15070 results for "cancer studies using rna-seq"

in 197.35 milliseconds.

• Genomic sequencing of Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma

  Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood accounting for approximately 350 newly diagnosed cases yearly in the United States. With the development of multimodal chemotherapy regimens, relapse-free survival rates have improved to 70-80% in patients with localized disease albeit with significant toxicity. Unfortunately, despite aggressive treatment, patients with metastatic or recurrent disease continue to suffer from high mortality. Further characterization of the genetic events underlying this tumor type is critical for the development of more effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. In a collaborative effort between the National Cancer Institute, the Children's Oncology Group, and the Broad Institute, we use a combination of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing to characterize the landscape of somatic alterations in 147 tumor/normal pairs.

  Study phs000720

• Genome Sequencing of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at The Human Genome Sequencing Center of Baylor College of Medicine (HGSC-BCM)

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85-90% of primary liver cancers. We have focused on three major HCC etiologies:hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and nonviral causes. The onset and progression of cancer is driven by extensive rearrangement and mutation of the genome. We combined our capability to capture and enrich exome DNA with the next generation sequencing capacity to allow us to detect and characterize the somatic mutation profile of patients with HCC. Patient samples were collected by the Liver Center, Division of Abdominal Transplantation in the Baylor College of Medicine Department of Surgery. Sequencing of HCC is one of the NHGRI Center Initiated Projects in progress in the Human Genome Sequencing Center at Baylor College of Medicine.

  Study phs000509

• Health Professionals Follow-Up Study

  Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) is a prospective cohort study of men designed to evaluate hypotheses about men’s health related to diet and lifestyle to the incidence of serious illnesses, such as cancer, heart disease, and other vascular diseases. It consisted of 51,529 U.S. male health professionals who were 40-75 years old at baseline in 1986 and completed a mailed six-page baseline questionnaire. Information on age, height and weight, ancestry, medications, disease history, physical activity, lifestyle factors, and diet were gathered, with follow-up questionnaires sent biennially to update information and record health outcomes with every four years to update their diet. This datafile includes responses to the 2016 questionnaire, which is available at: https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2471/2017/09/16L.pdf

  Study phs002460

• exploration of biomarkers discriminating squamous cell carcinoma from other lung cancers

  Targeted therapies based on the molecular and histological features of cancer types are becoming standard practice. The most effective regimen in lung cancers is different between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AD). Therefore a precise diagnosis is crucial, but this has been difficult, particularly for poorly differentiated SCC (PDSCC) and AD without a lepidic growth component (non-lepidic AD). Biomarkers enabling a precise diagnosis are therefore urgently needed. To achieve this goal, we initially performed CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression) to quantify promoter activities on 97 frozen tissues from surgically resected lung cancers (22 SCC and 75 AD). We furhter expanded the transcriptome profiling to cover additional 48 malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung, including mesothelioma and metastatic lung cancers derived from other tissues.

  Study JGAS000488

• Multiregional sequencing of IDH-WT glioblastoma reveals high genetic heterogeneity and a dynamic evolutionary history

  Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy in adults. In addi-tion to extensive inter-patient heterogeneity, glioblastoma shows intra-tumor extensive cellular and molecular heterogeneity, both spatially and temporally. This heterogeneity is one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis and overall survival. Moreover, it raises the important question of whether the molecular characterization of a single bioptic sample, as performed in standard di-agnostics, actually represents the entire lesion. In this study, we sequenced the whole-exome of nine spatially different cancer regions of three primary glioblastomas. We characterized their mutational profiles and copy number alterations, with implications for our understanding of tu-mor biology in relation to clonal architecture and evolutionary dynamics, as well as therapeuti-cally relevant alterations.

  Study EGAS00001005128

• Phase Ib of olaparib and capivasertib

  Background: Combining poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitors is supported by strong preclinical rationale. We sought to assess safety and a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for the PARPi olaparib combined with the AKT inhibitor, capivasertib, and evaluate molecular markers of response and resistance. Methods: As part of a larger phase 1b trial, we performed a safety lead in of olaparib and capivasertib followed by expansion (n=24) in endometrial, triple negative breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Olaparib 300mg orally twice daily and capivasertib orally twice daily on a 4 day on/3 day off schedule were evaluated. Two dose levels (DL) were planned: capivasertib 400mg (DL1); capivasertib 320mg (DL-1). Patients underwent biopsies at baseline and after 28 days.

  Study EGAS00001004930

• UCSF Pediatric Bithalamic Glioma Genome Project

  Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors of childhood, and the genetic drivers and optimal therapeutic strategies for many of the different subtypes remain unknown. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing of approximately 500 cancer-associated genes on a cohort of 13 pediatric bithalamic diffuse gliomas, a lethal brain tumor of childhood for which the genetic basis is largely unknown. We identified that bithalamic diffuse gliomas harbor frequent mutations in the EGFR oncogene in the absence of accompanying gene amplification and only rare histone H3 mutation. These EGFR mutations were either small in-frame insertions within exon 20 (intracellular tyrosine kinase domain) or missense mutations within exon 7 (extracellular ligand-binding domain). Accompanying alterations included frequent TP53 mutation, CDK6 amplification or CDKN2C mutation, and BCOR and BCORL1 mutation or deletion.

  Study EGAS00001004033

• High-resolution structural genomics reveals new therapeutic vulnerabilities in glioblastoma

  We investigated the role of 3D genome architecture in instructing functional properties of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) by generating the highest-resolution 3D genome maps to-date for this cancer. Integration of DNA contact maps with chromatin and transcriptional profiles identified specific mechanisms of gene regulation, including individual physical interactions between regulatory regions and their target genes. Residing in structurally conserved regions in GSCs was CD276, a gene known to play a role in immuno-modulation. We show that, unexpectedly, CD276 is part of a stemness network in GSCs and can be targeted with an antibody-drug conjugate to curb self-renewal, a key stemness property. Our results demonstrate that integrated structural genomics datasets can be employed to rationally identify therapeutic vulnerabilities in self-renewing cells.

  Study EGAS00001003493

• Most HCCs in Taiwan show the mutational signature of aristolochic acid

  Plants in the genus Aristolochia contain the mutagen aristolochic acid (AA) and have been widely used in traditional medicines and for weight loss. AA binds covalently to genomic DNA and induces a highly distinctive mutational signature. While AA involvement in urinary-tract cancers in Taiwan is known, the possible role of AA in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in Taiwan has not been examined. Here, we whole-exome sequenced 98 unselected HCCs from Taiwan and analyzed the mutational signatures for evidence of AA mutagenesis. Remarkably, more than 78% of HCCs showed strong evidence of AA mutagenesis, often associated with high mutation burdens. Non-synonymous mutations in genes known to be HCC driver genes were detected. Importantly, we elucidated the potential of immunotherapy in this cohort of liver cancer patients.

  Study EGAS00001002301

• Multi-omics analysis of serial samples from metastatic TNBC patients on PARP inhibitor monotherapy provide insight into rational PARP inhibitor therapy combinations

  In a pilot study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of olaparib/durvalumab combination treatment in mTNBC patients and the feasibility of real-time deep analysis of serial tumor samples from triple negative breast cancer patients to identify mechanisms of resistance and treatment opportunities. This study used the SMMART analytic platform at OHSU KCI and incorporated comprehensive multi-omic analysis of serial liquid and tumor biopsies. Deep analysis of longitudinal biopsies combined with a robust computational biology pipeline identified multiple PARPi-induced changes in immune activation, DNA damage checkpoint activation, apoptosis and signaling pathways including RTK, PI3K-AKT and RAS-MAPK. These emergent tumor and immune state changes could act as biomarker targets to be used in selecting patient specific combination therapies.

  Study EGAS00001005479

• Whole Genome Sequencing of Liver Cancers

  Genomic alterations driving tumorigenesis result from the interaction of environmental exposures and endogeneous cellular processes. With a diversity of risk factors including viral infection, carcinogenic exposures and metabolic diseases, liver cancer is an ideal model to study these interactions. Whole genome sequencing of liver tumors identified 10 mutational signatures showing distinct relationships with environmental exposures, replication and transcription. Transcription-coupled damage was specifically associated with the liver-specific signature 16 and alcohol intake. Flood of indels were identified in very highly expressed hepato-specific genes, likely resulting from replication-transcription collisions. Reconstruction of sub-clonal architecture revealed mutational signature evolution during tumor development exemplified by the vanishing of aflatoxin-B1 signature in African migrants. These findings shed new light on the natural history of liver cancers

  Study EGAS00001002408

• Microbiota 16S sequencing study in NSCLC patients eligible for surgery without neoadjuvant treatment

  18 non-small cell lung cancer patients eligible for surgery without neaodjuvant treatment were included in the study at Centre Jean Perrin (France). Patients did not take any antibiotics, food supplements or immunostimulants 2 months prior to inclusion. During surgery, patients underwent partial or complete lobectomy where samples of non-malignant lung tissue, peritumoural tissue and tumour were resected from the removed lobe. This was preceeded by the washing of the removed lobe and obtaining the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. These four sample types were analysed by 16S sequencing in 17 from 18 patients. The study is a part of the project "Characterization of Microbiota (Intestinal, From Lungs, and Upper Airways) in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Exploratory Study " which is registered under ref. NCT03068663 (clinicaltrials.gov).

  Study EGAS00001004728

• Persistent Mutation Burden Drives Sustained Anti-Tumor Immune Responses

  Tumor mutation burden is an imperfect proxy of tumor foreignness and has therefore failed to consistently demonstrate clinical utility in predicting responses in the context of immunotherapy. We evaluated mutations in regions of the genome that are unlikely to undergo loss and discovered that clonal mutations in single-copy regions and those present in multiple copies per cell constitute a persistent tumor mutation burden (pTMB) that is linked with therapeutic response to immune checkpoint blockade. Persistent mutations were retained in the context of tumor evolution under selective pressure of immunotherapy and tumors with a high pTMB content were characterized by a more inflamed tumor microenvironment. pTMB imposes an evolutionary bottleneck that cancer cells cannot overcome and may thus drive sustained immunologic tumor control in the context of immunotherapy.

  Study EGAS00001006660

• Single-cell multi-omics of relapse/refractory multiple myeloma patients (Hipo K08K/H067/K43R)

  Therapy resistance in cancers is ingrained in complex clonal dynamics. While the major clonal population in a tumour might respond well to the employed intervention, minor clones will eventually mutate, consequently acquiring a selective advantage and drug resistance. Hence, to improve cancer therapy, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind clonal evolution. Here, we applied single-cell transcriptomics and epigenomics, as well as whole-genome sequencing to 15 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). By profiling longitudinal samples throughout varying treatment regimens, we were able to interrogate patterns of evolution across patients. In particular, by defining clones based on copy number aberrations (CNAs), we found evidence for the majority of clones being diminished but not fully eradicated during treatment.

  Study EGAS00001006538

• Myeloma Genome Project Targeted Panel Validation dataset

  372 samples consisting of 185 patient paired CD138+ tumor and non-involved DNA pairs, plus 5 Horizon Diagnostic known mutation standards (HD). Samples were processed using the KAPA HyperCap protocol and hybridized onto a targeted panel for multiple myeloma and associated diseases. Reference Sudha et al Clinical Cancer Research, 2022.

  Dataset EGAD00001008689

• MediMer: A versatile do-it-yourself peptide-receptive MHC class I multimer platform for tumor neoantigen-specific T cell detection

  Peptide-loaded MHC class I (pMHC-I) multimers have revolutionized our capabilities to monitor disease-associated T cell responses with high sensitivity and specificity. To improve the discovery of T cell receptors (TCR) targeting neoantigens of individual tumor patients with recombinant MHC molecules, we developed a peptide-loadable MHC class I platform termed MediMer. MediMers are based on soluble disulfide-stabilized β2-microglobulin/heavy chain ectodomain single-chain dimers (dsSCD) that can be easily produced in large quantities in eukaryotic cells and tailored to individual patients’ HLA allotypes with only little hands-on time. Upon transient expression in CHO-S cells together with ER-targeted BirA biotin ligase, biotinylated dsSCD are purified from the cell supernatant and are ready to use. We show that CHO-produced dsSCD are free of endogenous peptide ligands. Empty dsSCD from more than 30 different HLA-A,B,C allotypes, that were produced and validated so far, can be loaded with synthetic peptides matching the known binding criteria of the respective allotypes, and stored at low temperature without loss of binding activity. We demonstrate the usability of peptide-loaded dsSCD multimers for the detection of human antigen-specific T cells with comparable sensitivities as multimers generated with peptide-tethered β2m-HLA heavy chain single-chain trimers (SCT) and wild-type peptide-MHC-I complexes prior formed in small-scale refolding reactions. Using allotype-specific, fluorophore-labeled competitor peptides, we present a novel dsSCD-based peptide binding assay capable of interrogating large libraries of in silico predicted neoepitope peptides by flow cytometry in a high-throughput and rapid format. We discovered rare T cell populations with specificity for tumor neoepitopes and epitopes from shared tumor-associated antigens in peripheral blood of a melanoma patient including a so far unreported HLA-C*08:02-restricted NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cell population. Two representative TCR of this T cell population, which could be of potential value for a broader spectrum of patients, were identified by dsSCD-guided single-cell sequencing and were validated by cognate pMHC-I multimer staining and functional responses to autologous peptide-pulsed antigen presenting cells. By deploying the novel CHO producer cell-based dsSCD MHC-I MediMer platform, we hope to significantly improve success rates for the discovery of personalized neoepitope- specific TCR in the future by being able to also cover rare HLA allotypes.

  Study EGAS50000000065

• Processed Chromium Single Cell GEX, CSP and VDJ data from intestinal plasma cells of untreated celiac disease patients

  The dataset contains processed sequencing data from Chromium Single Cell 5’ gene expression, human B cell VDJ and feature barcode (CSP) sequencing from transglutaminase 2-specific and other small intestinal plasma cells isolated from four untreated celiac disease patients. The raw sequencing data has been processed with Cell Ranger v.6.0.2 with the multi and aggr functions using the pre-built Cell Ranger references GRCh38 version 2020-A for gene expression and GRCh38-alts-ensembl-5.0.0 for V(D)J analysis. The dataset consists of a gene expression and antibody capture expression matrix (cell barcodes and feature names in tsv.gz file, expression matrix in mtx.gz file) and VDJ sequences in AIRR format (csv file). A metadata file (csv file) details cells passing our custom quality control based on number of detected genes, UMIs, mitochondrial genes, immunoglobulin genes and a productively rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain of the IgA isotype.

  Dataset EGAD50000000339

• FEGA Sweden Helpdesk

  FEGA Sweden is an archive for storing and sharing all kinds of data resulting from biomedical research projects. As a national node of the Federated European Genome-phenome Archive (FEGA), we enable researchers to store their data in Sweden in a way that meets the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Any data submitted to the archive is subject to controlled access, meaning access to the data only will be granted after a formal application procedure. Using FEGA Sweden for storing and sharing data is free of charge for academic users affiliated with a Swedish university. However, the university must have a signed Data Processing Agreement (DPA) with Uppsala University. The current list of universities with a signed DPA can be found here: https://fega.nbis.se/submission/complying-with-gdpr.html. FEGA Sweden is hosted by the National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), which legally is part of Uppsala University. NBIS forms the bioinformatics platform at SciLifeLab and constitutes the Swedish node of the European organisation ELIXIR. Contact the FEGA Sweden Helpdesk at fega-sweden@nbis.se for further questions.

  Dac EGAC50000000077

• An investigation into the effects of progestin on follicular development and oocyte maturation during controlled ovarian stimulation using the Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation (PPOS).

  In recent years, the Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation (PPOS) method, utilizing progestin as ovulation suppressants, has gained traction as a controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) strategy in assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, the impact of progestin agents on follicular fluid, granulosa cells, and cumulus cells at the levels of gene and protein expression has not been fully assessed. This study aims to evaluate the effects of progestin agents, used in the PPOS method, on follicular development and oocyte maturation.

  Study JGAS000770

• Estonian Microbiome Project second time point dataset

  Out of the 2,509 Estonian Microbiome Project participants, a sub-cohort of over 300 individuals provided an additional stool sample after a median follow-up period of 4.4 years. All participants of the EstMB cohort gave informed consent for the data and samples to be used for scientific purposes. In the second time point, the participants were instructed to send the samples by post immediately after taking the sample and time their sample collection to avoid shipping on the weekends. The median time between sampling and arrival at the freezer in the core facility for the second time point was 53 hours and 1 minute (mean: 59 hours and 22 minutes; minimum: 34 minutes; maximum: 168 hours and 7 minutes [note: additionally, one outlying measurement was 508 hours and 27 minutes. The shotgun metagenomics paired-end sequencing was performed by Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co., Ltd., using Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform, resulting in 4.62 ± 0.44 Gb of data per sample (insert size 350 bp, read length 2 × 250 bp).

  Dataset EGAD50000001686

• Convergent somatic evolution from early life in a germline ribosomopathy

  Clonal tracking of stem cells and their progeny by whole genome sequencing permits exploration of evolutionary genetics in human disease. In this study, we performed phylogenetic reconstruction of haematopoiesis using somatically acquired mutations in 323 single haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-derived colonies from 10 individuals with an inherited disorder of ribosome assembly, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. We observed numerous clonal expansions, with recurrent acquisition of mutually exclusive mutations (EIF6, TP53, RPL5, RPL22, PRPF8, chromosomes 7 and 15) in multiple different clones in utero or early childhood converging on the p53-dependent nucleolar surveillance pathway that monitors ribosome integrity. In contrast to clones carrying biallelic TP53 mutations, genomes derived from colonies carrying mono-allelic TP53 mutations displayed no increase in mutation burden or specific mutational signatures. Our study highlights striking loss of clonal diversity with convergent somatic evolution on the p53-dependent nucleolar surveillance pathway from early life to offset the deleterious effects of a germline mutation in a Mendelian haematopoietic disorder.

  Dataset EGAD00001009061

• WGS dataset of Mutational Mechanisms in Multiply Relapsed Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is marked by low mutational load at initial diagnosis, which increases at relapse. The elevated mutational load at relapse can partly be explained by at least two therapy-related effects and a combination of therapy and underlying mismatch repair deficiency. However, our understanding of the type and timing of mutational mechanisms in relapsed ALL is limited, and it is unclear to what extent mutational processes contribute to disease progression. We collected a cohort of 29 Dutch ALL patients across multiple treatment protocols who had multiple relapses. Using whole genome sequencing of the sequential tumor samples of each patient we were able to distinguish the mutational processes active in relapsed ALL and could track the activity of mutational processes over time. This allowed us to investigate whether subtype-specific mutational processes at diagnosis can continue in relapse or emerge at relapse if absent in initial diagnosis. Furthermore, we assessed whether the activity of mutational processes contributed to disease development and relapse.

  Dataset EGAD00001015401

• Single cell transcriptomes of childhood renal tumours

  This data set contains single cell transcriptomes generated using the chromium 10X platform from both fresh cells and nuclei. The samples measured are derived from children with Wilms tumour, Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney (CCSK), or Malignant Rhabdoid Tumours.

  Dataset EGAD00001007572

• GoNL release 5 haplotype panel

  The samples in this panel come from 250 families: 248 parents-child trios and 2 parent-child duos. As the children do not provide additional haplotypes or population information, they were excluded from the panel. The samples present in the release are composed of 248 couples, 2 single individuals and 1 sample composed from the 2 haplotypes from the duo's children transmitted by their missing parent. The composed sample is named gonl-220c_223c.The files contain a total of 18.9M SNVs and 1.1M INDELs in autosomal chromosomes. They were generated by phasing/imputing the SNVs (a) and INDELs (b) using MVNCall. Only sites passing filters are reported. Sites filtered as part of the GoNL inaccessible genome were kept (but flagged as filtered) and still may contain true positive calls but should be used with care as they are located in parts of the genome that are less well captured (systematic under or over-covered or low-mapping quality)

  Dataset EGAD00001000744

• Analyzing the expression profiles of genes in ureters with and without indwelling stents using RNAseq 

  The objective of the work is to explore the pathways and mechanisms driving inflammation and fibrosis in stented ureters. In total, 6 pigs underwent cystoscopic unilateral ureteral stent insertion for 14 days. Ureteral tissue was harvested in 3 pigs, while the remaining 3 pigs had their stents removed, and were recovered for 7 days. Three separate pigs served as controls. Stents cause significant inflammation and fibrosis of ureters. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed fibrotic changes and tissue proliferation and suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a driver of fibrosis.

  Study EGAS00001006855