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• The Innate Immune Response as a Therapeutic Target for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

  The overall goal of the proposed project is to identify innate host functions that contribute to cure or failure during antileishmanial drug therapy, and their related biomarkers. Results from this project enabled the identification of host-specific predictive and prognostic signatures of therapeutic responsiveness, and the bases for rational selection of host-targeted therapeutics that redirect inflammation and revert pathogenicity. Through sequential transcriptomic profiling of blood monocytes (Mo), neutrophils (Nφ), and eosinophils (Eφ) over the course of systemic treatment with meglumine antimoniate, we discovered that a heightened and sustained Type I interferon (IFN) response signature is a hallmark of treatment failure (TF) in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) patients. The transcriptomes of pre-treatment, mid-treatment and end-of-treatment samples were interrogated to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers of TF. Results from this study instigate the evaluation of Type-I IFN responses as new immunological targets for host-directed therapies for treatment of CL, and highlight the feasibility of using transcriptional signatures as predictive biomarkers of outcome for therapeutic decision making.

  Study phs003545

• Genome-wide analyses of cell-free DNA for therapeutic monitoring of patients with pancreatic cancer

  Determining response to therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer can be challenging. We evaluated methods for assessing therapeutic response using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma samples from 40 patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer as part of the CheckPAC trial (NCT02866383). Patients were evaluated before and after initiation of therapy using tumor-informed plasma whole-genome sequencing (WGMAF), and genome-wide cfDNA fragmentation profiles and repeat landscapes (ARTEMIS-DELFI). Of those assessed with WGMAF, molecular responders had a median overall survival (OS) of 319 days compared to 126 days for non-responders (HR=0.29, 95% CI=0.11–0.79, p=0.011). For ARTEMIS-DELFI, patients with low scores after therapy initiation had a longer median OS than patients with high scores (233 days versus 172 days, HR=0.12, 95% CI=0.046-0.31, p<0.0001). We validated ARTEMIS-DELFI in a separate cohort of 40 patients with pancreatic cancer who were part of the PACTO trial (NCT02767557). These analyses suggest that non-invasive mutation and fragmentation-based cfDNA approaches can identify therapeutic response of individuals with pancreatic cancer.

  Study EGAS50000000923

• BAMSE (Swedish abbreviation for Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology)

  The BAMSE (Swedish abbreviation for Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology) study is an ongoing longitudinal, population-based prospective birth cohort including 4,089 children born between 1994 and 1996 in Stockholm, Sweden. The cohort was initially designed to study risk factors for asthma, allergic diseases and lung function in childhood, and to study factors of importance for prognosis at already established disease.Questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and medication were answered at age of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 years. Response rates ranged from 96-82% at each occasion with very minor selection bias over the years. Exposure to air pollutants and other environmental factors has been mapped since birth.At the 8 and 16 year follow-up, spirometry and FeNO measurements were performed and at the latter, impulse oscillometry was measured. Blood samples (including plasma) from around 2,500 children were taken at 4, 8 and 16 years and have been analyzed for different IgE-ab and biomarkers. Genome-wide genetic, global methylation and transcriptomic data exist on a subset of the children.

  Study EGAS00001002746

• A combined circulating tumor DNA and protein biomarker-based liquid biopsy for the earlier detection of pancreatic cancer

  The earlier diagnosis of cancer is one of the keys to reducing future cancer deaths. Here we describe our efforts to develop a non-invasive, blood test for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We combined blood tests for KRAS gene mutations with carefully thresholded protein biomarkers to determine whether the combination of these markers was superior to any single marker. The cohort tested included 221 patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 185 control patients without known cancers. KRAS mutations were detected in the plasma of 66 patients (30%) and every mutation found in the plasma was identical to that subsequently found in the patients' primary tumor (100% concordance). The use of KRAS in conjunction with two thresholded protein biomarkers (CA19-9 and prolactin) increased the sensitivity to 67%. Only one of the 185 plasma samples from the control cohort were positive for any of the three markers (99.5% specificity). This combinatorial approach may prove useful for the earlier detection of many cancer types.

  Study EGAS00001002444

• An Isogenic Cell Line Panel for Sequence-based Screening of Targeted Anti-cancer Drugs

  We describe the creation and characterization of an isogenic cell line panel representing common cancer pathways, with multiple features optimized for high-throughput screening. More than 1,800 cell lines from three normal human cells were generated using CRISPR-technologies. Surprisingly, we discovered most of these lines did not result in complete gene inactivation, despite integration of sgRNA at the desired genomic site. However, a subset of the lines harbored true, biallelic disruptions of the targeted tumor suppressor gene, yielding a final panel of 100 well-characterize lines covering 19 pathways frequently subject to loss of function in cancers. This panel included genetic markers optimized for sequence-based ratiometric assays for drug-based screening assays. To illustrate the potential utility of this panel, we developed a multiplexed high-throughput screen that identified Wee1 inhibitor MK-1775 as a selective growth inhibitor of cells with inactivation of TP53. These cell lines and screening approach should prove useful for researchers studying a variety of cellular and biochemical phenomena

  Study EGAS00001005974

• dbGaP Collection: NHLBI Heart Failure Related dbGaP Data (No IRB requirement)

  The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Big Data Analysis Challenge: Creating New Paradigms for Heart Failure Research has concluded. The NHLBI will continue to make this collection of data available to the research community.Past information regarding the Data Collection for the NHLBI Big Data Analysis Challenge: Creating New Paradigms for Heart Failure Research is below.The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is inviting novel Solutions for the NHLBI Big Data Analysis Challenge: Creating New Paradigms for Heart Failure Research. The goal of the challenge is to foster innovation in computational analysis and machine learning approaches utilizing large-scale NHLBI-funded datasets to identify new paradigms in heart failure research. The challenge aims to address the need for new open source disease models that can define sub-categorizations of adult heart failure to serve as a springboard for new research hypotheses and tool development in areas of heart failure research from basic to clinical settings. NHLBI has a history of making considerable investments in the creation of deep data resources including: long-standing, deeply-phenotyped epidemiological cohorts, innovative clinical trials, and large-scale precision medicine efforts that have generated whole genome sequencing and "other omics" data for more than one-hundred thousand individuals. To provide challenge participants with streamlined access to data across NHLBI's numerous studies containing heart failure data, the NHLBI has created this dbGaP study collection. Data access for this collection is controlled by NHLBI's Data Access Committee. Challenge participants are required to follow the use restrictions and acknowledgement instructions from the original dataset(s). Please note that the data in this collection are not harmonized across studies or otherwise altered from the original study. The NHLBI Big Data Analysis Challenge: Heart Failure Data Collection contains all NHLBI studies currently in dbGaP that contain data that may be relevant to research on heart failure. The studies in this collection are approved for General Research Use (GRU), Health/Medical/Biomedical Use (HMB), or Disease-Specific Use (DS) that permits research on heart failure. These studies span a variety of study designs, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample sizes, and provide a wide breadth and depth of phenotype data on study participants. The available genomic data in these studies also varies, including genotyping arrays, sequencing (targeted, exome, whole genome), and additional -omic data (e.g., RNA or metabolite profiles). Please refer to each study's individual accession page to learn more about how study data were collected. Challenge participants are reminded that in addition to dbGaP, NHLBI's Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC) contains other studies that have collected data relevant to heart failure and may wish to utilize BioLINCC data in the development of their Solution. Please refer to the individual accession page for each study in this collection to learn more about the history of each study.

  Study phs001991

• Whole Exome Sequencing for Colorectal Cancer

  This project was designed to use next generation sequencing technology to screen the protein coding regions of the genome for low frequency variants in a panel of high-risk colorectal adenocarcinoma cases. Blood and cell-line DNA for colorectal cancer patients and a subset of quality control samples that had existing whole exome sequence data were analyzed using Illumina HiSeq sequencers. Samples from this project were from participants in the Women&#39;s Health Initiative (WHI) and the Diet, Activity, and Lifestyle Study (DALS).

  Study phs000410

• Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing Provides Comprehensive Mutation Profiling for Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors

  Tumor molecular profiling is increasingly important for the diagnosis and clinical management of childhood brain tumors, including diffuse midline glioma (DMG). We established a targeted deep sequencing approach using the TruSight Oncology 500 ctDNA exome panel to detect tumor genomic mutations and copy number variations in circulating tumor DNA from children diagnosed with DMG. In this study, we present the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical implications of our liquid biopsy sequencing approach for tumor genome profiling in children with DMG.

  Study phs003022

• WGS data for EBiSC iPSC lines

  The European Bank for Induced Pluripotent stem cells (EBiSC) is designed to address the increasing demand by iPSC researchers for quality-controlled, disease-relevant research grade iPSC lines, data and cell services. In this study Whole Genome Sequencing was performed on a selection of lines from the project.

  Study EGAS50000000742

• ctDNA multigenic panel for non-small cell lung cancer

  Detection of actionable mutations in liquid biopsies constitute an important tool for management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in the era of oncology precision medicine. We aimed to evaluate the actionable alterations using a commercial multi-gene panel in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) derived from plasma samples of treatment naïve and prior-treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. For this, we analyze plasma samples of 30 subjects with non-small cell lung cancer.

  Study EGAS50000000643