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• The genomic landscape of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma from immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients reveals common drivers and a novel mutational signature associated with chronic azathioprine exposure

  Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has a high tumour mutational burden (50 mutations per megabase DNA pair). Combining whole exome analyses from 40 primary cSCC tumours, comprising 20 well differentiated and 20 moderately/poorly differentiated tumours, with accompanying clinical data from a longitudinal study of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients, coupled with integration of independent gene expression studies has allowed the identification of commonly mutated genes and altered pathways and processes. Mutational signature analysis revealed the presence of a novel signature (signature 32), which was found exclusively in the tumours from immunosuppressed patients who had been exposed to azathioprine. Characterisation of a panel of 15 keratinocyte cancer cell lines derived from tumours from immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients reveals that they accurately reflect the mutational signatures and genomic alterations of primary tumours and provide a resource for the validation of tumour drivers and therapeutic targets.

  Study EGAS00001002612

• Genome-wide association study identifies common variants associated with breast cancer in South African Black women

  Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have characterized the contribution of common variants to the development of breast cancer (BC) in populations of European descent, however no GWAS have been reported in resident African populations. This GWAS included 2,485 resident African BC cases and 1,101 population matched controls. Two risk loci were identified, one on chromosome 15, located between UNC13C and RAB27A (rs7181788, p = 1.01x10-08) and a second in an intron of USP22 on chromosome 17 (rs899342, p = 4.62x10-08). RAB27A is a member of the RAS oncogene family associated with invasive growth and metastasis, and UNC13C is involved in tumor progression. The rs899342 SNP is an eQTL for expression of USP22 in a wide range of tissues. Several genome-wide significant signals were detected in a hormone receptor subtype analysis. Comparison of a meta-analysis of other African ancestry BC GWAS datasets predominantly of West African ancestry with our South African data showed limited evidence of shared risk loci, suggesting potential heterogeneity in genetic risk factors for breast cancer in different African populations. A European ancestry derived polygenic risk model for BC was applied to our data, explaining only 0.79% of variance, with an area under the curve of 0.56. This study identified genetic risk factors for BC in a resident African population, but larger studies in this and other African populations are needed to further define the contribution of common variants to BC risk.

  Study EGAS00001008032

• Phylogenetic analysis of treatment-naive metastases using whole exome and genome sequencing data

  Metastases are responsible for the majority of cancer related deaths and are often difficult to treat successfully. Even for metastases that occur subsequent to treatment, we do not know whether such relapsing metastases were originally heterogeneous or if the observed heterogeneity is a consequence of therapy. Given that treatment can influence evolutionary dynamics by selecting resistant clones, imposing bottlenecks on cancer cell populations, and even inducing novel somatic mutations, characterizing the prior standing variation among metastases remains an important goal to predict initial therapeutic response. To quantify the heterogeneity at clinical presentation of advanced disease, we surveyed the literature for patients in which at least two treatment-naïve metastases underwent genome/exome-wide sequencing. Across all cancer types surveyed, only 18 subjects were found to fulfill this requirement. Including previously unpublished data from two subjects, we analyzed data of 74 untreated metastases and inferred cancer phylogenies. Putative driver gene mutations were acquired at a 2-fold higher rate on the trunk of all metastases than on branches. Mutations in driver genes along the trunk were strongly enriched for predicted functional consequences. Using a stochastic mathematical model, we find that driver gene heterogeneity among metastases mostly occurs in slowly growing cancers for highly advantageous driver gene mutations. Seeding efficiency only weakly affects the heterogeneity among metastases. These results explain why functional driver gene heterogeneity is uncommon in advanced disease prior to treatment, thus providing optimism for future therapies that depend on mutations across metastases.

  Study EGAS00001002777

• Xenodiagnosis of Lyme Disease

  Ixodes scapularis ticks are an important vector for at least six tick-borne human pathogens, including the predominant North American Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The ability for these ticks to survive in nature is credited, in part, to their ability to feed on a variety of hosts without excessive activation of the proinflammatory branch of the vertebrate immune system. While the ability for nymphal ticks to feed on a variety of hosts has been well-documented, the host-parasite interactions between larval I. scapularis and different vertebrate hosts is relatively unexplored. In our clinical trial, patients with prior Lyme disease who had completed antibiotic therapy were exposed to 25-30 laboratory-reared larval ticks. Skin biopsies were taken before tick placement and/or after ticks were allowed to feed to repletion and we examined the effects on the transcriptional profile of human skin after the larval tick bites. We note pronounced evidence of inflammation in humans.

  Study phs003314

• Detection of Genes Predisposing to Hematologic Malignancies

  We have been conducting genetic studies on families at high risk of different hematologic malignancies, in order to define the related tumors in the families, define precursor and other related conditions, and map and identify susceptibility genes. We have focused mainly on four types of lymphoid malignancies: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). A few families with a rare lymphoma subtype, hairy cell leukemia (HCL) are included. In addition, single large pedigrees with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and juvenile myelomocytic leukemia (JMML) are included. Families are ascertained for having at least two patients with the same hematologic malignancy and are classified by the type of malignancy that predominates in the family. Multiple types of lymphoid malignancies are often found in the same family. Other data has shown that these conditions aggregate together in families. Verification of cancer diagnoses is obtained through medical records, pathology reports, and flow cytometry. Family members with precursor traits are also included, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) in CLL families and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in WM families.

  Study phs001219

• Therapeutic Genetics and Disease Modeling in LAMA2-CMD

  Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene, resulting in a defective form of the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2 (LAMA2). Individuals diagnosed with MDC1A exhibit progressive muscle wasting and declining neuromuscular functions. No treatments for this disorder are currently available. This study involves transcriptomic comparison analysis between MDC1A patient fibroblasts and healthy control fibroblasts to reveal changes in gene expression that contribute to LAMA2 congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD).

  Study phs003250

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): CCDI Pediatric In Vivo Testing Program - Leukemia

  The goal of this study is to molecularly characterize a large panel of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) previously established in immune-deficient mice. These PDXs are utilized as part of the NCI-funded Pediatric Preclinical In vivo Testing (PIVOT) program to identify novel agents and combinations. Biospecimen data include next-generation sequencing (RNAseq, whole exome sequencing, DNA copy number variation), whole-genome analysis of cytogenetic abnormalities, and DNA fingerprint for quality control.

  Study phs003164

• Molecular biomarkers in progression from refractory celiac disease to the lethal cancer variety enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (EATL)

  Enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (EATL) is frequently preceded by a state of refractoriness to the gluten-free diet, called “refractory celiac disease” or RCD. We aim to study which mutations and copy number aberrations are already manifest in RCD and to identify differences between RCD patients that do, and do not, develop EATL. We have applied whole exome sequencing to detect mutations and copy number aberration predictive for progression from RCD to EATL.

  Study EGAS00001006669

• Identifying novel DNA damage response genes in radiosensitive individuals

  Ionizing radiation is an effective therapeutic agent for cancer treatment as well as a potent carcinogen. Sensitivity to the cell-killing effects of radiation can vary across human population with a subset of individuals displaying extreme hypersensitivity. It is usually attributable to inherited defects in DNA damage response pathways. The present study was designed to elucidate the genetic basis of variation in hypersensitivity to radiation exposure through exome sequencing of radiosensitive individuals, with the ultimate goal of identifying genes with the most significant effects on cellular DNA damage responses. The study participants included subjects referred for clinical testing for Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) or Ligase IV Syndrome. These are rare, recessive genetic disorders and hypersensitivity to radiation exposure is a common phenotype among individuals affected by all the three disorders. The study participants exhibited phenotypic characteristics similar to individuals with A-T, NBS or Ligase IV Syndrome, but lacked the causative mutations in ATM (GeneID:472) or NBN (GeneID:4683) genes. For further validation of the radiation sensitivity phenotype among the enrolled subjects, B-lymphoblastoid cells lines were established for each subject from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Each cell line was evaluated for displaying impaired survival rates relative to normal controls after exposure to ionizing radiation. 53 subjects with validated phenotype were finally included in the study and DNA extracted from their B-lymphoblastoid cell lines was used for exome sequencing. This sequencing data for radiation sensitive subjects is being made available in the dbGaP. It is hoped that this resource will be beneficial for researchers who wish to further investigate components of human cellular DNA damage response pathways and/or genetic architecture underlying radiation hypersensitivity. This data may also aid in the rational design of new radiosensitizing or radioprotective agents.

  Study phs001911

• Increased mutation accumulation during fetal development in Down syndrome

  Children with Down syndrome (DS) show a high incidence of leukemia, which is preceded by transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in neonates. TMD is characterized by mutations in GATA1 that accumulate during fetal development, indicating that additional mutagenesis is required for leukemogenesis. Abnormalities in chromosome numbers can result in a mutator phenotype. However, it is unknown whether a trisomy of chromosome 21 (T21) results in enhanced mutation accumulation during human development. Here, we determined the mutational consequences of a constitutive T21 in DS fetuses compared to disomy 21 cells (D21) of D21 fetuses. We found that D21 fetal HPSCs had a higher somatic mutation rate compared to healthy adults HSPCs. Moreover, we observed an increase in somatic mutation load in T21 cells of DS fetuses, which was already apparent during the first cell divisions of embryogenesis. The mutation load could be explained by processes that are active during normal fetal development and were similar to those observed in TMD blast cells. Our study shows that T21 causes an increase in somatic load in fetal cells of DS fetuses, which may contribute to leukemia development early in life.

  Study EGAS00001003982

• Shaping the Genetic Landscape of Northeast India

  The genetic landscape of South Asia is intriguing. In a vast geographical region like India, mostly genes follow geography. Moreover, at neighbouring regions like East and Southeast Asia, language is the major denominator of the genes. However, these are not just the two alternatives, in many geographical pockets, ethnicity plays a stronger role than either of these. Being a crossroad of South and Southeast Asia, the Himalayan region is mostly populated by the people speaking the Trans-Himalayan language. Archaeological and anthropological studies suggest migration and cultural diffusion in this region with the Tibetan plateau in the North. To understand this complex pattern, we have performed a fine-grained genetic analysis of the major Mizo population and its various clans living at the Himalayan geography. We have investigated 110 individuals belonging to seven different clans of Mizo people for hundred thousand of autosomal markers. In contrast to the East and Southeast Asian genetic landscape, our results suggested that the fine-scaled genetic structure of Northeast India is much more complex and mixture of interplay between languages, ethnicity and geography. Allelic frequency-based analyses indicated that a novel Trans-Himalayan ancestry unite all the populations of this region.

  Study EGAS00001008205

• Spatial transcriptomics analysis of triple negative breast cancers

  While triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known to be heterogeneous at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, spatial information on tumor organization and cell composition is still lacking. Here, we investigated TNBC tumor architecture including its microenvironment using spatial transcriptomics on a series of 92 patients. We performed an in-depth characterization of tumor and stroma organization and composition using an integrative approach combining histomorphological and spatial transcriptomics. Furthermore, a detailed molecular characterization of tertiary lymphoid structures led to identify a gene signature strongly associated to disease outcome and response to immunotherapy in several tumor types beyond TNBC. A stepwise clustering analysis identified nine TNBC ecotypes, further validated in external datasets. Several ecotypes were associated with disease outcome and characterized by potentially actionable features. In this work, we provideThis is the largest TNBC series providing a comprehensive insight into the complexity of TNBC ecosystem with potential clinical relevance, opening avenues for treatment tailoring including immunotherapy. All the processed data needed to replicate the results from the publication (counts, images, clinical data, etc) are available on Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/records/14204217

  Study EGAS50000000475

• Interactions between the tumor and the systemic response of breast cancer patients

  Breast cancer (BC) research has largely focused on the molecular properties of the tumor proper. However, to understand how cancer progresses and ultimately modulates patient outcome, we also require an understanding of the molecular changes in the patient systemic response (SR). Toward this end, we generated and analyzed RNA profiles from tumor and matched blood samples in 173 BC patients. We designed a system (MIxT) to explore and link tightly co-expressed gene sets (modules) across matched tissues. The gene composition of modules, and their expression, largely vary across tissues. Distinct patterns of expression in the SR are predominantly detected in highly immunogenic BC subtypes. We also find that the expression pattern of a module in one tissue is correlated to the expression pattern of a module in the other tissue in a fashion that depends on subtype. For example, systemic immunosuppression is detected in basalL patients in a fashion that is proportional to the level of expression of several tumor modules highlighting immune evasion mechanisms active in these particular cancers.

  Study EGAS00001001804

• NHLBI TOPMed - NHGRI CCDG: The Vanderbilt University BioVU Atrial Fibrillation Genetics Study

  Atrial fibrillation (also called AFib or AF) is a quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications. At least 2.7 million Americans are living with AFib. Individuals with early onset atrial fibrillation (AF) are included in this study of cases from the BioVU sample repository. BioVU is Vanderbilt's biobank of DNA extracted from leftover and otherwise discarded clinical blood specimens. BioVU operates as a consented biorepository; all individuals must sign the BioVU consent form in order to donate future specimens. BioVU subjects are de-identified and linked to the Synthetic Derivative enabling researchers to access genetic data/DNA material as well as dense, longitudinal electronic medical record (EMR) information.

  Study phs001624

• Prediction and quantification of splice events from RNA-seq data

  Analysis of splice variants from short read RNA-seq data remains a challenging problem. Here we present a novel method for the genome-guided prediction and quantification of splice events from RNA-seq data, which enables the analysis of unannotated and complex splice events. Splice junctions and exons are predicted from reads mapped to a reference genome and are assembled into a genome-wide splice graph. Splice events are identified recursively from the graph and are quantified locally based on reads extending across the start or end of each splice variant. We assess prediction accuracy based on simulated and real RNA-seq data, and illustrate how different read aligners (GSNAP, HISAT2, STAR, TopHat2) affect prediction results. We validate our approach for quantification based on simulated data, and compare local estimates of relative splice variant usage with those from other methods (MISO, Cufflinks) based on simulated and real RNA-seq data. In a proof-of-concept study of splice variants in 16 normal human tissues (Illumina Body Map 2.0) we identify 249 internal exons that belong to known genes but are not related to annotated exons. Using independent RNA samples from 14 matched normal human tissues, we validate 9/9 of these exons by RT-PCR and 216/249 by paired-end RNA-seq (2 x 250 bp). These results indicate that de novo prediction of splice variants remains beneficial even in well-studied systems. An implementation of our method is freely available as an R/Bioconductor package SGSeq.

  Study EGAS00001001026

• PRE-DETERMINE: Biologic Markers and MRI SCD Cohort Study

  The PRE-DETERMINE Study is a prospective, multi-center study of 5,764 patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and documentation of either a prior myocardial infarction (MI) or mild to moderate left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 35-50%. Patients were enrolled at 136 sites where information on baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, pertinent past medical history, lifestyle habits, cardiac test results, and medications were collected via electronic data capture. Electrocardiograms (ECG) along with a blood sample was also collected at baseline, sent to central laboratories, and stored for future analyses. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) scans were collected on a subset of patients and analyzed. Enrollment closed in November 2013 and patients are now being followed centrally by the Clinical Coordinating Center via mail/phone to document interim non-fatal arrhythmic events and cause-specific mortality. Questionnaires that inquire about intervening implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantations, ICD therapies, cardiac arrest, and other pertinent cardiovascular endpoints are mailed to participants every six months, and follow-up telephone calls are made to non-responders. Study endpoints are being confirmed through review of medical records, interviews with next-of-kin, and autopsy reports, if available.The primary objective of PRE-DETERMINE is to determine whether biologic markers and ECGs can be utilized to advance sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk prediction in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and LVEF >30-35%. The overarching goal of the study is to identify a series of markers that alone or in combination specifically predict risk of arrhythmic death as compared to other causes of mortality among this at risk population of CHD patients with preserved LVEF> 30-35%. If biologic or ECG markers are identified that can specifically predict risk of ventricular arrhythmias, then these markers may serve as relatively inexpensive methods to identify those at risk. The public health impact of identifying markers could be quite substantial, leading to more efficient utilization of ICDs and advances in our understanding of mechanisms underlying SCD.Among the 95% of participants that provided a blood sample at baseline, genome wide genotyping using the Illumina Global Screening Array (GSA) has been performed. A total of 4,335 participants with European ancestry gave consent that allows genetic research and deposition of data into dbGaP.

  Study phs002940

• Comprehensive genomic analysis of colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability

  Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancers (CRCs) account for 10?15% of all CRCs. MSI-H CRC is characterized by a large number of somatic insertions/deletions (indels) resulting from either mutations within or the silencing of genes involved in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system. A subset of MSI-H CRCs is associated with Lynch syndrome (LS), which is caused by germline MMR gene mutations, leading to hereditary cancer predisposition. Other than frequent somatic mutations in BRAF, the transformation mechanisms underlying MSI-H CRC are largely unknown. Here, genomic DNA from 149 MSI-H CRC specimens was analyzed using whole-exome sequencing, and 93 of these samples were subjected to genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on 111 samples. Genomic/epigenomic analyses identified three subgroups within our cohort: (1) MSI-H CRCs with silenced MLH1 that share frequent indels, a specific mutation/copy number alteration profile and promoter DNA methylation; (2) LS-associated MSI-H CRCs with MMR genes containing germline mutations; and (3) the remaining MSI-H CRCs with frequent somatic disruptive mutations of MLH1 or MSH2. Unexpectedly, only the first group was found to frequently carry fusion-type protein kinases (15% of this group and 9.9% of all MSI-H CRCs) that are promising therapeutic targets. Thus, MSI-H CRCs can be classified into three subgroups with distinctive genomic as well as epigenomic statuses, probably reflecting the oncogenic processes of these cancers. Fusion-type kinases are enriched in MSI-H CRCs, shedding new light on potential treatment strategies.

  Study JGAS000113

• Genome-Wide Analysis for Addiction Susceptibility Genes

  Genome wide analysis for addiction susceptibility genes is an affected sibling pair linkage study using subjects who were patients in methadone replacement treatment programs (MMTP). Such patients are highly addicted to opioids and usually to other addicting substances as well. For entry into the programs, patients had to be at least 18 years of age and had to satisfy DSM-IV criteria for opioid dependence. Despite their common substance use disorder diagnosis, patients enrolled in MMTPs generally have a heterogeneous mix of co-morbid psychiatric disorders including anti-social personality disorder, major depression and anxiety disorders, and often satisfy DSM-IV criteria of substance use disorders other than opioid dependence. Genetic analysis was carried out using genotyping data obtained from a 10K SNP array, and non-parametric linkage was assessed using MERLIN. This resulted in the identification of a linkage peak on 14q that overlapped the NRXN3 gene (neurexin 3), which was previously identified as a potential candidate gene for addiction, and subsequently identified as a target gene in other addiction studies and autism. In version 2 of this study, a text file containing 7704 SNPs with large allele frequency discrepancy as compared to 1000 Genomes is included. Users have the option to exlude these 7704 SNPs.

  Study phs001266

• How are we funded?

  How are we funded? The EGA is provided infrastructure, administrative support, advisory input, and other relevant and necessary aspects by: CRG The EGA at the CRG is funded and supported by “La Caixa Foundation”, The Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Government), the Spanish Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital (Spanish Government) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The Generalitat de Catalunya contributes with funding to the CRG and to the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC). The Barcelona Supercomputing Center is decisively contributing to EGA by providing the required compute, storage and networking resources, as well as key personnel for shared operations of EGA infrastructure. EMBL-EBI As part of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), the EGA at EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute receives funding from the governments of EMBL’s member states. The UK government, via UK Research and Innovation, also continues to support EMBL-EBI technical infrastructure, with EMBL supporting operational costs. A major source of funding for the EGA both at CRG and EMBL-EBI are competitive projects.The EGA resource continues to be funded through strategic engagement in collaborative partnerships and projects. Please see our projects page for more information. Other funders include the European Commission, the US National Institutes of Health, the Wellcome Trust, UK Research Councils, and our Industry Programme partners. Last updated on October, 2024.

  Documentation about/projects-and-funders/funders

• Conserved interferon-gamma signaling and decreased immune exclusion programs in responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy_CM38-RNA

  We analyzed baseline and on-therapy tumor biopsies from 101 patients with advanced melanoma treated with nivolumab (anti-PD-1) alone or combined with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4). Analysis of whole transcriptome data showed that T cell infiltration and interferon-gamma signaling signatures corresponded most highly with clinical response to therapy, with a reciprocal decrease in cell cycle and WNT signaling pathways in responding biopsies. Clinical outcome differences were likely not due to differential melanoma cell responses to interferon-gamma, as 57 human melanoma cell lines exposed in vitro to this cytokine showed a conserved interferon-gamma transcriptome response unless they had mutations that precluded signaling from the interferon-gamma receptor. Therefore, the magnitude of the antitumor T cell response and the corresponding downstream interferon-gamma signaling are the main drivers of clinical response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001006282

• Conserved interferon-gamma signaling and decreased immune exclusion programs in responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy_CM38-DNA

  We analyzed baseline and on-therapy tumor biopsies from 101 patients with advanced melanoma treated with nivolumab (anti-PD-1) alone or combined with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4). Analysis of whole transcriptome data showed that T cell infiltration and interferon-gamma signaling signatures corresponded most highly with clinical response to therapy, with a reciprocal decrease in cell cycle and WNT signaling pathways in responding biopsies. Clinical outcome differences were likely not due to differential melanoma cell responses to interferon-gamma, as 57 human melanoma cell lines exposed in vitro to this cytokine showed a conserved interferon-gamma transcriptome response unless they had mutations that precluded signaling from the interferon-gamma receptor. Therefore, the magnitude of the antitumor T cell response and the corresponding downstream interferon-gamma signaling are the main drivers of clinical response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001006284

• Whole Genome Sequencing of Neuroblastoma

  Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumour of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. The pathogenesis has for a long time been quite enigmatic, as only very few gene defects were identified in this often lethal tumour1. Frequently detected gene alterations are limited to MYCN amplification (20%) and ALK activations (7%)2-5. Here we present a whole genome sequence analysis of 87 neuroblastoma of all stages. Only few recurrent amino-acid changing mutations were found. In contrast, analysis of structural defects identified in 18% of high stage neuroblastoma a local shredding of chromosomes, known as chromothripsis6. These tumours are associated with a poor outcome. Structural alterations recurrently affected ODZ3, PTPRD and CSMD1, which are involved in neuronal growth cone stabilization7-9. In addition, ATRX, TIAM1 and a series of regulators of the Rac Rho pathway were mutated, further implicating defects in neuritogenesis in neuroblastoma. Most tumors with defects in these genes were aggressive high stage neuroblastoma, but did not carry MYCN amplifications. The genomic landscape of neuroblastoma therefore reveals two novel molecular defects, chromotripsis and neuritogenesis gene alterations, which frequently occur in high risk tumors.

  Study EGAS00001000222

• Molecular patterns of response and treatment failure after frontline venetoclax combinations in older patients with AML

  This study assessed molecular determinants of response in a cohort of patients with AML that were treated with venetoclax in combination with either DNA methyltransferase inhibitors or low dose cytarabine. RNA sequencing was performed on 31 patients from three different response classes [10 Group A - Durable remission (n=10), Group B - Relapsed (n=10) and Group C - Refractory (n=11)]. Library preparation and sequencing was performed at the Australian Genome Research Facility, using the Truseq Stranded mRNA library kit. Technical and batch replicate samples are included, and these replicates are designated in the sample name. Gene count data are provided with the original publication. The use of the sequencing data is subject to a data transfer agreement and is restricted to ethically approved research into blood cell malignancies and cannot be used to assess germline variants.

  Study EGAS00001003820

• Genotyping NIGMS Chromosomal Aberration and Inherited Disorder Samples

  As part of an effort to correlate molecular copy number variation determinations with state of the art karyotype analyses, 716 samples derived from 697 individuals from the Chromosomal Aberrations and Inherited Disorders collections of the NIGMS Human Genetic Cell Repository were genotyped and analyzed for CNV determination by the Microarray Center at the Coriell Institute for Medical Research. Karyotyping is performed on all cell cultures in the Repository with reported chromosome abnormalities. The samples chosen for genotyping in this study are intended to represent a diverse set of copy number variants, but the selection was also weighted to over-sample commonly manifested types of aberrations. When available, the ISCN description of the sample based on G-banding and FISH analysis is included in the phenotypic data. Karyotypes for these cells can be viewed in the online Repository catalog (http://ccr.coriell.org/Sections/Collections/NIGMS/?SsId=8).

  Study phs000269

• Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test

  Earlier detection is key to reducing cancer deaths. Here we describe a blood test that can detect eight common cancer types through assessment of the levels of circulating proteins and mutations in cell-free DNA. We applied this test, called CancerSEEK, to 1,005 patients with clinically detected cancers of the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectum, lung, or breast. CancerSEEK tests were positive in a median of 70% of the eight cancer types. The sensitivities ranged from 69% to 98% for the detection of five cancer types (ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, and esophagus) for which there are no screening tests available for average-risk individuals. The specificity of CancerSEEK was > 99%: only 7 of 812 healthy controls scored positive. In addition, CancerSEEK localized the cancer to a small number of anatomic sites in a median of 83% of the patients.

  Study EGAS00001002764