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• Genetic Basis of Pulmonary Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

  This project aims at characterizing the human host susceptibility to pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) infections. PNTM infections occur in patients with chronic lung disease, but also in a distinct group of elderly women without lung defects but who share a common body morphology: tall and lean with scoliosis, pectus excavatum, and mitral valve prolapse. We performed whole exome and genome sequencing in extended families of patients with active PNTM. This unique collection of familial cohorts in PNTM represents an important opportunity for a high yield search for genes that regulate mucosal immunity. We also sequenced the genome of mycobacterial isolates from PNTM patients to integrate host PNTM susceptibility with mycobacterial genotypes and gain insights into the key factors involved in this devastating disease.

  Study phs000719

• The mutational characterization of adenoid cystic carcinoma

  Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) typically emanate from the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck. ACCs have high rates of perineural invasion, locoregional recurrence, and distant metastasis. Here we report sequencing of 60 tumor/normal pairs and find substantial mutational diversity. On pathway analysis, a significant percentage of mutations involved chromatin remodeling, DNA damage, protein kinase A signaling, and FGF/IGF/PI3K signaling. Whole genome sequencing and FISH confirmed the MYB-NFIB translocation as the main structural variant in ACC. Evaluation of potential driver mutations KDM6A and PIK3CA reveal that specific, observed alterations impart functional consequences. Collectively, our data delineate the ACC mutational landscape and establish a molecular foundation for investigating new therapies for this disease.

  Study phs000612

• Sampling of multi-centric lower grade glioma influences management and provides insight into gliomagenesis

  Rare multicentric lower-grade gliomas (LGG) represent a unique opportunity to study the heterogeneity between distinct tumor foci in a single patient, and to infer their origins and parallel patterns of evolution. In this study, we integrate clinical features, histology and immunohistochemistry for 4 patients with multicentric LGG, arising both synchronously and metachronously. For 3 patients we analyze the phylogeny of the lesions using exome sequencing, including one case with a total of 8 samples from the two lesions. We show that each tumor in multicentric LGG cases may arise independently or may diverge very early in their development, presenting as genetically and histologically distinct tumors suggesting that comprehensive sampling of these lesions can significantly alter diagnosis and management.

  Study EGAS00001002495

• Single cell transcriptomics to characterize the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer fusion biopsies

  The primary objective of this study was to characterize the tumor microenvironment in fusion-guided transperineal biopsy samples from patients undergoing PC diagnosis. For each patient, one biopsy was taken from a suspected tumor region and another from a non-suspicious area, which were later classified as high- or low-tumorigenicity based on anatomopathological analysis. Using scRNA-seq data, we performed cancer-oriented cell annotation, differential expression analysis, and functional pathway enrichment studies across key cellular subpopulations. Additionally, differential abundance analysis was conducted to identify cell groups representative of different tumorigenicity levels. Finally, classification models were developed using gene expression data to differentiate high- vs. low-tumorigenicity samples, with the long-term goal of establishing a diagnostic classifier for PC stratification.

  Study EGAS50000000888

• Colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas and matched mucosae

  Whole exome sequencing in sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC) and advanced adenomas (Ad-As), and their paired healthy mucosa, for a deeper understanding of the biology of this cancer.

  Study EGAS00001007255

• S_CORT_Stratification_in_COloRecTal_cancer_

  Colorectal cancer samples will be submitted for Illumina sequencing using a custom capture of 116 genes implicated in colorectal tumourigenesis. Driver mutations will be detected and ultimately correlated with phenotypic data.

  Study EGAS00001001521

• Targeted_NanoSeq_Sperm

  Targeted NanoSeq in sperm samples provided by healthy patients. A custom-designed panel of ~200 genes will be used to achieve high depth coverage (aiming for ~1000X at panel sites).

  Study EGAS00001005920

• The Genomic Landscape of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia

  This study analyzed samples from 29 patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) using whole exome sequencing. Each patient had a paired germline tissue along with a diagnostic leukemia sample. Germline tissue types included buccal mucosa, cordblood, Epstein-Barr virus immortalized cell lines and fibroblasts from either skin or bone marrow. Leukemia samples were either blood or bone marrow. Seven of the 29 patients also had a relapsed leukemia sample available for exome analysis.

  Study phs000973

• Single cell RNA and ATAC sequencing data from GBM patients

  Glioblastoma cells infiltrate and incorporate into the normal brain parenchyma. We conduct unbiased multimodal single-cell and spatial sequencing to capture GBM cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment using a regional sampling strategy. For each patient, we profile the peritumoral region, tumor edge, and tumor core, providing a comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of GBM spatial heterogeneity, with a specific focus on infiltrative cells.

  Study EGAS50000000547

• Circulating tumor DNA dynamics reveal KRAS G12C mutation heterogeneity and response to treatment with the KRAS G12C inhibitor divarasib in solid tumors

  Purpose: To inform prognosis, treatment response, disease biology, and KRAS G12C mutation heterogeneity, we conducted exploratory circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling on 134 patients with solid tumors harboring a KRAS G12C mutation treated with single-agent divarasib (GDC-6036) in a phase 1 study. Experimental design: Plasma samples were collected for serial ctDNA profiling at baseline (Cycle 1 Day 1 prior to treatment) and multiple on-treatment time points (Cycle 1 Day 15 and Cycle 3 Day 1). Results: KRAS G12C ctDNA was detectable from plasma samples in 72.9% (43/59) and 92.6% (50/54) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively, the majority of whom were eligible for study participation based on a local test detecting the KRAS G12C mutation in tumor tissue. Baseline ctDNA tumor fraction was associated with tumor type, disease burden, and metastatic sites. A decline in ctDNA level was observed as early as Cycle 1 Day 15. Serial assessment showed a decline in ctDNA tumor fraction associated with response and progression-free survival. Except for a few cases of KRAS G12C sub-clonality, on-treatment changes in KRAS G12C variant allele frequency mirrored changes in the overall ctDNA tumor fraction. Conclusion: Across tumor types, the KRAS G12C mutation likely represents a truncal mutation in the majority of patients. Rapid and deep decline in ctDNA tumor fraction was observed in patients responding to divarasib treatment. Early on-treatment dynamics of ctDNA were associated with patient outcomes and tumor response to divarasib treatment.

  Study EGAS50000000315

• Whole transcriptome sequencing of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is rare and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. To investigate molecular basis of pediatric T-ALL, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing in 123 cases of pediatric T-ALL.

  Study JGAS000090

• RNAseq Transcriptomic Analyses of European Ancestry Samples in MGS Dataset

  Schizophrenia is a common and severe psychotic disorder. While some common SNPs and rare copy number variants have been identified as being significantly associated with disease risk, the biological mechanisms remain undefined. To identify gene expression abnormalities in schizophrenia, we generated whole-genome gene expression profiles using RNAseq on lymphoblastoid cell lines from schizophrenia cases and controls of European ancestry. Subsets of these data have been used in three studies: (1) gene expression outliers (extreme tails of the distribution of transcript expression values) in 634 cases and 713 controls (PMID: 26022996); (2) baseline differential gene expression by affection status in 529 cases and 660 controls (PMID: 28418402); and (3) baseline versus dopamine stimulated differential gene expression by affection status in 514 cases and 690 controls (PMID: 30115913). Various classes of classes were enriched in the differentially expressed genes, especially brain expressed genes and genes related to immune processes.

  Study phs001932

• An oncogenic enhancer-rearrangement causes concomitant deregulation of EVI1 and GATA2 in leukemia. Targeted resequencing of chromosomal regions centered on 3q21 and 3q26 in conjunction with RNA-Seq from Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients.

  Chromosomal rearrangements without gene-fusions have been implicated in leukemogenesis by causing deregulation of proto-oncogenes via relocation of cryptic regulatory DNA elements. AML with inv(3)/t(3;3) is associated with aberrant expression of the stem-cell regulator EVI1. Applying functional genomics and genome-engineering, we demonstrate that both 3q-rearrangements reposition a distal GATA2 enhancer to ectopically activate EVI1 and simultaneously confer GATA2 functional haploinsufficiency, previously identified as the cause of sporadic familial AML/MDS and MonoMac/Emberger syndromes. Genomic excision of the ectopic enhancer restored EVI1 silencing and led to growth inhibition and differentiation of AML cells, which could be replicated by pharmacologic BET-inhibition. Our data show that structural rearrangements involving chromosomal repositioning of enhancers can cause deregulation of two unrelated distal genes, with cancer as the outcome.

  Study EGAS00001000669

• Genomic-Enabled Medicine for Recurrent Glioblastoma

  In this prospective study, we performed genome-wide tumor/normal exome sequencing and tumor RNA-sequencing for recurrent glioblastoma patients. A subset of patients had both enhancing tumor and non-enhancing tissue sequenced to investigate spatial heterogeneity of this disease. Together, this information builds our understanding of the genomic underpinnings of glioblastoma, and contributes toward the knowledge base for identifying and developing more effective treatments for patients with glioblastoma.

  Study phs001460

• Immunogenetics of BCG Vaccination and Pediatric Tuberculosis

  We examined genetic variation associated with BCG-induced innate immune responses and susceptibility to pediatric tuberculosis (TB) disease. South African study participants were enrolled at the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) as part of a larger BCG vaccination study. This area has one of the highest rates of TB incidence in the world. Infants were vaccinated with BCG at birth, and a nested case-control study was performed over a 2-year prospective observation period, which resulted in 135 infant TB cases and 521 controls. Whole blood was collected from BCG vaccinated infants at 10 weeks of age. Genotyping was performed with the llumina MegaEx Beadchip, and GWAS was performed against TB disease to assess for associations between genetic variants and susceptibility to TB. In addition, a subset of infants were assessed for BCG-induced innate immune responses (N=198). For these, whole blood was stimulated with BCG or media and flow cytometry was used to measure BCG-induced PDL1, CD40, and cytokine expression in myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC) dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. Cellular GWAS was then performed to associate genetic variants with BCG-induced immune responses.

  Study phs003406

• Longitudinal Study of Genetic Causes of Intrahepatic Cholestasis

  This longitudinal observational study will investigate the natural history and progression of four genetic causes of intrahepatic cholestasis of childhood, including alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (α1-AT), Alagille syndrome (AGS), progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), and bile acid synthesis defects (BAD). This study will be conducted as part of the Cholestatic Liver Disease Consortium (CLiC), an NIH-funded multi-centered Rare Disease Clinical Research Consortium. In this study, we will collect defined data elements in a uniform fashion at fixed intervals for five years over a relatively large number of patients with these rare disorders. In addition, a biobank of patient specimens and DNA samples will be established for use in ancillary studies to be performed in addition to this study. By comparing outcome measures between the four liver diseases (i.e., using each disorder as a disease-control for the other disorders), the full impact of each disorder can best be determined in comparison to the other liver diseases. Using the longitudinal database in this fashion, this study will provide an improved understanding of the effects of the cholestatic liver during childhood irrespective of the underlying etiology as well as to the pathophysiology, outcome, and complications of each of the disorders. This initial characterization will allow calculation of sample sizes for future therapeutic intervention clinical trials and provide the baseline to which interventions should be compared.

  Study phs001288

• UK10K NEURO ASD TAMPERE

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches. The Tampere Autism sample set consists of samples from Finnish subjects with ASD (autism spectrum disorders) with IQs over 70 recruited from a clinical centre for the diagnosis and treatment of children with ASD. For further information on this cohort please contact either Terho Lehtimaki (terho.lehtimaki@uta.fi) or Kaija Puura (kaija.puura@pshp.fi).

  Study EGAS00001000115

• Transcriptional and DNA binding profiling of CEBPE in REH acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells using shRNA RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq

  ChIP-Seq - CEBPE - REH. The ETV6/RUNX1 translocated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line REH was used to perform ChIP-Seq using a CEBPE antibody. Cells were fixed in 1% formaldehyde for 10mins, prior to preparation of chromatin using Active Motif Express ChIP-IT. 2ug of antibody (anti CEBPE Atlas Antibodies HPA002928)was added to 25ug of chromatin O/N at 4C with rotation. Duplicate reactions were pooled and purified. 10ng of ChIPd and input DNA used for Illumina NGS preparation (NEBNext ChIP-Seq Library kit; New England Biolabs), CEBPE and Input DNA ChIP samples were sequenced on a MiSeq using 150bp Kit v3 paired end and a HiSeq 2500 using 2x101 version 4 paired end (Illumina) respectively. Reactions performed in duplicate. shCEBPE RNA-Seq - REH. REH cells were lentivirally transduced with a pTRIPZ shRNA vector for transcriptional profiling of CEBPE. Two controls (empty and non-targeting) and two CEBPE shRNAs (V3THS_150517(A13), V3THS_404312(G3) Dharmacon, GE) were transduced into REH cells. Cells were treated with 1ug/ml doxycyclin for 144hrs and total RNA purified. Libraries were prepared using NEBNext Ultra II Directional RNA Library Prep Kit and sequenced on an Illuimna HiSeq 2500 using 2x101 version 4 paired end chemistry. 3 biological replicates of each samples were prepared.

  Study EGAS00001002877

• Warm_Autopsy_Single_Cell_X10

  Study of cell lineage and embryogenesis using biopsy samples from sites across the whole body (post mortem). Sample donors are recruited sensitively through the Phoenix study and consent to samples being taken after their death for both the Phoenix study and this WTSI study.

  Dataset EGAD00001003240

• Multimodal Genomic Features Predict Outcome of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

  This study evaluates integrated genomic models of response to immune checkpoint blockade for lung cancer patients. A computationally adjusted tumor mutation burden was combined with HLA class I genetic variation, mutational smoking signature and activating mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase genes to generate a prognostic classifier that outperforms tumor mutation burden.

  Study phs001940

• Diagnostic yield and clinical utility of whole-exome sequencing in pediatric patients with rare and undiagnosed diseases in the Czech Republic

  In our single-center study, we have launched a pilot program for pediatric patients with undiagnosed diseases in the second-largest university hospital in the Czech Republic. WES was implemented as a first-line test after inclusion in the study as part of the diagnostic workflow.

  Study EGAS50000000442

• Whole Transcriptome Analysis + AbSeq + Sample Tag Multiplexing

  Multiomics data for a cohort of 20 COVID-19 patients (10 patients mild, 3 patients moderate, 4 patients severe, 3 patients critical) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from longitudinally sampled at hospital admission, discharge, and 1 month thereafter. The data has been obtained a multiwell-based single-cell technology (BD Rhapsody) that includes the analysis of PBMCs' whole transcriptome and a set of 52 surface proteins. The samples of the different patients at different collection times were labelled using a cell hashing strategy with the BD Single-Cell Multiplexing Kit (6 samples for each run).

  Dataset EGAD00001011318

• Whole genome sequencing to detect spontaneous acquired mutations in mismatch repair-deficient human colon organoids

  Individual outgrowing organoids surviving the medium-based selection were manually picked and propagated as clonal lines for a couple of passages to avoid unexpected mutation accumulation before being harvested for WGS/WES. 1 µg of DNA was used for WGS/WES by Agilent SureSelect V7 kit, with 8Gb per sample (50X average mapped) data throughput, sequencing on NovaSeq 150PE

  Study EGAS50000000114

• Changes in Oral and Gut Microbiota and Incidence and Severity of Patient-Reported Symptoms in Pre- and Post-Kidney Transplant Patients

  This novel prospective cohort explores the relationships between oral and fecal microbiome features (alpha and beta diversity, differential relative abundances of bacterial taxa, and functional genes) and the incidence and severity of psychoneurological symptoms (e.g., pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance) before and after patients receive a kidney transplant from a live donor. Thirty-five subjects provided fecal and saliva specimens for shotgun metagenomic sequencing of gut and oral microbiomes at 3 timepoints: 1) within 4 weeks prior to the transplant surgery (at end-stage kidney disease), 2) 1-3 weeks after the transplant surgery, and 3) at 3 months after the transplant (after restoration of kidney function). Subjects were enrolled between October, 2018, to November, 2021, and all study visits were completed by March, 2022. Data collected includes: Demographic (age, biological sex at birth, race/ethnicity, marital status); clinical data (body mass index, dialysis status, type of dialysis, high vs. low risk immune-suppression protocol, antibiotics during study period); laboratory data (serum creatinine; estimated glomerular filtration rate; serum blood urea nitrogen; immunosuppression trough levels), and outcome data (symptoms such as pain interference, pain intensity, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, acute rejection, delayed graft failure, graft loss, post-transplant infections, and health-related quality of life). Incidence and severity of symptoms, including pain interference, pain intensity, fatigue, sleep dysfunction, and anxiety/depression-like symptoms, were measured using the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Systems (PROMIS) 57 v2.1. Health related quality of life was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF v1.3). The objective of this longitudinal study is to characterize changes in microbial features at baseline, before restoration of kidney function, and over time, after restoration of kidney function via kidney transplantation, and to identify relationships between microbiome features and transplant outcomes (rejection, infection, delayed graft function, graft failure), symptom burden, and health-related quality of life. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the oral and gut microbiomes will allow a higher-resolution examination of the gut microbiome compared to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and will provide direct evidence of metabolic capabilities of the microbiota. This approach will allow us to explore the dynamic nature of symptom burden, and the effects of demographic and clinical variables on the oral and gut microbiomes before and after restoration of kidney function.

  Study phs002199

• Exploring the driver events of eccrine poromas and porocarcinomas: A retrospective, cross-institutional study of 90 cases

  Eccrine poroma (EP) and porocarcinoma (EPC) are rare benign and malignant adnexal neoplasms of the terminal sweat gland duct, respectively. Both can arise de novo, however, EPCs can also arise from a pre-existing EP. To-date, genetic investigation of these tumors has involved studies with small sample sizes and/or limited analyses. To comprehensively compare the driver events and mutational landscape of these tumors, we performed a retrospective multi-institutional whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing study on the largest cohort of EPs and EPCs to-date (n=90). We uncovered novel events and delineated different pathways of tumorigenesis underlying these tumors, with EPs driven largely by fusion genes, and EPCs driven largely by somatic mutations, with rare YAP1 and frequent PAK gene novel fusions.

  Dataset EGAD00001015376

• Exploring the driver events of eccrine poromas and porocarcinomas: A retrospective, cross-institutional study of 90 cases

  Eccrine poroma (EP) and porocarcinoma (EPC) are rare benign and malignant adnexal neoplasms of the terminal sweat gland duct, respectively. Both can arise de novo, however, EPCs can also arise from a pre-existing EP. To-date, genetic investigation of these tumors has involved studies with small sample sizes and/or limited analyses. To comprehensively compare the driver events and mutational landscape of these tumors, we performed a retrospective multi-institutional whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing study on the largest cohort of EPs and EPCs to-date (n=90). We uncovered novel events and delineated different pathways of tumorigenesis underlying these tumors, with EPs driven largely by fusion genes, and EPCs driven largely by somatic mutations, with rare YAP1 and frequent PAK gene novel fusions.

  Dataset EGAD00001015377

• Understanding the Progression of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

  This study is to understand (1) the clonal evolution of metastatic colorectal cancer using DNA sequencing and (2) long non-coding RNAs associated with metastatic colon cancer using RNA sequencing. Our goal is to better understand the progression of aggressive colorectal cancer.

  Study phs001722

• DNA methylation array analysis of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is rare and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. To investigate epigenetic profiles of pediatric T-ALL, we performed DNA methylation array analysis in 79 cases of pediatric T-ALL.

  Study JGAS000138

• Clinical data of liver cancer patients from EuCanImage - Use case 1 Synthetic

  This study is part of EuCanImage project. It contains the standardized clinical information following FHIR model. The data was collected together with MRI of patients diagnosed with liver cancer (HCC) and controls (non-HCC). All data is synthetic.

  Study EGAS50000001444

• MYO5B mutations in Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma promote cancer progression

  Identification of additional cancer-associated genes and secondary mutations driving the metastatic progression in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) is important. We recently reported novel recurrent nonsynonymous mutations in the MYO5B gene in metastatic PPGL. Here, we explored the functional impact of these MYO5B mutations, and analyzed MYO5B expression in primary PPGL tumor cases in relation to mutation status.Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis in 30 primary PPGL tumors revealed an increased MYO5B expression in metastatic compared to non-metastatic tumor cases. In addition, subcellular localization of MYO5B protein was altered from cytoplasmatic to membranous in some metastatic tumors, and the strongest and most abnormal expression pattern was observed in a PGL case harboring a MYO5B:p.G1611S mutation. Mutation analysis of additional PPGL tumors revealed additional, and hence recurrent, mutations in the paralog MYO5A. Three missense mutations in MYO5B were functionally studied using site directed mutagenesis and stable transfection into human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-AS) and embryonic kidney cells (HEK293 cell line). Functional analysis of the mutants verified a significant increased proliferation rate in all MYO5B mutated clones (p.L587P, p.G1611S, and p.R1641C). The two somatically derived mutations p.L587P and p.G1611S were also found to increase the migration rate, and all three mutants affected intracellular transport by increased transferrin uptake. Downstream expression analysis of MYO5B mutants demonstrated a transcriptional activation of genes involved in glucose metabolism, proliferation, homeostasis, and migration. Our study validates the functional role of novel MYO5B mutations in proliferation and migration, and suggest the MYO5-pathway to be involved the malignant progression of PPGL tumors.

  Study EGAS00001003991

• Long-read and short-read RNA sequencing of human normal liver organoid with or without SF3B4 overexpression

  There are 2 matched short and long read RNA sequencing samples. The project aims to find alternative splicing events and resulting transcript isoforms modulated by SF3B4

  Study EGAS50000001131

• Growth Hormone (GH) -secreting Pituitary Adenoma

  Data from 12 fresh-frozen somatotropinomas and their corresponding blood samples. Details are given in Valimaki et al. Whole-genome sequencing of Growth Hormone (GH) -secreting Pituitary Adenoma. Provisionally accepted, 2015.

  Study EGAS00001001293

• IMSGC and MultipleMS project MS patients from Germany, Mainz

  Genotype and phenotype data on 301 MS patients from Germany, Mainz. All individuals were whole-genome genotyped on the Illumina Global Screening Array and files are provided in plink2 format (pgen / pvar / psam files). Provided phenotypes are sex, year of birth, age and Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity (ARMSS) score.

  Dataset EGAD00010002484

• IMSGC and MultipleMS project MS patients from Italy, Piedmont

  Genotype and phenotype data on 1067 MS patients from Italy, Piedmont. All individuals were whole-genome genotyped on the Illumina Global Screening Array and files are provided in plink2 format (pgen / pvar / psam files). Provided phenotypes are sex, year of birth, age and Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity (ARMSS) score.

  Dataset EGAD00010002490

• IMSGC and MultipleMS project MS patients from Germany, TUM

  Genotype and phenotype data on 683 MS patients from Germany, TUM. All individuals were whole-genome genotyped on the Illumina Global Screening Array and files are provided in plink2 format (pgen / pvar / psam files). Provided phenotypes are sex, year of birth, age and Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity (ARMSS) score.

  Dataset EGAD00010002489

• IMSGC and MultipleMS project MS patients from Italy, OSR

  Genotype and phenotype data on 538 MS patients from Italy, OSR. All individuals were whole-genome genotyped on the Illumina Global Screening Array and files are provided in plink2 format (pgen / pvar / psam files). Provided phenotypes are sex, year of birth, age and Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity (ARMSS) score.

  Dataset EGAD00010002486

• DNA methylation and Metabolic data from type 2 diabetes adolescents

  This data contains DNA methylation data obtained from the PBMCs obtained from type 2 diabetes adolescents and controls. There are 21 diabetic samples and 10 controls. This dataset also contains metabolic data obtained from the serum of 155 samples. There are 113 diabetic and 42 control samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001005271

• RNA-seq data from DMD patients and healthy controls

  This dataset comprises RNA-seq expression profiles from 57 subjects, of which 39 are DMD patients and 18 healthy controls. The data are described in the following article: Signorelli, Ebrahimpoor et al. (in review). Peripheral blood transcriptome profiling enables monitoring disease progression in dystrophic mice and patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001006826

• Differential methylation positions

  This dataset includes an analyzed DMP file that provide the information about differential methylation positions based on Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. All samples (5 lung cancer cases vs. 5 benign lung disease controls) were obtained from bronchial washings at the site of the lesion under bronchoscopy manipulation. Of the five lung cancer cases, 3 are adenocarcinoma and 2 are squamous carcinoma.

  Dataset EGAD00001010147

• Estimating the Efficacy of Pharmacogenomics Over a Lifetime

  The goal was to evaluate the potential impact of pharmacogenomic testing on drug prescribing over a lifetime. To address this goal, 300 random patients enrolled in Marshfield Clinic's PMRP biobank with life-long medical records were whole genome sequenced and evaluated for known clinically actionable pharmacogenomic variants as defined by CPIC and FDA. This genomic data was evaluated in the context of extensive longitudinal prescription record data from patient EHR. Results show nearly all (93%) carry a clinically actionable pharmacogenomic variant and 80% with a variant were prescribed approximately three medications on average that may have been impacted because of their variants, the optimal age for pharmacogenomic testing was prior to age 50, but most patients well past their 50s can still benefit from pharmacogenomic testing. Results available include genotype and drug prescribing data.

  Study phs003454

• Epithelial, fibroblast, myeloid, T cell, primary prostate cancer

  The collection and use of tissue for this study had Melbourne Health institutional review board approval and patients provided written informed consent (Melbourne Health Local Project Number: 2016.087). Following the prostatectomy of 13 patients, ranging from 52 to 78 years of age and from CAPRA-S risk score of 0 (attributed to benign tissue samples, harvested from a site far from a low grade, low volume cancer) to 7 (Supplementary file 2), a four millimeter tissue core was collected from the prostate tumour site, conditional to histopathological verification66,67. If not otherwise specified, all procedures were carried out at 4 °C. Tissue blocks were washed in Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution for 2 minutes and minced for 2 minutes with a scalpel. Homogenised tissue was added to a solution (total volume of 7 ml) composed by of 1 mg/ml collagenase IV (Worthington Biochemical Corp, USA), 0.02 mg/ml DNase 1 (New England Biolabs, USA), 0.2 mg/ml dispase (Merck, USA). The tissue homogenised was serially digested at 37 °C at 180 rpm, through three steps of 5, 10 and 10 minutes of duration, with the final 3 minutes dedicated to sedimentation at 0 rpm. After each digestion step, the supernatant was aspirated and filtered through a 70 μm strainer into a pre-chilled tube, diluting the solution with 15 ml of 2% bovine serum PBS to quench the enzymatic reaction. The resulting cumulative solution was then centrifuged at 1500 rpm for five minutes, with the supernatant collected and the cell pellet resuspended into 1 ml 2% PBS-serum prior to labelling (Fig. S1).

  Dataset EGAD00001004948

• H3K27ac ChIP-seq in a selected group of AML patients

  ChIP-seq data were generated for a number of selected patients to investigate changes in enhancer and promoter regions. ChIP was performed as described previously with slight modifications27. Briefly, cells were crosslinked with 1% formaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature and the reaction was quenched with glycine at a final concentration of 0.125 M. Chromatin was sheared using the Covaris S220 focused-ultrasonicator to an average size of 250–350 bp. A total of 2.5 µg of antibody against H3K27ac (Abcam, ab4729) was added to sonicated chromatin of 2 × 106 cells and incubated overnight at 4 °C. Protein A sepharose beads (GE healthcare) were added to the ChIP reactions and incubated for 2 h at 4 °C. Beads were washed and chromatin was eluted. After crosslink reversal, RNase A and proteinase K treatment, DNA was extracted with the Monarch PCR & DNA Cleanup kit (NEB). Sequencing libraries were prepared with the NEBNext Ultra II DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (NEB) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The quality of dsDNA libraries was analyzed using the High Sensitivity D1000 ScreenTape Kit (Agilent) and concentrations were assessed with the Qubit dsDNA HS Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Libraries were single-end sequenced on a HiSeq 4000 (Illumina). ChIP-seq reads were aligned to the human reference genome build hg19 with bowtie

  Dataset EGAD00001007582

• Center for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG) - Cardiovascular: Harvard Gene-Diet Interaction in a Costa Rican Cohort

  The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has funded the Centers for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG), a collaborative large-scale genome sequencing effort to comprehensively identify rare risk and protective variants contributing to multiple common disease phenotypes and to better understand the general principles of genomic architecture underlying common, complex inherited diseases. This study contains whole genome sequence data and associated variant calls of more than 4200 participants in a cohort collected by the Harvard School of Public Health. The cohort includes subjects from thirty-four countries in the Central Valley of Costa Rica covering a full range of socioeconomic levels, as well as urban, peri-urban and rural lifestyle

  Study phs002282

• Changes in AXL and/or MITF melanoma subpopulations in patients receiving immunotherapy

  Our data demonstrate large interpatient variability and variable therapy-induced changes independent of the type of therapy. We identify the presence of previously described AXL+ and MITF+ subpopulations in metastatic tissues both at the mRNA level and in situ at the protein level, and demonstrate that MITF+ melanoma cells are significantly decreased upon immunotherapy, while AXL+ melanoma cell numbers are stable. MITF+ tumor cells showed the most significant inverse correlation with CD8+ T cells. Our patient cohort also shows that immunotherapy-induced changes in the abundance of AXL+ or MITF+ tumor cells did not correlate with improved survival.

  Study EGAS50000001080

• Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study DNA Methylation Studies

  This dataset contains raw Illumina 450K blood DNA methylation data from a subset of participants in the Melbourne Cohort Study (MCCS), a prospective study of 41,513 healthy adult volunteers (24,469 women) aged between 27 and 76 years when recruited between 1990 and 1994. Nested case-control studies: DNA methylation data were generated as part of cancer case-control studies nested in the MCCS. Participants were cancer-free at blood draw; blood samples were taken at baseline (1990-1994) for 97% of participants; and for 3% of participants at the second wave of follow-up (2003-2007). Eight separate studies were conducted of breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, kidney, urothelial and gastric cancer and B-cell lymphoma, for a total of > 3,500 cancer cases. Controls were individually matched to cases on age, sex, and country of birth using incidence density sampling. Additional matching on smoking history was made for the study of lung cancer. Longitudinal study: For a subset of 1,100 participants with baseline DNA methylation measures (from dried blood spots) who were selected as controls in the nested case-control studies, repeated methylation measures were made using wave 2 follow-up samples (also from dried blood spots) to study longitudinal DNA methylation changes. Project aims: 1. Nested case-control studies: To assess prospective associations between peripheral blood DNA methylation and risk of eight cancer types (breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, kidney, urothelial cell and gastric cancer, and mature B-cell neoplasms). 2. Longitudinal study: To assess associations between lifestyle changes and changes in peripheral blood DNA methylation.

  Study phs003213

• Detection and characterization of lung cancer using cell-free DNA fragmentomes

  Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death world-wide, largely due to its late diagnosis. Non-invasive approaches for assessment of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provide an opportunity for detection and intervention that may have broader accessibility than current imaging approaches. Using a machine learning model for detecting tumor-derived cfDNA through genome-wide analyses of cfDNA fragmentation, we examined a prospective study of 365 individuals at risk for lung cancer (Lung Cancer Diagnostic Study, LUCAS), including 129 individuals ultimately diagnosed with lung cancer and 236 individuals determined to not have lung cancer. We externally validated the cancer detection model using an independent cohort of 385 non-cancer individuals and 46 predominantly early stage lung cancer patients. Combining fragmentation features with clinical risk factors and CEA levels followed by CT imaging detected 94% of patients with cancer across stages and subtypes, including 91% of stage I/II and 96% of stage III/IV, at 80% specificity. Genome-wide fragmentation profiles across ~13,000 ASCL1 transcription factor binding sites could be used to distinguish individuals with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from those with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high accuracy (AUC=0.98). Among individuals with lung cancer, a higher cfDNA fragmentation score was associated with tumor size and invasion, and represented an independent prognostic indicator of survival. These studies provide a facile approach for non-invasive detection of lung cancer and clinical management of this disease.

  Study EGAS00001005340

• Comprehensive molecular profiling identifies novel genetic drivers and subtypes underlying medulloblastoma

  Current therapies for medulloblastoma (MB), a highly malignant childhood brain tumor, impose debilitating effects on the developing child, warranting the development of molecularly targeted treatments with reduced toxicities. Prior studies have failed to disclose the full spectrum of driver genes and molecular processes operative in MB or adequately explain heterogeneity among molecular subgroups. Herein, we detail the somatic landscape across 491 sequenced MBs and molecular heterogeneity amongst 1,256 epigenetically analyzed cases, identifying subgroup-specific mutational signatures, driver genes, and pathway alterations including previously unappreciated actionable therapeutic targets. Integrative approaches for assigning driver genes to subgroups explained >65-70% of Group 3 and Group 4, doubling previous knowledge. Novel subtypes underlying Group 3 and Group 4 were differentially enriched for specific driver events, including hotspot in-frame indels targeting KBTBD4 and ‘enhancer hijacking’ driving activation of PRDM6. Thus, application of integrative genomics to an unprecedented cohort of clinical samples derived from a single childhood cancer entity has disclosed a series of new cancer genes and biologically relevant subtype diversity that represent attractive therapeutic targets for treating MB.

  Study EGAS00001001953

• Colon Cancer Organoid Cultures and Tumors Whole Exome Sequencing Data

  Five hundred fifty nanograms of genomic DNA were input for library preparation after fragmentation by Covaris S2, following the KAPA Hyper Prep Kit (KR0961-V1.14) protocols, with selection for a library size range of 250-450 bp. Three hundred nanograms per library DNA each from 12 samples were normalized and combined into a single pool for exome capture using the xGen Lockdown Probes and Reagents based on their standard protocols

  Dataset EGAD00001005754

• Nanopore whole-genome sequencing of sample RK067 and variant-call data (SNVs and intermediate-sized deletions) of 174 Japanese samples.

  We performed whole-genome sequencing of a human samples using Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer, so as to be able to establish methods to detect and identify structural variations in Japanese individuals. Intermediate-sized deletions were identified from 174 Japanese samples��� short-reads whole-genome sequencing data. Variant call information of these intermediate-sized deletions were joined with SNVs identified in a previous study (Fujimoto, A et al., Nat Genet, 2016) to create a reference panel for use in imputation.

  Study JGAS000180

• Gene expression data of 2D duodenum organoids with or without continuous flow

  We developed a monolayer culture system for small intestinal organoids, and then placed the culture plate on a rotator to generate a constant flow in the overlay medium. This mechanical stimulation facilitated the formation of villus-like structures from the monolayer of small intestinal organoids. We analyzed gene expression of 2D normal duodenum organoids with or without medium rotation. Total RNA was extracted from organoids with or without a four-day medium rotation, and after 0, 1, 2 or 4 days of medium rotation, and sequenced with HiSeq X Ten (Illumina).

  Study JGAS000256