock AR, Indianapolis IN, and Chicago IL. We will utilize established engagement efforts already in place and continue to fully integrate communities in the strategic application of the intervention. We will use the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework to guide implementation. C3 aims to: Aim 1a. Test the efficacy (3-month situation appropriate testing or vaccination) of a network diffusion intervention (C3) versus an existing COVID-19 testing and vaccine linkage to care intervention among: 1) primary study participants (primary outcome); and 2) secondary study participants connected to primary participants (secondary outcome) using a RCT design. Aim 1b. Explore the mechanisms for differential intervention effects at the individual and network-level that may increase situation appropriate testing and/or vaccination uptake. Aim 2. Examine key RE-AIM components in real time tied to the implementation of the network diffusion intervention (C3).

  Study phs003234

• Complete Genomics Deep Whole-Genome Sequencing of Circulating Tumor Cells from a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer

  Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered to be informative non-invasive biopsy for the early detection, diagnosis or therapy guidance of cancer. CTCs also contain most of the heterogeneity found across multiple metastatic sites. In this study, we combine recently improved CTC isolation methods, resulting in almost pure CTCs, with advanced whole genome sequencing (WGS) based on Long Fragment Read (LFR) technology to demonstrate, for the first time, the research and clinical utility of an accurate, comprehensive, phased, and quantitative genomic analysis of CTCs. In particular, genomes of 34 CTCs, collected at two different time points from a patient whose metastatic breast cancer ultimately became resistant to standard treatments, were analyzed as 3072 barcoded sub-genomic compartments of long DNA. An average read coverage of 23X per cell enabled the high-resolution detection of somatic variants, cancer copy number variations (CNVs) and structural variants, including 133 CNVs shorter than 1Mb and an early chromothripsis-like event.

  Study phs001028

• Functional Genomic Landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  The implementation of targeted therapies for acute myeloid leukemia has been challenged by complex mutational patterns within and across patients as well as a dearth of pharmacologic agents for most mutational events. The initial findings from the Beat AML program were from a cohort of 672 tumor specimens collected from 562 patients. Additional patients have been added in subsequent versions. We assessed these specimens using whole exome sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and ex vivo drug sensitivity analyses. Our data reveal novel mutational events not previously detected in AML. We show association of drug response with mutational status, including instances of drug sensitivity that are specific to combinatorial mutational events. Integration with RNA-sequencing also revealed gene expression signatures, which predict a role of specific gene networks in drug response. Collectively, this report offers a dataset, accessible by the Beat AML data viewer (www.vizome.org), that can be leveraged to address clinical, genomic, transcriptomic, and functional inquiries into the biology of AML.

  Study phs001657

• Direct genetic transformation bypasses tumor-associated DNA methylation alterations

  Tumors represent dynamically evolving populations of mutant cells, and many advances have been made in understanding the biology of their progression. However, key unresolved questions remain about the conditions that support their initial transformation, which cannot be easily captured in patient populations but are instead modeled using transgenic cellular or animal systems. Here, we used extensive patient atlas data to define common features of the tumor DNA methylation landscape as they compare to healthy human cells and used this benchmark to screen 21 engineered human and mouse models for their ability to reproduce these patterns. Notably, we find that genetically induced cellular transformation can trigger global changes in DNA methylation levels that are consistent with extensive proliferation but rarely recapitulate the widespread de novo methylation of Polycomb targets as found in clinical samples. Our results raise pertinent questions about the relationship between genetic and epigenetic aspects of tumorigenesis and provide an important molecular reference for evaluating existing as well as newer tumor models.

  Study EGAS50000000902

• PCA Atlas Chromium scRNA-seq and demultiplexing support (FASTQs, BAMs, capture-level VCFs and mapping tables)

  This dataset contains Chromium single-cell RNA-seq data and demultiplexing support for the PCA Atlas study EGAS00001008332. Included data objects: - 16 Chromium scRNA-seq FASTQ runs (EGAR accessions) for captures PCa1–PCa16. - 16 aligned BAM analyses (one Cell Ranger possorted_genome_bam.bam per capture). - 16 capture-level genotype VCF analyses derived from the Axiom UK Biobank array, used as demultiplexing panels. - demux_map.csv (EGAZ00001945520): donor–capture–sample mapping for genotype-based demultiplexing. - chromium.csv (EGAZ00001945537): run-level mapping linking captures, EGA samples, runs (EGAR), experiments (EGAX) and BAM analyses. Together these objects provide a complete view of the Chromium scRNA-seq data and the genotype-based demultiplexing support needed to reproduce donor assignment and downstream analyses.See also https://zenodo.org/records/17372603

  Dataset EGAD00001015795

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): Comprehensive Genomic Sequencing of Pediatric Cancer Cases (CMRI/KUCC)

  This study provides paired tumor normal genomic sequencing data from ~ 200 children with cancer, including both solid tumors and leukemias, done by the Children's Mercy Research Institute (CMRI) and University of Kansas Cancer Center (KUCC). These data include whole genome sequencing (generally, ~20x), whole exome sequencing (generally, ~300x), bulk RNA sequencing (generally, ~80 million reads), and single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing (>50,000 reads/cell). Additional phenotypic, pathologic, and genetic data, gathered clinically for these samples, are also provided.

  Study phs002529

• NTNU Data Access Committee for “ProstOmics: spatial and bulk multi-omics of prostate cancer” datasets archived in Federated EGA Norway

  The ProstOmics project of NTNU contains spatial and bulk multi-omics datasets of prostate cancer, and access request to these datasets are handled by this Data Access Committee on behalf of NTNU.

  Dac EGAC50000000277

• Clinical Utility of BRCA Research by Inocras, CMC and SMC (CUBRICS)

  This dataset consists of transcriptome data available for most cases of the whole-genome sequences from 1,364 Korean breast cancers

  Dataset EGAD50000001993

• Nanopore Telomere Sequencing of II.3, II.4, and III.4

  This datasets contains the putative telomeric sequences isolated by TARPON in ubam format after using a Duplex Capture Based Enrichment Protocol for patients II.2, II.4, and III.4.

  Dataset EGAD50000002363

• NICHE - DNA-seq of MMR proficient early stage colon cancers

  The dataset includes 152 FASTQ files from paired-end WXS sequencing on Illumina HiSeq2500 or Novaseq 6000 for 31 pMMR patients. This includes 31 tumor DNA and 31 blood germline samples.

  Dataset EGAD50000001247

• Dataset for WGS head and neck cancer samples

  This dataset contain WGS sequencing data of head and neck cancer samples as well as blood plasma controls. Sequencing was performed on Illumina Novaseq 6000 using KAPA HyperPrep Kit. The sequencing was always paired.

  Dataset EGAD50000000233

• ATAC-Seq of human CD4 Treg cells

  This dataset maps gene expression regulation in human primary regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs). It includes whole genome sequence data for ATAC-seq (114 samples) The final quality filtered set included 73 individuals with ATAC-seq.

  Dataset EGAD00001005002