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• Mechanism and Response of Thymoglobulin in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

  In people with MDS, the bone marrow stops making healthy blood cells and instead produces poorly functioning, malformed, and immature blood cells. This can lead to anemia resulting from too few healthy red blood cells, infection resulting from too few healthy white blood cells, and bleeding resulting from too few healthy platelets. The exact cause of MDS remains unknown, but it may be caused by abnormal autoimmune activity in which activated T cells, a type of white blood cell, prevent normal bone marrow production. ATG, a medication that inhibits immune function, can restore normal blood production in some people with MDS, but it is not known how this happens and why it does not happen in all MDS patients. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of ATG in adults with MDS and to determine which individuals with MDS are most likely to benefit from treatment with ATG. Based on disease severity and likely disease progression, participants will be separated into either a high-risk group or a low-risk group. Participants will be hospitalized for a 4-day period during which they will receive daily infusions of ATG. Oral prednisone will be given 2 days before hospitalization, throughout hospitalization, and then for 14 days after hospitalization to limit the side effects of ATG. Antihistamines and acetaminophen will also be given during hospitalization to reduce the chances of an allergic reaction to ATG. After discharge, all participants will attend monthly study visits that will include blood collection, review of disease symptoms, and evaluation of medication response. At Week 16, participants in the high-risk group will undergo additional blood collection, a bone marrow biopsy, and a thorough evaluation of disease progression and the effects of MDS on daily living abilities. Participants in the low-risk group will undergo these same procedures at Week 24. Follow-up for all participants may last up to 2 years.

  Study phs000697

• Heart Failure Network - Effectiveness of Ultrafiltration in Treating People with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Cardiorenal Syndrome (HFN CARRESS - BioLINCC)

  ObjectiveThe CARRESS trial examined the effectiveness of ultrafiltration compared with a strategy of diuretic-based stepped pharmacologic therapy on renal function and weight loss in patients with heart failure who have worsening renal function and persistent congestion.BackgroundAcute cardiorenal syndrome is defined as worsening renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. It occurs in 25 to 33% of patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Current heart failure treatments focus on removing excess fluid buildup, however administration of intravenous diuretics may contribute to worsening renal function. Venovenous ultrafiltration is one alternative therapy that may be effective in patients with acute decompensated heart failure complicated by acute cardiorenal syndrome and persistent congestionSubjectsA total of 188 patients were randomized.DesignHospitalized subjects were randomly assigned to receive either ultrafiltration therapy or pharmacologic therapy. Ultrafiltration was performed at a fluid-removal rate of 200 ml per hour and loop diuretics were discontinued for the duration of the intervention. The addition of intravenous vasodilators or positive inotropic agents was prohibited, unless they were deemed to be necessary as rescue therapy. Patients assigned to stepped pharmacologic therapy received intravenous diuretics to manage congestion and maintain a urine output of 3 to 5 liters per day. In both groups, the assigned treatment strategy was to be continued until the signs and symptoms of congestion in the patient were reduced as much as possible. The primary end points were baseline changes in serum creatinine and weight as assessed at 96 hours after treatment assignment.ConclusionsThe use of a stepped pharmacologic-therapy algorithm was superior to a strategy of ultrafiltration for the preservation of renal function, and there was a similar amount of weight loss between the two groups. Ultrafiltration was associated with a higher rate of adverse events (Bart, et al., 2012, PMID: 23131078).

  Study phs003510

• Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R): Framingham Heart Study (FHS)

  Cohort DescriptionIn 1948, the researchers recruited 5,209 men and women between the ages of 30 and 62 from the town of Framingham, Massachusetts, and began the first round of extensive physical examinations and lifestyle interviews that they would later analyze for common patterns related to CVD development. Since 1948, the subjects have returned to the study every two years for an examination consisting of a detailed medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, and in 1971, the study enrolled a second-generation cohort -- 5,124 of the original participants' adult children and their spouses -- to participate in similar examinations. The second examination of the Offspring cohort occurred eight years after the first examination, and subsequent examinations have occurred approximately every four years thereafter. In 1994, the need to establish a new study reflecting a more diverse community of Framingham was recognized, and the first Omni cohort of the Framingham Heart Study, consisting of 506 participants, was enrolled. In April 2002 4095 third generation of participants, the grandchildren of the original cohort, were added. In 2003, 103 spouses of the offspring Cohort (NOS), and a second group of 410 Omni participants were enrolled. Through 2019, the original cohort has completed a total of 32 exams, the Offspring cohort 9 exams, the OMNI1 cohort 4 exams, and GEN3, NOS and OMNI2 cohorts each have completed 3 exams. The FHS is a joint project of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and Boston University.Data Being Submitted Wave 1 questionnaire data includes 3967 variables for up to 3112 FHS participants in C4R.Wave 2 questionnaire data includes 448 variables for up to 2337 FHS participants in C4R.Dried Blood Spot/Serosurvey data includes 7 variables for up to 2189 FHS participants in C4R.Derived data includes 43 variables for up to 3151 FHS participants in C4R.Phenotype data includes 113 variables for up to 3151 FHS participants in C4R.

  Study phs002911

• POU4F3 mutation screening in Japanese hearing loss patients.

  A variant in a transcription factor gene, POU4F3, is responsible for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss, DFNA15. To date, 14 variants, including a whole deletion of POU4F3, have been reported to cause HL in various ethnic groups. In the present study, genetic screening for POU4F3 variants was carried out for a large series of Japanese hearing loss (HL) patients to clarify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of DFNA15 in the Japanese population. Massively parallel DNA sequencing of 68 target candidate genes was utilized in 2,549 unrelated Japanese HL patients (probands) to identify genomic variations responsible for HL. The detailed clinical features in patients with POU4F3 variants were collected from medical charts and analyzed. Novel 12 POU4F3 likely pathogenic variants (six missense variants, three frameshift variants, and three nonsense variants) were successfully identified in 15 probands (2.5%) among 602 families exhibiting autosomal dominant HL, whereas no variants were detected in the other 1,947 probands with autosomal recessive or inheritance pattern unknown HL. To obtain the audiovestibular configuration of the patients harboring POU4F3 variants, we collected audiograms and vestibular symptoms of the probands and their affected family members. Audiovestibular phenotypes in a total of 24 individuals from the 15 families possessing variants were characterized by progressive HL, with a large variation in the onset age and severity with or without vestibular symptoms observed. Pure-tone audiograms indicated the most prevalent configuration as mid-frequency HL type followed by high-frequency HL type, with asymmetry observed in approximately 20% of affected individuals. Analysis of the relationship between age and pure-tone average suggested that individuals with truncating variants showed earlier onset and slower progression of HL than did those with non-truncating variants. The present study showed that variants in POU4F3 were a common cause of autosomal dominant HL.

  Study JGAS000093

• In this study, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-forming brain endothelial-like cells were generated from apolipoprotein E gene allele E4 (APOE4, high AD risk) and allele E3 (APOE3, lower AD risk) carrying patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Cells were subsequently exposed to focused ultrasound and microbubbles (FUS+MB) to induce BBB opening and their transcriptome analysed. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results demonstrated minimal changes in the gene expression following FUS+MB suggesting safety of FUS+MB application in the clinical setting.

  The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major impediment to therapeutic intracranial drug delivery for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Focused ultrasound applied together with microbubbles (FUS+MB) is a novel technique to transiently open the BBB and increase drug delivery. Evidence suggests that FUS+MB is safe, however the effects of FUS+MB on human BBB cells, especially in relation to AD, remain sparsely investigated. Here we developed a human sporadic AD BBB cell platform to investigate the effects of FUS+MB on BBB cells and screen for the delivery of two potentially therapeutic AD antibodies. We generated BBB cells from apolipoprotein E gene allele E4 (APOE4, high AD risk) and allele E3 (APOE3, lower AD risk) carrying patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We utilized this robust and reproducible platform to demonstrate increased delivery of potentially therapeutic antibodies across the BBB, including an analogue of Aducanumab (AduhelmTM) following FUS+MB treatment. Our results also demonstrate the safety of FUS+MB indicated by minimal changes in the cell transcriptome as well as little or no changes in cell viability and inflammatory responses within first 24 h post FUS+MB, with potentially important implications in a clinical setting. Finally, we report a more physiologically relevant hydrogel-based 2.5D BBB model as a key development for FUS+MB-mediated drug delivery screening, with potentially higher translational utility. Our results provide an important advancement for identifying FUS+MB-deliverable drugs and screening for cell- and patient-specific effects of FUS+MB, accelerating its use as a therapy in AD.

  Study EGAS00001005944

• Genomic profiling of paediatric high grade gliomas from the HERBY clinical trial

  The HERBY trial was a phase-II open-label, randomised, multicentre trial evaluating bevacizumab in patients with newly-diagnosed non-brainstem high grade glioma (HGG) between the ages of 3-18yrs. 121 patients were randomised with 1yr event-free survival as the primary end-point. Confirmation of HGG diagnosis by reference pathology was mandatory before randomisation, followed by review with five independent expert neuropathologists. We collected specimens from 89 patients consenting to translational research, and performed Sanger sequencing for H3F3A, Illumina 450K BeadArray methylation profiling, and whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing where possible. 7/89 patients (8%) harboured H3F3A G34R/V mutations, whilst 24/89 (27%) harboured H3F3A K27M, the latter reflecting a high proportion of the novel entity recognised in the 2016 WHO classification of diffuse midline glioma with H3K27M mutation. Both histone mutations conferred a significantly shorter progression-free (p=0.0104) and overall survival (p=0.00159). 450K methylation subtyping additionally identified a number of subgroups in histone wild-type cases. These included infrequent (4/86, 4.6%) cases with IDH1 mutation in older children, further categorised into astrocytic ATRX-mutant (n=3) or 1p19q co-deleted with TERT promoter mutation (n=1). 9/74, (12%) of cases were classified as biologically resembling pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) by methylation profiling, with 5/9 harbouring BRAF V600E mutations and epithelioid histology, and 3/9 NF1 mutation and giant cell features. Three cases had methylation profiles more closely resembling low grade gliomas, though were morphologically high grade, and harboured MAPK dysregulation in two cases, with the third part of an additional infant (<3yrs) cohort. Finally, four cases had a mutational burden several orders of magnitude higher than the rest, with (2197-5332) somatic coding variants/sample reflecting a hypermutator phenotype. These data provide an important insight into the wide biological diversity of ‘HGG’ found in the paediatric age group and allow for a profound refinement of clinical trial interpretation.

  Study EGAS00001002328

• Assessing the impact of low frequency coding variants on disease risk using the Exomechip

  Following several rounds of Genome Wide Association (GWA) scans and subsequent meta-analyses of results multiple risk loci have been identified for many common diseases. However, in most instances the implicated common variants identified so far explain only a modest fraction of the genetic risk. In parallel to our efforts to identify the causative variants in the known loci it is necessary to assess the full spectrum of sequence variants for disease risk and in particular low frequency and rare variants that have not been tested in a comprehensive way so far. To this end an international effort by investigators who have performed whole exome sequencing in circa 12,000 individuals have assembled a set of ~250,000 exonic variants of low frequency – defined as seen in at least two studies and a minimum of three individuals (non-sysnonymous) or two individuals for SNPs altering splice sites / stop codons. The SNP content from the exome studies was complemented with additional interesting SNP sets totalling 25,000 markers (GWA tag SNPs, grid of common variants, HLA, Mitochondrial, Y-chromosome etc) and were used to generate a custom iSELECT array, the exome chip. Adequately powered association studies to test low frequency variants for association to disease risk are still very expensive if conducted by whole exome sequencing. The exome chip provides a cost efficient way to undertake such an experiment and the Wellcome Trust Cases Control Consortium will be applying this approach to eight diseases, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar, and ankylosing spondylitis. The first objective will be to generate a large set of at least 10,000 common UK controls as analysis of lower frequency variants will require large sample sizes. This includes ~6000 samples from the 1958 Birth Cohort.

  Study EGAS00001000584

• Exome Sequencing to Define the Landscape of Plasma Cells in Systemic Light chain Amyloidosis

  Systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin light chains as amyloid fibrils in different organs, where they form toxic protein aggregates. The underlying disease is a plasma cell disorder, but limited whole exome data are available. We report the findings of an exome sequencing study in AL to define a plasma cell signature and compare this to monoclonal gammopathy of undefined significance (MGUS) and myeloma (MM). Twenty-four samples from unselected newly diagnosed untreated AL patients were analysed. CD138+ cells were isolated from bone marrow cells using MACSorting (Miltenyi Biotech, Bisley, UK). Cells were lysed in RLT+ buffer and DNA/RNA extracted using the AllPrep kit (Qiagen, Manchester, UK). Peripheral blood was isolated from patients, white blood cells purified by Ficoll-Pacque and DNA extracted using the QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen). There were a median of 47 acquired nonsynonymous variants (range 4-253) per patient. Thirty percent of patients yielded a mutation in a myeloma driver gene. These mutations were either clonal or sub-clonal. There was evidence of MAPK activation with NRAS mutations, NF-κB activation and DNA repair pathway alterations. Exome data were used to determine the cytogenetic groups of AL samples and identified hyperdiploidy in 33% of cases and t(11;14) in 33% of cases. All translocations were generated via class switch recombination and breakpoints on chromosome 11 fell into the expected regions. A novel translocation, unlikely to be driving disease progression was identified involving RCC1. Finally, further analysis of the APCS gene encoding for the SAP protein did not show any biased genotype in the AL population in comparison to the general population. We conclude that exome sequencing identifies a genetic make-up of AL that is similar to other plasma cell disorders such as MM and MGUS. This not only includes copy number abnormalities and translocations but also nonsynonymous mutations.

  Study EGAS00001001418

• UK10K_NEURO_ASD_FI

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches.These samples are a subset of a nationwide collection of Finnish autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples. The samples have been collected from Central Hospitals across Finland in collaboration with the University of Helsinki. The samples consist of 93 individuals with a diagnosis of autistic disorder or Asperger syndrome from 36 families with at least two affected individuals. Of these individuals, 16 can be genealogically connected to form two large pedigrees originating from Central Finland, suggesting possible genetic risk factors shared identical by descent within the pedigrees. All diagnoses are based on ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ASDs. Additional phenotypic data is available for a subset of the individuals.For further information with regard to this cohort please contact Aarno Palotie (Aarno.palotie@helsinki.fi).

  Study EGAS00001000110

• Multiple Myeloma Total Therapy trial patient sequencing

  The study of multiple myeloma (MM) genomics has identified many abnormalities that are associated with poor progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Copy number abnormalities have been extensively studied in many datasets with long follow-up, however, the prognostic impact of mutations have not been extensively studied and available datasets have generally had a relatively short follow-up. These analyses have identified a range of mutations that are associated with prognosis, making it important to extend these observations in larger studies with robust diagnostic technologies. Samples from newly diagnosed MM patients enrolled in Total Therapy trials (n=225) were sequenced on a targeted panel consisting of 140 genes and additional regions of interest for copy number, as well as tiling of the Ig and MYC loci for detection of translocations. Samples were sequenced to a median depth of 452x using 2x75 bp paired end reads. Reads were aligned to hg19 and mutations called using Strelka and filtered with fpfilter. Translocations were called by Manta, and copy number determined by read depth ratio and loss of heterozygosity comparison with a patient matched non-tumor sample. DNA was obtained from either CD138+ cells from the bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients (tumor) or from stem cell harvests or peripheral blood cells from the same patient (control). 100 ng of DNA was fragmented, end-repaired, and adapters ligated using the HyperPlus kit (KAPA Biosystems). After PCR amplification the libraries were hybridized with probes against either a targeted panel consisting of 140 genes and chromosomal regions (Nimblegen) using SeqCap reagents (Nimblegen). Hybridized libraries underwent further amplification before being sequenced on a NextSeq500 (Illumina) using 75 bp paired end reads There are 450 (225 tumor and 225 germline) samples in this study. 263 are available as part of this dataset. The remaining 187 are available with dataset accession id EGAD00001004117.

  Study EGAS00001003223

• Somatic copy number alteration and fragmentation analysis in circulating tumor DNA for cancer screening and treatment monitoring in colorectal cancer patients

  Background: Analysis of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising tool for personalized management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Untargeted cfDNA analysis using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) does not need a priori knowledge of the patient´s mutation profile. Methods: Here we established LIquid biopsy Fragmentation, Epigenetic signature and Copy Number Alteration analysis (LIFE-CNA) using WGS with ~6x coverage for detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in CRC patients as a marker for CRC detection and monitoring. Results: We describe the analytical validity and a clinical proof-of-concept of LIFE-CNA using a total of 259 plasma samples collected from 50 patients with stage I-IV CRC and 61 healthy controls. To reliably distinguish CRC patients from healthy controls, we determined cutoffs for the detection of ctDNA based on global and regional cfDNA fragmentation patterns, transcriptionally active chromatin sites, and SCNAs. We further combined global and regional fragmentation pattern into a machine learning classifier to accurately predict ctDNA for cancer detection. By following individual patients throughout their course of disease, we show that LIFE-CNA enables the reliable prediction of response or resistance to treatment up to 3.5 months before commonly used CEA. Conclusion: In summary, we developed and validated a sensitive and cost-effective method for untargeted ctDNA detection at diagnosis as well as for treatment monitoring of all CRC patients based on genetic as well as non-genetic tumor-specific cfDNA features. Thus, once sensitivity and specificity have been externally validated, LIFE-CNA has the potential to be implemented into clinical practice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to consider multiple genetic and non-genetic cfDNA features in combination with ML classifiers and to evaluate their potential in both cancer detection and treatment monitoring.

  Study EGAS00001006490

• The mutational landscape and its longitudinal dynamics in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma

  In classical Hodgkin-lymphoma (cHL), only a few cases recur, and only a limited fraction of patients is primary-refractory to standard-polychemotherapy. Underlying genomic features of unfavorable clinical courses remain sparsely characterized. Here, we investigated the genomic characteristics of primary-refractory/relapsed cHL in contrast with long-term-responders (LTR). In total, data from 84 samples were submitted.

  Study EGAS50000000149

• Rearrangements of the MAST Kinase and Notch Gene Families in Breast Cancer

  Paired-end transcriptome sequencing was performed on a panel of breast cancer cell lines and tissues and a set of benign cell line and tissue controls. Analyses of the paired end sequences were performed and chimeric transcripts derived from gene rearrangement events were identified. Sequencing was performed on Illumina GAII and HiSeq 2000 platforms with read lengths from 40 to 100 bases.

  Study phs000513

• Developmental Dynamics of Translation in the Human Brain

  We performed ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing from a total of 43 adult brain and 30 prenatal brain samples. The age of adult brain donors ranged from 18 to 82 years (average 39.5 years), with an average post-mortem interval of 9.9 hours. The gestational age of prenatal cortex samples ranged from 12 to 23 weeks, with a mean of 19.9 weeks. 

  Study phs002489

• Replication data for RNA-SEQUENCING: A RELIABLE TOOL TO UNVEIL TRANSCRIPTIONAL LANDSCAPE OF PAEDIATRIC B-OTHER ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA

  This dataset contains the raw data of the RNA-seq experiments described in the paper "RNA-Sequencing: a reliable tool to unveil transcriptional landscape of pediatric B-other acute lymphoblastic leukemia" It contains the raw data from 60 pediatric patients diagnosed with B cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia lacking the main genetic alterations. RNA material was extracted from bone marrow or periphereal blood and RNA libraries were prepared using Illumina® TruSeq™ stranded mRNA kit following manufacturer's instructions and were sequenced in a NextSeq 550 using a v2 HighOutput 150 cycle kit 2x75bp. Funding: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), PI21/00213 

  Dataset EGAD50000000981

• Harnessing the Electronic Health Record to Predict Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Sangre Por Salud (SPS) Biobank GWAS Data

  These data are from subjects in the Sangre Por Salud (SPS) Biobank, a Latino population from the Southwest United States. Subjects were genotyped in 2 batches on the Illumina Multi-ethnic Global Array. Data from this study were used for testing a new cardiovascular risk score and evaluating polygenic risk scores. SPS biobank GWAS data is available on 3699 subjects.

  Study phs003553

• Human Cancer-Targeted Immunity via Transgenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Progeny

  Analysis of a patient biopsy from the clinical trial (NCT03240861), a first-in-human study of transgenic NY-ESO-1 TCR- T cells and NY-ESO-1 TCR+ sr39tk autologous hematopoietic stem cells tandem therapy for solid tumors after myeloablative conditioning chemotherapy with busulfan and fludarabine. Single-cell RNAseq and single-cell ATACseq analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from subject NYSCT-03.

  Study phs003898

• Identification of New Therapeutic Targets for Renal Medullary Carcinoma via Integrated Genomic and Transcriptomic Profiling

  Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare, aggressive kidney cancer associated with sickle cell trait, characterized by SMARCB1 loss and resistance to conventional therapies used for other renal cell carcinomas (RCC). We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on RMC samples. This study provides a large molecular characterization of RMC, highlighting TROP2 and other cell surface markers as promising therapeutic targets.

  Study EGAS50000001280

• POT1_splice_site_mutant_analysis

  We are interested in the contribution mutations in the Shelterin complex protein POT1 may have to the development of melanoma. We have identified a patient who carries a splice site mutation in POT1 and as part of our analysis of this gene we aim to sequence the transcriptome of this patient to see how this mutation influences splicing. RNA has been obtained from lymphocytes collected from the patient.

  Study EGAS00001000571

• Whole genome landscape of 25 metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cSCC patients

  whole genome sequencing on lymph node metastases and blood DNA from 25 cSCC patients with regional metastases of the head and neck. We designed a multifaceted computational analysis at the whole genome level to provide a more comprehensive perspective of the genomic landscape of metastatic cSCC. This study contains the majority of 15 samples which are previously submitted in EGAC00001001100.

  Study EGAS00001006378

• Imaging metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer using hyperpolarized 13C-MRI

  Higher 13C-lactate labeling was seen in the more aggressive tumors, including all triple negative breast cancers. There was a significant correlation between lactate labeling and expression of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1), which mediates tumor cell pyruvate uptake, and a weaker correlation with expression of LDHA, which catalyzes label exchange between the injected pyruvate and the endogenous lactate pool.

  Study EGAS00001004118

• 16S rRNA gene amplification and maternal factors

  Human breast milk contains a diverse community of bacteria but factors that produce variation in the breast milk microbiome are largely unknown. We evaluated if 1) maternal factors including breastfeeding practices modified the diversity and abundance of bacterial communities in breast milk and 2) if subclinical mastitis (SCM), an asymptomatic inflammatory condition occurring during lactation, induced a distinctive microbiota signature.

  Study EGAS00001003044

• Congenital_anosmia_2

  Congenital anosmias can be complete (the lack of a sense of smell) or specific (the inability to detect specific smells). Here we obtained genomic DNA from families with multiple individuals with anosmia, suggesting they are congenital. These include those inherited in a manner consistent with dominant and recessive alleles. We have sequenced the exomes of both affected and unaffected family members on the Illumina platform.

  Study EGAS00001001429

• Transcriptomes_of_human_lymphocytes

  In this study we will compare the single cell transcriptomes of immune cells from asthmatics responding to steroids, those refractory to steroids, and a control population.This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001755

• Total RNAseq in the sporadic ALS and healthy control motor cortex

  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons leading to progressive muscle weakness, wasting and paralysis that result in death within a few years from disease onset. In order to characterize RNA alterations in ALS, total RNAseq was performed in the ALS motor cortex, which is an early and vulnerable region in ALS.

  Study EGAS00001004286