7411 results for "canc*"

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• Predicting resistance to chemotherapy using chromosomal instability signatures

  The aim of this study is to assess whether three chromosomal instability signature biomarkers are capable of predicting resistance to standard chemotherapies, namely platins, taxanes and anthracyclines. As part of this study we compiled a proof of principle cohort of ovarian cancers treated with these therapies, profiled using the Illumina TSO500 panel. Analysis of these data demonstrated that accurate biomarker calling can be computed from these gene panel data.

  Study EGAS50000000992

• Whole exome sequencing from small cell lung cancer patients

  Study EGAS00001005087

• Human papillomavirus integration induces oncogenic host gene fusions in oropharyngeal cancers

  HPV integration disrupts host genomic structure and expression, but whether these alterations promote cancer development remains unclear. Multiple genomic analyses of oropharyngeal cancers identified several host gene fusions, including recurrent FGFR3-TACC3 fusions, expressed from rearranged genomic loci adjacent to HPV integration sites. Evolutionary modeling implicated integration of virus concatemers into the host genome as a common initiating event in fusion formation. Co-expression of HPV16 E6/E7 and FGFR3-TACC3, but neither alone, was sufficient for tumor development in both xenograft and syngeneic mouse models and led to unique transcriptional programs implicated in carcinogenesis. FGFR3-TACC3 expression decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of E6 and E7, thereby increasing oncoprotein abundance. We conclude that expression of HPV16 oncoproteins and host gene fusions generated from HPV integration sites can be sufficient for cancer development.

  Study EGAS50000000892

• Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in ERBB2-Amplified Colorectal Cancer: Biomarker Analysis of the MyPathway Trial

  Combination of two HER2-directed antibodies, pertuzumab and trastuzumab (P+T), has antitumor activity in HER2-positive colorectal cancer (CRC). Although liquid biopsies are increasingly being used in clinical oncology, the association between tumor and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) ERBB2 status and ctDNA monitoring for early response and resistance are unknown. Eighty-five patients with ERBB2-amplified and/or overexpressed CRC were treated with P+T in the MyPathway trial; 42 had ctDNA testing at Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1), and 38 had longitudinal plasma tested for ctDNA. We analyzed the ctDNA vs tissue ERBB2 concordance, genomic co-alterations, and ctDNA dynamics and association with response. Forty-one (98%) of 42 patients had genomic alterations detected in ctDNA at C1D1, and 29 (69%) had ERBB2 amplification in ctDNA. There was a strong correlation between ERBB2 copy number on next-generation sequencing in tissue and C1D1 ERBB2 ctDNA copy number. Thirty-seven percent achieved a molecular response by C3D1 on P+T, which was associated with prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). CDKN2A and KRAS mutations were associated with shorter OS, and a trend was seen with PIK3CA mutations. Several emerging co-alterations were identified in ctDNA at progression, including in the MAPK and PI3K pathways and other tyrosine receptor kinases. ctDNA can detect ERBB2 amplification in many, but not all, patients with ERBB2 amplification detected in tumor samples. ctDNA molecular response was associated with better survival, and ctDNA co-alterations may offer insights into mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance.

  Study EGAS50000000916

• Final results and ctDNA analyses from the randomized phase 3 IMpassion031 trial evaluating peri-operative atezolizumab for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer

  In IMpassion031, adding atezolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathologic complete response (pCR) rate (primary endpoint) for stage II/III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients with stage II/III TNBC were randomized 1:1 to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus peri-operative atezolizumab or pre-operative placebo. Descriptive secondary endpoints included event-free, disease-free, and overall survival. Long-term outcomes favored the atezolizumab group (event-free survival HR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.47–1.21). Among patients without pCR, 14/70 (20%) atezolizumab-treated and 33/99 (33%) placebo-treated patients received additional adjuvant therapy, frequently capecitabine. In exploratory analyses, pCR was prognostic for long-term outcome. Patients with baseline ctDNA-negative status (6%) had excellent long-term outcomes. Most patients (87%) had cleared ctDNA at surgery. ctDNA-positive status at surgery identified a subset of non-pCR patients with poorest prognosis. Long-term safety was consistent with primary results. Adding atezolizumab to chemotherapy for stage II/III TNBC is associated with more favorable long-term outcomes. ctDNA dynamics provide prognostic value beyond pCR. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03197935

  Study EGAS50000000974

• DCIS fresh frozen fragmentomics dataset

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor lesion of breast cancer (BC). Often detected by mammography, most cases are managed through surgical and/or radiotherapy approaches. Today, it is not possible to predict which patients will progress to invasive disease. Here, we evaluated high-depth whole-genome sequenced (WGS) DCIS, enriched for highgrade clinical lesions, to understand whether deep WGS could reveal biological insights and/or personalized therapeutic vulnerabilities that may be targetable. We find genomic locations that are likely susceptible to producing the initiating lesion for structural variations (SVs) prone to subsequent evolution, termed SHOREs (Susceptibility HOtspots for Rearrangements and ongoing Evolution). We additionally highlight individualized therapeutic potential that would otherwise not be appreciable without WGS. We posit that holistic WGS profiling could offer a more precise stratification approach, discerning higher-risk cases for prospective clinical studies on personalized therapies, from truly low-risk cases suitable for active monitoring. To substantiate our WGS findings, we also performed RNAseq on the same samples, this EGA study contains the RNAseq data.

  Study EGAS50000001475

• High-depth whole genome sequencing of 26 premalignant breast lesions

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor lesion of breast cancer, representing 20-25% of newly diagnosed breast cancer lesions. It is currently not possible to predict which DCIS patients will progress to invasive breast cancer. The samples deposited here are part of a larger study using high-depth whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the somatic mutation genomic landscape of DCIS. Comprehensive evaluation of DCIS genomes aims to uncover biological insights into breast cancer progression and potential opportunities to stratify DCIS patients for personalised treatment options or active surveillance. Due to specific restrictions imposed by the ethical approval at sample collection, the use of the germline data is restricted to filtering of somatic mutation calls only and cannot be used outside this purpose.

  Study EGAS50000001559

• PEVOsq

  The PEVOData PEVOsq basket trial is an open-label, multi-center, phase II trial investigating the combination of pembrolizumab (an immune checkpoint inhibitor) with vorinostat (a histone deacetylase inhibitor). This trial focuses on treating patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous carcinomas, including cancers of the cervix, head and neck, anus, vulva/vagina, penis, and lung. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination, with pembrolizumab administered every 3 weeks and vorinostat daily. Outcomes include overall response rate and progression-free survival.

  Study EGAS50000000731

• Multi-omics bulk and single-cell profiling of epithelioid sarcoma

  Epithelioid sarcoma (EpS) is an aggressive sarcoma, characterized by the loss of SMARCB1 expression. EpS is traditionally classified as distal or proximal according to clinicopathological features, but its molecular characteristics remain largely unknown. To establish an EpS molecular classification and uncover determinants of inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity in EpS, we used multi-omics profiling and integrated the genomic, transcriptional and methylome landscapes with single-cell RNA sequencing on fresh samples as well as spatial transcriptomics. We identified two molecular subtypes of EpS: “distal-like” and “proximal-like”, which were distinct from the histological subtypes. Distal-like tumors include all morphological distal subtypes and a subset of proximal and hybrid EpS. They express a specific molecular single-cell derived epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signature, which associates with improved patient survival and includes Desmoglein 2 (DSG2), which we identify as a potential routine immunohistochemical biomarker to improve diagnosis. Distal-like EpS also display increased peri-tumoral CD8+ T cell infiltrates and specific tumor-immune cell interactions. Conversely, proximal-like EpS harbor a higher inter-tumoral molecular heterogeneity with some cases resembling other SMARCB1-deficient tumors by DNA methylation profiling, and increased intra-tumoral pro-tumoral macrophage infiltrates. Our study introduces a novel molecular classification of EpS with prognostic value, associated diagnostic biomarkers and distinct tumor immune microenvironments, which extends beyond traditional clinicopathological classification. This paves the way for precision medicine-based therapeutic strategies for patients with EpS.

  Study EGAS50000000973

• Molecular and cellular composition changes after neoadjuvant letrozole and palbociclib in early luminal breast cancer

  The NeoPAL trial compared neoadjuvant letrozole-palbociclib (LP) with chemotherapy (CT) in 103 patients with high-risk early luminal breast cancer. Deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data revealed that myoepithelial cells, normal-like fibroblasts, FOLR2+ macrophages and SELL+ CD4+ T lymphocytes accumulated after treatment (p: 0.046 to 7.2e-07). All changes were similar between the LP and CT arms.

  Study EGAS50000001021

• Clinical Outcomes of 344 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma patients

  This study examines clinical outcomes of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We analyzed a cohort of 344 patients from the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL). To protect patient confidentiality, all samples were pseudonymized. The dataset includes clinical key characteristics, such as patient age at diagnosis, sex, ECOG performance status, disease stage, serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, bulky disease, bone marrow involvement, extranodal involvement, and B-symptoms. We used these data alongside proteomic and transcriptomic profiles to explore relationships between clinical features and molecular signatures, reconstructing regulatory networks. Insights from this integrative analysis aim to identify key pathological drivers and biomarkers of DLBCL progression, ultimately informing improved risk stratification and targeted therapeutic approaches.

  Study EGAS50000001054

• WGS data for ctDNA monitoring for NSCLC in TRACERx

  Ultrasensitive circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) detection can stratify clinical risk in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we applied a whole-genome, tumour-informed approach to study ctDNA in more than 400 NSCLC of the TRACERx project

  Study EGAS50000001187

• Genomic Signatures of Intestinal Metaplasia in Six Countries with Varying Incidence of Stomach Cancer

  Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a pre-cancerous condition associated with gastric cancer (GC), a deadly malignancy with varying geographic incidence. Performing a genomic analysis of over 1,500 IM samples from six countries, we identified 46 significantly mutated genes. We observed IM driver genes associated with high-risk populations and worse prognosis (ARID1A), members of the KRAS/MAPK signalling pathway (KRAS, BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP3K1, MAP2K4, NF1), and altered mucosal immunity (PIGR).

  Study EGAS50000001056

• Single cell RNA sequencing reveals induced bifurcated differentiation after RUNX1::RUNX1T1 depletion in patient-derived leukemic blasts

  Study EGAS00001008050

• Clinical Utility of Breast cancer Research by Inocras, Catholic university hospital and Samsung medical center

  Breast cancer remains a major global challenge. To comprehensively characterize its genomic landscape and clinical significance, we analyzed whole genome sequences from 1,364 clinically annotated breast cancers, integrating transcriptome data from most of the tumors.

  Study EGAS50000001062

• Expression profiles and genetic makeup of metastases of a cancer of unknown primary.

  Study EGAS00001004059

• Investigation of BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) and Molecular Signatures in UC specimens from Taiwan

  Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most prevalent cancer of kidney transplant recipients in some regions. The integration of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) genome into the human genome is observed in some cases of UC. The prevalence of aristolochic acid (AA) mutational signatures in urothelial carcinoma is high in the general population of Taiwan. To better understand the mechanisms of UC carcinogenesis in kidney transplant recipients, 19 UC specimens were analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and Hybrid Sequencing.

  Study EGAS50000001063

• MorphoITH: A Framework for Deconvolving Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity Using Tissue Morphology

  This study introduces MorphoITH, a framework for deconvolving intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) based on tissue morphology from histopathological slides. The study tested MorphoITH's ability to capture different aspects of morphology and to reflect genetic ITH. The data deposited here is derived from a morphology guided multi-regional sequencing dataset used to study the relationship between morphology and genetic evolution. This dataset consists of whole exome sequencing of tumor from multiple sites and adjacent normal samples which were collected from two patients treated in affiliated hospitals of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), including Parkland Hospital.

  Study EGAS50000001064

• Fasting-mimicking diet reshapes antitumor immunity in cancer patients

  Study EGAS00001004944

• Single-cell RNA sequencing of metastatic colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts treated with cetuximab

  Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on a cetuximab-sensitive metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. The objective of this analysis was to assess whether the transcriptional patterns identified in the single-cell RNA-seq data of matched organoids were preserved in the in vivo context.

  Study EGAS50000001459

• Diversity of U1 small nuclear RNAs and Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods for their Mutations

  U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) mutations are recurrent non-coding alterations found in various malignancies, including medulloblastoma, yet their identification has proven challenging due to their repetitive nature. To establish a robust DNA-based, and RNA-based method for detecting U1 snRNA mutations, we performed targeted DNA sequencing using our original gene panel for medulloblastoma and RNA-sequencing. As an RNA-based method, we developed a random forest classifier employing splicing patterns which were massively altered as a result of U1 snRNA mutations. By using both methods, we successfully detected U1 snRNA mutation in five DNA samples and four RNA samples.

  Study EGAS50000000693

• Dynamics of Tumor Heterogeneity from Primary to Metastatic Dissemination in Prostate Cancer

  PRO-SPeCT: PROstate cancer heterogeneity deconvolution through Single cell Profiling of Chromatin accessibility and Transcriptomic output Identifying drivers of cancer progression to guide treatment selection is hindered by limited abilities to understand tumor heterogeneity’s impact on evolution. Here, we delineated the phenotypic variability across ~300,000 prostate tumor cells collected from multiple loci in primary and matched locoregional metastases. We found inter-patient heterogeneity to be confined to malignant populations. While malignant cell populations exhibit intra-locus heterogeneity, they maintain inter-loci phenotypic similarity within a patient’s prostate gland. In addition, the intra-locus heterogeneity between malignant cell populations is paired with a common clonal architecture. Lastly, we show that malignant cell populations disseminating to locoregional lymph nodes mirror the clonal architecture and phenotypic heterogeneity observed across primary tumor loci while showcasing cell state transition toward inflammatory phenotypes. These findings provide insights into distinct measures of tumor heterogeneity, revealing diverse evolutionary paths across patients converging to common phenotypic adaptations in early prostate cancer progression.

  Study EGAS50000000524

• Exploring the evolution of atypical fibroxanthoma to pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: a genomic and pharmacological insight

  The study includes an integrated genomic and pharmacological analysis of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and its progression to pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), two rare cutaneous mesenchymal tumors with overlapping clinical and histological features but distinct prognostic profiles. The findings will shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this progression and provide preliminary evidence for potential therapeutic vulnerabilities, particularly in the context of targeted and immune-based approaches.

  Study EGAS50000001741

• Genomic landscape of DS-ALL

  Study EGAS00001006600

• MSI_Cancer_Models___WGS

  The study will use whole genome sequencing to aid in define determinants of WRN dependency in MSI Cancer models.

  Study EGAS00001004178

• Sensitive neoantigen discovery by real-time mutanome-guided immunopeptidomics - WES

  Targeting cancer-specific HLA-peptide complexes is a promising immunotherapy approach, with mutated neoantigens offering high value for their immunogenicity and cancer-specificity. Selecting immunogenic targets requires personalized prioritization of cancer-specific immunopeptides. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based immunopeptidomics supports this process by directly identifying cancer-specific antigens and informing global presentation patterns to refine immunogenicity predictions. Clinical pipelines, however, must balance global depth and target sensitivity compounded by low input samples and time constraints. Here, we present NeoDiscMS, an extension of the NeoDisc pipeline, enabling personalized immunopeptidomics data acquisition. By leveraging real-time NGS-guided spectral acquisitions, NeoDiscMS maximizing sensitivity with minimal loss of global depth. NeoDiscMS improves TAA-derived peptide detection up to 20% and enhances neoantigen identification confidence compared to the clinical gold standard method. Designed for effectiveness and ease of use, it requires minimal effort for implementation. NeoDiscMS advances personalization in clinical antigen discovery by enabling more sensitive neoantigen detection while seamlessly integrating into existing workflows.

  Study EGAS50000000976

• Sensitive neoantigen discovery by real-time mutanome-guided immunopeptidomics - RNAseq

  Targeting cancer-specific HLA-peptide complexes is a promising immunotherapy approach, with mutated neoantigens offering high value for their immunogenicity and cancer-specificity. Selecting immunogenic targets requires personalized prioritization of cancer-specific immunopeptides. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based immunopeptidomics supports this process by directly identifying cancer-specific antigens and informing global presentation patterns to refine immunogenicity predictions. Clinical pipelines, however, must balance global depth and target sensitivity compounded by low input samples and time constraints. Here, we present NeoDiscMS, an extension of the NeoDisc pipeline, enabling personalized immunopeptidomics data acquisition. By leveraging real-time NGS-guided spectral acquisitions, NeoDiscMS maximizing sensitivity with minimal loss of global depth. NeoDiscMS improves TAA-derived peptide detection up to 20% and enhances neoantigen identification confidence compared to the clinical gold standard method. Designed for effectiveness and ease of use, it requires minimal effort for implementation. NeoDiscMS advances personalization in clinical antigen discovery by enabling more sensitive neoantigen detection while seamlessly integrating into existing workflows.

  Study EGAS50000000977

• Orthogonal proteogenomic analysis identifies the druggable PA2G4-MYC axis in 3q26 AML

  Our aim was to identify regulators of the EVI1/MECOM gene, which is the most lethal oncogenic TF and is highly expressed in AML with chromosome 3q26 abnormalities.

  Study EGAS50000000347

• DNA polymerase and mismatch repair deficient cancers exert distinct genome-wide microsatellite signatures 2

  Study EGAS00001004816

• Whole-Genome Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis of Rectal Mucus for Colorectal Cancer Detection

  This study evaluates the use of rectal mucus as a minimally invasive biospecimen for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection through whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. 408 rectal mucus samples were collected from patients suspected to have colorectal cancer and sequenced. These samples were analyzed to characterize microbial community composition and its association with CRC stage and anatomical site. These data provide insights into tumor-proximal microbiome signatures and demonstrate the potential of rectal mucus sampling for early and accurate CRC diagnosis. This is 1 of 4 sequencing experiments on the same sample type.

  Study EGAS50000001310

• Efficacy of dual KRAS G12D–EGFR blockade versus triple combinations in patient-derived models of KRAS G12D-mutant colorectal cancer

  RNA sequencing was performed on patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoid models of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The aim of this study was to characterize the transcriptional landscape of KRAS-mutant mCRC cells in response to therapeutic strategies targeting the EGFR and KRAS signaling pathways. Transcriptomic profiling was conducted following drug treatments to investigate molecular changes associated with single and combination therapies. A total of 24 samples were analyzed.

  Study EGAS50000001700

• germline pathogenic variants found in African patients of prostate cancer

  70 new blood samples added in this project

  Study EGAS50000001132

• Multi-omic analyses from a randomized phase II study of epigenetic priming followed by nivolumab in previously treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

  Emergence of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) mandates the development of strategies for ICB sensitization. We aimed to understand the effects of epigenetic priming in re-shaping the tumor microenvironment, together with molecular drivers of therapeutic response of epigenetic therapy followed by ICB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; NCT01928576). This was done through a multi-omic approach encompassing both genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Findings suggest that epigenetic therapy may reshape the tumor microenvironment towards a more inflamed phenotype and prime responses to immunotherapy.

  Study EGAS50000000913

• Study of biomarkers implicated in radio-immunotherapy response in metastatic cancer

  Immuno-radiotherapy may improve outcomes for patients with advanced solid tumors, although optimized combination modalities remain unclear. Here, we report the analysis from the SABR-PDL1 (NCT02992912) trial that evaluated the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab in combination with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with advanced cancer.

  Study EGAS50000001149

• organoid data of colorectal cancers

  Study EGAS00001003360

• Variant analysis on FFPE specimen from NSCLC patients (FoundationOne CDx)

  This study assessed the presence of somatic variants via the FoundationOne CDx panel of commonly mutated cancer genes and measure tumor mutational burden using next-generation sequencing panels. It was performed on genomic DNA from FFPE tissue of tumor resections. Mutations were used to draw OncoPrints and to assess TMB in relation with response metrics.

  Study EGAS50000001139

• Targeted gene expression analysis on FFPE specimen from NSCLC patients

  This study measured the expression of a panel of over 300 cancer immunotherapy-relavant genes in tumors after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. It was performed on RNA from FFPE tumor tissue. Differential gene expression analysis was performed between patients achieving or not achieving an event-free survival of 12 months.

  Study EGAS50000001140

• Single nucleus and spatial transcriptomic characterization of prostate cancer versus normal controls

  10x Genomics Visium and Chromium platforms were used for spatial and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing, respectively. Cohort consisted of 8 prostate cancer patients (8 prostate cancer + 8 paired non-malignant control samples, fresh-frozen)

  Study EGAS50000001143

• Genomic landscapes of endometrioid and mucinous ovarian cancers and morphologically similar tumor types

  While endometrioid and mucinous ovarian cancers represent nearly a quarter of ovarian cancers, their molecular characteristics and pathologic origins are poorly understood. To characterize the genomic and epigenomic alterations of these ovarian cancer subtypes and evaluate links to morphologically similar tumors from other sites, we performed sequence, copy number, mutation signature, rearrangement, and methylation analyses from tumor samples and matched normal tissues of 133 patients. These analyses included patients with ovarian endometrioid (n=44), ovarian mucinous (n=43), uterine endometrial (n=15), and gastrointestinal mucinous cancers (n=31). In addition to identifying genes previously known to be involved in these tumors, we identified alterations in RAD51C, NOTCH4, SMARCA1/4 and JAK1 in ovarian endometrioid, ESR1 in uterine endometrioid, and SMARCA4 in ovarian mucinous cancers. Whole genome sequencing revealed rearrangements involving PTEN, NF1, and NF2 in ovarian endometrioid tumors, and NF1 and MED1 in ovarian mucinous cancers. The number of alterations and affected genes in ovarian and uterine endometrioid cancers were similar as were genome-wide methylation profiles, suggesting that these tumors may have a similar tissue of origin. By contrast, methylation patterns in ovarian mucinous cancers were more similar to other gastrointestinal mucinous cancers, including mucinous cancers of the stomach, colon, and pancreas. These analyses provide insights into the genomic landscapes and origins of mucinous and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, providing new avenues for early clinical intervention and management of patients with these cancers.

  Study EGAS50000000523

• Study assessing the efficacy and safety of durvalumab plus olaparib plus fulvestrant in selected metastatic or locally advanced ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients.

  This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of olaparib, durvalumab, and fulvestrant for the treatment of patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with BRCA gene alterations or alterations of genes involved in HRR or MSI status, in terms of the progression-free survival rate (PFSR) at 24 weeks.

  Study EGAS50000001166

• Translational analyses from a phase II study of pembrolizumab and epigenetic modification with azacitidine in platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer

  Epigenetic modulators may sensitize platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) to immune checkpoint inhibition by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. We report clinical and translational findings from a phase II non-randomized study of pembrolizumab and oral azacytidine in 34 women with PROC (NCT02900560). The effect of combined epigenetic and immunotherapy was evaluated by transcriptomic analyses of serially biopsied tumors. Differential gene expression analyses revealed an upregulation of inflammatory and cytolytic genes and co-inhibitory checkpoints 6 weeks on-therapy. Upregulation of interferon signaling, antigen presentation and immune cell adhesion and migration gene sets was prominent on-therapy, together with an increased density of CD8+ T -cells. Patients with a CA-125 and/or clinical response showed an enrichment of adaptive and conserved immune response gene sets on-therapy.

  Study EGAS50000001165

• NOUS-209 off-the-shelf immunotherapy has the potential to hit primary and metachronous colorectal and urothelial cancer in Lynch syndrome

  Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer predisposition characterized by the development of microsatellite-instable tumors, most commonly colorectal and urothelial cancers. These cancers harbor recurrent frameshift mutations (FSMs) that generate shared neoantigens, creating opportunities for targeted immunotherapy. NOUS-209 is a viral-vector–based cancer vaccine encoding 209 of these shared neoantigen peptides. This study investigated the presence and evolution of NOUS-209 target FSMs in Lynch syndrome–associated tumors, revealing their persistence across primary and metachronous cancers and supporting the rationale for NOUS-209 as a preventive immunotherapy.

  Study EGAS50000001336

• Liquid biopsy to identify taxane resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients

  Taxanes are life-prolonging treatments for patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, treatment resistance and lethal disease invariably develops. We here used liquid biopsies to identify and characterize resistance to cabazitaxel using a targeted sequencing panel (PCF-SELECT).

  Study EGAS50000001292

• HNSCC Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade

  HNSCC Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade

  Study EGAS50000001175

• IDH-wildtype untreated human glioblastoma samples (GB-UK cohort), published in Noorani & Haughey et al 2025.

  Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) oncogene amplification is associated with treatment resistance and shorter survival in cancer. Currently, the spatial dynamics of ecDNA, and their evolutionary impact, are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of ecDNA by integrating computational modeling with samples from 94 treatment-naive human IDH wild-type glioblastoma patients. Random ecDNA segregation combined with ecDNA-conferred fitness advantages induce distinct spatial ecDNA copy number patterns which depend on ecDNA oncogenic makeup. EGFR-ecDNAs often reach high copy numbers and confer strong fitness advantages. In contrast, PDGFRA-ecDNAs reach lower copy numbers and confer weaker fitness advantages. EGFR structural variants occur exclusively on ecDNA, arise from and are intermixed with wild-type EGFR-ecDNAs. Computational modeling suggests wild-type and variant EGFR-ecDNAs often accumulate before clonal expansion. Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we confirm that the accumulation of oncogenic ecDNA prior to clonal expansion under strong positive selection is observable both in vivo and in vitro in mouse neural stem cells. Intermixed wild-type and variant ecDNAs remain prevalent at diagnosis, as less fit wild-type ecDNAs hitchhike on strongly selected variant EGFR-ecDNAs. A dN/dS analysis in the Genomics England cohort further suggests positive selection of variants on EGFR-ecDNAs but not PDGFRA-ecDNAs in glioblastoma. Overall, our results suggest ecDNA oncogenic makeup determines unique evolutionary trajectories in glioblastoma. New concepts like ecDNA tumor clonality, ecDNA heteroplasmy and multi-species ecDNAs require a refined evolutionary interpretation of genomic data in a large subset of glioblastoma patients and likely other solid cancers.

  Study EGAS00001008126

• Integration of intra-sample contextual error modeling for improved detection of somatic mutations

  Study EGAS00001003806

• Ultra-Low-Pass Whole Genome Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA for Large B-Cell Lymphoma

  While deep targeted DNA sequencing of liquid biopsies has shown prognostic utility in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), the routine clinical adoption of these assays remains limited due to their high costs. Here, leveraging a well-annotated cohort of encompassing both frontline and relapsed/refractory (R/R) LBCL, we profiled patient plasma samples with two complementary modalities – ultra-low-pass whole genome sequencing (ulpWGS) and deep targeted DNA sequencing, the former being a cost-effective method to profile large scale chromosomal abnormalities and estimate tumor burden. Our findings revealed a strong association of high cell-free tumor burden by both genomic profiling modalities with established measures of tumor burden and patient survival. Notably, the associations with survival remained statistically significant after accounting for international prognostic index scoring. Furthermore, we showed that del(17p) in circulating tumor DNA as detected by ulpWGS was strongly associated with TP53 mutation status and predicted for significantly inferior patient outcome in frontline but not R/R LBCL patients. Our study demonstrates that ulpWGS can provide robust prognostic biomarkers for both frontline and R/R LBCL, highlighting its broad applicability for risk stratification.

  Study EGAS50000001027

• Shifted assembly and function of mSWI/SNF family subcomplexes underlie targetable dependencies in endometriod carcinomas

  The mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) family of chromatin remodelers govern cell type-specific chromatin accessibility and gene expression and assemble as three distinct complexes: canonical BAF (cBAF), Polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF), and non-canonical BAF (ncBAF). ARID1A and ARID1B are paralog subunits that specifically nucleate the assembly of cBAF complexes and are frequently dual deleted in highly aggressive differentiated endometrial carcinomas (DECs). Here, in cellular models and primary human tumors, we find that ARID1A/B-mediated cBAF loss results in increased ncBAF and PBAF biochemical abundance and function genome-wide to maintain the DEC oncogenic signature. Further, treatment of ARID1A/1B-mutant cell lines and PDX models in vivo with a clinical-grade SMARCA4/2 ATPase inhibitor, FHD-286, markedly attenuates cell proliferation and tumor growth, and synergizes with carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Taken together, these findings reveal the oncogenic contributions of shifted of mSWI/SNF family complex abundance and chromatin-level gene regulatory functions and suggest therapeutic utility of mSWI/SNF complex small molecule inhibitors in dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma and other cBAF-disrupted cancer types.

  Study EGAS50000001004

• Re-evaluation of human mitochondrial DNA methylation reveals signals consistent with technical artifacts

  The existence and functional relevance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation remain controversial. We assessed 5mC and 5hmC in human brain, blood, and related cancers using both enzymatic and native DNA sequencing. While nuclear DNA exhibited expected methylation patterns, mtDNA consistently showed negligible methylation levels, indistinguishable from technical noise. Elevated methylation in nuclear-embedded mitochondrial sequences demonstrates a clear potential to confound mtDNA methylation measurements. Furthermore, technical discrepancies in mtDNA methylation were observed, underscoring the need for careful evaluation when interpreting data generated using earlier sequencing workflows. Our findings provide evidence against the presence of 5mC or 5hmC in mtDNA under the physiological and pathological conditions studied.

  Study EGAS50000001186

• BE_screens_of_WRN_gene_in_MSI_models

  We will take advantage of a base-editing screening strategy to engineer mutations in the WRN gene by deep mutagenesis. Two MSI-H cell lines sensitive to WRNi will be genetically modified to express doxycycline-inducible ABE and CBE base editors through a knock-in strategy. Moreover, we will design a pooled library of ~4000 gRNAs targeting the WRN gene plus appropriate controls gRNAs. Library-transduced cells will be selected with WRNi to identify WRN mutations able to interfere with the activity of WRNi.

  Study EGAS00001006872