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• Spatiotemporal immune atlas of the first clinical-grade gene-edited pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant

  Pig-to-human xenotransplantation is rapidly approaching the clinical arena; however, it is unclear which immunomodulatory regimens will effectively control human immune responses to pig xenografts. We transplanted a gene-edited pig kidney into a brain-dead human recipient on pharmacologic immunosuppression and studied the human immune response to the xenograft using spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing. Human immune cells were uncommon in the porcine kidney cortex early after xenotransplantation and consisted of primarily myeloid cells. Both the porcine resident macrophages and human infiltrating macrophages expressed genes consistent with an alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory phenotype. No significant infiltration of human B or T cells into the porcine kidney xenograft was detected. Altogether, these findings provide proof of concept that conventional pharmacologic immunosuppression is sufficient to restrict infiltration of human immune cells into the xenograft early after compatible pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation.

  Study EGAS50000000244

• Single-cell RNA sequencing of 16 NPM1 mutated AML patients

  NPM1 mutated AML is the largest class in WHO classification, however several subtypes within NPM1 were already reported. Here, we sequence 16 NPM1 mutated AML samples with single-cell RNA-sequencing and multi-color flow cytometry from three major NPM1 subtypes we previously identified, totaling more than half a million cells. We show that the differences among three NPM1 subtypes are mainly driven by cell composition, and these differences are also reflected at cell surface protein level. With the re-analysis of CITE-seq data from another cohort and single cell variant calling on our data, we also report two distinct stem cell phenotypes: one with leukemic (CD34dimCD38-CD45RA+) and another with pre-leukemic (CD34+CD38-CD45RA-) origin. We believe that our data and findings provide novel insights regarding the etiology of NPM1 mutated AML.

  Study EGAS50000000332

• Multiplexed scRNA-Seq Reveals Cellular and Genetic Correlates of SLE

  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Knowledge of circulating immune cell types and cell states associated with SLE remains incomplete. We profiled over 1.2 million PBMCs (160 cases, 98 controls) with multiplexed single-cell RNA-seq (mux-seq). Cases exhibited prominent expression of type-1 interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) in monocytes, reduction of naïve CD4+ T cells that correlated with monocyte ISG expression, and expansion of repertoire-restricted cytotoxic GZMH+ CD8+ T cells. Cell-type-specific expression features accurately predicted case-control status and stratified patients into two molecular subtypes. We integrated dense genotyping data, mapping cell-type-specific cis-eQTLs and linked known and novel SLE-associated variants to cell-type-specific gene expression. These results demonstrate mux-seq as a systematic approach to characterize cellular composition, identify transcriptional signatures, and annotate genetic variants associated with SLE.

  Study phs002812

• End motifs analysis of circulating DNA from the plasma of patients with stage II-III breast cancer (n=50), stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (n=56), metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) (n=15) and healthy individuals (n=37)..

  We have developed an algorithm designed to discriminate cancer patients and healthy individuals based on cirDNA fragment end motif analysis assisted by machine learning, using data obtained from shallow whole genome sequencing (a method we call EMA). We applied EMA to cirDNA from the plasma of patients with stage II-III breast cancer, stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). CirDNA from 158 individuals was prepared following the conventional double-stranded DNA library preparation (DSP). We also performed a single-stranded DNA library preparation (SSP) using mCRC patients and healthy control cirDNA, which allowed us to make the first ever end motif analysis in the literature which compares the use of DSP and SSP.

  Study EGAS50000001319

• Sequence data to study genomic CNVs that drive apoptotic resistance and relapses on immune checkpoint inhibitors

  This project investigates the genomic mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across tumor types, addressing the critical clinical problem of treatment relapses where the molecular basis remains poorly understood. Through integrative genomic analyses of longitudinal clinical melanomas, functional CRISPR-Cas9 screens, and human and murine melanoma models, the study demonstrates that copy-number variant (CNV)-driven subclonal evolution is a primary driver of clinical relapses. The research identifies resistance-driver genes targeted by CNVs, including pro-apoptotic gene deletions and anti-apoptotic gene amplifications, which collectively downregulate apoptotic priming in resistant cells. The findings establish that modulating the apoptotic threshold can prevent or reverse ICI resistance, positioning CNV evolution as a key driver of acquired resistance and identifying apoptotic regulation as a therapeutic target to combat resistance evolution.

  Study EGAS50000001055

• Pangenomic classification of pituitary adenomas

  Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common. They are classified in five main histological types: PitNETs of POU1F1 (Pit1) lineage -lactotroph, somatotroph and thyrotroph -, gonadotroph, and corticotroph PitNETs. Pituitary tumorigenesis is poorly understood. We report here a pangenomic characterization of 134 PitNETs from all types, based on exome, genome, transcriptome, miRnome and methylome. Pit1 lineage was associated with a specific epigenetic signature of diffuse DNA hypomethylation, and correlated with expression of Pit1 markers and chromosomal instability. 45% of somatotroph PitNETs showed GNAS mutations. GNAS-wild type somatotroph showed a distinct transcriptome profile, expressing gonadotroph transcription factor NR5A1 (SF1). Sparsely granulated somatotroph PitNETs was classified apart from somatotroph, owing to a thyrotroph transcriptome signature. 43% of corticotroph PitNETs showed USP8 mutations, sharing a low epithelial-mesenchimal transition (EMT) transcriptome signature. Silent corticotroph PitNETs showed a gonadotroph transcriptome signature evoking transdifferentiation, and lost somatostatin target SSTR5 expression.

  Study EGAS00001003642

• Ongoing_mutagenesis_RNAseq

  One of the key questions to be explored is whether the biological processes generating specific mutational signatures continue to operate in the human cancer cell lines or simply reflect past mutagenic activity which is no longer operative. To address this question, we have extracted mutational signatures from 1,000 cancer cell lines of diverse cancer types. Several cell lines with mutational signatures of interest were selected, subcloned over a defined period of time and their genomes sequenced. The increased load of the mutations representative of a specific mutational signature within the genome of a subclone when compared to its parental clone was informative of the on-going mutational processes. To further study the recent observation that some of the clones belonging to a same cell line acquired differencet numbers of mutations over a set period of time, their RNA will be subjected to RNA-sequencing to study their differences.

  Study EGAS00001002364

• Evolutionary analysis of pancreatic cancer and coexistent precursor lesions using whole exome sequencing data

  Most adult carcinomas develop from noninvasive precursor lesions, a progression that is supported by genetic analysis. Further, the evolution of these lesions contextualizes the dynamics of advanced stage disease. We analyzed the somatic variants of co-existing pancreatic cancers and precursor lesions sampled from distinct regions of the same pancreas. After inferring evolutionary relationships, we found that the ancestral cell had initiated and clonally expanded to form one or more lesions, and that subsequent driver gene mutations eventually led to a pancreatic cancer. We also found that this multi-step progression generally spans many years. Our data suggest that independent, high-grade pancreatic lesions observed in a histologic cross section often represent a single neoplasm that can spread and colonize the ductal system, accumulating spatial and genetic divergence over time.

  Study EGAS00001002778

• Genomic DNA of tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and peripheral blood were extracted using QIAamp DNA mini Kit (QIAGEN, cat. #51306)

  Although genomic instability, epigenetic abnormality, and gene expression dysregulation are hallmarks of colorectal cancer, these features have not been simultaneously analyzed at single cell resolution. Using optimized single cell multiomics sequencing together with multiregional sampling of the primary tumor, lymphatic and distant metastases, we provide insights beyond intratumoral heterogeneity. Genome wide DNA methylation levels were relatively consistent within a single genetic sublineage. The genome-wide DNA demethylation patterns of cancer cells were consistent in all 10 sequenced patients. The cancer cells’ DNA demethylation degrees clearly correlated with the densities of the heterochromatin-associated histone modification H3K9me3 of normal tissue, and those of repetitive element Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of reconstructing genetic lineages, and tracing their epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamics with single cell multiomics sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001003242

• Multi-omic single-cell profiling of peripheral blood immune cells from COVID-19 patients and controls.

  The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in excess morbidity and mortality as well as economic decline. To characterise the systemic host immune response to SARS-CoV-2, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing coupled with analysis of cell surface proteins, providing molecular profiling of over 800,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a cohort of 130 patients with COVID-19. Our cohort, from three UK centres, spans the spectrum of clinical presentations and disease severities ranging from asymptomatic to critical. Three control groups were included: healthy volunteers, patients suffering from a non-COVID-19 severe respiratory illness and healthy individuals administered with intravenous lipopolysaccharide to model an acute inflammatory response. Full single cell transcriptomes are coupled with quantification of 188 cell surface proteins, and T and B lymphocyte antigen receptor repertoires.

  Study EGAS00001005465

• IYDP Indonesian Y chromosome Diversity Project

  Island Southeast Asia and Oceania host one of the world’s richest assemblages of human phenotypic, linguistic and cultural diversity. We compiled ~9.7 Mb of Y chromosome sequence from a diverse sample of over 380 men from this region, including 126 from Indonesian islands, first reported here. The granularity of this dataset allows us to fully resolve and date the regional Y chromosome phylogeny. This improved Y chromosome topology highlights localized events with important historical implications, including pre-Holocene contact between Mainland and Island Southeast Asia, ongoing interactions between Australia and the Papuan world, and a sustained period of diversification following the flooding of the ancient Sunda and Sahul continents as the insular landscape of today formed. The high-resolution phylogeny of the Y chromosome presented here thus enables a detailed exploration of past isolation, interaction and change in one of the world’s least understood regions.

  Study EGAS00001006028

• DNA methylation-based classification of sinonasal tumors [Proteomics data]

  The diagnosis of sinonasal tumors is challenging due to a heterogeneous spectrum of various differential diagnoses as well as poorly defined, disputed entities such as sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUCs). In this study, we apply a machine learning algorithm based on DNA methylation patterns to classify sinonasal tumors with clinical-grade reliability. We further show that sinonasal tumors with SNUC morphology are not as undifferentiated as their current terminology suggests but rather reassigned to four distinct molecular classes defined by epigenetic, mutational and proteomic profiles. This includes two classes with neuroendocrine differentiation, characterized by IDH2 or SMARCA4/ARID1A mutations with an overall favorable clinical course, one class composed of highly aggressive SMARCB1-deficient carcinomas and another class with tumors that represent previously misclassified adenoid cystic carcinomas. The repository includes the raw mass spectrometry-based proteomics data

  Study EGAS00001006712

• DNA methylation-based classification of sinonasal tumors [DNA sequencing]

  The diagnosis of sinonasal tumors is challenging due to a heterogeneous spectrum of various differential diagnoses as well as poorly defined, disputed entities such as sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUCs). In this study, we apply a machine learning algorithm based on DNA methylation patterns to classify sinonasal tumors with clinical-grade reliability. We further show that sinonasal tumors with SNUC morphology are not as undifferentiated as their current terminology suggests but rather reassigned to four distinct molecular classes defined by epigenetic, mutational and proteomic profiles. This includes two classes with neuroendocrine differentiation, characterized by IDH2 or SMARCA4/ARID1A mutations with an overall favorable clinical course, one class composed of highly aggressive SMARCB1-deficient carcinomas and another class with tumors that represent previously misclassified adenoid cystic carcinomas. This repository includes the results from DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

  Study EGAS00001006713

• Deregulation of FOXF1/FENDRR from t(14;16)(q32;q24) defines a subtype of high risk lineage ambiguous leukemia

  Despite great progress in understanding the genomic basis of immature T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL) and acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALAL), there are still cases that lack defining genetic markers, complicating risk stratification and limiting targeted therapeutic options. Here, we describe a subtype of leukemia defined by the t(14;16)(q32;q24) translocation, which places the FOXF1 gene and its antisense long noncoding RNA gene FENDRR under the regulatory control of the BCL11B enhancer, leading to their ectopic transcriptional activation. Analysis of different high-throughput sequencing data, including WGS, RNA-seq, scDNA-seq, scRNA-seq, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and HiChIP-seq, identified BCL11B-enhancer mediated deregulation of FOXF1/FENDRR as a hallmark of a subtype of high-risk lineage ambiguous leukemia that is potentially amenable to targeted therapeutic intervention.

  Study EGAS50000001255

• Burden of DNMs in children born conceived using ART

  The dataset is composed by processed whole genome sequencing data generated from 53 children and their respective parents, forming 49 trios (mother, father and child) and 2 quartets (mother, father and two siblings). A total of 18 children were born after spontaneous conception (n = 18); 17 children were born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and another 18 children were born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection combined with testicular sperm extraction (ICSI-TESE)

  Dataset EGAD00001008208

• Reference Epigenomes and Regulatory Landscape of CLL

  Analysis of the reference epigenomes and regulatory landscape of CLL as a whole and its major clinico-biological subtypes (with mutated and unmutated IGHV) in the light of the normal B-cell differentiation. We have extensively characterized the reference epigenomes of seven primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples (CLLs) with mutated (n=5) and unmutated IGHV (n=2) as well as several mature B-cell subpopulations (naive B cells from blood and tonsil, germinal center B cells, memory B cells and plasma cells from tonsil) using genome-wide maps of six histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K36me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), DNA accessibility (ATAC-seq), DNA methylation (whole-genome bisulfite sequencing) and gene expression (RNA-seq). Furthermore, we have mapped the regulatory chromatin landscape of 100 additional CLL cases using chIP-seq of H3K27ac and ATAC-seq and linked these data to additional layers of information (whole-genome and/or whole-exome sequencing (WGS/WES), RNA-seq and DNA methylation microarrays) studied in the context of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC).

  Dataset EGAD00001004046

• ChIIP-seq and RNA-seq

  epigenome profiling in tumor tissues and paired normal tissues of LUAD patients and transcriptome profiling in tumor tissues of LUAD patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001007066

• Integrative understanding of human immune system by functional genomics and development of intervention strategies for the prevention of autoimmune diseases

  arious peripheral blood immune cell subsets from 5 rheumatoid (RA) donors were collected ("CD16p_Mono", "CL_Mono???, "DN_B", "Fr_II_eTreg???, "mDC???, "Mem_CD4" , "Naive_B" , "Naive_CD4" , ???Neu", "NK" , "pDC" , "Plasmablast", ???SM_B", "Tfh", "Th1", "Th17", "Th2" , "USM_B"). The patients were analyzed again longitudinally after abatacept treatment. RNA-seq was performed with each immune cell subset samples. After gene expression quantification samples were filtered.

  Study JGAS000602

• Integrative understanding of human immune system by functional genomics and development of intervention strategies for the prevention of autoimmune diseases

  Various peripheral blood immune cell subsets from 39 healthy volunteers and 50 rheumatoid (RA) donors were collected ("CD16p_Mono", "CL_Mono???, "DN_B", "Fr_II_eTreg???, "mDC???, "Mem_CD4" , "Naive_B" , "Naive_CD4" , ???Neu", "NK" , "pDC" , "Plasmablast", ???SM_B", "Tfh", "Th1", "Th17", "Th2" , "USM_B"). 15 RA patients were analyzed longitudinally. RNA-seq was performed with each immune cell subset samples. After gene expression quantification samples were filtered.

  Study JGAS000598

• Personalized IGM, IGK, IGL V(D)J repertoire sequencing of four Influenza A exposed individuals

  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to produce paired, full-length IGM, IGK and IGL V(D)J libraries from HA-binding single memory B cells using the ISCAPE (Individualized Single Cell Analysis of Paired Expressed antigen receptors) technique. Locus-specific multiplexed nested PCR with primer sets targeting the 5’ UTR/leader and 3’ constant region was performed before well and plate indexing and paired chain sequencing with an Illumina MiSeq instrument. Expressed total IGM, IGK and IGL V(D)J libraries from each donor were acquired and analyzed to define personalized IG allele content. The fastq file names include the donor and target for expressed IGM, IGK or IGL V(D)J libraries.

  Dataset EGAD50000002018

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Breast: Cancer Mastectomy (WG) (2020-01-29)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from 40 women who underwent mastectomies due to breast cancer. LCM and sequencing will be conducted on both normal, unaffected breast, and, where possible, tumour tissue. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue, and compare findings between the normal and associated cancer tissues. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to women who had cosmetic breast reduction surgeries and those who are BRCA carriers. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-01-29.

  Dataset EGAD00001005922

• The BEACCON study: tumour sequencing

  This dataset consists of paired-end DNA sequencing (whole exome and targeted-capture) of tumours for the BEACCON study. There are 240 unique samples consisting of 92 matched tumour-germline pairs and 56 unmatched tumours totalling 148 patients. There are 33 paired and 6 unpaired tumours sequenced using the Agilent SureSelect All Human Exon v6 libraries, 1 paired and 8 unpaired tumours sequenced using Agilent SureSelect All Human Exon v7 libraries and 48 paired and 3 unpaired tumours sequenced using Twist Bioscience Comprehensive Human Exome v1 libraries totalling 176 whole exome samples. There are 3 paired and 58 unpaired tumours sequenced using a custom Agilent SureSelectXT library totalling 64 targeted capture samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001009299

• Dataset for Sarcoma-WES linked from study EGAS00001004813

  Sequencing data of 144 sarcoma tumor and control runs, which were uploaded to EGAS00001004813. The sequencing was always paired.

  Dataset EGAD00001010258

• Single-cell RNA-seq of immune cells from human tumor fragments after 48 hour culture ex vivo (Kaptein et al., 2024)

  Single-cell RNA-seq profiling of immune cells from human ovarian carcinoma, renal carcinoma and melanoma samples after 48h of ex vivo culture using the patient-derived tumor fragment platform (5 samples total). Samples were cultured in various conditions, including: untreated, CD8-IL2v-treated, CD8-IL2v + LCKi -treated, aPD1-treated, CD8-IL2v + aPD1 -treated, Untargeted IL2-treated, aCD3-treated and aCD3 + CD8-IL2-treated . FASTQ files contain gene expression data, feature barcode antibody capture or TCR data on immune cells from all conditions combined per patient.

  Dataset EGAD50000000377

• Dissecting Autoimmune Cellular and Molecular Networks in Vitiligo

  This study consists of suction blister biopsies of primary human skin samples, collected from healthy patients, or patients with vitiligo. Healthy patients had healthy skin sampled. Vitiligo patients had both unaffected (non-lesional) and affected (lesional) skin sampled. The generated data consists of scRNA-seq samples generated following the inDrops method (Klein et al., 2015; PMID: 26000487).

  Study phs002455