12450 results for ""non-traditional+communal+storytelling+approach"+novel+segment+noted+in+critical+commentary"

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• CAGE Profiling of ncRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reveals a Strong Activation of Retroviral LTR Promoters in Virus-Induced Tumors

  The ncRNA transcriptome of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unexplored. We used CAGE to characterize transcription start sites across different etiologies of human HCCs with emphasis on ncRNAs. Here we report that retroviral LTR promoters, expressed in healthy tissues such as testis and placenta but not liver, are widely activated in HCC. Despite HCC heterogeneity, a subset of LTR-derived ncRNAs were more than 10-fold up-regulated in the vast majority of samples. HCCs with a high LTR activity mostly had a viral etiology, were less differentiated and showed higher risk of recurrence. CAGE enabled us to build a promoter map for HCC, which uncovers a new layer of complexity in HCC genomics.

  Study phs000885

• Genomic Changes in Breast Cancer Among Chinese Women in Hong Kong

  Recently, tumor sequencing and profiling analyses have improved molecular classification and refined existing breast cancer subtypes. However, epidemiologic data are absent in most somatic profiling studies even in extensively studied Western populations. The expansion of genomic studies to understudied populations with the integration of etiologic factors will allow the capture of a much wider range of genetic structure and mutagenic exposures associated with breast cancer risk. We therefore conducted a detailed molecular characterization of paired breast tumor/normal tissues using fresh frozen tissues collected from breast cancer cases in an ongoing breast cancer case-control study in Hong Kong. These analyses included whole genome (WGS)/exome sequencing (WES), targeted DNA panel sequencing, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and genome-wide methylation profiling analyses.

  Study phs001870

• DAC for Genomic landscapes of endometrioid and mucinous ovarian cancers and morphologically similar tumor types

  While endometrioid and mucinous ovarian cancers represent nearly a quarter of ovarian cancers, their molecular characteristics and pathologic origins are poorly understood. To characterize the genomic and epigenomic alterations of these ovarian cancer subtypes and evaluate links to morphologically similar tumors from other sites, we performed sequence, copy number, mutation signature, rearrangement, and methylation analyses from tumor samples and matched normal tissues of 133 patients. These analyses included patients with ovarian endometrioid (n=44), ovarian mucinous (n=43), uterine endometrial (n=15), and gastrointestinal mucinous cancers (n=31). In addition to identifying genes previously known to be involved in these tumors, we identified alterations in RAD51C, NOTCH4, SMARCA1/4 and JAK1 in ovarian endometrioid, ESR1 in uterine endometrioid, and SMARCA4 in ovarian mucinous cancers. Whole genome sequencing revealed rearrangements involving PTEN, NF1, and NF2 in ovarian endometrioid tumors, and NF1 and MED1 in ovarian mucinous cancers. The number of alterations and affected genes in ovarian and uterine endometrioid cancers were similar as were genome-wide methylation profiles, suggesting that these tumors may have a similar tissue of origin. By contrast, methylation patterns in ovarian mucinous cancers were more similar to other gastrointestinal mucinous cancers, including mucinous cancers of the stomach, colon, and pancreas. These analyses provide insights into the genomic landscapes and origins of mucinous and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, providing new avenues for early clinical intervention and management of patients with these cancers.

  Dac EGAC50000000341

• Identification_of_rare_variants_associated_with_cardiovascular_traits_in_Cilento_isolates

  The aim of this project is to identify rare genetic variants of large effect implicated in complex diseases by focusing on the study of cardiovascular diseases and related quantitative traits in a well characterized isolated population in Cilento area, Italy.The reference panel has been selected carefully in order to maximize the imputation coverage and quality on the all population samples. The selected individuals should meet three criteria: selected individuals should be chip-genotyped and closely related to the maximum number of chip-genotyped individuals so as to maximize imputation coverage; relatedness between selected individuals should be minimal, so as to minimize redundancy in genetic information of the reference panel.We perform exome sequencing on samples from 250 individuals from the Campora and Gioi-Cardile populations.

  Study EGAS00001000620

• Neuroblastoma tumor heterogeneity and cell plasticity (from patients)

  Two cell identities, noradrenergic and mesenchymal, have been characterized in neuroblastoma cell lines according to their epigenetic landscapes relying on specific core regulatory circuitries of transcription factors. Yet, their relationship and relative contribution in patient tumors remain to be defined. Here, we document a spontaneous plasticity between the noradrenergic and mesenchymal identities in a subset of cell lines. Strikingly, mesenchymal neuroblastoma cells revert to a noradrenergic phenotype in vivo. Consistently, tumor cells with a mesenchymal identity are detected in single-cell transcriptomic analyses of neuroblastoma tumors and PDX models. Our data also highlight neuroblastoma intra-tumor heterogeneity with the co-existence of distinct tumor populations, including sympathoblast-like and chromaffin-like cells suggesting that neuroblastoma cells arise from a common sympatho-adrenal progenitor.

  Study EGAS00001005322

• Genome Asia 100K Project

  The underrepresentation of non-European individuals in human genetic studies so far has limited the diversity of individuals in genomic datasets and led to reduced medical relevance for a large proportion of the world’s population. Population-specific reference genome datasets as well as genome-wide association studies in diverse populations are needed to address this issue. Here we describe the pilot phase of the GenomeAsia 100K Project. This includes a whole-genome sequencing reference dataset from 1,739 individuals of 219 population groups and 64 countries across Asia. We catalogue genetic variation, population structure, disease associations and founder effects. We also explore the use of this dataset in imputation, to facilitate genetic studies in populations across Asia and worldwide.

  Study EGAS00001002921

• uganda_X

  Genotype data (in binary PLINK format) and imputed data (with merged 1000Gp3 and AGVP reference panel in GEMMA BIMBAM dosage format) for 1391 individuals from EMaBS in Entebbe, Uganda - X chromosome.

  Dataset EGAD00010002583

• nEODURVARIB clinical trial. Exome sequencing in advanced urothelial carcinoma

  Exome sequencing (BAM and VCF files) in advanced urothelial carcinoma in diagnostic and pos-ttreatment samples

  Dataset EGAD50000001162

• Phenotype-modifier genes in FHHNC

  Whole exome sequencing data in FHHNC patients stratified in extreme phenotypes to identify potential phenotype modifier variants

  Dataset EGAD50000001217

• Low-input PCHi-C data in CD4+ T cells

  Low-input PCHi-C data in CD4+ T cells from Malysheva et al.

  Study EGAS50000001316

• Whole-exome and transcriptome in RMS

  Whole-exome sequencing in 16 RMS casesWhole-transcriptome sequencing in 8 RMS cases

  Dataset EGAD00001001105

• Multi-Site Collaborative Study for Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Alzheimer's disease and Longitudinal follow-up of Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Alzheimer's disease and Neuroimaging component of Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Alzheimer's disease

  GenADA is a multi-site collaborative study, involving GlaxoSmithKline Inc and nine medical centres in Canada, to develop a dataset containing 1000 Alzheimer's disease patients and 1000 ethnically-matched controls in order to associate DNA sequence (allelic) variations in candidate genes with Alzheimer's disease phenotypes. The study consists of both retrospective and prospective components, that is, patients with an existing diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease as well as newly diagnosed patients were enrolled in the study. Thus, clinical data was retrospectively or prospectively obtained on Day 1 of entry into GenADA. Where possible, biological relatives with Alzheimer's (up to third degree relationship such as cousins) and unaffected siblings of AD cases were also recruited. Note that recruitment numbers for biological relatives were lower than expected and genotypic data has not been submitted to dbGap for these subjects. The purpose of this study is: To identify DNA sequence variations (genotype) in candidate genes that are associated with the clinical symptoms and behavioural features of Alzheimer's disease (phenotype), which differ between study participants with and without the disease. To identify other genotype-phenotype associations in cognitively impaired study participants such as age of onset, family history, rate of cognitive decline, patterns of behavioural/psychiatric non-cognitive symptoms factors, response to treatment co-morbid conditions, and risks/exposure. The final subject recruitment for this study included 875 Alzheimer's disease patients, 850 ethnically-matched controls, and 37 family members. GenADA LONG is a longitudinal assessment to the original GenADA study. Eligible subjects were recruited from five of the nine memory clinics that participated in the GenADA study. Mild to moderate AD participants, a matched subset of controls, and biological related siblings (both affected and unaffected) or other blood relatives affected with AD, were initially examined a minimum of 12 months from recruitment into the original GenADA study, then at two further intervals of 12 and 18 months after time of entry into GenADA LONG. This enables an evaluation of the disease progression in AD patients and a determination of whether controls show evidence of cognitive decline. The overall goal of this extension study is to identify genetic differences and environmental influences that modulate the age of onset of the disease, the course of the disease, and/or biomarkers for neurodegenerative processes. Three of the five memory clinics that participated in the GenADA LONG study recruited eligible patients into GenADA Imaging. A concurrent neuroimaging sub-study was conducted at three of the five memory clinics participating in GenADA LONG. Eligible AD cases with mild to moderate AD, who were recruited into the original GenADA study and participated in the GenADA LONG extension study, were enrolled. Additionally, controls that showed signs of cognitive decline, as part of the assessment in GenADA LONG, were imaged at baseline, 12 and 18 month scanning intervals. The objective of this study is to find genes that: affect changes in AD brain volume measure by magnetic resonance in order to investigate how well change in brain volume predicts other key clinical measures in AD, such as neurodegenerative scales; that correlate changes in brain volume for other genotype-phenotype associations in cognitively impaired study participants; and that correlate with other clinically applicable magnetic resonance measures of pathology that can be conducted at the same time as structural volume measures, and are complementary to the volume measures. The ultimate aim of this research is to obtain a better understanding and definition of Alzheimer's Disease in order to develop new improved medicines.

  Study phs000219

• Differential Gene Expression in Cryptorchid Testes

  Differential Gene Expression in Cryptorchid Testes Study uses whole-genome RNA profiling of testicular biopsies to determine a potential causative role of isolated congenital cryptorchidism in azoospermia and/or infertility in the context of our previously published GeneChip data. Cryptorchid patients, aged 7 months to 5 years and otherwise healthy, were enrolled in this prospective study. During surgery, testicular tissue biopsies were obtained for histological examination and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Fifteen patients were selected based on the histological results and were divided into two groups. Seven were classified as belonging to the high infertility risk (HIR) and eight to the low infertility risk (LIR) group. Cryptorchid boys in the high infertility risk group lacked transformation of gonocytes into Ad spermatogonia due to impaired mini puberty. This group of patients will be infertile despite successful surgery.

  Study phs001275

• International Collaboration of Incident HIV and HCV in Injecting Cohorts (InC3)

  This study represents a merged international multi-cohort project of pooled biological and behavioral data from ten prospective cohorts of injection drug users (Grebely J, Morris MD, Rice TM, Bruneau J, Cox AL, Kim AY, et al., 2012, PMID: 23203695). Of the 10 cohorts, six provided data and samples for the genome wide association study (GWAS) entitled “Genetic Analysis of Opioid Addiction in People Who Inject Drugs”. The InC3 cohorts included in the GWAS were: i) Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC-I, Sydney); ii) Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study in Prison (HITS-p) (Sydney); iii) Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study in Community (HITS-c) (Sydney); iv) HepCo Study (Montreal); v) SuperMIX Study (combining the Networks II & MIX studies, Melbourne); and vi) the UFO Study (San Francisco).

  Study phs002310

• Somatic L1 Retrotransposition in Colorectal Tumors

  The purpose of this study is to ascertain the locations of somatic LINE-1 retrotransposition events in human colon tumor samples by pooling multiple tumor samples from different patients and performing a targeted resequencing assay (Ewing and Kazazian, Genome Research 2010) to sequence the 3' flanking regions of all insertions in the pooled sample. The result is compared to the result of applying the same method to pooled normal samples from the same patients as were used in the pooled tumor sample and selecting sites that show an insertion in the tumor but not in the normaltissue and do not correspond to any known non-reference LINE-1 insertion allele. The selected sites are then validated by site-specific PCR and capillary sequencing to confirm that they represent LINE-1 insertions and to obtain breakpoint sequences.

  Study phs000536

• Consortium on Asthma among African-ancestry Populations in the Americas (CAAPA)

  Asthma is a complex disease where the interplay between genetic factors and environmental exposures influences susceptibility and disease prognosis. Asthmatics of African descent tend to have more severe asthma and more severe clinical symptoms than individuals of European ancestry. Advances in genetic and genomic technologies have revolutionized gene discovery for several complex diseases, but going to the next step in gene discovery for asthma among populations of African descent requires considering unique characteristics of this ethnic group, including adequate sample sizes and population stratification due to (European and African) admixture. Thus far, coverage of common genetic markers both in public databases and commercially available SNP chips has been inadequate to detect and measure genetic associations among African admixed populations. The aim of this study was therefore to catalog genetic diversity in populations of African descent, especially those whose ancestry reflects the African Diaspora in the Americas.

  Study phs001123

• Location and Function of NSun2-Mediated Cytosine-5 Methylation in RNA and its Effect on Translation

  Mutations in the cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase NSun2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders and symptoms commonly found in patients with Dubowitz-like syndrome. Some tRNAs are known to be methylated NSun2, however the occurrence of cytosine-5 methylation (m5C) in other RNA biotypes is still under debate. Location in RNA and function of m5C has not been studied yet. This study is aimed at identifying new m5C methylated RNA biotypes, as well as the location at specific structures or sequences and the ultimate biological function. The impact of the loss of NSun2-mediated methylation is also determined by comparing gene expression data with the global cytosine-5 RNA methylome in Dubowitz-like syndrome patients. We also use ribosomal profiling to assess the impact of the loss and rescue of Nsun2-mediated cytosine-5 RNA methylation on translation rates and ribosome occupancy.

  Study phs000645

• Combined PDCD1, BRAF and MAP2K7 Inhibition in BRAFV600E Colorectal Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial

  In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of combined PDCD1, BRAF, and MAP2K7 inhibition in metastatic BRAFV600E Colorectal Cancer (CRC) patients (NCT03668431). We performed bulk whole exome sequencing (WXS) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in 35 pre-treatment tumor biopsies and matching germline for tumor mutational burden (TMB), BM1/BM2 transcriptional subtypes, and consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) analysis, which were previously reported to affect prognosis and response to therapy (PMIDs: 32047001, 27354468, and 26457756). Analysis of bulk data showed that TMB, BM1/BM2 subtypes, and CMS did not correlate with clinical response in this study. Analysis of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data of tumor epithelial cells from 23 paired day 0 and day 15 tumor biopsies revealed greater induction of tumor cell-intrinsic immune programs and more complete MAPK inhibition in patients with better clinical outcome.

  Study phs003178

• Origin of second malignancies in children

  Pediatric cancers are rare diseases, and children without known germline predisposing conditions who develop a second malignancy during developmental ages are extremely rare. We present four such clinical cases and through whole-genome and error-correcting ultra-deep duplex sequencing of tumor and normal samples, we explored the origin of the second malignancy in four children, uncovering different routes of development. The exposure to cytotoxic therapies was linked to the emergence of a secondary AML. A common somatic mutation acquired early during embryonic development was the driver of two solid malignancies in another child. In two cases, the two tumors developed from completely independent clones diverging during embryogenesis. Importantly, we demonstrate that platinum-based therapies contributed at least in one order of magnitude more mutations per day of exposure than aging to normal tissues in these children.

  Study EGAS50000000167

• Alterations in the gut microbiome implicate key taxa and metabolic pathways across inflammatory arthritis phenotypes

  Musculoskeletal diseases affect up to 20% of adults worldwide. The gut microbiome has been implicated in inflammatory conditions, but large-scale metagenomic evaluations have not yet traced the routes by which immunity in the gut affects inflammatory arthritis. To characterize the community structure and associated functional processes driving gut microbial involvement in arthritis, the Inflammatory Arthritis Microbiome Consortium investigated 440 stool shotgun metagenomes comprising 221 adults diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or psoriatic arthritis and 219 healthy controls and individuals with joint pain without an underlying inflammatory cause. Diagnosis explained about 2% of gut taxonomic variability, which is comparable in magnitude to inflammatory bowel disease. We identified several candidate microbes with differential carriage patterns in patients with elevated blood markers for inflammation. Our results confirm and extend previous findings of increased carriage of typically oral and inflammatory taxa and decreased abundance and prevalence of typical gut clades, indicating that distal inflammatory conditions, as well as local conditions, correspond to alterations to the gut microbial composition. We identified several differentially encoded pathways in the gut microbiome of patients with inflammatory arthritis, including changes in vitamin B salvage and biosynthesis and enrichment of iron sequestration. Although several of these changes characteristic of inflammation could have causal roles, we hypothesize that they are mainly positive feedback responses to changes in host physiology and immune homeostasis. By connecting taxonomic alternations to functional alterations, this work expands our understanding of the shifts in the gut ecosystem that occur in response to systemic inflammation during arthritis.

  Dataset EGAD50000000567

• Recurrent CLTC::SYK fusions and CSF1R mutations in juvenile xanthogranuloma of soft tissue

  In this study, the genomic landscape of extracutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) was analyzed. By leveraging the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (Palga), tumor samples were obtained from different academic medical centers in the Netherlands. The study was approved by the Palga Scientific Council and Privacy Committee (LZV-2016-183) and the Institutional Review Board of Leiden University Medical Center (B19.074). In addition, the study was approved by the Biobank and Data Access Committee of the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology (PMCLAB2024.0512). Provided are whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) data of 3 histiocytic tumors with CLTC::SYK fusions. WTS was performed in the routine workflow of the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology (as described in Hehir-Kwa, et al. JCO Precis Oncol 2022). RNA was derived from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue (n=1) or from frozen tumor tissue (n=2).

  Study EGAS50000000584

• Randomized Phase II 2 x 2 Factorial Trial of the Addition of Carboplatin +/- Bevacizumab to Neoadjuvant Weekly Paclitaxel Followed by Dose-Dense AC in Hormone Receptor-Poor/HER2-Negative Resectable Breast Cancer: DNA Sequencing

  This randomized phase II trial studies how well paclitaxel with or without carboplatin and/or bevacizumab followed by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide works in treating patients with breast cancer that can be removed by surgery. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as paclitaxel, carboplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Bevacizumab may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor. Giving chemotherapy together with bevacizumab before surgery may make the tumor smaller and reduce the amount of normal tissue that needs to be removed. All participants in this study were female. RNA sequencing data from the same patients were published under phs001863. Subject aliases are the same in the two datasets.

  Study phs003801

• SweGen: a whole-genome data resource of genetic variability in a cross-section of the Swedish population

  The SweGen project represents a comprehensive map of genetic variation in the Swedish population. This Study contains four datasets where the first one contains whole-genome sequencing data in CRAM-format for 942 individuals from the Swedish Twin Registry, the second one contains genetic variant frequencies in VCF-format for the same individuals, the third one contains whole-genome sequencing data in CRAM-format for 58 individuals from the Northern Sweden Population Health Study and the fourth one contains genetic variant frequencies in VCF-format for the same individuals. The data, serving as a reference dataset, is a valuable and national resource for genetics research and clinical diagnostics and can be used, for instance, to increase understanding of both rare and complex disorders. It also serves as an international resource for larger studies of human population genetics.

  Study EGAS50000000906

• Genetic and transcriptional landscape of plasma cells in POEMS syndrome

  POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic disease, associated with monoclonal plasma cells whose pathogenic importance remains unclear. We performed comprehensive genetic analyses of plasma cells in 20 patients with POEMS syndrome. Whole exome sequencing and targeted sequencing identified 7 recurrently mutated genes: KLHL6, LTB, EHD1, EML4, HEPHL1, HIPK1, and PCDH10. None of the driver gene mutations frequently found in multiple myeloma (MM) such as NRAS, KRAS, BRAF, and TP53 was detected. Copy number analysis showed chromosomal abnormalities shared with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). RNA sequencing revealed a transcription profile specific to POEMS syndrome, especially in terms of tumorigenesis. Unexpectedly, disease-specific VEGFA expression was not increased in POEMS syndrome. Our study illustrates that the genetic and transcriptional profiles of plasma cells in POEMS syndrome are distinct from MM and MGUS, indicating its unique pathogenesis.

  Study JGAS000150

• RNA-seq, WGS and WES of Hepatocellular carcinomas, enriched in fibrolamellar carcinomas

  DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion is a specific driver event in fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC), a rare subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring in adolescents and young adults. In older patients, molecular determinants of HCC with mixed histological features of HCC and FLC (mixed-FLC/HCC) remain to be discovered.This study aims to molecularly caracterize mixed fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (mixed FLC/HCC) within the molecular liver tumors diversity, in respect of pure FLC and different HCC subtypes. This study reunites WGS data (n=3, Tumoral/Non-Tumoral pairs), WES data (n=43, Tumoral/Non-Tumoral pairs) and RNAseq data (n=66, Tumoral only). On a trascriptomic level, most of the mixed-FLC/HCC RNAseq clustered in a robust subgroup of tumors all showing mutation or translocation inactivating BAP1 that codes for the BRCA1 associated protein-1.

  Study EGAS00001003837