12405 results for ""non-traditional+communal+storytelling+approach"+novel+segment+noted+in+critical+commentary"

in 20.65 milliseconds.

• Targeting Heterochromatin Eliminates Malignant Stem Cells in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Through Reactivation of Retroelements and Innate Immune pathways

  Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging involves heterochromatin reorganization. These repressive marks together with DNA methylation are essential for suppressing transposable elements (TEs). In this study we analyze heterochromatin and transcriptomic changes occurring at genes and TEs in HSCs from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, a severe myeloid malignancy affecting the elderly, compared to age-matched cells, and in the presence or absence of a combination of epidrugs.

  Study EGAS50000000367

• Targeting Heterochromatin Eliminates Malignant Stem Cells in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Through Reactivation of Retroelements and Innate Immune pathways

  Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging involves heterochromatin reorganization. These repressive marks together with DNA methylation are essential for suppressing transposable elements (TEs). In this study we analyze heterochromatin and transcriptomic changes occurring at genes and TEs in HSCs from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, a severe myeloid malignancy affecting the elderly, compared to age-matched cells, and in the presence or absence of a combination of epidrugs.

  Study EGAS50000000688

• RNA sequencing of serial samples from patients enrolled in the NA-PHER2 trial

  Improved outcomes in HER2+ breast cancer have resulted from chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapies. However, HER2+ER+ cancers exhibit lower response rates. The NA-PHER2 trial investigated chemo-free preoperative HER2 and CDK4/6 blockade with or without endocrine therapy in HER2+ER+ breast cancer. Through RNA sequencing and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) assessment in serial biopsies we identified predictive biomarkers of pCR, Day 14 Ki67 response, and unveiled treatment-induced molecular changes.

  Study EGAS50000000248

• Multi-omics analysis reveals immune programs delineating disease severity in extrapulmonary tuberculosis

  This study investigates the immune response in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) using a combination of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. Hierarchical clustering of patient transcriptomes identified three distinct levels of disease severity, uncovering immunological pathways involved in disease progression, including interferon and IL-1β-mediated signaling. The findings also led to the development of a diagnostic gene expression signature for both EPTB and pulmonary TB, offering potential improvements in TB diagnosis and treatment.

  Study EGAS50000000668

• Multi-omics analysis reveals immune programs delineating disease severity in extrapulmonary tuberculosis

  This study investigates the immune response in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) using single-cell RNA sequencing. Hierarchical clustering of patient transcriptomes identified three distinct levels of disease severity, uncovering immunological pathways involved in disease progression, including interferon and IL-1β-mediated signaling. The findings also led to the development of a diagnostic gene expression signature for both EPTB and pulmonary TB, offering potential improvements in TB diagnosis and treatment.

  Study EGAS50000000758

• Genomic profiling identified ERCC2 helicase domain mutations respond to platinum-based neoadjuvant therapy in urothelial bladder cancer

  Genomic profiling of tumours enables therapeutic decisions, and identifying drug-matched mutations will prolong survival and prognosis. Here, we generated a custom panel for detecting genetic alterations in 19 patients with urothelial bladder cancer. This panel targeted 71 genes associated with urological cancer. Targeted sequencing was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissues. In this study, we revealed genome profiles and actionable mutations in patients with urothelial bladder cancer.

  Study JGAS000241

• PTEN homozygous deletion is a negative prognostic factor in Tumor Treating Fields-treated glioblastoma, IDH wildtype patients

  This study investigates genomic determinants of outcome in glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype patients treated with Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in addition to standard radiochemotherapy. Tumor tissue from primary glioblastoma at initial diagnosis was profiled using the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) targeted sequencing panel to characterise somatic alterations. The overarching goal is to provide exploration of genomic determinants of survival and treatment response in TTFields-treated glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype.

  Study EGAS50000001469

• Rare Germline Variants in CDKN2A-Negative Children and Adolescents with Cutaneous Melanoma

  Cutaneous melanoma is a complex disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Inherited susceptibility plays a significant role, involving a combination of high-, intermediate-, and low-penetrance genes. Melanoma in children and adolescents has been speculated to have a stronger genetic component due to the early onset. This study investigates germline variants in early-onset melanoma through exome sequencing of 154 patients in Australia diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma before the age of 20.

  Study EGAS50000001311

• Detection of clinically relevant genetic and transcriptomic landscape in DLBCL uniformly treated by R-CHOP

  Recent studies using next-generation sequencing strategies have described the landscape of genetic alterations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, little is known about the clinical relevance of recurrent mutations and copy number alterations and their transcriptional footprints. This study examines the frequency, interaction and clinical impact of recurrent genetic aberrations in DLBCL using high-resolution technologies in a large population-based cohort.

  Study EGAS00001002657

• Spatial Heterogeneity in CLL

  A whole-genome/exome sequencing (WGS/WES) characterization of the spatial heterogeneity found in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) at diagnosis. Fifteen synchronous peripheral blood and lymph node samples were analyzed by WGS (n=2) or WES (n=13). Subtle differences in the global architecture of the tumor at peripheral blood and lymph node were observed only in a fraction of patients. Spatial heterogeneity was not found among the well-established CLL driver alterations.

  Study EGAS00001003803

• Whole exome sequencing in patients with ALS and concomitant FTD lacking the C9orf72 repeat expansion

  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are part of a clinical, pathological and genetic continuum. The purpose of the present study was to assess the mutation burden that is present in ALS and/or FTD known disease-causing genes in 54 patients (16 with available postmortem neuropathological diagnosis) with concurrent ALS and FTD (ALS/FTD) not-carrying the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion, the most important genetic cause in both diseases.

  Study EGAS00001002439

• Preservation of stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer organoids requires low Wnt environment

  High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) likely originates from the fallopian tube (FT) epithelium, but advanced stages are mostly found outside the FT. We used ex-vivo cultures of HGSOC and knock-out of tumor suppressors in FT organoids to study changes in epithelial cells and niche requirements for normal and transformed FT cells. We found that transformed cells require BMP signaling and are growth arrested in Wnt rich medium.

  Study EGAS00001003821

• Public Access Defibrillation Community Trial (PAD)(PAD-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Objectives The Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Community Trial sought to evaluate broad implementation of Public Access Defibrillators (PAD) in urban community units. Survival to hospital discharge of participants with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was the main outcome measure. Survival was compared in community units (e.g., apartment or office buildings, gated communities, sports venues, senior centers, shopping malls) served by non-medical responders trained in CPR and use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), to units receiving the traditional optimum community standard of care (i.e., rescuers trained to recognize a cardiac emergency, call 911, and initiate CPR). Background Sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA) remains a significant cause of death, in spite of recent declines in overall mortality from cardiovascular disease. Existing methods of emergency resuscitation are inadequate due to time delays inherent in transporting trained responders with defibrillation capabilities to the side of the OOH-CA victim. Existing Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems typically combine paramedic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) services with some level of community involvement, such as bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. Some communities include automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at isolated sites or in mobile police or fire vehicles. Such an approach typically varies in effectiveness, with an incremental improvement in effectiveness seen in communities that organize and integrate services with the existing EMS system. However, optimal improvement in survival from sudden OOH-CA may require a program that utilizes volunteer non-medical responders (who may not have a traditional duty to respond to an emergency) trained to use AEDs. Participants The PAD trial was a prospective, randomized community based trial. More than 19,000 volunteer responders from 993 community units in 24 North American regions participated. The two study arms had similar unit and volunteer characteristics. Participants with treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the two groups were similar in age (mean: 69.8 years), proportion of men (67 perecnt), rate of cardiac arrest in a public location (70 percent), and rate of witnessed cardiac arrest (72 percent). Conclusions Community units with volunteers trained in CPR and AEDs had significantly more participants surviving to hospital discharge than units with volunteers trained to use CPR only. There were 30 survivors among 128 definite cardiac arrests in the CPR+AED units and 15 survivors among 107 definite cardiac arrests in the CPR only units (p = 0.03). Serious adverse effects were rarely reported. No volunteers received inadvertent shocks, and no participants were shocked unnecessarily. AED maintenance problems were infrequent. A few participating volunteers reported severe stress related to responding to emergency situations. Although residential complexes represented 16% of the units and 29% of the treatable cardiac arrests, only 5% of the survivors were from residential complexes. Such information should be helpful for individual facilities that are considering implementing PAD programs. (NEJM 2004; 351:637-46).

  Study phs003858

• Knoll et al Identification of drug candidates targeting monocyte reprogramming in people living with HIV

  Introduction People living with HIV (PLHIV) are characterized by functional reprogramming of innate immune cells even after long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). In order to assess technical feasibility of omics technologies for application to larger cohorts, we compared multiple omics layers. Methods Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, flow cytometry, proteomics, chromatin landscape analysis by ATAC-seq as well as ex vivo drug stimulation was performed in a small number of blood samples derived from PLHIV and healthy controls from the 200-HIV cohort study. Results Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that most immune cells in peripheral blood of PLHIV are altered in their transcriptomes and that a specific functional monocyte state previously described in acute HIV infection is still existing in PLHIV while other monocyte cell states are only occurring acute infection. Moreover, a reverse transcriptome approach on a rather small number of PLHIV was sufficient to identify drug candidates for reversing the transcriptional phenotype of monocytes in PLHIV. Discussion These scientific findings and technological advancements for clinical application of single-cell transcriptomics form the basis for the larger 2000-HIV multicenter cohort study on PLHIV, for which a combination of bulk and single-cell transcriptomics will be included as the leading technology to determine disease endotypes in PLHIV and to predict disease trajectories and outcomes.

  Study EGAS00001007460

• Characterizing the Neurobehavioral Phenotype(s) in MPS III (Pilot Study)

  Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPSIII) syndrome is characterized by a severe cognitive decline ending in dementia and death. MPSIII is also associated with a range of abnormal and disruptive behaviors that can include, but go well beyond, childhood noncompliance and oppositionality. The purpose of this study is to conduct a cross-sectional investigation to identify the behavioral phenotype and its neural basis in MPSIII. An overall goal of this research is to develop easily administered, sensitive and specific neurobehavioral markers to characterize the behavioral phenotype(s) of MPSIII, track their progression, and to delineate their possible neural substrates. The study looks to develop develop a sensitive and specific behavioral rating of disease progression in MPS III which can be used for clinical outcome studies. The research objectives are: Develop a measure for the use of health professionals to use in tracking MPSIII phenotypes and disease progression. Test our model of MPSIII with objectively recorded behaviors in a well-defined experimental setting. Elucidate the neural bases of MPSIII by correlating behavioral profiles with changes in brain structures through quantitative neuroimaging. Determine the relationship between the loss of cognitive functions and development of behavioral abnormalities in MPSIII. This is an observational pilot study that will enroll 45 individuals with MPS III Type A or B. Those participating in the study will be evaluated during a one-day assessment and chart review.

  Study phs001330

• Etiological Investigation of Cancer Susceptibility in Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: A Natural History Study

  Background: A prospective cohort of Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome (IBMFS) will provide new information regarding cancer rates and types in these disorders. Mutations in IBMFS genes are relevant to carcinogenesis in sporadic cancers. Patients with IBMFS who develop cancer differ in their genetic and/or environmental features from patients with IBMFS who do not develop cancer. These cancer-prone families are well suited for cancer screening and prevention trials targeting those at increased genetic risk of cancer. Carriers of IBMFS gene mutations are at increased risk of cancer. The prototype disorder is Fanconi Anemia (FA); other IBMFS will also be studied. Objectives: To determine the types and incidence of specific cancers in patients with an IBMFS. To investigate the relevance of IBMFS gene mutations in the carcinogenesis pathway of the sporadic counterparts of IBMFS-associated cancers. To identify risk factors for IBMFS-related cancers in addition to the primary germline mutations. To determine the risk of cancer in IBMFS carriers. Design: Natural history study, with questionnaires, clinical evaluations, clinical and research laboratory tests, review of medical records, cancer surveillance. Primary endpoints are all cancers, solid tumors, and cancers specific to each type of IBMFS. Secondary endpoints are markers of pre-malignant conditions, such as leukoplakia, serum or tissue evidence of carcinogenic viruses, and bone marrow morphologic myelodyplastic syndrome or cytogenetic clones.

  Study phs001481

• Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade in mismatch-repair proficient colon cancers

  Immune checkpoint blockade has led to paradigm shifts in the treatment of various tumour types, yet limited efficacy has been observed in patients with metastatic mismatch-repair proficient (pMMR) colorectal cancer. Here we report an in-depth analysis of patients with early-stage pMMR colon cancer from the phase II NICHE study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03026140). A total of 31 patients received neoadjuvant treatment of nivolumab plus ipilimumab followed by surgery. The response rate was 26% and included six patients with a major pathological response (≤10% residual viable tumour). One patient with an ongoing clinical complete response did not undergo surgery. Responses were observed despite a low tumour mutational burden in all tumours, while chromosomal genomic instability scores were significantly higher in responders compared to non-responders. Responding tumours were more likely to be TP53 mutant, KRASG12 wildtype and had significantly higher baseline expression of proliferation signatures and TCF1. Imaging mass cytometry also revealed a higher percentage of Ki-67+ cancer and Ki-67+ CD8+ T cells in responders compared to non-responders. Meanwhile, in non-responders, we observed an enrichment for an inflamed-fibrotic microenvironment associated with TGF-β expression, hinting towards possible resistance mechanisms. These results provide a comprehensive analysis of response to neoadjuvant ICB in early-stage pMMR colon cancers and identify potential biomarkers for patient selection.

  Study EGAS50000000856

• Extracellular transcriptome in seminal plasma for non-invasive prostate cancer diagnosis

  A diagnostic non-invasive biomarker test for prostate cancer at an early stage, with high sensitivity and specificity, would improve diagnostic decision making. Extracellular RNAs present in seminal plasma might contain biomarker potential for the accurate detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. So far, the extracellular messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of seminal plasma has not been interrogated for its biomarker potential in the context of prostate cancer. Here, we investigate the mRNA transcriptome in seminal plasma samples obtained from prostate cancer patients (n=25), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (n=26) and individuals without prostatic disease (n=6). Seminal plasma harbors a complex mRNA repertoire that reflects prostate as its tissue of origin. The endogenous RNA content is higher in the prostate cancer samples compared to the control samples. Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), a long non-coding RNA with prostate cancer-specific overexpression, and ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1), known to be involved in the prostate cancer pathogenesis, were more abundant in the prostate cancer group. In addition, twelve high confidence fusion transcripts could be detected in prostate cancer samples, including the bona-fide prostate cancer fusion transcript TMPRSS2-ERG. Our findings provide proof-of-principle that the extracellular transcriptome of seminal plasma can reveal information of an underlying prostate cancer.

  Study EGAS00001005277

• Patient-derived tumor organoids for personalized medicine in a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation.

  We report the case of a 74-year-old man with a very rare subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (HCC-NED). The patient presented with two independent tumors, a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the stomach and a hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver. Both tumors were surgically removed in curative intent. Histopathological work-up of the liver tumor revealed poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (Edmondson-Steiner grade IV) with diffuse expression of neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin (SYP) and chromogranin (CHGA). Three months after resection, multifocal recurrence of the HCC with neuroendocrine differentiation (HCC-NED) was observed. In the meantime, tumor organoids have been generated from the resected HCC-NED and extensively characterized. Sensitivity to a number of drugs approved for the treatment of HCC or neuroendocrine carcinomas was tested in vitro. Based on their in vitro efficacy, etoposide and carboplatin were used as first line palliative combination treatment. Because genomic analysis revealed a NTRK1-mutation (kinase domain) and tumor organoids were sensitive to entrectinib, a pan-TRK inhibitor, the patient received entrectinib as second line therapy. After only two weeks, treatment had to be discontinued due to deterioration of the patient’s general condition. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that preclinical drug testing using organoids is feasible in selected HCC cases.

  Study EGAS00001005887

• Mutant p53 confers gain-of-function transcriptional activity in liver cancer

  Mutant p53 confers gain-of-function transcriptional activity in liver cancer

  Study EGAS00001005779

• Monocyte Spike-in RNASeq

  Please see our related publication, 'Tumor monocyte content predicts immunochemotherapy outcomes in esophageal adenocarcinoma'.

  Study EGAS00001007197

• WGS data for ctDNA monitoring for NSCLC in TRACERx

  Ultrasensitive circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) detection can stratify clinical risk in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we applied a whole-genome, tumour-informed approach to study ctDNA in more than 400 NSCLC of the TRACERx project

  Study EGAS50000001187

• Elevated circulating tumor cells reflect high proliferation and genomic complexity in multiple myeloma - RNA validation cohort

  This reposiroty contains bulk RNA data generated by Blood Cancer Research Group (Ostrava, Czech Republic) as a part of publication named "Elevated circulating tumor cells reflect high proliferation and genomic complexity in multiple myeloma" published in Hemapshere.

  Study EGAS50000001212

• Elevated circulating tumor cells reflect high proliferation and genomic complexity in multiple myeloma - WGS validation cohort

  This reposiroty contains bulk WGS data generated by Blood Cancer Research Group (Ostrava, Czech Republic) as a part of publication named "Elevated circulating tumor cells reflect high proliferation and genomic complexity in multiple myeloma" published in Hemapshere.

  Study EGAS50000001211

• Transcriptome sequencing, DNA methylation analysis, and SNP array analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Down syndrome

  Pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Down syndrome (DS-ALL) is poorly understood. To investigate molecular basis of DS-ALL, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing, DNA methylation array, and SNP array analysis in 43 cases of DS-ALL.

  Study JGAS000147

• Target sequencing of 8 hereditary prostate cancer genes in Japanese

  We performed a case control association study for variants in coding regions of 8 hereditary prostate cancer genes in 7,636 male unselected prostate cancer patients, 12,366 male controls of Japanese ancestry. The 8 genes were ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK2, HOXB13, NBN, and PALB2.

  Study JGAS000203

• intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma

  To investigate intratumor heterogeneity in precancerous lesions of colorectal cancers (PCRCs), we performed whole-exome sequencing of 53 tumor and 10 matched-normal samples from 10 laterally spreading tumors in the colon and rectum, which were histologically diagnosed as adenoma with/without adenocarcinoma.

  Study JGAS000092

• Mutations in PNPLA6 are linked to photoreceptor degeneration and various forms of childhood blindness

  In this work, using exome sequencing, we identified biallelic PNLPA6 mutations in patients with childhood blindness due to severe photoreceptor death and clinical features of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and, interestingly, also of the rare Oliver McFarlane Syndrome

  Study EGAS00001001013

• Mutational context and diverse clonal development in early and late bladder cancer

  Bladder cancer shows multiple recurrences probably originating from a malignant field disease in the mucosa. Deep sequencing was used on a series of tumors to look into the clonal composition, mutational spectrum in non-aggressive tumors, and mutational context.

  Study EGAS00001000641

• A living biobank of patient-derived ductal carcinoma in situ Mouse-INtraDuctal xenografts identifies factors associated with risk of invasive progression

  Create a living biobank of patient-derived ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) Mouse-INtraDuctal (MIND) xenografts to find factors explaining invasive growth. Samples exist of both primary and pdx samples. Invasive growth was scored in the pdx.

  Study EGAS00001006554

• Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression (PediGFR)

  The Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Associated with Renal Progression (PediGFR) (RO1-DK082394) is an international collaborative study among three large prospective cohort studies of children with chronic kidney disease. The participating parent cohort studies are the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD), the Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on CRF Progression in Pediatric Patients (ESCAPE), and the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (4C) study. In these cohorts, pediatric subjects with CKD have been prospectively followed with standardized measurements for renal progression. The dbGaP data upload will utilize the structure of sub-studies to include the genotype and baseline phenotype for the three cohorts, as well as the RBC trait and anemia data for a sub-study under PI Susan Furth: Role of Genetic Variation in the Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease (K24DK078737). In brief PediGFR is a prospective study of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to determine genetic factors associated with kidney function measured by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by Schwartz equation. The PediGFR_v2 Cohort is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-studies. To view genotypes, other molecular data, and derived variables collected in these sub-studies, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-studies" box located on the right hand side of this top-level study page phs000842 PediGFR_v2 Cohort. phs000843 4C phs000650 CKiD phs000844 ESCAPE

  Study phs000842

• Targeting the p53 pathway to treat Malignant Rhabdoid and High-Risk Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors

  Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) predominantly affect young children and are among the deadliest pediatric solid tumors. Despite multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, children with these tumors have median survival of less than one year. RTs can arise throughout the body, including the central nervous system (CNS) where they are called atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs), and in extra-CNS locations such as the kidneys and other soft tissues where they are designated malignant RTs (MRTs). We previously identified MDM2 and MDM4 as therapeutic vulnerabilities in RTs and showed that treatment with the MDM2 inhibitor idasanutlin increased survival in mice bearing MRT xenografts. However, the therapeutic potential of idasanutlin in CNS RT tumors is unknown. Single agent therapies are prone to resistance and show limited clinical benefit on their own. Therefore, we sought to identify combination strategies incorporating idasanutlin that would be effective in both CNS and extra-CNS RTs. Here, we show that the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor increased nuclear retention of p53 and potentiated idasanutlin-induced p53 pathway activation and cytotoxicity in AT/RT and MRT cell lines in vitro. Importantly, combination therapy limited acquired resistance through TP53 mutation. In vivo, combination therapy was well-tolerated, reduced tumor burden, and increased survival in orthotopic models of both AT/RT and MRT. Our results demonstrate that combining idasanutlin with selinexor is a promising therapeutic strategy for children with rhabdoid tumors.

  Study EGAS00001007680

• Differentially methylated CpGs in response to growth hormone administration in children with idiopathic short stature

  Background: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has shown a great growth-promoting potential in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). However, the response to rhGH differs across individuals, largely due to genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity. Since epigenetic marks on the methylome can be dynamically influenced by GH, we performed a comprehensive pharmaco-epigenomics analysis of DNA methylation changes associated with long-term rhGH administration in children with ISS. Results: We measured DNA methylation profiles before and after GH treatment (with a duration of ~18 months in average) on 47 healthy children using customized methylC-seq capture sequencing. Their changes were compared and associated with changes in plasma IGF1 by adjusting sex, age, treatment duration, and estimated blood proportions. We observed a considerable inter-individual heterogeneity of DNA methylation changes responding to GH treatment. We identified 267 response-associated differentially methylated cytosines (DMC) that were enriched in promoter regions, CpG islands and blood cell-type specific regulatory elements. Furthermore, the genes associated with these DMCs were enriched in the biology process of "cell development", "neuron differentiation" and "developmental growth", and in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, PPAR Alpha pathway, endoderm differentiation pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway as well as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our study provides a first insight in DNA methylation changes associated with rhGH administration, which may help understand mechanisms of epigenetic regulation on GH-responsive genes.

  Study EGAS00001006115

• Identification of the mutational consequences of precancerous liver disease (including alcohol abuse) on the genomes of human adult stem cells.

  Stem cells are believed to be the cells-of-origin cancer. Nevertheless, their genome remains remarkably stable during life. To increase insight into how these cells can drive tumorigenesis, we set out to determine the genomic integrity of human adult stem cells from patients with liver disease associated with increased cancer risk. To this end, we characterized genome-wide mutation profiles of single ASCs from livers of patients with alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The patients included in our study received a liver transplant due to their liver disease. Strikingly, we found that ASCs in these livers maintain a stable genome and have comparable mutation rates as healthy human liver ASCs. We did observe more nonsense and nonsynonymous mutations in COSMIC cancer genes that are hit by dominant mutations in tumors in comparison to healthy ASCs (n.s.), including two ASCs in alcoholic liver disease patients with a nonsense mutation in PTPRK. Next, we sequenced 5 biopsies of an alcoholic tumour to identify the mutational patterns in the tumour-initiating ASC. We found that the mutational patterns are, again, similar to healthy liver, but the mutational load is slightly higher. This suggests that the increased cancer risk in the liver disease patients is not caused by an increased mutational load, but rather that the precancerous liver environment promotes outgrowth of cells that would normally be selected against.

  Study EGAS00001002983

• Genomic Characterization of Meningiomas

  Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor in the US. Although the tumor suppressor gene NF2 is disrupted in approximately half of meningiomas, the complete spectrum of genetic changes in meningiomas remains poorly understood, particularly in the large subset of tumors without NF2 alterations. Therefore we performed whole-genome sequencing from 11 Grade I meningioma tumor-normal pairs and whole-exome sequencing from an additional 6 tumor-normal pairs to identify somatic mutations, insertions-deletions, copy-number alterations and rearrangements. We validated our results by performing focused sequencing across 48 additional meningiomas.

  Study phs000552

• Pharmacogenomic Analysis of Microtubule Targeting Agent Response and Toxicity

  Microtubule targeting agents are commonly prescribed for early and metastatic breast cancer and other solid tumors. However, interindividual variability in microtubule targeting drug response and toxicity can cause limited therapeutic benefit and impact quality of life. In the present study, genome-wide analyses were performed to investigate how genetic factors can be used to increase prediction of treatment response and toxicity, identify genes or gene pathways associated with chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, and inform further in vitro studies that may help isolate differences in response and toxicity of microtubule targeting agents.

  Study phs002060

• Alterations in the gut microbiome in inflammatory arthritis implicate key taxa and metabolic pathways across arthritis phenotypes

  The gut microbiome has been implicated in several inflammatory conditions, but large-scale metagenomic evaluations have not yet traced the routes by which immunity in the gut affects systemic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory arthritis. To characterize the community structure and associated functional processes driving gut microbial involvement in arthritis, we investigated a total of 440 stool shotgun metagenomes comprising 275 adults diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or psoriatic arthritis, along with 165 healthy control individuals and individuals with joint pain without an underlying inflammatory cause.

  Study EGAS00001005525

• Splicing signature analysis of RNU4-2, RNU5A-1 and RNU5B-1

  Pathogenic variants in the snRNA RNU4-2 were recently described as a frequent cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. In our study we further delineate the phenotype associated with RNU4-2 and we also identify pathogenic variants in RNU5A-A and RNU5B-1. Capture-based RNA-Seq were performed to compare splicing pattern between affected and control individuals. A strong signature based on alternative 5' splice site usage was found for RNU4-2 patients, and we suggest an either 5' or 3' signature depending on the variant's localiztion in U5 genes.

  Study EGAS50000000889

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children produces endogenous T-cells targeting tumor associated antigens and neoantigens in peripheral blood

  In this study we investigated the presence of endogenous T-cells recognizing private tumor-associated antigens and predicted neoantigens. To this end, HLA-I and HLA-II restricted tumor associated antigens (TAAs) and neoantigens were respectively identified and predicted from matched tumor and germline (PBMCs) in three acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Circulating T-cells targeting both Mass spectrometry (MS)-identified TAAs and predicted neoantigens were identified in virtually all pediatric BCP-ALL patients, extending up to two years on remission.

  Study EGAS50000000925

• Whole-genome sequencing analysis for understanding of the stepwise progression of lung adenocarcinoma

  In this study, we performed long and short read whole-genome sequencing analysis of lung adenocarcinoma from early to advanced stages to identify molecular events associated with the stepwise progression of lung adenocarcinoma. We particularly focused on very early stage of lung adenocarcinoma, such as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA). In addition to the whole-genome sequencing analysis, we conducted transcriptome and epigenome analysis, multiplex fluorescence immunostaining. This study would enable us to understand important molecular events of pathogenesis in detail during lung adenocarcinoma progression.

  Study JGAS000570

• Metastatic Adult Pancreatoblastoma: Multimodal Treatment and Molecular Characterization of a Very Rare Disease (NCT MASTER)

  Pancreatoblastoma is a rare malignant tumor that occurs predominantly in children. We identified four adult patients with metastasizing pancreatoblastoma at a high-volume German university cancer center which were treated with multimodal therapies between 2013 and 2018. In three cases, we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis that included whole-genome sequencing (WGS) or whole-exome sequencing (WES); transcriptome sequencing was performed in two cases, respectively. Subsequent recommendations of molecularly stratified treatment options were discussed within a dedicated molecular tumor board (MTB) embedded in a precision oncology program (NCT MASTER).

  Study EGAS00001004157

• ChIP-seq of GOF p53 mutants

  Gain-of-function TP53 mutations were detected in 41.3% of cases, in which co-occurring del(17p) underscored a dominant effect in >25%. Missense mutations of TP53 clustered within the core DNA-binding domain, where R249S was most common. To explore the transcriptional effect of mutant p53(R249S), we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing in the HCC cell line HKCI-11, which has a p53(R249S) mutation, and the human hepatocyte line MIHA, which is p53(WT). The results revealed distinct binding profiles between wildtype p53 and p53 mutant.

  Study EGAS00001002463

• RNAseq data from human colon organoid infected by KP

  The aim of this study is to identify the specific bacteria that are responsible for pathological bacterial translocation and subsequent Th17 priming in the liver in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). To clarify the mechanism of how microbiota interacts with the intestinal epithelial barrier, monolayered human intestinal organoids were cultured with the specific bacteria. Gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing in epithelial cells cultured with Klebsiella pneumoniae derived from a PSC patient (KP-P1) or commercially obtained Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (KP JCM1662) was performed in this study.

  Study EGAS00001003332

• WGS dataset of Characterization of UV DNA damage in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  We characterized B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) patients that present with the mutational signature SBS7a. We found clear subtype specificity, but presence of SBS7a did not seem linked to heterogeneity within subtypes. To further distinguish the incidence of SBS7a in pediatric cancer we analyzed a pan-cancer WGS cohort and identified frequent SBS7a in anaplastic large cell lymphomas. As SBS7a is commonly found in skin cancers and has been linked to UV-light induced DNA damage, we compared the features of UV-light induced DNA damage in skin cancer and SBS7a in ALL, and found high similarity. We found no defects in UV damage response pathways in SBS7a-positive samples, indicating no additional UV vulnerability. Additionally, transcriptomic data showed no differences between samples with and without SBS7a. Finally we looked into the moment of exposure to the source of SBS7a by deep sequencing of diagnosis-relapse pairs and single cell whole genome sequencing of diagnosis samples with high SBS7a.

  Dataset EGAD00001015600

• The effect of freezing delay of cell-type specific transcriptome responses in human brain via snRNA-seq

  In other analysis in the current manuscript, we find a similar gene signature (to dissociation based artifacts in mouse and human tissue) is present in post-mortem microglia and astrocytes, across all snRNA-seq datasets analyzed, although it is highly variable between subjects. ​ Using acutely-resected neurosurgical tissue, we performed single-nucleus RNA-seq and reveal that a similar signature can be detected in microglia following prolonged exposure to room temperature. Tissue handling and methods details, as well as sequencing and analysis details) can be found in the methods section of related manuscript (Marsh et al., 2022). Together, these results suggest that the presence of this signature in post-mortem brain samples may be the result of a combination of acute pre-mortem (agonal state, cause of death, comorbidities, etc.) and post-mortem (post-mortem interval (PMI), storage time, RNA quality, etc.) variables and may not represent normally present cell state.

  Dataset EGAD00001008541

• Circumventing intratumoral heterogeneity to identify potential therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Details please contact lifuqiang@genomics and zhaoxin@genomics.cn.

  Background and aims: Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) challenges identifying mutations with target therapy potential whereas circulating cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) could reflect nearly the entire mutation spectrum in given tumors. We investigated how to minimize the limit of ITH for profiling hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: Thirty-two multi-regional HCC samples from five patients were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) and targeted deep sequencing (TDS). ITH extent was measured by the average percentage of non-ubiquitous mutations (present in parts of tumor regions). Matched cfDNAs were also analyzed by WES and TDS. Profiling efficiencies of single tumor specimen and cfDNA were compared and the one better depicted mutational landscape was selected to screen therapeutic targets.Results: We found variable extents of ITH in HCCs and observed branched and parallel evolution patterns. ITH level decreased at higher sequencing depth of TDS than that measured by WES (28.1% vs 34.9%, P < 0.01) but it remained unchanged upon additional samples analyzed. TDS of single tumor specimen detected an average of 70% the total mutations in HCC. Although more mutations were detected in cfDNA under TDS than WES, an average of 47.2% total HCC mutations uncovered by cfDNA suggested tissue outperform cfDNA and the latter may serve as alternative in profiling HCC genome. Consequently, TDS of single tumor tissue in 66 patients and cfDNAs in four unresectable HCCs identified 38.6% (26/66 and 1/4) patients bearing therapeutic targets.Conclusions: TDS of single tumor specimen could largely circumvent ITH to uncover mutations indicative of target therapy in HCC.

  Study EGAS00001002207

• Tanzania dietary intervention study 2019-2020

  We performed a dietary intervention study comparing western diet, traditional diet and the supplementation of fermented banana beverage in a cohort of 66 individuals (22 in each study arm)

  Study EGAS50000000317

• The elucidation of molecular mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cells focusing on paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)-type cells

  To elucidate the pathogenicity of aplastic anemia, we conducted exome seqence analysis in 5 patients with aplastic anemia with uniparental disomy in 6p.

  Study JGAS000094

• CLL_targeted_exome_sequencing

  Aim to characterise cancer gene landscape in CLL, particularly in cases with mutated POT1 gene. Treatment-naïve CLL cases will be interrogated by targeted exome sequencing using a cancer gene panel.

  Study EGAS00001001963

• Role_of_HPV_and_Interferon_in_APOBEC_mutational_signature

  The aim of this project is to test whether HPV oncogenes and /or interferon induce the APOBEC mutational signature in vitro, and to test the role of APOBEC3A in this process.

  Study EGAS00001002988