16470 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

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• A Protein Neddylation Inhibitor MLN4924 Suppresses Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells via Inhibition of ERK and AKT Signaling

  Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor, with limited treatment options. Abnormal activation of the neddylation pathway is observed in glioblastoma, and the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, MLN4924 was previously shown to be effective in glioblastoma cell line models. However, its effect has not been tested in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells. Immunohistochemistry and public data were analyzed to determine whether NEDD8 pathway proteins are important in glioblastoma development and patient survival. The effects of MLN4924 were evaluated in 4 glioblastoma cell lines and 15 patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells using high content analysis. Immunoblot analysis assessed the NEDD8 pathway proteins and biomarkers. Whole transcriptome analysis identified pathways associated with MLN4924 sensitivity. NAE1 and UBA3 levels increased in glioblastoma patients; high NEDD8 levels were associated with poor clinical outcomes. Glioblastoma cell lines and patient-derived stem cells were highly susceptible to MLN4924, while normal human astrocytes were resistant. Genomic analyses indicated that MLN4924 sensitive cells exhibited enrichment of ERK and AKT signaling. We verified that MLN4924 inhibits ERK and AKT phosphorylation in MLN4924 sensitive cells. Our findings suggest that patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells in the context of ERK and AKT activation are sensitive and highly regulated by neddylation inhibition.

  Study EGAS00001004018

• WXS and RNA-seq for 22 patients treated with radiation + immunotherapy

  Over 500 active clinical trials are investigating combination radiation (RT) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) as a cancer treatment; however, the majority of trials have found no positive interaction. We performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of a randomized phase I clinical trial of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent or sequential ablative RT and ICB. Concurrent treatment was superior to sequential treatment in augmenting local and distant tumor responses and improving overall survival in a subset of patients with highly aneuploid tumors, but not in those with less aneuploid tumors. Our analysis suggested that concurrent treatment eliminated immunologically cold aneuploid tumors better than sequential treatment and improved patient outcomes. In addition, we report that RT alone decreased intratumoral cytotoxic effector T cell and adaptive immune gene expression signatures, in contrast to upregulation of key immune pathways after concurrent administration of RT and ICB. Our findings distinguish the differential genomic and transcriptomic effects of RT versus RT and ICB and challenge the prevailing paradigm that local ablative RT beneficially stimulates the immune response. We propose the use of tumor aneuploidy as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in personalizing treatment approaches for patients with NSCLC treated with RT and ICB.

  Study EGAS00001006212

• RNA-Seq of vocal fold fibroblasts in Reinke’s edema and control subjects

  The voice disorder Reinke’s edema (RE) is a smoking- and voice-abuse associated benign lesion of the vocal folds, defined by an edema of the Reinke space, accompanied with pathological microvasculature changes and immune cell infiltration. Vocal fold fibroblasts (VFF) are the main cell type of the lamina propria and play a key role in the disease progression. Current therapy is restricted to symptomatic treatment. Hence, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the molecular causes of the disease. In the present study, we investigated differential expression profiles of RE and control VFF by means of RNA sequencing. In addition, fast gene set enrichment analysis (FGSEA) was performed in order to obtain involved biological processes, mRNA and protein levels of targets of interest were further evaluated. We identified 74 differentially regulated genes in total, 19 of which were upregulated and 55 downregulated. Differential expression analysis and FGSEA revealed upregulated genes and pathways involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, inflammation and fibrosis. Downregulated genes and pathways were involved in ECM degradation, cell cycle control and proliferation. The current study addressed for the first time a direct comparison of VFF from RE to control and evaluated immediate functional consequences.

  Study EGAS00001005130

• ST dataset of subcortical MS

  Spatial transcriptomics from subcortical white matter controls and MS lesions, specifically chronic active (CA) and chronic inactive (CI), that paired with single-nuclei RNA-sequencing from the same samples , was used to identify spatial niches and key cell interactions driving inflammation and disease progression

  Study EGAS50000000353

• single cell RNA sequencing and ATAC sequencing, and Whole Genome sequencing of ALS patients

  To investigate ALS pathology at the cellular level, we conducted a multiome (single-nucleus RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing) analysis using the motor cortex and spinal cord of patients with ALS and control individuals.

  Study JGAS000852

• Human_Evolution_3B

  The mtDNA and Y chromosome of up to 15 Australian Aborigines, concentrating on individuals with indigenous lineages will be sequenced using the standard whole-genome sequencing followed by filtering out autosomal and X sequences, so that only mtDNA and the Y chromosome would be analysed and released.

  Study EGAS00001000718

• National Cancer Institute - Population Structure and Natural Selection in the Epidemiology of Burkitt Lymphoma in East African Children and Minors (EMBLEM) study in Uganda

  A genome-wide analysis of genetic structure, gene flow, and natural selection was conducted in populations in the endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) belt in Ghana and Northern Uganda, both subject to a high incidence of falciparum malaria and eBL. These populations have different ethnolinguistic ancestries and are located 2400 miles apart in sub-Saharan Africa. We characterized genetic composition of these populations in the context of 22 additional African populations and present evidence for gene flow events that occurred in the last 3000 years, possibly related to regional migrations in Western Africa and major migrations involving Nilotic, Cushitic, and Bantu groups. The Ugandan population was comprised of 758 children (mean age ~7 years) from 17 Western Nilo-Saharan tribes. The current dataset includes 561 healthy children and 197 children with eBL from northern Uganda.

  Study phs001705

• ASsessing and Predicting Infant RSV Effects and Severity (AsPIRES) Study

  A prospective multi-year clinical translational study including three cohorts of term infants experiencing their first Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) season. All infants are less than or equal to nine months of age at study entry. The three subject cohorts represent the full spectrum of RSV disease severity and include a birth cohort, a cohort of infants hospitalized for RSV disease and infants evaluated at ambulatory settings for RSV infection. All infants are followed longitudinally and evaluated at recognition of acute RSV infection and twice during convalescence. Innate and adaptive immune status are comprehensively measured in association with clinical, environmental, viral, and bacteriologic factors. Genome-wide expression is assessed in the nasal airways, and in sorted peripheral blood lymphocytes. The study goal is to Identify host responses to RSV infection and factors associated with severe disease.

  Study phs001201

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): OncoKids - NGS Panel for Pediatric Malignancies

  This study aimed to systematically collect clinical, registry and genomic data on pediatric cancer patients, and to contribute to the CCDI Pediatric Data Ecosystem. Clinical, treatment and outcome data on 1,039 pediatric cancer patients whose molecular profile was characterized on OncoKids gene panel at Children's Hospital Los Angeles was abstracted and harmonized for submission to the NCI’s Cancer Data Service. The OncoKids panel was designed to detect DNA mutations and amplification in almost 200 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, a limited number of pharmacogenomic targets and 1,700 disease-associated gene fusions at the RNA level. The panel encompasses the vast majority of FDA’s relevant pediatric molecular target list, as well as additional genes associated with ultra-rare pediatric tumors. The final data elements included DNA/RNA sequence data, OncoKids test results, clinical data on demographics, diagnosis, comorbidity and adverse events and treatment data.

  Study phs002518

• Genomic Alterations and Transcriptional Phenotypes in Circulating Tumor DNA and Matched Metastatic Tumor

  We analyzed a prospective cohort of 49 plasma samples obtained before, during, and after treatment from 20 patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer. We conducted cfDNA low-pass whole genome sequencing (0.1X coverage) and exome sequencing (130X coverage) in comparison with time-point matched tumor characterized using whole-exome (130X) and transcriptome sequencing. A direct comparison of cfDNA and tumor biopsy revealed that cfDNA not only mirrors the mutation and copy number landscape of the corresponding tumor, but also identifies clinically relevant resistance mechanisms and cancer driver alterations not detected in matched tumor biopsies. Longitudinal cfDNA analysis reliably tracks tumor response, progression, and clonal evolution. Sequencing coverage of plasma DNA fragments around transcription start sites showed distinct treatment-related changes and captured the expression of key transcription factors n the corresponding SCLC tumors.

  Study phs003689