7073 results for "canc*"

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• Oncogenic Ectodomain deletion of FGFR1 caused by Breakage-Fusion-Bridges in Squamous Cell lung Cancer

  The identification of recurrent 8p11.23 amplifications including FGFR1 raised the hope of a treatable target in squamous cell lung cancer (SQLC). However, only a minority of patients with FGFR1-amplified tumors respond to single agent inhibitor therapy targeting FGFR. To understand the underlying mechanism of FGFR1 dependency, we performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of 25 FGFR1-amplified primary tumors with unknown response upon FGFR inhibition. In addition, we performed deep sequencing of 26 FGFR1-amplified samples whereof the response upon FGFR inhibition was known for 25 samples. In both cohorts we identified intra-chromosomal tail-to-tail breaks close to the FGFR1 transcription start site, being responsible for focal amplification of FGFR1. These specific breaks are caused by a Breakage-Fusion-Bridge-like (BFB-like) mechanism. Here, we associate these breaks with FGFR inhibitor sensitivity. Moreover, in some cases these breaks are located within the open reading frame of FGFR1, which leads to the expression of an ΔEC-FGFR1 transcript that lacks the ecto-domain. Overexpression of ΔEC-FGFR1 transforms Baf3 cells and lead to an FGFR1-dependent phenotype. Our results demonstrate that the truncation of the FGFR1 ectodomain is a frequent event in 8p11.23-amplified squamous cell lung cancer caused by tail-to-tail breaks. These breaks might be used as a predictive therapeutic marker to stratify patients for FGFR-inhibitor therapy.

  Study EGAS00001005059

• Mutant p53 confers gain-of-function transcriptional activity in liver cancer

  Mutant p53 confers gain-of-function transcriptional activity in liver cancer

  Study EGAS00001005779

• Unraveling the genetics of transformed splenic marginal zone lymphoma

  Study EGAS00001006389

• Leukemia sequencing study

  Study EGAS00001006901

• Detection of rare mutations, copy number variation, and DNA methylation in the same template DNA molecules

  The analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma offers great promise for the earlier detection of cancer. At present, changes in DNA sequence, methylation, or copy number are the most sensitive ways to detect the presence of cancer. To further increase the sensitivity of such assays with limited amounts of sample, it would be useful to be able to evaluate the same template molecules for all these changes. Here we report an approach, called MethylSaferSeqS, that achieves this goal, and can be applied to any standard library preparation method suitable for massively parallel sequencing. The innovative step was to copy both strands of each DNA-barcoded molecule with a primer that allows the subsequent separation of the original strands (retaining their 5-methylcytosine residues) from the copied strands (in which the 5-methylcytosine residues are replaced with unmodified cytosine residues). The epigenetic and genetic alterations present in the DNA molecules can then be obtained from the original and copied strands, respectively. We applied this approach to plasma from 265 individuals, including 198 with cancers of the pancreas, ovary, lung and colon, and found the expected patterns of mutations, copy number alterations, and methylation. Furthermore, we could determine which original template DNA molecules were methylated and/or mutated. MethylSaferSeqS should be useful for addressing a variety of questions relating genetics and epigenetics in the future.

  Study EGAS00001006839

• Targeted sequence of MDS cases treated with azacitidine

  Study EGAS00001007030

• Molecular Classification of Lymph Node Metastases Subtypes Predict for Survival in Head and Neck Cancer

  Study EGAS00001003233

• SCANDARE MACARON

  Among gynecological cancers, high-grade serous ovarian cancer has the highest prevalence and more than 75% of patients have advanced stage at diagnosis with a 5-year survival of 40%. When the initial complete surgical removal is not possible (60% of patients), an interval surgery can be considered after three to four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce the tumor mass. However, in approximately 50% of cases the tumor has little or no response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, identification of potential drug targets, biomarkers and/or pathways whose modulation can help in the prevention, interception, or curing of the disease is essential to address the unmet need. Therefore, MACARON project aims to address these issues through the identification of shared neoantigens arising out of somatic alterations and aberrant transcriptional programs in ovarian cancer DNA/RNA datasets.

  Study EGAS50000000145

• The INFORM Precision Medicine Study for High-Risk Pediatric Malignancies

  Study EGAS00001005112

• Correlative Genomic Analysis of Durvalumab plus Pazopanib Combination in Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas

  We conducted an open-label, phase 2 study to determine the activity of the anti-VEGF receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, pazopanib, combined with the anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, durvalumab, in unselected advanced sarcomas. In addition, we conducted whole exome and transcriptomic sequencing with pre-treatment tissue biopsy to correlate clinical outcomes with molecular and genomic biomarkers to identify patients who would most likely benefit from the combination treatment.

  Study EGAS50000000082

• Sequencing of Ovarian Cancer

  Study EGAS00001007489

• Sequencing of Breast Cancer

  Study EGAS00001007490

• Converging and evolving immuno-genomic routes towards immune escape in breast cancer

  This study explores the evolution of tumor and blood immune microenvironment and related mechanisms that shape breast cancer progression, culminating in a heterogeneous lethal cancer.

  Study EGAS00001004956

• Multimodal epigenetic sequencing analysis for colon cancer

  Targeted methylation sequencing (enzymatic conversion) data of plasma samples collected from colon cancer patients and non-cancer subjects.

  Study EGAS50000000052

• MediMer: A versatile do-it-yourself peptide-receptive MHC class I multimer platform for tumor neoantigen-specific T cell detection

  Peptide-loaded MHC class I (pMHC-I) multimers have revolutionized our capabilities to monitor disease-associated T cell responses with high sensitivity and specificity. To improve the discovery of T cell receptors (TCR) targeting neoantigens of individual tumor patients with recombinant MHC molecules, we developed a peptide-loadable MHC class I platform termed MediMer. MediMers are based on soluble disulfide-stabilized β2-microglobulin/heavy chain ectodomain single-chain dimers (dsSCD) that can be easily produced in large quantities in eukaryotic cells and tailored to individual patients’ HLA allotypes with only little hands-on time. Upon transient expression in CHO-S cells together with ER-targeted BirA biotin ligase, biotinylated dsSCD are purified from the cell supernatant and are ready to use. We show that CHO-produced dsSCD are free of endogenous peptide ligands. Empty dsSCD from more than 30 different HLA-A,B,C allotypes, that were produced and validated so far, can be loaded with synthetic peptides matching the known binding criteria of the respective allotypes, and stored at low temperature without loss of binding activity. We demonstrate the usability of peptide-loaded dsSCD multimers for the detection of human antigen-specific T cells with comparable sensitivities as multimers generated with peptide-tethered β2m-HLA heavy chain single-chain trimers (SCT) and wild-type peptide-MHC-I complexes prior formed in small-scale refolding reactions. Using allotype-specific, fluorophore-labeled competitor peptides, we present a novel dsSCD-based peptide binding assay capable of interrogating large libraries of in silico predicted neoepitope peptides by flow cytometry in a high-throughput and rapid format. We discovered rare T cell populations with specificity for tumor neoepitopes and epitopes from shared tumor-associated antigens in peripheral blood of a melanoma patient including a so far unreported HLA-C*08:02-restricted NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cell population. Two representative TCR of this T cell population, which could be of potential value for a broader spectrum of patients, were identified by dsSCD-guided single-cell sequencing and were validated by cognate pMHC-I multimer staining and functional responses to autologous peptide-pulsed antigen presenting cells. By deploying the novel CHO producer cell-based dsSCD MHC-I MediMer platform, we hope to significantly improve success rates for the discovery of personalized neoepitope- specific TCR in the future by being able to also cover rare HLA allotypes.

  Study EGAS50000000065

• AVENIO Expanded ctDNA panel sequence alignments (BAMs) from plasma DNA of lung cancer patients from the OSCILLATE trial

  The AVENIO ctDNA Expanded Kit is a next-generation sequencing (NGS) liquid biopsy assay with a 77 gene panel (192 kb) containing genes in U.S. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines and emerging cancer biomarkers. This pan-cancer assay was applied to 100 plasma samples from patients with lung cancer undergoing treatment in the OSCILLATE trial. After 150 bp paired-end sequencing, reads were aligned to the human genome reference with the AVENIO Oncology Analysis Software. These files are the sorted non-deduplicated alignments generated by the analysis software used for subsequent variant, indel and CNV calling.

  Study EGAS50000000103

• Immunomodulatory effects and improved outcomes with cisplatin- vs carboplatin-based chemotherapy plus atezolizumab in urothelial cancer

  In metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), cisplatin versus carboplatin leads to durable disease control in a subset of patients. The IMvigor130 trial reveals more favorable effects with atezolizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GemCis) versus gemcitabine and carboplatin (GemCarbo). This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of cisplatin as a potential explanation for these observations. Our findings indicate that improved outcomes with GemCis versus GemCarbo are primarily observed in patients with pretreatment tumors exhibiting features of restrained adaptive immunity. Additionally, GemCis versus GemCarbo ± atezolizumab induces transcriptional changes in circulating immune cells, including upregulation of antigen presentation and T-cell activation programs. In vitro experiments demonstrate that cisplatin, compared with carboplatin, exerts direct immunomodulatory effects on cancer cells, promoting dendritic cell activation and antigen-specific T cell killing. These results underscore the key role of immune modulation in cisplatin's efficacy in mUC and highlight the importance of specific chemotherapy backbones in immunotherapy combination regimens.

  Study EGAS50000000104

• Residual ANTXR1+ myofibroblasts after chemotherapy inhibit anti-tumor immunity via YAP1 signaling pathway

  Although cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) heterogeneity is well-established, the impact of chemotherapy on CAF populations remains poorly understood. We address this question in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), in which we previously identified 4 CAF populations. While the global content in stroma increases in HGSOC after chemotherapy, the proportion of FAP+ CAF (also called CAF-S1) decreases. Still, maintenance of high residual CAF-S1 content after chemotherapy is associated with reduced CD8+ T lymphocyte density and poor patient prognosis, emphasizing the importance of CAF-S1 reduction upon treatment. Single cell analysis, spatial transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry reveal that the content in the ECM-producing ANTXR1+ CAF-S1 cluster (ECM-myCAF) is the most affected by chemotherapy. Moreover, functional assays demonstrate that ECM-myCAF isolated from HGSOC reduce CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity through a Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1)-dependent mechanism. Thus, efficient inhibition after treatment of YAP1-signaling pathway in the ECM-myCAF cluster is required to enhance CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity. Altogether, these data pave the way for novel therapy targeting YAP1 in ECM-myCAF in HGSOC.

  Study EGAS50000000136

• Evolutionary Trajectories of Small Cell Lung Cancer under Therapy

  Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the deadliest human cancers with a five-years survival rate of less than 7%. The standard of care for extensive-stage SCLC consists of systemic treatment with platinum and etoposide, recently combined with PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). SCLC patients show high sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy, followed by rapid recurrence, which distinguishes SCLC from most human cancers. Unfortunately, second-line treatment with other chemotherapeutics or immunotherapy is only marginally effective, and patients ultimately succumb to their disease. We performed whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of multiple tumor regions from 65 patients with SCLC. We determined tumor phylogenies at diagnosis and throughout chemotherapy and immunotherapy by multi-region sequencing of 160 tumors from 65 patients, to thus decipher the evolutionary processes underlying the remarkable sensitivity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to chemotherapy.

  Study EGAS50000000169

• Oxel Pilot Study

  This pilot study will provide preliminary data regarding the role of a peripheral immunoscore (PIS) in predicting the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibition with or without chemotherapy for high risk patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and residual disease after effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

  Study EGAS50000000222

• Prediction of plasma ctDNA fraction and prognostic implications of liquid biopsy in advanced prostate cancer

  No consensus strategies exist for prognosticating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Circulating tumor DNA fraction (ctDNA%) is increasingly reported by commercial and laboratory tests but its utility for risk stratification is unclear. Here, we intersect ctDNA%, treatment outcomes, and clinical characteristics across 738 plasma samples from 491 male mCRPC patients from two randomized multicentre phase II trials and a prospective province-wide blood biobanking program. ctDNA% correlates with serum and radiographic metrics of disease burden and is highest in patients with liver metastases. ctDNA% strongly predicts overall survival, progression-free survival, and treatment response independent of therapeutic context and outperformed established prognostic clinical factors. Recognizing that ctDNA-based biomarker genotyping is limited by low ctDNA% in some patients, we leverage the relationship between clinical prognostic factors and ctDNA% to develop a clinically-interpretable machine learning tool that predicts whether a patient has sufficient ctDNA% for informative ctDNA genotyping (available online: https://www.ctDNA.org). Our results affirm ctDNA% as an actionable tool for patient risk stratification and provide a practical framework for optimized biomarker testing.

  Study EGAS50000000211

• Lung cancer cfDNA dataset DAC

  Dac EGAC00001002994

• Ovarian cancer cfDNA dataset DAC

  Dac EGAC00001003234

• Prediction of plasma ctDNA fraction and prognostic implications of liquid biopsy in advanced prostate cancer

  Targeted cfDNA and WBC sequencing data from patients profiled in the study "Prediction of plasma ctDNA fraction and prognostic implications of liquid biopsy in advanced prostate cancer". Note that 'Exome sequencing' is listed under Dataset Type since there is no option for targeted panel sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD50000000303

• Improved detection of colibactin-induced mutations by genotoxic E. coli in organoids and colorectal cancer

  Co-culture of intestinal organoids with a colibactin-producing pks+ E. coli strain (EcC) revealed mutational signatures also found in colorectal cancer (CRC). E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) remains a commonly used probiotic, despite harboring the pks operon and inducing double strand DNA breaks. We determine the mutagenicity of EcN and three CRC-derived pks+ E. coli strains with an analytical framework based on sequence characteristic of colibactin-induced mutations. All strains, including EcN, display varying levels of mutagenic activity. Furthermore, a machine learning approach attributing individual mutations to colibactin reveals that patients with colibactin-induced mutations are diagnosed at a younger age and that colibactin can induce a specific APC mutation. These approaches allow the sensitive detection of colibactin-induced mutations in ~12% of CRC genomes and even in whole exome sequencing data, representing a crucial step towards pinpointing the mutagenic activity of distinct pks+ E. coli strains.

  Study EGAS50000000212