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• Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Costa Rican Patients with Parkinson's Disease

  This study is a pilot study designed to describe the clinical and genetic landscape of Parkinson's disease in Costa Rica. While most genetic studies have been conducted on Europeans, few have examined Parkinson's disease in Costa Ricans. 118 patients and 97 controls were recruited at the Movement Disorders Unit of the Department of Neurology, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Costa Rica. Familial Parkinson's disease genes were sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing. We also measured and obtained different sociodemographic and clinical information.

  Study phs002495

• Impact of Mutated CTCF DNA binding sites of Topologically associating domains on nearby Cancer Gene Regulation: A Multi-Omics Analysis

  Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common lethal malignancy world-wide. Due in most part to the extremely high mutational burden (TMB) in cSCC, making sense of it’s non-coding and regulatory regional genomic variation has lagged that of other far less common cancers. This study presents the first investigation of mutations at CCCTC-binding factor binding sites (CTCFbs) of Topologically associating domains (TAD) across defined cSCC progression stages—primary non-metastatic (PNM), primary metastat-ic (PM), and lymph node metastasis (LNM).

  Study EGAS50000001686

• Mosaic structural variation sample

  Mosaic Normal-Tumor genomes are generated from real normal-tumor pairs with validated somatic variants. In this case, validated variants from the GRIDSS2 paper. Mosaic genomes were generated using GenomeMosaicMaker, an open-source software tool designed and implemented for this specific purpose. The variants provided in the VCF truth file for each mosaic tumor/normal pair were annotated using funnSV for SVs and VEP for SNVs and indels. All CRAM files are aligned to GRCh37. Please see https://github.com/EUCANCan/oncoliner and https://github.com/Computational-Genomics-BSC/GenomeMosaicMaker for more information.

  Study EGAS50000000460

• AfricanNeo aDNA Study

  With the largest genomic dataset to date of Bantu-speaking populations, including newly generated data of modern-day and ancient DNA from previously unsampled regions in Africa, we shed fresh light on the expansion of peoples speaking Bantu languages that started ~4000 years ago in western Africa. We have generated whole-genome sequences from 12 Late Iron Age individuals. Our comprehensive genetic analysis of the expansion of people speaking Bantu languages reveals a complex history of serial founder events, variable levels of contact with local groups, and spread-over-spread events.

  Study EGAS00001007519

• Analysis of Loose Ends in Cancer Genome Structure

  Short-read sequencing (SRS) forms the basis of our understanding of cancer genome evolution, yet it is widely thought to be inadequate for detecting structural variants (SVs). To understand the nature of cancer SVs missed by SRS, we introduce the concept of "loose ends" - sites of missing rearrangements revealed by balancing copy number (CN) across the genomic intervals and adjacencies of a genome graph.

  Study EGAS00001007324

• Sequencing_Acute_Myeloid_Leukaemia_

  This project will aim at sequencing and analysing three samples from a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with t(15;17) translocation (acute promyelocytic leukaemia). The patient was treated with standard chemotherapy and samples (blood and bone marrow) taken for minimal residual disease measured during and after chemotherapy. 2-3years later the patient presented a second AML containing inv (16).In this project we will sequence both AML and normal genomes to find associated mutations This will allow unprecedented insights into the dynamics of appearance of secondary AML, since we will be able to use the MRD samples to track the emergence of the inv(16) leukaemia. We will also be able to distinguish whether the 2 leukaemias are clonally related or not. This project will entail sequencing and analysis of three samples (whole genome 30x coverage) using Hi-Seq. The funds from this grant will cover the cost of sequencing 9 lanes from the AML t(15;17) sample, 9 lanes from AML inv(16) sample and 8 lanes from the normal genome.

  Study EGAS00001000035

• The genomic landscape of relapsed infant and childhood KMT2A-rearranged acute leukemia

  To study the mechanisms of relapse in KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed whole-genome and exome sequencing of infants and children with relapsed ALL/AML (n=36), and longitudinal deep-sequencing of 257 samples in 30 patients. Somatic alterations in drug-response genes, most commonly in TP53 and IKZF1 (64%), were highly enriched in early relapse ALL (79%, 9-36 months after diagnosis), but rare in very early relapse ALL (<9 months, 9%). A marked chemotherapy-exposure signature was detected for mutations in early relapse ALL but not in very early ALL or AML relapse, in line with different mechanisms of relapse. Longitudinal analyses could track residual leukemia cells, clonal drug responses, and the upcoming relapse. These results highlight that KMT2A-r ALL and AML evade therapy differently and provide new insights into the mechanisms of relapse in this highly lethal form of pediatric acute leukemia.

  Study EGAS00001008197

• Studies of L1-mediated Pseudogene Formation in Human HeLa Cells

  Alu elements mobilize from one genomic location to another by a "copy-and-paste" mechanism known as retrotransposition, which requires the human Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) ORF2-encoded protein (ORF2p); however, little is known about other cellular factors required for Alu retrotransposition. Isolates of HeLa cells differ in their ability to support Alu retrotransposition. Here, we generated Illumina whole genome sequencing data derived from four HeLa isolates: HeLa-H1, HeLa-CCL2, HeLa-HA, and HeLa-JVM.

  Study phs003397

• Sequencing of serial plasma and multiregional tumor samples in a patient with metastatic breast cancer

  Circulating tumor DNA analysis can be used to track tumor burden and analyze cancer genomes non-invasively but the extent to which it represents metastatic heterogeneity is unknown. Here, we follow a patient with metastatic ER and HER2 positive breast cancer receiving two lines of targeted therapy over 3 years. We characterize genomic architecture and infer clonal evolution in 8 tumor biopsies and 9 plasma samples collected over 1,193 days of clinical follow-up using exome and targeted amplicon sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001001466

• The EMC-HEMA-AML data access committee controlling the access to AML sequencing data generated in the Hematology department of Erasmus MC

  Dac EGAC00001002230

• Papuan Y chromosome Diversity Panel

  Island Southeast Asia and Oceania host one of the world’s richest assemblages of human phenotypic, linguistic and cultural diversity. Despite this, the region’s male genetic lineages are globally among the last to remain unresolved. We compiled ~9.7 Mb of Y chromosome sequence from a diverse sample of over 380 men from this region, including 152 first reported here. The granularity of this dataset allows us to fully resolve and date the regional Y chromosome phylogeny. This new high-resolution tree confirms two main population bursts: multiple rapid diversifications following the region’s initial settlement ~50 kya, and extensive expansions <6 kya. Notably, ~40-25 kya the deep rooting local lineages of C-M130, M-P256, and S-B254 show almost no further branching events in Island Southeast Asia, New Guinea and Australia, matching a similar pause in diversification seen in maternal mitochondrial DNA lineages. The main local lineages start diversifying ~25 kya, at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum. This improved Y chromosome topology highlights localized events with important historical implications, including pre-Holocene contact between Mainland and Island Southeast Asia, potential interactions between Australia and the Papuan world, and a sustained period of diversification following the flooding of the ancient Sunda and Sahul continents as the insular landscape observed today formed. The high-resolution phylogeny of the Y chromosome presented here thus enables a detailed exploration of

  Study EGAS00001006025

• LySeqST: A targeted sequencing assay for robust genomic classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

  Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically heterogeneous disease. Two genomic classification systems, LymphGen and DLBclass, are capable of reproducibly classifying single tumors into subtypes with prognostic relevance in the context of standard-of-care R-CHOP chemoimmunotherapy. Preliminary data from subgroup analyses of clinical trials suggest that the distinct biological features are targetable with drugs that exploit subtype-specific vulnerabilities, and large clinical trials are being designed to test this hypothesis. Although whole exome sequencing (WES) remains the gold standard for each of these classification systems, many laboratories may opt for smaller targeted sequencing panels that reduce costs associated with sequencing, data storage, and processing. Here, we describe the design and validation of a targeted sequencing panel (LySeqST) that captures the genomic features required specifically for LymphGen classification. We perform in silico and real-world validation vs. WES data and demonstrate that LySeqST can be used to accurately classify DLBCL tumors. In an unselected population-based cohort, we determine the real-world proportions and validate the prognostic relevance of LymphGen subtypes, confirming that only tumors expressing the dark zone gene expression signature are consistently associated with inferior outcomes. Our results support the use of LySeqST for accurate genomic classification of DLBCL.

  Study EGAS50000001601

• Patient-derived pediatric brain tumor organoids faithfully recapitulate primary tumors

  Extensive molecular analysis by many groups has revealed a heterogeneous landscape of embryonal brain tumors, including medulloblastoma (MB) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). MB, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, is comprised of four molecularly distinct subgroups: Wingless (WNT), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Group 3 (G3), and Group 4 (G4). Among these, MB-SHH harboring MYCN amplification and TP53 mutation and MB-G3 with MYC overexpression or amplification constitute the most aggressive tumors, have the poorest clinical outcomes, and lack effective therapeutic options for recurrent disease. Here we describe the establishment of tumor organoid (TO) models from patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) of MYCN-amplified and TP53-mutant MB-SHH, MYC-amplified MB-G3 and two ATRT which all grew in mice when reimplanted into the cortices of naïve recipient animals (TOX). Methylation, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that TOs and TOXs faithfully recapitulated the molecular landscape and heterogeneity of PDOXs and primary patient tumors compared to established cell lines. The development of TOs will facilitate in vitro high-throughput drug or CRISPR screens without the need for use tumor-bearing mice. This will also accelerate the identification and validation of new vulnerabilities and in vivo preclinical testing toward clinical trials.

  Study EGAS00001008305

• Ribo-Seq dataset of Targeting the dark proteome to expand the lineage-retained antigen landscape in neuroblastoma

  This dataset contains ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) data generated to map actively translated open reading frames, including non-canonical ORFs from the "dark proteome", in neuroblastoma, supporting the identification of translation-validated tumor antigens. Ribosome-protected mRNA fragments (~28–30 nt) were isolated from 47 neuroblastoma samples comprising cell lines, patient-derived tumoroids, and primary patient tumors spanning the adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES) lineage states. Libraries were prepared following a modified version of the McGlincy & Ingolia 2017 protocol and sequenced single-end (1x50 bp) on the Illumina NextSeq 2000 platform. Raw data are provided as single-end fastq.gz

  Dataset EGAD00001016123

• Genome-Wide Discovery of Novel Breast Cancer Predisposing Mutations

  Cancer risk shows clear heritability, but the inherited genetic factors remain largely unknown. This project will seek to identify new genes in which mutations confer hereditary risk for early onset breast cancer, with important implications for both biological understanding and clinical prediction and prevention. Identifying cancer predisposing mutations can provide new biological insights and significantly impact important clinical decision making regarding treatment, surveillance and preventive approaches. Examples include the BRCA1 breast cancer susceptibility gene, which affects treatment decisions (surgical management), surveillance (frequent breast MRI) and prevention (oophorectory for prevention of ovarian cancer). Hereditary early onset breast cancer patients commonly present to Cancer Genetics clinics, but the majority of these patients do not have identifiable mutations in known candidate genes. Here, we will perform whole exome sequencing to discover novel cancer susceptibility genes. The patients have been recruited from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (PIs Kenneth Offit and Zsofia Stadler) and Massachusetts General Hospital (PI Daniel Haber). All exome sequencing was performed at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; samples sequence capture was performed using Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon Kit v2 and sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 or 2500.

  Study phs000822

• Epigenome wide DNA methylation assay of gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma using single base resolution high throughput array

  Gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC-GB) is the most common cancer among men in India and is associated with high mortality. Although OSCC-GB is known to be quite different from tongue cancer in its genomic presentation and its clinical behavior, it is treated identically as tongue cancer. Predictive markers of prognosis and therapy that are specific to OSCC-GB are, therefore, required. To achieve this, we have carried out epigenomic (n=87) profiling of paired tumor-normal tissues collected from OSCC-GB patients from India and genome-wide DNA methylation assays were performed. DNA was isolated using DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen). The purity and concentration was estimated using NanoDrop 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Approximately 500 ng genomic DNA from each sample was used for sodium bisulfite conversion using the EZ DNA methylation Gold Kit (Zymo Research, USA). Genome-wide DNA methylation was assayed using iScan (Illumina), for paired tumour and adjacent normal samples of 25 patients using the Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip and of 62 patients using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip.

  Study EGAS00001003896

• Human Pancreatic Islet RNAseq - Lund

  Most signals detected by genome-wide association studies map to non-coding sequence and their tissue-specific effects influence transcriptional regulation. However, many key tissues and cell-types required for appropriate functional inference are absent from large-scale resources such as ENCODE and GTEx. We explored the relationship between genetic variants influencing predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related glycemic traits, and human pancreatic islet transcription using RNA-Seq and genotyping data from 420 islet donors. We find: (a) eQTLs have a variable replication rate across the 44 GTEx tissues (<73%), indicating that our study captured islet-specific cis-eQTL signals; (b) islet eQTL signals show marked overlap with islet epigenome annotation, though eQTL effect size is reduced in the stretch enhancers most strongly implicated in GWAS signal location; (c) selective enrichment of islet eQTL overlap with the subset of T2D variants implicated in islet dysfunction; and (d) colocalization between islet eQTLs and variants influencing T2D or related glycemic traits, delivering candidate effector transcripts at 23 loci, including DGKB and TCF7L2. Our findings illustrate the advantages of performing functional and regulatory studies in tissues of greatest disease-relevance while expanding our mechanistic insights into complex traits association loci activity with an expanded list of putative transcripts implicated in T2D development.

  Study EGAS00001004042

• Phenotyping data on human pancreatic islets from 191 donors - Lund

  Most signals detected by genome-wide association studies map to non-coding sequence and their tissue-specific effects influence transcriptional regulation. However, many key tissues and cell-types required for appropriate functional inference are absent from large-scale resources such as ENCODE and GTEx. We explored the relationship between genetic variants influencing predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related glycemic traits, and human pancreatic islet transcription using RNA-Seq and genotyping data from 420 islet donors. We find: (a) eQTLs have a variable replication rate across the 44 GTEx tissues (<73%), indicating that our study captured islet-specific cis-eQTL signals; (b) islet eQTL signals show marked overlap with islet epigenome annotation, though eQTL effect size is reduced in the stretch enhancers most strongly implicated in GWAS signal location; (c) selective enrichment of islet eQTL overlap with the subset of T2D variants implicated in islet dysfunction; and (d) colocalization between islet eQTLs and variants influencing T2D or related glycemic traits, delivering candidate effector transcripts at 23 loci, including DGKB and TCF7L2. Our findings illustrate the advantages of performing functional and regulatory studies in tissues of greatest disease-relevance while expanding our mechanistic insights into complex traits association loci activity with an expanded list of putative transcripts implicated in T2D development.

  Study EGAS00001004056

• GWAS data on human pancreatic islets from 191 donors - Lund

  Most signals detected by genome-wide association studies map to non-coding sequence and their tissue-specific effects influence transcriptional regulation. However, many key tissues and cell-types required for appropriate functional inference are absent from large-scale resources such as ENCODE and GTEx. We explored the relationship between genetic variants influencing predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related glycemic traits, and human pancreatic islet transcription using RNA-Seq and genotyping data from 420 islet donors. We find: (a) eQTLs have a variable replication rate across the 44 GTEx tissues (<73%), indicating that our study captured islet-specific cis-eQTL signals; (b) islet eQTL signals show marked overlap with islet epigenome annotation, though eQTL effect size is reduced in the stretch enhancers most strongly implicated in GWAS signal location; (c) selective enrichment of islet eQTL overlap with the subset of T2D variants implicated in islet dysfunction; and (d) colocalization between islet eQTLs and variants influencing T2D or related glycemic traits, delivering candidate effector transcripts at 23 loci, including DGKB and TCF7L2. Our findings illustrate the advantages of performing functional and regulatory studies in tissues of greatest disease-relevance while expanding our mechanistic insights into complex traits association loci activity with an expanded list of putative transcripts implicated in T2D development.

  Study EGAS00001004044

• Genomic Landscape of Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors

  Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are cancers of the testis, ovary and extragonadal sites that occur in infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Post-pubertal (type II) malignant GCTs may present as a seminoma, non-seminoma or with mixed histologies. In contrast, pre-pubertal (type I) GCTs are limited to (benign) teratomas and (malignant) yolk sac tumors (YST). Epidemiologic and molecular data have shown that pre- and post-pubertal GCTs arise by distinct mechanisms. Dedicated studies of the genomic landscape of type I and II GCTs in children and adolescents are lacking. Here we present an integrated genomic analysis of extracranial GCTs across the age spectrum from 0-24 years.

  Study phs002009

• Systematic immune cell dysregulation and molecular subtypes revealed by single cell RNA-seq of subjects with type 1 diabetes

  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prototypic endocrine autoimmune disease resulting from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-secreting beta-cells. A comprehensive immune cell phenotype evaluation in T1DM has not been performed thus far at the single. In this cross-sectional analysis, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 46 manifest T1DM (Stage 3) cases and 31 matched controls.Our study reveals a surprisingly strong systemic dimension at the level of immune cell network in T1DM, defines disease-relevant molecular subtypes and has the potential to guide non-invasive test development and patient stratification.

  Study EGAS50000000231

• Dissecting the Spatial Heterogeneity of Single Circulating Tumor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  The dismal outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with intra- and extrahepatic metastases, which have been proposed to be initiated by circulating tumor cells (CTCs). However, the plasticity of gene expression and immune evasion mechanisms of CTCs during systemic circulation are not well defined. Here, we determined intra- and inter-vascular transcriptional heterogeneity within the circulatory system using single-cell RNA-sequencing of 113 CTCs isolated from four key vascular sites along their dissemination route in ten HCC patients.

  Study EGAS00001005204

• Genetics of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

  The Genetics of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) contributes data from unrelated individuals who were recruited at the Columbia University Medical Center (New York, USA), the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (Poland), the Universities of Parma, Bari, and Brescia, and the Gaslini Institute (Italy), the University of Skopje (Macedonia), and VUMC of Amsterdam (Netherlands). These individuals consented to share their data for scientific discovery. The purpose of the study is to investigate the genetic architecture of CAKUT.  Additionally, part of the data in this study was generated from 418 DNA samples from the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) study, and supplied by the NIDDK Central Repository. The RIVUR study was conducted by the RIVUR study investigators, and supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The Genetics of CAKUT study was not conducted in collaboration with investigators of the RIVUR study and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the RIVUR study, the NIDDK Central Repository, or the NIDDK. Genomic DNA samples were genotyped on Illumina Multi-Ethnic Global Arrays.

  Study phs001749

• Zostavax vaccination-induced changes in the T cell receptor repertoire to varicella zoster virus

  Diversity and size of the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire are two critical determinants for successful control of chronic infection. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) that establishes latency during childhood is able to escape control mechanisms, in particular with increasing age. We examined the TCR diversity of VZV-specific CD4 T cells in individuals older than 50 years by studying three identical twin pairs and three unrelated individuals before and after vaccination with live attenuated VZV. While all individuals had a small number of dominant T cell clones, the breadth of the VZV-specific repertoire differed markedly among different individuals. A genetic influence was seen for the sharing of individual TCR sequences from antigen-specific cells, but not for repertoire richness or the selection of clonal dominance. VZV vaccination favored the expansion of infrequent VZV-specific TCRs including those from naïve T cells while leaving dominant T cell clones mostly unaffected.

  Study phs001082

• Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (BioLINCC)

  The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a study of the characteristics of subclinical cardiovascular disease (disease detected non-invasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms) and the risk factors that predict progression to clinically overt cardiovascular disease or progression of the subclinical disease. MESA researchers study a diverse, population-based sample of 6,814 asymptomatic men and women aged 45-84. Thirty-eight percent of the recruited participants are white, 28 percent African-American, 22 percent Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian, predominantly of Chinese descent. Data available for request include phenotypic data previously released on BioLINCC as well as raw images (E.g. Echocardiogram) and raw tracing data files (e.g. Electrocardiogram). These new data are intended to be made available to interested researchers via BioData Catalyst, will include participants irrespective of participation in genetics (i.e. the full MESA cohort), and may be merged with currently posted (to dbGaP) phenotype and molecular datasets (WGS, GWA, RNA Seq, Methylation, Metabolomics, and Proteomics).

  Study phs003288