3331 results for "ovarian cancer"

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• TMD_AMKL_targeted_follow_up

  Genomic libraries will be generated from total genomic DNA derived from 200+ patients with childhood Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD) and or Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL) as well some matched constitutional samples (n < 50). Libraries will be enriched for a selected panel of genes using a bespoke pulldown protocol. 96 Samples will be individually barcoded and subjected to up to two lanes of Illumina HiSeq. Paired reads will be mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the characterisation of known gene mutations in cancer as well as the validation of potentially novel variants identified by prior exome sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001000569

• Hypermutation of the inactive X chromosome is a frequent event in cancer

  Mutation is a fundamental process in tumorigenesis. However the degree to which the rate of somatic mutation varies across the human genome and the mechanistic basis underlying this variation remain to be fully elucidated. As part of the ICGC PedBrain and Malignant Lymphoma (MMML-Seq) consortium we performed a cross-cancer comparison of whole genomes comprising a diverse set of childhood and adult tumors including both solid and hematopoietic malignancies. In addition we performed whole genome sequencing of clonally expanded hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from healthy individuals to compare somatic mutation rates.

  Study EGAS00001000565

• TMD_AMKL_targeted_follow_up_part_2

  Genomic libraries will be generated from total genomic DNA derived from 200+ patients with childhood Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD) and or Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL) as well some matched constitutional samples (n < 50). Libraries will be enriched for a selected panel of genes using a bespoke pulldown protocol. 96 Samples will be individually barcoded and subjected to up to two lanes of Illumina HiSeq. Paired reads will be mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the characterisation of known gene mutations in cancer as well as the validation of potentially novel variants identified by prior exome sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001000732

• DNA from colon cancer samples and matched normal samples was hybridized on Human 660W-Quad SNP arrays and sequenced in Illumina HiScanSQ.

  DNA from colon cancer samples and matched normal samples was hybridized on Human 660W-Quad SNP arrays and sequenced in Illumina HiScanSQ. The objective of the study was to introduce methodology for the detection of genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) using high-throughput sequencing data. The samples in this study allow the comparison of the results from the seqCNA R package with those from other methods that detect copy number alterations (CNAs) in tumoural samples, either using SNP-array data or high-throughput sequencing data.

  Study EGAS00001000558

• Breast Cancer - Subtype defined by an amplification of the HER2 gene

  Clinically positive HER2 (cHER2+) breast cancers (BC) are defined by the amplification and overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2/ERBB2) gene on chromosome region 17q12 and represent 15% of all BCs. Although anti-HER2 targeted therapies have improved BC’s natural history, the magnitude of their benefit varies widely between patients and deciphering the genomic heterogeneity of cHER2+ BC may provide a basis to better understand patients’ outcome. As part of the ICGC Breast Cancer Working Group effort, we combined whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic analyses of 64 cHER2+ primary invasive carcinomas.

  Study EGAS00001001431

• RNA sequencing data of 142 samples from 142 patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with letrozole or tamoxifen (SOLTI PAMELA trial)

  PAMELA (NCT01973660) is a non-randomized, open-label, multicentric, prospective translational research study in stage I-IIIA HER2+ breast cancer designed to evaluate the ability of the PAM50 intrinsic subtypes to predict pCR in the breast (pCRB) following 18 weeks of neoadjuvant lapatinib and trastuzumab (+/- hormonal therapy if hormone receptor [HR] positive). Patients with HR+ disease received letrozole (if postmenopausal) or tamoxifen (if pre-menopausal). The primary objective was to compare the pCRB rates of the HER2-E versus the non-HER2-E subtypes in the intent-to-treat population.

  Study EGAS00001006410

• Whole transcriptome sequencing of chemotherapy-resistant muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer

  All mRNA sequencing data were acquired from single patients (BC159T) at a different time (BC159-T#1, BC159-T#2, and BC159-T#3). The first transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) (BC159-T#1) was diagnosed with non-MIUBC (muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer). Despite of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the patient progressed into MIUBC at the second TUR-BT (BC159-T#2). After undergoing multiple neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens (gemcitabine/paclitaxel and sequential paclitaxel), the patient developed local recurrence and multiple lung metastases and removed following palliative partial cystectomy (BC159-T#3).

  Study EGAS00001004232

• Pancreatic cancer organoids recapitulate disease and allow personalized drug screening

  We report derivation of 30 Patient-Derived Organoid lines (PDOs) from tumors arising in the pancreas and distal bile duct. PDOs recapitulate tumor histology and contain genetic alterations typical for pancreatic cancer. In vitro testing of a panel of 76 therapeutic agents revealed sensitivities currently not exploited in the clinic. The PRMT5 inhibitor EZP015556, shown to target MTAP negative tumors, was validated as such, but also appeared to constitute an effective therapy for a subset of MTAP+ tumors. Taken together, the work presented here provides a platform to identify novel therapeutics to target pancreatic tumor cells using PDOs.

  Study EGAS00001003369

• MutWP5__CRUK_Mutographs_of_Cancer__Lung__PD37920__Targeted_

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Targeted sequencing will be conducted on samples to identify drivers of interest and clonality of the samples, well-performing samples will be sent for subsequent whole-genome sequencing. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs.

  Study EGAS00001003321

• Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium: Incorporation of Genomic Sequencing into Pediatric Cancer Care

  This project includes data derived from subjects enrolled in the BASIC3 (Baylor College of Medicine Advancing Sequencing in Childhood Cancer Care) study. BASIC3 is a National Genome Human Research Institute (NHGRI) and National Cancer Institute-funded Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER) consortium project that focused on prospective implementation of clinical whole exome sequencing in the pediatric oncology clinic. The primary study objective were to integrate information from CLIA-certified germline and tumor exome sequencing into the care of newly diagnosed solid tumor patients at Texas Children's Cancer Center, and to perform parallel evaluation of the impact of tumor and germline exomes on families and physicians. Blood and frozen tumor (if available) samples were collected from children undergoing surgery or biopsy of newly diagnosed solid tumors and subjected to exome sequencing in a CLIA-certified laboratory. Germline and tumor (if applicable) exome sequencing reports were generated and submitted into the electronic health record and returned to each patient/family by their primary oncologist. In addition to the clinical exome sequencing, specific (optional) consent was requested for research sequencing studies. If this consent was obtained then research studies of some of the children and parents participating in the BASIC3 study (including tumor transcriptome and whole genome sequencing of blood and/or tumor) are performed. The Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium Cohort is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-study. To view molecular data, and derived variables collected in this sub-study, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-study" section of this top-level study page phs001383 Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium Cohort. phs001026 BASIC3 phs001878 GMKF BASIC3

  Study phs001683

• Luminal breast epithelial cells from wildtype and BRCA mutation carriers harbor copy number alterations commonly associated with breast cancer

  Cancer-associated mutations have been documented in normal tissues, but the prevalence and nature of somatic copy number alterations and their role in tumor initiation and evolution is not well understood. Here, using single cell DNA sequencing, we describe the landscape of CNA variants in >48,000 breast epithelial cells from women with normal or high risk of developing breast cancer. Individual cells with one or two of a specific subset of CNAs (e.g. 1q gain and 16q, 22q, 7q, and 10q loss) are detectable in almost all breast tissues and, in those from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations carriers, occurs prior to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wildtype alleles. These CNAs, which are among the most common associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and malignant breast tumors, are enriched almost exclusively in luminal cells and are generally absent from basal myoepithelial cells. Allele-specific analysis of the enriched CNAs reveals that each allele was independently altered, demonstrating convergent evolution of these CNAs in an individual breast. Tissues from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers contained a small percentage of cells with extreme aneuploidy, featuring loss of TP53, LOH of BRCA1 or BRCA2, and multiple breast cancer-associated CNAs in addition to one or more of the common CNAs in 1q, 10q or 16q. Notably, cells with intermediate levels of CNAs were not detected, arguing against a stepwise gradual accumulation of CNAs. Overall, our findings demonstrate that chromosomal alterations in normal breast epithelium including from high risk women, link early stage CNAs to clonally expanded tumor genomes .

  Study EGAS00001007716

• The Genomic Landscape of Response to EGFR Blockade in Colorectal Cancer

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer world-wide with 1.2 million patients diagnosed yearly. In late stage CRC, the most commonly used targeted therapies are monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab, which inactivate EGFR. Recent studies have identified alterations in KRAS and other genes as likely mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapy. Despite these efforts, additional mechanisms of resistance to EGFR blockade are thought to be present in CRC and little is known about determinants of sensitivity to this therapy. To examine the effect of somatic genetic changes in CRC on response to anti-EGFR antibody therapy, we performed complete exome sequence and copy number analyses of 129 patient-derived tumorgrafts and targeted genomic analyses of 55 patient tumors, all of which were KRAS wild-type. We analyzed the response of tumors to anti-EGFR antibody blockade in tumorgraft models or in clinical settings. In addition to previously identified genes, we detected mutations in ERBB2, EGFR, FGFR1, PDGFRA, and MAP2K1 as potential mechanisms of primary resistance to this therapy. Novel alterations in the ectodomain of EGFR were identified in patients with acquired resistance to EGFR blockade. Amplifications and sequence changes in the tyrosine kinase receptor adaptor gene IRS2 were identified in tumors with increased sensitivity to anti-EGFR therapy. Therapeutic resistance to EGFR blockade could be overcome in tumorgraft models through combinatorial therapies targeting actionable genes. These analyses provide a systematic approach to evaluate response to targeted therapies in human cancer, highlight new mechanisms of responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapies, and provide new avenues for intervention in the management of CRC.

  Study EGAS00001001305

• 'Targeted High Throughput Sequencing in Clinical Cancer Settings: Formaldehyde fixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues, input amount and tumor heterogeneity'

  "Background: Massively parallel sequencing technologies have brought an enormous increase in sequencing throughput. However, these technologies need to be further improved with regard to reproducibility and applicability to clinical samples and settings. Methods: Using identification of genetic variations in prostate cancer as an example we address three crucial challenges in the field of targeted re-sequencing: Small nucleotide variation (SNV) detection in samples of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue material, minimal amount of input sample and sampling in view of tissue heterogeneity.Results: We show that FFPE tissue material can supplement for fresh frozen tissues for the detection of SNVs and that solution-based enrichment experiments can be accomplished with small amounts of DNA with only minimal effects on enrichment uniformity and data variance. Finally, we address the question whether the heterogeneity of a tumor is reflected by different genetic alterations, e.g. different foci of a tumor display different genomic patterns. We show that the tumor heterogeneity plays an important role for the detection of copy number variations, but is of minor importance for the detection of somatic variations.Conclusions: The application of high throughput sequencing technologies in cancer genomics opens up a new dimension for the identification of disease mechanisms. In particular the ability to use small amounts of FFPE samples available from surgical tumor resections and histopathological examinations facilitates the collection of precious tissue materials. However, care needs to be taken in regard to the locations of the biopsies taken, which can have an influence on the prediction of copy number variations. Bearing these technological challenges in mind will significantly improve many large-scale sequencing studies and will - on a long-range - result in a more reliable prediction of individual cancer therapies."

  Study EGAS00001000136

• Tracing the origin of disseminated tumor cells in breast cancer using single-cell sequencing

  Background Single-cell micro-metastases of solid tumors often occur in the bone marrow. These disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) may resist therapy and lay dormant or progress to cause overt bone and visceral metastases. The molecular nature of DTCs remains elusive, as well as when and from where in the tumor they originate. Here, we apply single-cell sequencing to identify and trace the origin of DTCs in breast cancer. Results We sequence the genomes of 63 single cells isolated from six non-metastatic breast cancer patients. By comparing the cells DNA copy number aberration (CNA) landscapes with those of the primary tumors and lymph node metastasis, we establish that 53% of the single cells morphologically classified as tumor cells are DTCs disseminating from the observed tumor. The remaining cells represent either non-aberrant ‘normal’ cells or aberrant cells of unknown origin that have CNA landscapes discordant from the tumor. Further analyses suggest that the prevalence of aberrant cells of unknown origin is age-dependent, and that at least a subset is hematopoietic in origin. Evolutionary reconstruction analysis of bulk tumor and DTC genomes enables ordering of CNA events in molecular pseudo-time and traced the origin of the DTCs to either the main tumor clone, primary tumor subclones, or subclones in an axillary lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Single-cell sequencing of bone marrow epithelial-like cells, in parallel with intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity profiling from bulk DNA, is a powerful approach to identify and study DTCs, yielding insight into metastatic processes. A heterogeneous population of CNA-positive cells is present in the bone marrow of non-metastatic breast cancer patients, only part of which are derived from the observed tumor lineages.

  Study EGAS00001002102

• Combining a Universal Telomerase Based Cancer Vaccine with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma - Five-year Follow up of a Phase I/IIa Trial

  Background Ipilimumab improves survival for patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Combining a therapeutic cancer vaccine with ipilimumab may increase efficacy by providing enhanced anti-tumor immune responses. UV1 consists of three synthetic long peptides from human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). These peptides comprise epitopes recognized by T cells from cancer patients experiencing long-term survival following treatment with a first-generation hTERT vaccine, and generate long-lasting immune responses in cancer patients when used as monotherapy. The objective of this trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of combining UV1 with ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma. Patients and methods In this phase I/IIa, single center trial [NCT02275416], patients with metastatic melanoma received repeated UV1 vaccinations, with GM-CSF as an adjuvant, in combination with ipilimumab. Patients were evaluated for safety, efficacy and immune response. Immune responses against vaccine peptides were monitored in peripheral blood by measuring antigen-specific proliferation and IFN-γ production. Results Twelve patients were recruited. Adverse events were mainly diarrhea, injection site reaction, pruritus, rash, nausea and fatigue. Ten patients showed a Th1 immune response to UV1 peptides, occurring early and after few vaccinations. Three patients obtained a partial response and one patient a complete response. Overall survival was 50% at 5 years. Conclusion Treatment was well tolerated. The rapid expansion of UV1-specific Th1 cells in the majority of patients indicates synergy between UV1 vaccine and CTLA-4 blockade. This may have translated into clinical benefit, encouraging the combination of UV1 vaccination with standard of care treatment regimes containing ipilimumab/CTLA-4 blocking antibodies.

  Study EGAS00001005253

• Exploration of coding and non-coding variants in cancer using GenomePaint.

  GenomePaint (https://proteinpaint.stjude.org/genomepaint) is a dynamic visualization platform for whole-genome, whole-exome, transcriptome, and epigenomic data, featuring a novel design that captures the inter-relatedness between DNA variations and RNA expression. Regulatory non-coding variants can be inspected and discovered along with coding variants, and their functional impact further explored by examining 3D genome and/or ChIP-seq data generated from cancer cell lines. Further, GenomePaint correlates mutation and expression patterns with patient outcomes, and can display external data such as adult cancer datasets and user-provided custom tracks. We used GenomePaint to analyze multi-omics data from 3,652 pediatric cancers representing 16 histotypes, and demonstrate the visualization features through examples, including two that led to new insights into oncogenic mechanisms in pediatric cancer. The first is the discovery of a new class of pathogenic recurrent variants that cause aberrant splicing, disrupting the RING domain of CREBBP, a driver gene frequently mutated in relapsed pediatric leukemia. The second is the cis-activation of the MYC oncogene in a subset of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) via duplication of the NOTCH1-MYC enhancer (N-ME), previously discovered only in T-lineage ALL. The regulatory impact of N-ME enhancer amplification was initially confirmed by allelic imbalance in published gene expression and ChIP-seq data and verified by additional Capture-C and fluorescence in situ hybridization data generated by follow-up experiments. These examples demonstrate the power of GenomePaint in enabling not only data visualization but also integrative genomic analysis that can lead to novel biological insight for follow-up experimental validation.

  Study EGAS00001004669

• germline pathogenic variants found in African patients of prostate cancer

  70 new blood samples added in this project

  Study EGAS50000001132

• The_mutational_landscape_of_recurrent_Glioblastome_multiforme

  Targeted gene screen of approx 120 patients with primary GBM and recurrent samples.

  Study EGAS00001001764

• Wilms_Tumour_organoid_sequencing_WGS

  This study investigates the genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of Wilm's tumour organoids

  Study EGAS00001002692

• Placental_genomics

  The aim of this study is to define the mutational landscape of placentas.

  Study EGAS00001003297

• Genetic Susceptibility and Biomarkers of Platinum-Related Toxicities

  The Platinum Study is an R01-funded, multicenter study of testicular cancer survivors that characterizes both long-term cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (CisIPN) and cisplatin-associated ototoxicity, i.e., permanent, bilateral hearing loss. We collected data abstracted from medical records (e.g., cumulative cisplatin dose), conducted audiometric examinations, and administered self-report questionnaires, which included CisIPN symptoms.

  Study phs001621

• Exome Sequencing of Pleuropulmonary Blastoma

  Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare, aggressive pediatric cancer arising from the lung or pleural cavity. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the exomes of 15 PPB matched tumor and normal pairs. This study is part of a larger effort to characterize pediatric cancers as part of the Slim Initiative for Genomic Medicine (SIGMA) project.

  Study phs000543

• Single cell transcriptomic profiles of advanced melanoma patients treated with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy

  Little is known about the resistant clones within the tumour ecosystem treated with immunotherapy. This work provides a comprehensive and integrative analysis of each individual non-responding melanoma patients, including clinical features integrated with single cell analysis, which is critical to understand features of resistance in order to improve cancer patients’ outcomes.

  Study EGAS50000000339

• TIGER-LC High-Throughput Sequencing

  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity. We performed sequencing on multiple data levels of Thai CCA and HCC among the Thailand Initiative in Genomics and Expression Research for Liver Cancer (TIGER-LC) cohort using targeted OncoVar platform, whole exome, whole transcriptome, and whole genome metagenomic sequencing.

  Study phs001199

• Genomic Data from Patients with Advanced Rare Cancers Treated with Pembrolizumab

  Rare cancers lack effective evidence-based treatments despite contributing substantially to cancer-related mortality. The goal of this study is to identify molecular biomarkers associated with response to pembrolizumab in patients with advanced rare cancers.This dataset includes genomic profiling generated from patients enrolled in an investigator-initiated phase II basket trial of pembrolizumab.

  Study EGAS50000001508