16352 results for "free fc coins and points Visit Buyfc26coins.com Alennukset toistuvista ostoista..p4v2"

in 229.34 milliseconds.

• Mapping genetic variants underlying gene regulation in healthy intestinal cell types to identify novel IBD drug targets

  Biopsies from the terminal ileum and rectum of healthy individuals are digested on ice to single cells and processed for single-cell RNA-sequencing (10X Genomics and Illumina) This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/.

  Dataset EGAD00001006331

• Acute myeloid leukemia single cell RNA-seq (Diagnosis and Relapse)

  To gain insight into the clonal heterogeneity of diagnosis (Dx) and relapse (Re) pairs, we employed single-cell RNA-seq (SORT-seq) to longitudinally profile two t(8;21) (AML1-ETO = RUNX1-RUNX1T1), and four FLT3-ITD AML cases. All the samples are Bone marrow aspirates.

  Dataset EGAD00001008373

• Whole exome sequencing data of germline and two independent primary leukemias of five patients

  The contribution of genetic predisposing factors to the development of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most frequently diagnosed cancer in childhood, has not been fully elucidated. Children presenting with multiple de novo leukemias are more likely to suffer from genetic predisposition. Here, we selected five of these patients and analyzed the mutational spectrum of normal and malignant tissues.

  Dataset EGAD00001002266

• Sequencing data for study Dissociation of solid tumour tissues with cold active protease for single-cell RNA-seq minimizes conserved collagenase-associated stress responses for library TENX024_SA604X9XB02417_001

  Single-cell RNA-sequencing data generated using the 10X genomics chromium platform, comprising patient derived xenograft, cell line, and primary tumour data. This includes different digestion conditions (37C collagenase vs 6C cold protease) and FACS sorting for live, dying, and dead cells. 12 samples; filetype=fastq

  Dataset EGAD00001005147

• Sequencing data for study Dissociation of solid tumour tissues with cold active protease for single-cell RNA-seq minimizes conserved collagenase-associated stress responses for library TENX019_SA604X7XB02089_001

  Single-cell RNA-sequencing data generated using the 10X genomics chromium platform, comprising patient derived xenograft, cell line, and primary tumour data. This includes different digestion conditions (37C collagenase vs 6C cold protease) and FACS sorting for live, dying, and dead cells. 36 samples; filetype=fastq

  Dataset EGAD00001005150

• Oxidative phosphorylation is a key ontogenetic feature of monocyte immunometabolism promoting myeloid differentiation after birth

  The dataset consists of 12 samples of monocytes, which were analyzed using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). These samples were categorized into four distinct groups, each comprising three samples. The dataset was designed to investigate the transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of monocytes across different age groups and stimulation conditions. 3 neonatal controls, 3 neonatal LPS stimulated, 3 adult controls and 3 adult LPS stimulated samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001011340

• Exome sequence of probands in Barrett's oesophagus families

  Barrett?s oesophagus is common in the UK affecting 2 % of the population. Family history has been recorded among the 4000 Barrett's cases collected so far and have 241 families. Among them we have assessed 6 multiplex families with proven Barrett?s and defined as having 1 pro band and at least 3 affected first degree members. We propose to exome sequence the probands of these six families to assess the presence of pathogenic rare coding variants.

  Dataset EGAD00001002181

• Transcriptome profiling of prostate tissue samples from early onset prostate cancer patients and normal controls by RNA-seq

  The dataset contains RNA-seq data of 96 EOPC patients and 9 controls. For some patients multiple tissue samples were sequenced ("multi-area" samples). The RNA extraction and sequencing protocol was earlier described in Weischenfeldt et al, Cancer Cell, 2013.

  Dataset EGAD00001004791

• Multi-Region WES of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

  In order to reconstruct the evolutionary history of metastatic colorectal cancer, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 12 metastatic colorectal cancer patients for whom the primary tumor and matched distant metastases to the brain (n=10) and liver (n=2). For 8 of the 12 patients, multiple regions (n=3-7) of the primary tumor and distant metastases were sequenced.

  Dataset EGAD00001004896

• Sequencing data for study Dissociation of solid tumour tissues with cold active protease for single-cell RNA-seq minimizes conserved collagenase-associated stress responses for library TENX_014_SA604X6XB01979_001

  Single-cell RNA-sequencing data generated using the 10X genomics chromium platform, comprising patient derived xenograft, cell line, and primary tumour data. This includes different digestion conditions (37C collagenase vs 6C cold protease) and FACS sorting for live, dying, and dead cells. 3 samples; filetype=fastq

  Dataset EGAD00001005154

• Sequencing data for study Dissociation of solid tumour tissues with cold active protease for single-cell RNA-seq minimizes conserved collagenase-associated stress responses for library TENX018_VOA11019SA_001

  Single-cell RNA-sequencing data generated using the 10X genomics chromium platform, comprising patient derived xenograft, cell line, and primary tumour data. This includes different digestion conditions (37C collagenase vs 6C cold protease) and FACS sorting for live, dying, and dead cells. 24 samples; filetype=fastq

  Dataset EGAD00001005156

• Sequencing data for study Dissociation of solid tumour tissues with cold active protease for single-cell RNA-seq minimizes conserved collagenase-associated stress responses for library TENX050_PBC04573_001

  Single-cell RNA-sequencing data generated using the 10X genomics chromium platform, comprising patient derived xenograft, cell line, and primary tumour data. This includes different digestion conditions (37C collagenase vs 6C cold protease) and FACS sorting for live, dying, and dead cells. 12 samples; filetype=fastq

  Dataset EGAD00001005166

• Sequencing data for study Dissociation of solid tumour tissues with cold active protease for single-cell RNA-seq minimizes conserved collagenase-associated stress responses for library TENX057_SA535X5XB02887_002

  Single-cell RNA-sequencing data generated using the 10X genomics chromium platform, comprising patient derived xenograft, cell line, and primary tumour data. This includes different digestion conditions (37C collagenase vs 6C cold protease) and FACS sorting for live, dying, and dead cells. 12 samples; filetype=fastq

  Dataset EGAD00001005175

• Whole exome sequencing of advanced gastric cancer

  To define the cellular characteristics of malignant ascites of advanced gastric cancer patients and search for therapeutic strategies, we obtained 5 malignant ascites and 1 cerebrospinal fluid from five patients with gastric cancer. We analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data of 180 cells from 4 malignant ascites and 1 cerebrospinal fluid metastasis using Fluidigm® C1™ System. Whole exome sequencing data was also generated from blood or tumor tissue.

  Dataset EGAD00001005740

• AT-AML samples dataset

  Serial samples from one AT-AML patient as described in publication Goldgraben et al Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2020. Whole exome sequencing of a AT-'germline' blood sample, one bone marrow sample (at AML diagnosis) and 3 AML blood samples. Library preped using the Illumina Nextera Rapid Capture Exome Enrichment Kit, and sequenced as PE150 on HiSeq4000. Provided: 5 BAM files (GRCh37); 2 VCF analyses (germline and somatic)

  Dataset EGAD00001006090

• Prognostic and immunomodulatory consequences of ERV expression in ovarian cancer

  The dataset contains transcriptional data obtained using total RNA sequencing on a Illumina machin. 59 samples are from the Hammersmith Hospital (HH) cohort of human primary ovarian tumours and 20 samples are from ovarian cancer cell lines Kuramochi (3 replicates) and Ovsaho (2 replicates) treated with 1 uM DNMTi guadecitabine or vehicle, at an early (day 5) or late (day 8) timepoint.

  Dataset EGAD00001006589

• The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine induces long-term effects on both adaptive and innate immune responses

  This dataset contains bulk RNA sequencing at different timepoints post-BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Stimulation experiments were performed at each of the timepoints (RPMI, Influenza, R848 and Influenza stimuli), resulting in 242 libraries distributed over 4 stimulations and 4 timepoints. Libraries were sequenced on the DBNSEQ platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001011042

• RNA-seq of PBX1 knock-down or overexpressing cell lines

  The whole study comprises of two patient cohorts. Screening cohort: 40 patients of Germany; validation cohort: 40 patients from Asia. Further, bile duct and CCA cell lines have been analyzed. This dataset contains 44 samples derived from RNA-sequencing data of bile duct and CCA cell lines. Data was generated on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 device in paired-end mode and is stored in compressed FASTQ file format.

  Dataset EGAD00001011325

• Single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing of 37 PBMC pools of advanced HCC patients.

  scRNAseq and scTCRseq of serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples (n=72) taken at various timepoints before and during treatment (Week 0 (W0), Week 3 (W3), Week 6 (W6)). PBMC samples were pooled together into 37 pools, loading 2 or three samples per lane in the 10X Genomics chip, in equal proportions, according to a pre-designed pooling matrix.

  Dataset EGAD00001011345

• scWGS dataset of Characterization of UV DNA damage in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Extensive characterization of mutational signature SBS7a in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) samples. We aimed to describe the presentation of SBS7a in BCP-ALL, identify other pediatric cancers presenting with SBS7a, look into the link of SBS7a and UV-light in the context of BCP-ALL and cancers with provable UV exposure, and pinpoint when SBS7a was acquired.

  Dataset EGAD00001015601

• Whole genome sequencing data of normal/tumors pairs from 9 patients with uterine or ovarian carcinosarcoma.

  This dataset provides whole genome sequencing data of normal/tumors pairs from 9 patients with uterine or ovarian carcinosarcoma using the HiSeq 2000 sequencing system. It includes 27 samples (9 normals, 16 uterine tumors and 2 ovarian tumors). Through separate whole genome sequencing of carcinomatous and sarcomatoid components, we analyse and compare the genomic alterations of these components.

  Dataset EGAD00001003755

• Exome reads

  This dataset contains WES data (.bam files) and associated phenotype information from 10 patients included in our microbiome study who went on to anti PD-1 immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Both tumor and matching germ line normal were sequenced on each patient using Illumina HiSeq 2500. The average coverage was 283X in tumors and 135X in germline (tumor+germline overall:209, Range: 0-1552).

  Dataset EGAD00001003797

• Dataset of the sequenced and imputed genotypes

  Samples from 149 trios from the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean asthma familial cohort were all sequenced using a custom capture panel developed by our group, followed by next-generation sequencing. This custom capture panel covers around 3% of the genome, including coding and non-coding immune regulatory regions. We inferred the sequence in the non-sequenced siblings who were part of the same families as the trios and we imputed the sequence using IMPUTE2 in the whole cohort.

  Dataset EGAD00001004268

• Whole genomes sequencing BAM files (blood and lung brushings) of COPD cases and controls (EvA)

  Dataset of 27 whole genome sequencing files (BAM), which cover 12 individuals out of which four suffer from COPD. From 9 individuals, there are sequencing data from blood and from lung brushings at one single site available, from another 3 there is additionally a lung brushing sequencing file from a second site available. Comparison of blood with lung brushings allows the calling of somatic mutations within a tissue.

  Dataset EGAD00001004535

• Whole exome and targeted sequencing data from glioblastoma multiforme samples

  Whole exome and targeted sequencing data from 11 glioblastoma multiforme patients. A total of 70 tumour specimens and 11 blood samples were used for whole exome sequencing (WES) using the Agilent SureSelectXT Human All Exon V5 Kit. Two custom targeted sequencing panels were designed using the using Agilent’s Haloplex (TES1) or Agilent SureSelect XT2 technology (TES2). Libraries were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2500

  Dataset EGAD00001004420

• Dynamics of multiple resistance mechanisms in plasma DNA during EGFR‐targeted therapies in non‐small cell lung cancer - sWGS

  Shallow whole‐genome sequencing dataset on samples from three patients who underwent histological transformation to small‐cell lung cancer. Samples included in this dataset include normal buffy coat samples, plasma samples collected at diagnosis of NSCLC as well as prior to small‐cell transformation and after SCLC transformation and progression on cisplatin and irinotecan.

  Dataset EGAD00001004379

• TRACERx pilot study.

  Multi-region Illumina whole-exome and/or whole-genome sequencing on tumor regions collected from early-stage NSCLC patients who underwent definitive surgical resection prior to receiving adjuvant therapy.Detected variants were validated on Ion AmpliSeq™ Custom Panel and/or Comprehensive Cancer Gene Panels.Patients covered by this dataset: L001, L002, L003, L004, L008 and L011.

  Dataset EGAD00001000900

• Bulk RNASeq on CD8+CD69+CD103+ and CD8+CD69+CD103- T cells form breast cancer.

  CD8+CD69+CD103+ and CD8+CD69+CD103- T cells were flow sorted from 1 primary triple negative breast cancer, 1 primary HER2 amplified breast cancer, and 1 triple negative liver metastasis. Prior to flow sorting, fresh tumor samples were digested to produce single cell homogenates on the day of surgery. Following RNA extraction, RNASeq was performed using polyA selection.

  Dataset EGAD00001003964

• Whole genome sequencing data of normal/tumors pairs from 4 patients with uterine or ovarian carcinosarcoma.

  This dataset provides whole genome sequencing data of normal/tumors pairs from 4 patients with uterine or ovarian carcinosarcoma using the HiSeq 2000 sequencing system. It includes 10 samples (4 normals, 4 uterine tumors and 2 ovarian tumors). Through separate whole genome sequencing of carcinomatous and sarcomatoid components, we analyse and compare the genomic alterations of these components.

  Dataset EGAD00001003898

• Evolution of four ER+ breast cancers

  The evolution of four breast cancers was analyzed using longitudinal samples collected over 2-15 years. Whole-genome sequencing and single-cell RNA-Seq were used to analyze evolution. We have deposited VCF files for SNV, indel, and structural variant calls from WGS data, and a text file showing transcripts per million (TPM) expression for the single-cell RNA-Seq data.

  Dataset EGAD00001003303

• EORTC study on the evolution of driver mutations and MGMT promotor methylation in glioblastomas treated with standard of care: Correlation with survival and impact on trial design

  Precision medicine trials in glioblastoma should be conducted at tumor recurrence. However, second surgery for recurrent GBMs is not routinely performed and therefore molecular data is predominantly derived from primary samples. This study aims to establish the frequency of driver changes at tumor recurrence.

  Dataset EGAD00001004593

• Distinct genomic profile and specific targeted drug responses in adult cerebellar glioblastoma

  This dataset includes genomic information of 19 adult cerebellar glioblastomas (C-GBMs). Whole-exome sequencing data are available for 9 C-GBMs and their 8 corresponding matched blood samples, and glioma-specific targeted-DNA sequencing (GliomaSCAN) data from additional 10 C-GBMs are also available. Among them, Whole-transcriptome sequencing data were conducted for 6 C-GBM tumors.

  Dataset EGAD00001003417

• The spatio-temporal evolution of lymph node spread in early breast cancer

  Set of multi-region sequenced breast cancer primary samples, lymph nodes and ctDNA. We collected samples from 11 breast cancer patients with lymph node involvement but no sign of distant metastasis. We performed a mix of whole-exome sequencing, targeted capture sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing of primary tumour samples and lymph nodes, as well as targeted capture sequencing of circulating tumour DNA.

  Dataset EGAD00001004122

• GoDARTS T2D-GENES Exome Sequencing Study

  The GoDARTS T2D-GENES exome sequencing study includes 1924 samples, 965 T2D cases and 959 T2D controls, from European ancestry. This cohort is part of a larger exome sequencing effort from the T2D-GENES project and contains the exome sequencing vcf from the GoDARTS samples. The other data generated from the T2D-GENES project can be found in dbGAP. Samples underwent deep exome sequencing, with SNVs and INDEls called according to GATK best practices.

  Dataset EGAD00001004311

• PanCurX Translational Research Initiative - RNA-Seq mapped and unmapped reads

  Integration of Genomic and Transcriptional Features in Pancreatic Cancer Reveals Increased Cell Cycle Progression in Metastases - RNA-Seq mapped and unmapped reads

  Dataset EGAD00001004548

• Susceptibility genes for the development of SLE during treatment of IBD

  A potential and very serious side effect of treating IBD with antiTNFa therapies (the currentgold standard) is the development of systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). This side effect israre and unpredictable. Out of several thousand cases having received treatment, theUniversity of Calgary have accumulated 12 individuals with full phenotyping and novelserological antibody discovery panel data. We propose to exome sequence these samples inan effort to identify rare highly-penetrant variants that could be underlying this severephenotype.

  Dataset EGAD00001000670

• Amplicon sequencing libraries from the study "Histological Transformation and Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: a Clonal Evolution Study".

  Amplicon sequencing libraries from the study "Histological Transformation and Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: a Clonal Evolution Study". These are Illumina amplicon deep sequencing libraries (n = 118) to validate somatic predictions made in the whole genome sequencing libraries. Specifically, there are 72 tumor libraries and 46 normal libraries. Some patients may have multiple amplicon libraries sequenced.

  Dataset EGAD00001002896

• Innate Immune Anti-Viral Deaminase Deregulation Fuels Pre-Leukemia Stem Cell Evolution

  This study evaluates the effect of Rebecsinib treatment on gene expression, isoform splicing, and ADAR1 mediated RNA editing in cells from an in vivo humanized mouse model which have been engrafted with human secondary AML cells. For analysis of cells from Rebesinib-treated animals, CD34+ cells were obtained from bone marrow and spleens of sAML-engrafted mice following once weekly treatment with 0 (Vehicle) or 5 or 10 mg/kg Rebecsinib. For analysis of cells from serial transplant recipients of cells harvested from Rebecsinib-treated mice, CD34+ cells were obtained from bone marrow and spleens of sAML-engrafted mice that were transplanted with cells from animals that received twice weekly treatment with 0 (Vehicle) or 10 mg/kg Rebecsinib. No further treatment was given to serial transplant recipients, thus allowing the analysis of molecular changes that are sustained following serial transplantation. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed at The Scripps Research Institute Next Generation Sequencing Core on Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencers with 150bp paired-end reads.These data revealed a uniquely expressed ADAR1 splice isoform (with a retrained intronic region), global downregulation of normalized RNA editing events, and isoform switching from MCL1-L to MCL1-S in Rebecsinib-treated sAML-engrafted mice. These results demonstrate the anti-survival and anti-self-renewal effects of Rebecsinib treatment on the leukemia stem cell (LSC) population in sAML-engrafted mice as well as the reduction in the inflammation-induced, hyper-editing p150 isoform of ADAR1. Thus, Rebecsinib treatment has promise for reducing the LSC population in myeloproliferative disorders and associated cancers.

  Study phs002228

• Clonally selected lines after CRISPR/Cas editing are not isogenic

  The CRISPR-Cas9 system has enabled researchers to precisely modify/edit the sequence of a genome. A typical editing experiment consists of two steps: (i) editing cultured cells and (ii) selection of clones, which are presumed to be isogenic, with and without the intended edit. The application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system may result in off-target edits, while cloning would reveal culture-acquired mutations. We analyzed the extent of the former and of the latter by whole genome sequencing (WGS) involving separate genomic loci in three experiments conducted by three independent laboratories. In all experiments we hardly found any off-target edits, while we detected hundreds to thousands of single nucleotide mutations unique to each clone after relatively short culture of 10-20 passages. Notably, clones also differed in copy number alterations that were several kb to several mb in size, representing the largest source of genomic divergence among clones. This study in dbGaP includes data from experiments carried out by investigators at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and Baylor College of Medicine (OMRF/BCM) involving an iPSC line derived from fibroblasts of a female patient (line c7) carrying a constitutional heterozygous variant (chr1:1,464,679 C>T; GRCh37) in exon 15 of the ATPase family, AAA domain containing 3A (ATAD3A) gene. The parental line was edited by introducing a double stranded break at the variant allele to correct the variant by homology directed repair. Two unedited control clones (clone7 and clone8) and one edited clone (SC20) were selected for WGS.

  Study phs003110

• Genomic profiling for metastatic uveal melanoma from a phase I study of the protein kinase C inhibitor AEB071

  Up to 50% of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) develop metastatic disease, for which there is no effective systemic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the orally available protein kinase C inhibitor, AEB071, in patients with metastatic UM, and to perform genomic profiling of metastatic tumor samples, with the aim to propose combination therapies. Metastatic UM patients (n=153) were treated with AEB071 in a Phase I, single-arm study. Patients received total daily doses of AEB071 ranging from 450 to 1400 mg. First-cycle dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in 13 patients (13%). These were most commonly gastrointestinal system toxicities and were dose related, occurring at doses > 700 mg/day. Preliminary clinical activity was observed, with 3% of patients achieving a partial response and 50% with stable disease (median duration 15 weeks). High-depth, targeted next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) was performed on 89 metastatic tumor biopsy samples. Mutations previously identified in UM were observed, including mutations in GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, SF3B1, PLCB4, and amplification of chromosome arm 8q. GNAQ/GNA11 mutations were observed at a similar frequency (93%) as previously reported, confirming a therapeutic window for inhibition of the downstream effector PKC in metastatic UM. In conclusion, the protein kinase C inhibitor AEB071 was well tolerated and modest clinical activity was observed in metastatic UM. The genomic findings were consistent with previous reports in primary UM. Together, our data allow envisaging combination therapies of PKC inhibitors with other compounds in metastatic UM.

  Study phs001953

• Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations

  It is well established that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a strong genetic component; however, for at least 70% of cases, the underlying genetic cause is unknown. Under the hypothesis that de novo mutations underlie a substantial fraction of the risk for developing ASD in families with no previous history of ASD or related phenotypes-so-called sporadic or simplex families-we sequenced all coding regions of the genome (the exome) for parent-child trios exhibiting sporadic ASD, including 189 new trios and 20 that were previously reported. Additionally, we also sequenced the exomes of 50 unaffected siblings corresponding to these new (n = 31) and previously reported trios (n = 19), for a total of 617 individual exomes from 209 families deposited in dbGaP. Here we show that de novo point mutations are overwhelmingly paternal in origin (4:1 bias) and positively correlated with paternal age, consistent with the modest increased risk for children of older fathers to develop ASD. Moreover, 39% (49 of 126) of the most severe or disruptive de novo mutations map to a highly interconnected beta-catenin/chromatin remodelling protein network ranked significantly for autism candidate genes. In proband exomes, recurrent protein-altering mutations were observed in two genes: CHD8 and NTNG1. Mutation screening of six candidate genes in 1,703 ASD probands identified additional de novo, protein-altering mutations in GRIN2B, LAMC3 and SCN1A. Combined with copy number variant (CNV) data, these results indicate extreme locus heterogeneity but also provide a target for future discovery, diagnostics and therapeutics.

  Study phs000482

• Norepinephrine Transporter Blockade as a Pathophysiological Biomarker in Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension

  The clinical picture of autonomic failure is dominated by disabling orthostatic hypotension. Recent developments in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the discrete clinical forms of autonomic failure have revealed that participants with multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized by impairment of central autonomic pathways crucial for autonomic cardiovascular control, but have intact peripheral postganglionic noradrenergic fibers. Participants with MSA have peripheral residual sympathetic tone that is no longer modulated by central autonomic centers and is not under baroreflex control and, therefore, cannot be harnessed to improve their orthostatic hypotension. On the other hand, participants with pure autonomic failure (PAF) and with Parkinson' s disease (PD) are characterized by neurodegeneration and loss of peripheral noradrenergic fibers, as evidenced by low levels of plasma norepinephrine and absent cardiac uptake of labeled catechols. Pharmacological inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) is an example of an approach that can take advantage of the participants' own residual sympathetic tone. NET inhibition will increase synaptic norepinephrine that is tonically released in MSA participants by preventing its reuptake. This should result in an increase in blood pressure. This is a longitudinal study of 50 participants, age 18-80 years with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension associated with impaired reflexes. The purpose of this study is to determine if the magnitude of the pressor response to atomoxetine at study entry, will be useful as a biomarker to differentiate those participants that will ultimately be shown to have pre-ganglionic (central) lesions (MSA) with those shown to have post ganglionic (peripheral) lesions (PAF and PD).

  Study phs001595

• Decoding Human Heart Morphogenesis through Single-cell Multi-modal Analyses

  The heart, which is the first organ to develop, is highly dependent on its form to function. However, how diverse cardiac cell types spatially coordinate to create complex morphological structures critical for heart function remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that integration of single cell RNA-sequencing with high-resolution multiplexed error-robust fluorescent in situ hybridization (MERFISH) not only resolves the identity of cardiac cell types developing the human heart but also provides a spatial mapping of individual cells that enables illumination of their organization into cellular communities forming distinct cardiac structures. We discovered that many of these cardiac cell types further specified into subpopulations exclusive to specific communities, supporting their specialization according to cellular ecosystem and anatomic region. In particular, ventricular cardiomyocyte subpopulations displayed an unexpected complex laminar organization across the ventricular wall and formed, with other cell subpopulations, several cellular communities. Interrogating cell-cell interactions within these communities revealed signaling pathways orchestrating the spatial organization of cardiac cell subpopulations during ventricular wall morphogenesis. In vivo conditional genetic mouse models and in vitro human pluripotent stem cell studies confirmed an intricate multicellular PLXN-SEMA crosstalk among specific ventricular cardiomyocyte, fibroblast and endothelial cell subpopulations that directs the compaction of the ventricular wall layers. Thus, these detailed findings into the cellular social interactions and specialization of cardiac cell types constructing and remodeling the human heart offer new insights into structural heart diseases as well as engineering complex multi-cellular tissues for human heart repair. Reprinted from Farah et al. (In press), with permission from Nature.

  Study phs002031

• Basal-to-Inflammatory Transition Contributes to Basal Cell Carcinoma Therapy Resistance via Crosstalk with a Pro-Inflammatory Stromal Niche

  Overcoming tumor evolution and inducible resistance states remain the main challenge to creating successful anti-tumor therapies. The body's cancer-associated inflammatory response is a double-edged sword having ill-defined pro- and anti-tumor properties. Our group previously identified a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumor-intrinsic resistance pathway called basal to squamous cell carcinoma transition (BST). However, tumor resistance driven through the complex dynamics of tumor interactions with the inflammatory response remains poorly studied. Here, employing a multipronged approach combining human tumor single-cell transcriptomics, single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-Seq) study, CODEX multiplexed imaging, spatial transcriptomic along with functional validation, we have identified a surprising inflammation-associated SMOi therapy enriched tumor epithelial cell state we term basal-to-inflammatory transition (BIT). Marked by CHI3L1, TAGLN, ITGAV, and VCAM1, BIT arises in spatially distinct neighborhoods from BST in a subset of naive BCCs. While BST tumor epithelium occurs within the central cores of tumor nodules, BIT tumor epithelium arises in a specialized inflammatory environment defined by a tumor associated TREM1 myeloid signature. IL1 and OSM secreted by TREM1 myeloid cells activate the inflammatory NF-kB family of transcription factors within the BIT tumor epithelium. Strikingly, IL1 and OSM ligands are sufficient not only in inducing the BIT tumor state in vitro and in vivo in a synergistic fashion but also in lowering the sensitivity of human BCC explant tumors to SMOi treatment. This work provides critical insights into the BIT-resistant state as a novel targetable tumor state driven by a specialized inflammatory microenvironment.

  Study phs003437

• Blood DNA Methylation in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): a Prospective Cohort Study

  Background: DNA methylation integrates environmental signals with transcriptional programs. COVID-19 infection induces changes in the host methylome. While post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is a long-term complication of acute illness, its association with DNA methylation is unknown. No universal blood marker of PASC, superseding single organ dysfunctions, has yet been identified. Methods: In this single center prospective cohort study, PASC, post-COVID without PASC, and healthy participants were enrolled to investigate their symptoms association with peripheral blood DNA methylation data generated with state-of-the-art whole genome sequencing (WGS). PASC-induced quality-of-life deterioration was scored with a validated instrument, SF-36. Analyses were conducted to identify potential functional roles of differentially methylated loci, and machine learning algorithms were used to resolve PASC severity. Findings: 103 patients with PASC (22.3% male, 77.7% female), 15 patients with previous COVID-19 infection but no PASC (40.0% male, 60.0% female), and 27 healthy volunteers (48.1% male, 51.9% female) were enrolled. Whole genome methylation sequencing revealed 39 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) specific to PASC, each harboring an average of 15 consecutive positions, that differentiate patients with PASC from the two control groups. Motif analyses of PASC-regulated DMRs identify binding domains for transcription factors regulating circadian rhythm and others. Some DMRs annotated to protein coding genes were associated with changes of RNA expression. Machine learning support vector algorithm and random forest hierarchical clustering reveal 28 unique differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in the genome discriminating patients with better and worse quality of life.

  Study phs003658

• Mutational signatures in normal tissues of patients treated with clinical stage G-quadruplex binder CX5461

  Drug induced photoreactions following exposure to UVA have been documented for several therapeutic compound classes, including psoralens and fluoroquinolones. CX5461, a quinolone-derived small molecule currently in phase 1 studies for cancer treatment, has been shown to be a clinically significant UV photosensitizer. Here we examined the mutagenic spectrum of CX5461 in normal tissues of patients undergoing treatment, by comparing deep whole genome sequencing (WGS) from skin biopsies taken from non-sun exposed areas pre and post drug exposure of patients in the Canadian Cancer Clinical Trials Group (CCTG) IND.231 trial (NCT02719977). We show that a low burden of SNVs (<100) and indels (<40) mutations was detected in post CX5461 skin biopsies, with a pattern resembling background or sequencing artefact signatures. To further characterize the mutational pattern of CX5461 photoreactivity, we compared mutational profiles of human retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to UVA, CX5461, or a combination of both UV and CX5461. Treatment with CX5461 or UVA alone, resulted in a low SNV burden. In contrast, human cells exposed to UVA and CX5461 had a two to four orders higher mutational burden, with a distinct mutational pattern characterized by T>A, T>C mutations, dissimilar to that of UV alone or CX5461 alone. Our results suggest that human exposure to CX5461 alone is not associated with high levels of single base mutagenesis. However, CX5461 is a very potent UV photosensitizer, underscoring the need for adequate UV screening and controls when studying the effects of photosensitizing small molecules on single base DNA variation.

  Study EGAS50000001145

• RB Loss in Resistant EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas that Transform to Small Cell Lung Cancer

  Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective treatments for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, they do not lead to cures, and, on average, relapse occurs typically occurs afterafter an average of one year of continuous treatment. In a subset of patients, aA fundamental histological transformation from NSCLC to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is observed in a subset of the resistant cancers, but the molecular changes associated with this transformation remain unknown. Analysis of a cohort of tumor samples and cell lines derived from resistant EGFR mutant patients with SCLC transformation revealed that RB is lost in 100% of these SCLC transformed cases, but rarely in those that remain NSCLC. Global changes in gene expression, including increased neuroendocrine marker expression and absence of EGFR expression, are observed in resistant EGFR mutant cancers that transformed to SCLC. Consistent Further, with their similarities to classical SCLC at the genetic and gene expression levelincreased neuroendocrine marker and decreased EGFR expression as well as greater sensitivity to BCL2 family inhibition are observed in resistant SCLC transformed cancers compared to resistant NSCLCs. , cell lines derived from resistant EGFR mutant SCLC biopsies are substantially more sensitive to Bcl-2 family inhibition with ABT-263 compared to those derived from resistant EGFR mutant NSCLCs. Together, these findings suggest that despite developing initially as EGFR mutant adenocarcinomas, this subset of resistant cancers ultimately adopt many of the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of classical SCLC.

  Study EGAS00001001102

• Structure and evolution of double minutes in diagnosis and relapse brain tumors

  Double minute chromosomes are extrachromosomal circular DNA fragments frequently found in brain tumors. To understand their evolution, we characterized the double minutes in paired diagnosis and relapse tumors from a pediatric high-grade glioma and four adult glioblastoma patients. We determined the full structures of the major double minutes using a novel approach combining multiple types of supporting genomic evidence. Among the double minutes identified in the pediatric tumor, only one carrying EGFR was maintained at high abundance in both samples, whereas two others were resent in only trace amounts at diagnosis but abundant at relapse, and the rest were found either in the relapse sample only or in the diagnosis sample only. For the EGFR-carrying double minutes, we found a secondary somatic deletion in all copies at relapse, after erlotinib treatment, but this was rare at diagnosis, suggesting potential resistance to the EGFR inhibitor. This mutation caused an in-frame RNA transcript to skip exon 16, a novel transcript absent in EST database and in about 700 brain tumors that we reviewed. We observed similar patterns involving longitudinal copy number shift of double minutes in another four pairs (diagnosis / relapse) of adult glioblastoma. Overall, in three of five paired tumor samples, we found that although the same oncogenes were amplified at diagnosis and relapse, they were amplified on different double minutes. Our results suggest that double minutes readily evolve, increasing tumor heterogeneity rapidly. Understanding patterns of double minute evolution can shed light on future therapeutic solutions to brain tumors carrying such variants.

  Study EGAS00001003212

• Transcriptome_human_nasal_epithelium

  1. Odors are detected, firstly, by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium of the nose. This neurons then project directly to the olfactory bulb in the brain. Olfaction depends on cellular regeneration of the OE, olfactory bulb and hippocampus, and on their continual re-wiring. The olfactory neural pathway includes regions of the frontal, temporal and limbic brain, which in turn overlap with brain areas involved in brain disorders. OSNs are the only aspect of the human brain exposed to the external environment. This not only makes them vulnerable to environmental changes, but also accessible for biomedical studies.We have already sequenced and developed a protocol for analyzing the transcriptome of mouse main olfactory epithelium and single OSNs. We propose here to perform a similar study for samples from the human olfactory epithelium. We have developed a minimally invasive method for obtaining human OSNs, among other cells from the nasal epithelium. In this experiment, we have obtained cell samples from the olfactory epithelium, including OSN, from healthy volunteers. We would like to further characterize them by RNA sequencing. This will give us valuable insight into human olfaction. It will also provide a first step into a new avenue to study, and find biomarkers for, brain diseases though the analysis of these easily available neurons. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001294

• A unidirectional histone code in bidirectional promoters across cell types

  Recent studies indicate that thousands of genes are expressed from bidirectional promoters (BDPs). Gene regulation at BDPs is poorly understood, in particular how the cell is able to regulate them differently. Here we investigate the effect of histone Modifications in BDP regulation. In this study, we model the gene activity using different gene expression assays, such as RNA-Seq, GRO-cap, and CAGE around the BDP transcription start sites (TSSs) using different histone modifications in various cell types. We develop a new statistical approach that links histone modifications to gene expression at BDPs. It improves over previous methods, because it is able to capture spatial dependencies of histone modifications along a promoter and leads to more interpretable results. We predict a general histone code that is independent of transcript orientation, cell type, and promoter configuration. The histone code at BDPs reveals that promoters are regulated unidirectionally, such that the majority of histone marks associated with gene expression occur downstream of the gene's TSS. By contrasting associations of histone marks with steady-state levels of capped RNAs in CAGE and nascent capped RNAs in GRO-cap, we show which histone marks have a preference for initiating polymerases and actively elongating polymerases. Using single-cell data we show that the bidirectional histone signal of activating marks is often due averaging of a heterogeneous cell population. Our results have implications for other experiments where the relationship between histone modification and gene initiation or gene elongation is investigated on a genome-wide scale.

  Study EGAS00001001656