Search Results - EGA European Genome-Phenome Archive

Genome-wide Association Study and Meta-Analysis of Ewing Sarcoma

We combined a set of 122 French Ewing sarcoma (EWS) cases from the Institut Curie, 19 EWS cases from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Center for Cancer Research (CCR), and 29 EWS cases from the NCI Bone Disease and Injury Study. All EWS cases were confirmed by medical record review and the presence of a specific EWSR1-ETS translocation were noted when data was available. Each participant provided informed consent and each participating study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of their study center. DNA was extracted using standard methods from blood, saliva (Oragene), or buccal cells. All de novo genotyping of EWS cases was performed at the NCI CGR on the Illumina OmniExpress-24 v1.1 array. Genotyping was performed according to manufacturer's guidelines using the Infinium HD Assay automated protocol.

Study phs001549

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Z1I

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Z1I is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with BRCA1, BRCA2 mutations are treated with AZD1775. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002058

PDAC Prognosis Biomarkers in Genomic and Transcriptomic Molecular Data

Our study was designed to identify biomarkers related to the prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) patients using genomic variants and gene expression in coding regions of the human genome (exome). PDAC is the 7th cause of cancer deaths and is among types of cancer having the poorest prognosis. To improve treatment outcomes of PDAC, biomarkers related to PDAC prognosis are needed. The goals of our study are to find genomic and transcriptomic biomarkers, which can classify prognosis subtype of PDAC patients, and eventually to predict subtypes or prognosis for each patient. In this study, we generated Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and exome capture RNA sequencing data of 450 tumor and matched normal samples from 150 PDAC patients. Our data may be useful for understanding genomic and transcriptomic features, prognosis prediction, and precision medicine for PDAC.

Study phs002347

Neuroblastoma Genome-Wide Association Study (NBL-GWAS)

Neuroblastoma is a malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system that most commonly affects young children and is often lethal. The etiology of this embryonal cancer is not known. We have performed a whole genome scan for association of neuroblastoma with SNP genotypes and copy number variation to discover predisposition loci. We therefore initiated a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2007 focused on neuroblastoma patients identified through the Children's Oncology Group (COG; 238 member institutions). Control patients for this study are children cared for at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) without a diagnosis of cancer. The study was designed to collect up to 5000 neuroblastoma cases and 10,000 controls and is powered to detect common susceptibility variants in Caucasian and African American patients. Whole genome genotyping is being performed on the Illumina HH550 SNP array.

Study phs000124

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Z1A

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Z1A is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NRAS mutations are treated with Binimetinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs001973

Whole Genome and Exon Capture Sequencing of Bladder Cancers

One primary bladder cancer and paired peripheral blood sample were subjected to whole genome sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. This technology was utilized to investigate the genetic basis of a durable remission of metastatic bladder cancer in a patient treated with everolimus, a drug that inhibits the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway. Among the somatic mutations found was a loss-of-function mutation in TSC1 (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1), a regulator of mTOR pathway activation. Targeted sequencing using an exon capture and sequencing assay was performed on 13 tumors derived from patients on the same everolimus trial as the index patient and the sequencing data from these tumors is included. TSC1 mutation status was correlated with response to everolimus. The index patient responder tumor and peripheral blood DNA were also subjected to exon capture and sequencing.

Study phs000535

The genomic complexity of sporadic and inherited retinoblastoma with a matched orthotopic xenograft

Retinoblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the developing retina. All retinoblastomas are believed to initiate with biallelic inactivation of the RB1 gene. To identify subsequent genetic lesions in retinoblastoma, we performed whole genome sequencing of tumor and normal DNA of 4 children with retinoblastoma and one matched orthotopic xenograft. Both alleles of RB1 were inactivated in the tumor samples. 3 of the patients had sporadic retinoblastoma and one patient had inherited retinoblastoma. Overall, there were few single nucleotide changes in coding regions of the genome and some of the tumors had few chromosomal lesions. There were very few new genetic lesions in the xenograft compared to the primary tumor. These data suggest that the genome in retinoblastoma is more stable than previously believed and there are relatively few recurrent genetic lesions in known cancer pathways other than the RB1 pathway.

Study phs000352

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm W

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm W is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with FGFR fusions, mutations, amplifications are treated with AZD4547. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs001948

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm S2

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm S2 is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with GNAQ or GNA11 mutations are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002178

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm R

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm R is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with BRAF fusions, non-V600K or non-V600E mutations, are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002029

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm S1

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm S1 is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NF1 mutations are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002153

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm I

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm I is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with PIK3CA mutations (without KRAS Mutation or PTEN Loss) are treated with Taselisib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002181

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm U

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm U is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NF2 loss are treated with Defactinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002179

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm C1

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm C1 is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with MET amplification are treated with Crizotinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002177

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm P

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm P is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with PTEN loss by IHC are treated with the drug GSK2636771. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002152

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Z1B

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Z1B is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with CCND1, CCND2, and/or CCND3 amplifications are treated with Palbociclib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs002180

Genomic Alterations and Transcriptional Phenotypes in Circulating Tumor DNA and Matched Metastatic Tumor

We analyzed a prospective cohort of 49 plasma samples obtained before, during, and after treatment from 20 patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer. We conducted cfDNA low-pass whole genome sequencing (0.1X coverage) and exome sequencing (130X coverage) in comparison with time-point matched tumor characterized using whole-exome (130X) and transcriptome sequencing. A direct comparison of cfDNA and tumor biopsy revealed that cfDNA not only mirrors the mutation and copy number landscape of the corresponding tumor, but also identifies clinically relevant resistance mechanisms and cancer driver alterations not detected in matched tumor biopsies. Longitudinal cfDNA analysis reliably tracks tumor response, progression, and clonal evolution. Sequencing coverage of plasma DNA fragments around transcription start sites showed distinct treatment-related changes and captured the expression of key transcription factors n the corresponding SCLC tumors.

Study phs003689

Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Q

The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Q is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with HER2 amplification are treated with Kadcyla® (ado-trastuzumab emtansine). This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including tumor tissue and whole blood.

Study phs001926

Establishment of xenogfafts and cultured cell lines from clinical samples

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the presence or absence of alterations in the molecular properties of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with up to eight passages in endometrial carcinomas. Alterations in the proportion of immunohistochemically positive/negative cells for PAX8, estrogen receptor, PAX2, and PTEN were observed in established PDXs of endometrioid carcinomas and carcinosarcomas, whereas proportions of cells with AE1/AE3, TP53, ARID1A PMS2, and MSH6 were maintained. Variants of cancer-associated genes in PDX compared to those in the parental tumors were examined in two cases, a frameshift deletion in BRCA1 was observed in the parental tumor tissue, and additional genomic alterations were found in the PDXs of this case. Genomic and phenotypic alterations in endometrial carcinoma PDXs relative to the parental tumors were observed and were partly associated with endometrial cancer-specific characteristics in cellular differentiation and gene mutations.

Study JGAS000585

Spatial atlas of clonal copy number alterations in co-existing benign and malignant tissue

Defining the transition from benign to malignant tissue is fundamental to improve early diagnosis of cancer. Here, we use a systematic approach to study spatial genome integrity in situ and describe previously unidentified clonal relationships. We employed spatially resolved transcriptomics to infer spatial copy number variations in >120,000 regions across multiple organs, in benign and malignant tissues. We demonstrate that genome-wide copy number variation reveals distinct clonal patterns within tumours and in nearby benign tissue using an organ-wide approach focused on the prostate. Our results suggest a model for how genomic instability arises in histologically benign tissue that may represent early events in cancer evolution. We highlight the power of capturing the molecular and spatial continuums in a tissue context and challenge the rationale for treatment paradigms, including focal therapy.

Study EGAS00001006124

Pharmacogenomic landscape of patient-derived cells informs precision oncology therapy

Outcomes of anticancer therapy vary dramatically among patients, which may be caused by the specific molecular alterations in each patient’s tumor. Precision oncology aims to apply optimal therapies for each tumor based on its molecular characteristics. We have established a resource reporting the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 462 patient tumor-derived cells (PDCs) across 14 cancer types, together with responses to 60 targeted agents. Compared with long-term cultured cancer cell lines, PDCs better recapitulate the molecular profiles of the original tumors. Among other unreported associations, we identify molecular factors inducing resistance to EGFR inhibitors in glioblastoma, and we suggest repurposing ibrutinib (currently used in hematological malignancies) for EGFR-specific therapy in gliomas. Lastly, using a retrospective clinical study, we find that PDC-derived sensitivities can be used to predict patient responses.

Study EGAS00001002515

Patient-derived organoids model treatment response of metastatic gastrointestinal cancers (targeted and whole-genome sequencing)

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have recently emerged as robust pre-clinical models, however, their potential to predict patient clinical outcomes remain unclear. We report a living biobank of PDOs from metastatic, heavily-pretreated colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer patients recruited in phase I/II clinical trials. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of PDOs showed a high-degree of similarity to the original patient tumor. Molecular profiling of tumor organoids was matched to drug screening results, suggesting PDOs could complement existing approaches in defining cancer vulnerabilities and improving treatment responses. We compared ex vivo organoid responses to anticancer agents, and PDO-based orthotopic mouse tumor xenograft models to the response of the patient in clinical trials. Our data suggest that PDOs can recapitulate patient responses in the clinic, and have the potential to be implemented in personalized medicine programs.

Study EGAS00001002784

Screening_for_human_epigenetic_variation_at_CpG_islands

Many human characteristics, including susceptibility to disease, are determined genetically. An unexplored alternative to such genetic determination concerns epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. CpG islands (CGIs) are generally constitutively hypomethylated, however there are circumstances in which they become heavily methylated and, when coincident with a gene promoter, this invariably causes transcriptional silencing. CGI methylation occurs in normal tissues during processes such as X-inactivation, but abnormal patterns of methylation have also been implicated in disease. The vast majority of evidence relates to cancer, where silencing of multiple genes in this way appears to be a causal contributor to the cancer state. To address the role and extent of CGI methylation in ‘normal’ and diseased cells we applied MBD-affinity purification in conjunction with next generation sequencing in a panel of human brain autopsy samples. These samples represent a panel of individuals as well as specific brain regions and neurological pathologies.

Study EGAS00001000074

A Unifying Paradigm for Transcriptional Heterogeneity and Squamous Features in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer expression profiles largely reflect a classical or basal-like phenotype. The extent to which these profiles vary within a patient is unknown. We integrated evolutionary analysis and expression profiling in multiregion sampled metastatic pancreatic cancers, finding that squamous features are the histologic correlate of an RNA-seq defined basal-like subtype. In patients with coexisting basal/squamous and classical/glandular morphology, phylogenetic studies revealed that squamous morphology represented a subclonal population in an otherwise classical/glandular tumor. Cancers with squamous features were significantly more likely to have clonal mutations in chromatin modifiers, intercellular heterogeneity for MYC amplification, and entosis. These data provide a unifying paradigm for integrating basal-type expression profiles, squamous histology, and somatic mutations in chromatin modifier genes in the context of clonal evolution of pancreatic cancer.

Study EGAS00001003974

Genetic makeup of agnospheres

Agnospheres are cultures of cancer stem cells isolated from tissue biopsies from patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUPs). The latter is a lethal malignancy (median survival <1 year), representing approximately the 3% of all cancers, and characterized by metastatic dissemination in the absence of a primary tumor recognizable by a standardized protocol including thorough body imaging and histopathological analysis. Agnospheres are long-term propagated in culture and, after subcutaneous injection into immunocompromised mice, they display high tumorigenicity and quickly reproduce the clinical presentation of the original tumor, featuring a multi-organ metastatic pattern and poorly differentiated histology. The goal of the project is to analyse the mutational profile of agnospheres in detail, as to verify its correspondance with that of the original tumors. Genetic information will be exploited to investigate the genetic drivers of the CUP phenotype, in particular the hypermetastatic ability and the differentiative block.

Study EGAS00001004868

3290 results for "ovarian cancer"

in 11.40 milliseconds.