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• Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Human Cerebellum

  We sought to characterize neural progenitors within spatially demarcated regions of the human cerebellum at a molecular level during neurogenesis. We used laser-capture microdissection to enrich for cells within the ventricular zone and subventricular zone regions of the rhombic lip, external granule cell layer and Purkinje cell layer, then performed RNA-sequencing on the enriched samples.

  Study phs001908

• Transcriptome and Exome from longitudinal samples of human glioblastoma

  We obtained paired longitudinal specimens from a total of 38 glioblastoma (GBM) patients (34 primary and 4 secondary GBM patients). Treatment-naive initial tumors were available for 35 cases; for the other 3 cases, we used the first available recurrent tumors in lieu of initial tumors. Tumor specimens were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (27 of 38 cases, with the matched normal/blood for 22 of the 27 cases) and transcriptome sequencing (30 of 38 cases).

  Dataset EGAD00001001424

• scRNA-seq using 10X Genomics platform

  Matrices of counts from single-cell RNA-seq data for 15 samples from patients with ovarian cancer, 5 samples for each of the 3 tumor immune phenotypes (Infiltrated, Excluded and Desert). Dissociated cells from each tumor sample have been sorted to isolate live cells from the 3 compartments: tumor, immune and stromal. Each of the compartments has been analyzed separately by scRNAseq, excluding some desert tumors for which cells from the stromal and immune compartments have been pooled. Sequencing was performed using 10X Genomics Chromium Single Cell platform (v2 Chemistry).

  Dataset EGAD00001006974

• Genome analysis of common diseases among older Japanese adults and development of clinical genome information storage

  A comprehensive gene expression analysis of the process leading up to the onset of Alzheimer???s disease (AD) would be helpful for understanding the mechanism. We performed an RNA sequencing analysis on a cohort of 1227 Japanese blood samples, representing 424 AD patients, 543 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 260 cognitively normal (CN) individuals. A total of 883 and 1169 statistically significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CN and MCI (CN-MCI) and between MCI and AD (MCI-AD), respectively. Pathway analyses using these DEGs, followed by protein???protein interaction network analysis, revealed key roles of ribosomal genes (RPL7, RPL11, and RPL14) and phagosomes (CDC42, PTPRC, PLCG1, and ACTR2) in MCI progression, whereas immune-related genes were involved in AD progression. Given the known effectiveness of delaying MCI progression in preventing AD, the genes related to ribosomal function and phagocytosis might emerge as biomarkers for early diagnosis.

  Study JGAS000755

• MATISSE bulk RNA-sequencing data

  Tumor availability: Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on tumor biopsies of 48 patients at baseline and 45 patients across time points (baseline n=48, week 1 n=38, week 2 n=34, week 4 n=37), including lymph node metastasis that were sequenced in addition to the primary tumor. Tumor RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary tumor and lymph node metastasis sections containing at least 10% viable tumor cells present in the sample, except for on-treatment samples with a complete pathological response in which we isolated samples with at least 10% immune-infiltration with no viable tumor cells. A pathologist (LS) scored the tumor percentage and indicated the most tumor-dense region on a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain slide for subsequent RNA isolation. According to the manufacturer's protocol, five to 10 FFPE slides (10 µm) were used for RNA isolation using the AllPrep DNA/RNA FFPE isolation kit (Qiagen, 80234) and the QIAcube. Genetic Diagnostics and Sequencing Services (CeGaT) performed RNA sequencing in Germany. Data processing: Demultiplexing of the sequencing reads was performed with Illumina bcl2fastq (v2.20). Adapters of the reads (Pico v2 SMART adapter, first three nucleotides of the second sequencing read) were trimmed with Skewer (v0.2.2), without quality trimming. RNA-sequencing data was aligned to GRCh38 (Ensembl v109) using STAR (v2.7.9) in 2-pass mode with default settings. Gene counts were generated with the HTSeq (v2.0.2). FastQC (v0.12.1) and MultiQC (v1.14) were used for assessing data quality, on FASTQ files and intermediate processing steps.

  Dataset EGAD50000001470

• Mapping the epigenomic landscape of human monocytes following innate immune activation reveals context-specific mechanisms driving endotoxin tolerance

  Background Monocytes are key mediators of innate immunity to infection, undergoing profound and dynamic changes in epigenetic state and immune function which are broadly protective but may be dysregulated in disease. Here, we aimed to advance understanding of epigenetic regulation following innate immune activation, acutely and in endotoxin tolerant states. Methods We exposed human primary monocytes from healthy donors (n=6) to interferon-γ or differing combinations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), including acute response (2hr) and two models of endotoxin tolerance: repeated stimulations (6+6hr) and prolonged exposure to endotoxin (24hr). Another subset of monocytes was left untreated (naïve). We identified context-specific regulatory elements based on epigenetic signatures for chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and regulatory non-coding RNAs from total RNA sequencing. Results We present an atlas of differential gene expression for endotoxin and interferon response, identifying widespread context specific changes. Across assayed states, only 24-29% of genes showing differential exon usage are also differential at the gene level. Overall, 19.9% (6884 of 34616) of repeatedly observed ATAC peaks were differential in at least one condition, the majority upregulated on stimulation and located in distal regions (64.1% vs 45.9% of non-differential peaks) within which sequences were less conserved than non-differential peaks. We identified enhancer-derived RNA signatures specific to different monocyte states that correlated with chromatin accessibility changes. The endotoxin tolerance models showed distinct chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic signatures, with integrated analysis identifying genes and pathways involved in the inflammatory response, detoxification, metabolism and wound healing. We leveraged eQTL mapping for the same monocyte activation states to link potential enhancers with specific genes, identifying 1,946 unique differential ATAC peaks with 1,340 expression associated genes. We further use this to inform understanding of reported GWAS, for example involving FCHO1 and coronary artery disease. Conclusion This study reports context-specific regulatory elements based on transcriptomic profiling and epigenetic signatures for enhancer-derived RNAs and chromatin accessibility in immune tolerant monocyte states, and demonstrates the informativeness of linking such elements and eQTL to inform future mechanistic studies aimed at defining therapeutic targets of immunosuppression and diseases.

  Study EGAS00001007362

• Research Study into The Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Neuropathies

  Identification of genes implicated in inherited neuropathy through collecting and sequencing multiple generation families with inherited neuropathy. Patients in this study have been evaluated for demyelinating peripheral neuropathy as determined by decreased motor nerve conduction velocities in the sural nerve. Patients have also been screened for mutations in all genes implicated in demyelinating peripheral neuropathy and are expected to have previously unidentified mutations. Exome (WES) sequencing for two patients affected with inherited neuropathy. VCF files with called variants for each de-identified patient have been submitted.

  Study phs001351

• RNaseq of mantle cell lymphoma patient samples

  This study presents bulk RNA sequencing data from 78 clinical mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) samples. Following rigorous quality control and batch effect correction to account for sample type and redundancy, 62 samples from 59 patients were included in the final analysis. The transcriptomic profiles capture the molecular diversity across both solid and liquid tumor contexts and support investigations into the phenotypic plasticity and metabolic states of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells.

  Study EGAS50000001086

• Transcriptome Sequencing PPGL

  RNA library preparation of samples with RNA Integrity Number (RIN) > 5.5 (median 7.1; range 5.6-8.9) was performed as described in the TruSeq Stranded mRNA Library Prep Kit (Illumina, RS-122-2101). Briefly, 0.7-1 µg total RNA PolyA+ fraction was purified and randomly fragmented, converted to double stranded cDNA and processed through subsequent enzymatic treatments of end-repair, dA-tailing, and ligation to adapters. Adapter-ligated library was completed by PCR with Illumina PE primers. The resulting purified cDNA library was applied to an Illumina flow cell for cluster generation and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2500 on a 51bp single-read format following manufacturer's protocols. cDNA libraries from FFPE tumors and low integrity RNA’s (RIN<5.5) from FF tumors (median 2.4; range 1-5.5) but % of fragments > 200 nucleotides higher than 20% (median 57.5; range 20-96) were prepared using QuantSeq 3’ mRNA-Seq Library Prep Kit FWD for Illumina (Lexogen, 015) with a UMI Second Strand Synthesis Module for QuantSeq FWD (Lexogen, 081), vendor’s protocol for low input/ low quality/ FFPE RNA using 200-500 ng of total RNA, according to availability, was used as starting material. PCR Add-on Kit for Illumina (Lexogen, 020) was used to adjust the library amplification number of cycles. Libraries were applied to an Illumina flow cell for cluster generation and sequenced on NovaSeq6000. Image analysis, per-cycle basecalling and quality score assignment was performed with Illumina Real Time Analysis software. Demultiplexing of BCL files to FASTQ format was performed with the bcl2fastq Software (Illumina).

  Study EGAS00001006044

• Association studies using the Metabochip array - Samples analysed by the WTCCC (1958 British Birth Cohort (58BC), Hypertension cohort (HT), Type 2 Diabetes Cohort (T2D) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) cohort)

  Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have proven a powerful hypothesis-free method to identify common disease-associated variants. Even quite large GWAS, however, have only at best identified moderate proportions of the genetic variants contributing to disease heritability. To provide cost-effective genotyping of common and rare variants to map the remaining heritability and to fine-map established loci, the Metabochip Consortium has developed a 200,000 SNP chip that has been produced in very large numbers for a fraction of the cost of GWAS chips. This chip provides a powerful tool for genetic studies of metabolic, cardiovascular and anthropometric traits (Voight et al., in press PLoS Genetics).

  Study EGAS00000000115

• WTCCC2 Reading and Mathematics (RM) samples

  A WTCCC2 project genome-wide association study for reading and mathematics ability in 3665 12-year-old individuals from the UK, genotyped on the Affymetrix 6.0 array. Details of the WTCCC2 analysis can be found in Davis et al. [Nat. Commun. 2014 July;5:4204]

  Study EGAS00001000886

• Immunogenetics of BCG Vaccination and Pediatric Tuberculosis

  We examined genetic variation associated with BCG-induced innate immune responses and susceptibility to pediatric tuberculosis (TB) disease. South African study participants were enrolled at the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) as part of a larger BCG vaccination study. This area has one of the highest rates of TB incidence in the world. Infants were vaccinated with BCG at birth, and a nested case-control study was performed over a 2-year prospective observation period, which resulted in 135 infant TB cases and 521 controls. Whole blood was collected from BCG vaccinated infants at 10 weeks of age. Genotyping was performed with the llumina MegaEx Beadchip, and GWAS was performed against TB disease to assess for associations between genetic variants and susceptibility to TB. In addition, a subset of infants were assessed for BCG-induced innate immune responses (N=198). For these, whole blood was stimulated with BCG or media and flow cytometry was used to measure BCG-induced PDL1, CD40, and cytokine expression in myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC) dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. Cellular GWAS was then performed to associate genetic variants with BCG-induced immune responses.

  Study phs003406

• TS and WGS data

  The dataset contains the targeted sequencing (TS) and the whole genome low pass (WGS) BAM files of the study. For the TS: Samples: TS_XXX There are normal and tumor DNA samples. Each DNA strand has been sequenced independently (PoolA and PoolB). A TruSeq Custom Amplicon panel of 20 genes frequently mutated in ILC and/or ER-positive BC in general was designed using DesignStudio from Illumina: AKT1, ARID1A, CDH1, ERBB2, ERBB3, ESR1, FOXA1, GATA3, IGF1R, JAK2, MAP2K4, MAP3K1, NF1, PIK3CA, PTEN, RB1, RUNX1, STAT3, TBX3, and, TP53. For the WGS: Samples: WGS_XXX There are normal and tumor DNA samples. Samples were sequenced to an average target coverage of 0.5X.

  Dataset EGAD00001006393

• Inherited T Cell Defects: Diagnosis, Mechanisms and Treatments

  Infants with abnormal newborn screen results for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and their parents were enrolled in UCSF IRB approved protocols with informed consent to have molecular and immunologic investigation to determine the cause of the infant's low T lymphocytes. Studies included exome sequencing of DNA from the infant and both parents. Candidate variants were investigated in mouse and zebrafish model organisms.

  Study phs002968

• UK10K_RARE_THYROID

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches.Two cohorts of subjects are being analysed: Individuals with Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) due either to dysgenesis or dyshormonogenesis; Patients with Resistance to Thyroid hormone (RTH), a disorder characterized by elevated thyroid hormones and variable tissue refractoriness to hormone action. The CH cohort has been enriched for genetic aetiologies by recruiting cases that are familial, on a consanguineous background or syndromic. The RTH cohort consists of cases in which candidate gene analyses have been negative.For further information with regard to this cohort please contact Krishna Chatterjee (kkc1@medschl.cam.ac.uk).

  Study EGAS00001000131

• Genomic Landscape of Apical Periodontitis

  We undertook the first genome-wide association (GWAS) study of apical periodontitis, enrolling 932 patients with deep carious lesions at UTHealth School of Dentistry and the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine. We used a case-control design to compare those with apical periodontitis to those without. Genotype data was generated for all participants and imputed using the TOPMed reference panel. We performed a single-variant association testing, a subphenotype analysis, and a genetically regulated expression association analysis, and generated a polygenic risk score and performed phenome-wide association analysis. We identified eight near-genome-wide significant loci for our primary outcome, eight genes where genetically regulated expression was associated with apical periodontitis status, and 33 phecodes that were associated with the generated polygenic risk score. We also replicated three loci previously reported in the literature. Genotype, phenotype, and results from the primary association analysis will be available via dbGaP.

  Study phs003252

• Precision Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Middle Eastern Populations

  We constructed de novo genome assemblies for six family trios from diverse Middle Eastern ancestries (Sudan, Jordan, Syria, Qatar, and Afghanistan), involving probands with various unresolved neurodevelopmental conditions. We generated high-quality, nearly complete genome assemblies for trios, revealing extended novel sequence impacting known genes, novel HLA/KIR alleles, and strong signals of inbreeding, with runs of homozygosity covering large parts of individual chromosomes. We also identified potential disease variants underlying the unresolved symptoms. Also, the assemblies uncovered unique variation relative to existing references, showing enhanced mapping and variant calling of Middle Eastern genomes. The dataset available through dbGaP includes raw short (Illumina) and long (PacBio) sequencing reads and assembled haplotypes.

  Study phs003917

• Genomic profiling of IBC

  We collected matched pretreatment blood and tumor samples from 19 patients with primary TN-IBC enrolled in a phase II clinical trial (NCT02876107). Patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or the anti-EGFR antibody panitumumab (PmAb) plus NAC (PmAb/NAC). We conducted whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and CIBERSORT analyses for these TN-IBC samples and compare the genetic and molecular profiles with similarly analyzed stage III TN-non-IBC patient samples. We also compared the genetic and molecular characteristics of TN-IBC in patients who had a pathologic complete response (pCR) to NAC or PmAb/NAC treatment, a suitable surrogate endpoint for IBC, with those who did not have pCR (non-pCR).

  Study EGAS00001007520

• Effect of ETS2 modulation on chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity in inflammatory (TPP) macrophages

  This dataset consists of H3K27ac ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq in primary human macrophages following modulation of ETS2 expression. There are three datasets: H3K27ac ChIP-seq in ETS2-edited and unedited inflammatory (TPP) macrophages, H3K27ac ChIP-seq in ETS2-overexpressing and control M0 macrophages, and ATAC-seq in ETS2-edited and unedited inflammatory macrophages. For editing experiments, monocytes were transfected with CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins containing a gRNA that was validated to edit ETS2, or a non-targeting control gRNA. Inflammatory macrophage differentiation was performed using conditions that model chronic inflammation (TPP): 3 days GM-CSF (50ng/mL) followed by 3 days GM-CSF, TNFa (50ng/mL), PGE2 (1mg/mL), and Pam3CSK4 (1mg/mL). For overexpression experiments, controlled overexpression of ETS2 mRNA or control mRNA (an equivalent amount of mRNA encoding the reverse complement of ETS2 – thereby controlling for the quantity, length and purine/pyrimidine composition of the transfected RNA but with a transcript that would not be translated) was induced in resting, non-activated (M0) macrophages by transfecting 500ng mRNA. To minimise non-specific activation due to the transfected RNA, in vitro transcription was performed using co-transcriptional capping (to minimise uncapped products), and incorporating modified, minimally immunogenic nucleotides (replacing uridine with N1-methyl-pseudouridine and cytidine with methylcytidine). After 18 hours, transfected cells were were activated with low dose LPS and harvested 6 hours later. For H3K27ac ChIP-seq, cells were harvested, cross-linked, quenched, lysed, and sheared. Immunoprecipitation of histone-DNA complexes was performed overnight at 4C with rotation using an anti-H3K27ac antibody and the SimpleChIP Plus Sonication ChIP kit (Cell Signaling Technology). Following reverse cross-linking, 50ng of immunoprecipitated DNA or input DNA were used to prepare sequencing libraries using the iDeal Library Preparation kit (Diagenode), according to manufacturer instructions. 10 PCR cycles were used for the amplification step and size selection was not performed. The quality and molarity of all libraries was assessed using a BioAnalyzer 2100 (Agilent) and the libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Raw data are provided as raw and aligned sequencing reads from H3K27ac-bound DNA and the input chromatin. ATAC-seq in TPP macrophages was performed using the Omni-ATAC protocol (Corces et al 2017) with the following modifications: cell number was increased to 75,000 cells, cell lysis time was increased to 5 minutes; volume of Tn5 transposase in the transposition mixture was doubled; duration of the transposition step was extended to 40 minutes. Sequencing libraries were prepared by PCR with the NEBNext Ultra II Q5Master Mix (NEB) as described previously (Corces et al 2017). Amplified libraries were cleaned using AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter). Sequencing reads were trimmed using TrimGalore! (Phred score 24), filtered to remove reads < 20 bp and aligned to the human genome (hg19) using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA). Aligned reads were converted to BAM files, sorted and indexed using SAMtools (Li et al, 2009). PCR duplicates and unmapped reads were removed, and the resulting BAM files were re-sorted and indexed. Raw data are provided as 100 bp paired-end Illumina reads from n = 3 donors for each experiment. BAM files are also provided.

  Study EGAS50000000109

• A Comparative Analysis of Algorithms for Somatic SNV Detection in Cancer

  Four recently published algorithms for the detection of somatic SNV sites in matched cancer-normal sequencing datasets are VarScan, SomaticSniper, JointSNVMix and Strelka. In this analysis, we apply these four SNV calling algorithms to cancer- normal Illumina exome sequencing of a chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patient. The candidate SNV sites returned by each algorithm are filtered to remove likely false positives, then characterised and compared to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of each SNV calling algorithm.

  Study EGAS00001000927

• Platelets contain a repertoire of DNA fragments that map over the human nuclear genome, including tumour-derived DNA in patients with active malignancy.

  This dataset consists of WGS from six patients with a recent diagnosis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. DNA-Seq libraries were prepared from platelet DNA (pDNA) and plasma cfDNA obtained from the same peripheral blood sample. pDNA was size selected into 2 groups (small, s-pDNA: less than 600 bp and long, b-pDNA: greater than 600 bp). The short fragments were further cleaned to remove &lt;100 bp fragments and large platelet fragments were fragmented via sonication. Libraries were then prepared using the NEBNext Ultra II DNA Sample Preparation Kit for Illumina according to the manufacturer’s protocol and sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq 500 (300 cycle PE) at low-pass (0.1X) for all samples, and 10X for the cfDNA and s-pDNA, using four lanes in each sample.

  Dataset EGAD00001009856

• PCA Atlas Chromium scRNA-seq and demultiplexing support (FASTQs, BAMs, capture-level VCFs and mapping tables)

  This dataset contains Chromium single-cell RNA-seq data and demultiplexing support for the PCA Atlas study EGAS00001008332. Included data objects: - 16 Chromium scRNA-seq FASTQ runs (EGAR accessions) for captures PCa1–PCa16. - 16 aligned BAM analyses (one Cell Ranger possorted_genome_bam.bam per capture). - 16 capture-level genotype VCF analyses derived from the Axiom UK Biobank array, used as demultiplexing panels. - demux_map.csv (EGAZ00001945520): donor–capture–sample mapping for genotype-based demultiplexing. - chromium.csv (EGAZ00001945537): run-level mapping linking captures, EGA samples, runs (EGAR), experiments (EGAX) and BAM analyses. Together these objects provide a complete view of the Chromium scRNA-seq data and the genotype-based demultiplexing support needed to reproduce donor assignment and downstream analyses.See also https://zenodo.org/records/17372603

  Dataset EGAD00001015795

• Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer

  The goal of the sequencing study was to determine the neoantigen profile of melanoma patients. We performed whole exome sequening of the tumor and respective patien matched PBMC samples (2x50nt) and RNA-sqeuencing of the tumor samples. The was analyzed for somatic point mutaions, using the RNA-Seq data to determine mutation expression. This study contains the exome seq data.

  Study EGAS00001003306

• Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer RNA-Seq

  The goal of the sequencing study was to determine the neoantigen profile of melanoma patients. We performed whole exome sequening of the tumor and respective patien matched PBMC samples (2x50nt) and RNA-sqeuencing of the tumor samples. The was analyzed for somatic point mutaions, using the RNA-Seq data to determine mutation expression. This study contains the patient matched RNA-Sequencing data.

  Study EGAS00001003307

• WES for 45 patients with pleural mesothelioma (Matched)

  The dataset contains WES data (bam files) for 45 pleural mesothelioma samples. Nextera Flex for Enrichment solution (Illumina, San Diego, CA) in combination with SureSelect Human All Exon V7 probes (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) was used for library preparation and generated libraries were sequenced on NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina, San Diego, CA) in 150 pair-end mode. Quality control of the raw data was conducted using fastQC (v. 0.11.8) (https://www.bioinformatics. babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/). WES data were then analyzed with the DRAGEN Bio IT platform 49 (version 4.2.4) and the human GRCh38 as reference genome.

  Dataset EGAD50000002128