14980 results for "cancer studies using rna-seq"

in 26.42 milliseconds.

• The University of Hong Kong Colon Cancer Ganciclovir Study WGS Data

  Human clonal intestinal organoids were treated with 1µM MMF (Roche), 20 μM GCV (Hainan Poly Pharm Co Ltd), or in combinations (1 µM MMF + 20 μM GCV or 1 µM MMF + 40 μM GCV) continuously for 4-6 weeks. DNA was extracted after drug treatment. WGS was performed with 150 bp PE sequencing at 30X using an Illumina Novaseq sequencer.

  Dataset EGAD00001009667

• sWGS of OV cell lines for ACN rascal study

  This dataset contains 60 .bam files of shallow WGS data (~0.1X) from ovarian cancer cell lines. Sequencing reads were aligned to the 1000 Genomes Project GRCh37-derived reference genome using the BWA aligner (v.0.07.17; CRUK-CI alignment pipeline).

  Dataset EGAD00001008118

• Reproducibility of variant calls in replicate next generation sequencing experiments

  To examined the reproducibility of nucleotide variant calls in replicate sequencing experiments of the same genomic DNA, we performed targeted sequencing of all known human protein kinase genes (kinome) (~3.3 Mb) using the SOLiD v4 platform. This data set contains 17 breast cancer samples that were sequenced in duplicate (n=14) or triplicate (n=3), in order to assess concordance of all calls and single nucleotide variant (SNV) calls.

  Dataset EGAD00001001209

• AT-AML samples dataset

  Serial samples from one AT-AML patient as described in publication Goldgraben et al Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2020. Whole exome sequencing of a AT-'germline' blood sample, one bone marrow sample (at AML diagnosis) and 3 AML blood samples. Library preped using the Illumina Nextera Rapid Capture Exome Enrichment Kit, and sequenced as PE150 on HiSeq4000. Provided: 5 BAM files (GRCh37); 2 VCF analyses (germline and somatic)

  Dataset EGAD00001006090

• Summary statistics from genome-wide association study in glioma of 12,488 cases and 18,169 controls.

  Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of glioma susceptibility, but individual studies have had limited power to identify risk loci. We performed a meta-analysis of existing GWAS and two new GWAS, which totaled 12,488 cases and 18,169 controls. We identified five new loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 1p31.3 (rs12752552; P = 2.04 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.22), 11q14.1 (rs11233250; P = 9.95 × 10-10, OR = 1.24), 16p13.3 (rs2562152; P = 1.93 × 10-8, OR = 1.21), 16q12.1 (rs10852606; P = 1.29 × 10-11, OR = 1.18) and 22q13.1 (rs2235573; P = 1.76 × 10-10, OR = 1.15), as well as eight loci for non-GBM tumors at 1q32.1 (rs4252707; P = 3.34 × 10-9, OR = 1.19), 1q44 (rs12076373; P = 2.63 × 10-10, OR = 1.23), 2q33.3 (rs7572263; P = 2.18 × 10-10, OR = 1.20), 3p14.1 (rs11706832; P = 7.66 × 10-9, OR = 1.15), 10q24.33 (rs11598018; P = 3.39 × 10-8, OR = 1.14), 11q21 (rs7107785; P = 3.87 × 10-10, OR = 1.16), 14q12 (rs10131032; P = 5.07 × 10-11, OR = 1.33) and 16p13.3 (rs3751667; P = 2.61 × 10-9, OR = 1.18). These data substantiate that genetic susceptibility to GBM and non-GBM tumors are highly distinct, which likely reflects different etiology.

  Study EGAS00001003372

• Androgen receptor blockade promotes response to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy

  We studied a group of melanoma patients treated with neoadjuvant BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy (NCT02231775, n=51), and observed significantly higher rates of major pathologic response (MPR= <10% viable tumor at resection) and improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) in females versus males (MPR-66% versus 14%, p=0.001; RFS-64% versus 32% at 2 years, p=0.021). Findings were validated in a several additional cohorts 2-4 patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma treated with BRAF and/or MEK-targeted therapy (n=664 patients in total), demonstrating improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in females versus males in several of these studies. Studies in pre-clinical models demonstrated significantly impaired anti-tumor activity in male versus female BRAF/MEK-treated mice (p=0.006), with significantly higher expression of androgen receptor (AR) in tumors of male and female BRAF/MEK-treated mice versus control (p=0.0006 and 0.0025). Pharmacologic inhibition of AR signaling improved responses to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy in male and female mice (p=0.018 and p=0.003), whereas induction of AR signaling (via testosterone administration) was associated with significantly impaired response to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy in males and females (p=0.021 and p<0.0001).

  Study EGAS00001006196

• Genome Wide Association Studies in Alopecia Areata

  1054 unrelated alopecia areata patients were genotyped with the Illumina HumanHap550v3.0 genotyping chip. Allele frequencies were compared to publically available data from three population cohorts of controls.

  Study phs000586

• Dataset for MCPlus_WGS

  WES/WGS sequencing data of 44 chromothriptic tumor and control runs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001009277

• Pediatric Patient-Derived-Xenograft development in MAPPYACTS – international pediatric cancer precision medicine trial in relapsed and refractory tumors

  Pediatric patients with recurrent and refractory cancers are in most need for new treatments. This study developed patient-derived-xenograft (PDX) models within the European MAPPYACTS cancer precision medicine trial (NCT02613962). To date, 131 PDX models were established following heterotopical and/or orthotopical implantation in immunocompromised mice: 76 sarcomas, 25 other solid tumors, 12 central nervous system tumors, 15 acute leukemias, and 3 lymphomas. PDX establishment rate was 43%. Histology, whole exome and RNA sequencing revealed a high concordance with the primary patient’s tumor profile, human leukocyte-antigen characteristics and specific metabolic pathway signatures. A detailed patient molecular characterization, including specific mutations prioritized in the clinical molecular tumor boards are provided. Ninety models were shared with the IMI2 ITCC Paediatric Preclinical Proof-of-concept Platform (IMI2 ITCC-P4) for further exploitation. This new PDX biobank of unique recurrent childhood cancers provides an essential support for basic and translational research and new treatments development in advanced pediatric malignancies.

  Study EGAS00001007327

• PTEN homozygous deletion is a negative prognostic factor in Tumor Treating Fields-treated glioblastoma, IDH wildtype patients

  This study investigates genomic determinants of outcome in glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype patients treated with Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in addition to standard radiochemotherapy. Tumor tissue from primary glioblastoma at initial diagnosis was profiled using the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) targeted sequencing panel to characterise somatic alterations. The overarching goal is to provide exploration of genomic determinants of survival and treatment response in TTFields-treated glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype.

  Study EGAS50000001469

• The_genomic_architecture_of_mesothelioma_

  The genome-wide landscape of somatically acquired mutations in mesothelioma has not been deeply characterised to date, but advances in DNA sequencing technology now allow this to be addressed comprehensively. Harnessing massively parallel DNA sequencing platforms, we will identify somatically acquired point mutations in all coding regions of the genome from patients with mesothelioma. In addition, using paired-end sequencing, we will map copy number changes and genomic rearrangements from the same patients.

  Study EGAS00001000353

• SOFT_study___sequencing_premenopausal_breast_cancer

  Our project will examine the role of PIK3CA mutations and their sensitivity to endocrine therapies and its role, with the addition of complete ovarian suppression. We plan to test our hypotheses using tumour samples collected from patients enrolled in the SOFT/IBCSG24-02 clinical study (Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial – (NCT00066690). SOFT is a phase III trial that randomised 3066 premenopausal women to evaluate if adding ovarian suppression to adjuvant endocrine therapy will improve clinical outcomes.

  Study EGAS00001000983

• Colorectal_Adenoma_Gene_Screen

  A pilot to establish the feasability of using a custom Agilent targeted pulldown of 110 genes implicated in colorectal tumourigensis to sequence for driver mutations in a set of 30 FFPE colorectal adenomas. If successful, we propose to sequence an additional 350 adenomas as part of a MRC research study in order to define the pattern of driver mutations across the spectrum of pathological subtypes including coventional adenomas, serrated adenomas and hyperplastic polyps

  Study EGAS00001001261

• Deep targeted DNA sequencing dataset for the study "Molecular characteristics in Burkitt lymphoma over age groups"

  We performed deep targeted DNA sequencing with a panel of 134 selected cancer-related genes previously identified to be recurrently mutated in BL/B-AL. A Nextera rapid capture custom kit was designed using the Illumina DesignStudio. For every gene, all regions in which previous mutations had been described were covered. For 40 of these genes, the entire coding sequence was covered. Targeted deep sequencing was performed on a MiSeq-Sequencer using MiSeq Reagent Kit v2 (300 cycle) with 24 samples per run. There are 396 samples in this targetedDNAseq-dataset with 298 tumors (288 patients and 10 cell lines) and 98 normals. There are 132 female, 262 male, and 2 unknown gender samples in this dataset.

  Dataset EGAD00001007708

• Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Tumor Microenvironments and Autocrine Loops Within Ovarian Cancer Subclones

  Ovarian masses from patients with high grade serous ovarian carcinoma undergoing debulking surgery were subjected to spatial transcriptomics profiling using the 10x Genomics Visium (fresh frozen) platform. Copy number inference using inferCNV predicted the presence of subclones with mutually exclusive copy number alterations (CNAs) in 5 of the 8 patient samples studied. In one patient, 3 subclones were predicted. For this patient sample, a serial section of the same tumor was used to microdissect regions corresponding to each of these subclones, and a 'normal' region predicted to contain only fibroblasts and no tumor cells. These microdissected regions were processed for low pass whole genome sequencing (WGS) and CNAs recorded using ichorCNA. An oral biopsy lacking tumor cells from an unrelated donor was used as a negative control for CNA inference. The CNAs predicted by inferCNV for the three subclones were validated by the low pass WGS and no CNAs were observed in the normal region containing fibroblasts.

  Study phs003561

• UK renal cancer samples genotyped on Illumina OmniExpress BeadChip

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases comprised adult patients with histologically proven RCC were collected through two sources within the UK. First, 856 cases from SORCE, a MRC collection of surgically treated RCC cases ascertained through UK clinical oncology centres. Second, 189 RCC cases collected through the ICR and Royal Marsden NHS Hospitals Trust. Cases included 590 clear cell carcinomas (CCCs), 42 papillary carcinomas (PCs), 33 chromophobe carcinomas (CCs) and 19 mixed or other histological subtypes. DNA was extracted from EDTA-venous blood samples using the conventional methods and quantified using PicoGreen (Invitrogen). Cases were genotyped using the Human OmniExpress-12 BeadChip according to the manufacturer's recommendations (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). After strict QC, 944 cases were retained. Data provided in plink format. Controls used were data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC2) 1958 birth cohort and the UK Blood Service Control Group (available as EGAS00000000028).

  Study EGAS00001002336

• Characterization_of_genomic_landscape_of_Peripheral_T_cell_Lymphomas__not_otherwise_specified__PTCL_NOS_

  Peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) represent a heterogeneous group of nodal and extra-nodal mature T-cell lymphomas, with a low prevalence in Western countries. PTCL-NOSs account for about 25% of all PTCLs and are currently diagnosed based on exclusion criteria, as this lymphomas lack unifying morphological, phenotypic and genomic features. Cytogenetic and FISH analysis of PTCL-NOS samples have not revealed recurrent pathogenetic abnormalities, while gene expression profiling has shown only partial ability to segregate cases representing homogeneous clinic-pathological entities. This underscores the need to look at PTCL-NOS with innovative and high-throughput approaches to identify recurrent genetic lesions that could further our understanding of the biology of this heterogeneous group of diseases, provide better diagnostic tools and perhaps new targets for innovative treatments. Our aim is to study ~15 patients affected by PTCL-NOS. Out study will be funded by a private, non-profit Italian cancer research fund (Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, www.airc.it) based on a grant owned by Anna Dodero and Cristiana Carniti, hematologists at INT. Samples will be analysed by whole genome sequencing using Illumina X10 machines, on a 150bp-PE protocol. Data will be analysed using the pipeline available in Team 78, under the supervision of Peter Campbell, the WTSI faculty who will oversee the project, and by Francesco Maura, visiting scientist at the WTSI.

  Study EGAS00001002057

• Discover Cancer Image Europe, the first release of the EUCAIM platform to fuel cancer research and data sharing

  The EUCAIM consortium and the European Commission have announced the release of Cancer Image Europe, a platform to fuel collaborative innovation and data sharing across Europe. This constitutes a major milestone in EUCAIM's development and an exciting step towards achieving the project's vision and goals. The platform aims to accelerate the pace of AI development and other data-intensive cancer research activities, constituting the basis for a fully-fledged infrastructure for sharing, reusing, and exploiting cancer imaging data, especially using AI techniques. A platform paving the way for the future of cancer diagnosis and treatment Cancer Image Europe brings benefits to researchers, clinicians, and AI innovators across Europe as it addresses the fragmentation of existing cancer image repositories. The platform gathers a public catalogue of cancer imaging datasets from the repositories of the EU-funded AI for Health Imaging projects. A distributed Atlas of Cancer Imaging with over 60 million anonymised cancer image data from over 100,000 patients will be established as part of future updates. The first version of Cancer Image Europe also includes a public catalogue of cancer imaging datasets, a federated searching tool to understand the information available in the federated providers, and full integration with Life Science Login. Moreover, it reuses and adds value to key components of EU-funded research projects and infrastructure in the field of cancer. The Public Catalogue When we talk about data re-use, data discovery is key. The EUCAIM public catalogue is the result of a systematic and collaborative process to which the EGA-CRG has actively contributed. This browsing interface gathers the metadata of the available cancer imaging datasets. This descriptive information will help researchers in their data retrieval. Our contribution to the Public Catalogue comes from our experience gained in the deployment of our federated network, the Federated EGA (FEGA), and as partners in projects such as EuCanImage (AI4HI initiative), in which we worked on the definition of common data models, ontologies and data standards. The EUCAIM Project EUCAIM is a cornerstone of the European Commission-initiated European Cancer Imaging Initiative, a flagship of the Europe's Beating Cancer Plan, which aims to foster innovation and deployment of digital technologies in cancer treatment and care, to achieve more precise and faster clinical decision-making, diagnostics, treatments, and predictive medicine for cancer patients. For more information about the first release of the Cancer Image Europe platform and the EUCAIM project, please visit cancerimage.eu.

  Blog discover-cancer-image-europe

• The University of Hong Kong Gastric Cancer Organoids RHO Signaling Study

  Objective: Cell-cell (CC) and cell-matrix (CM) adhesions are essential for epithelial cell survival, yet dissociation-induced apoptosis is frequently circumvented in malignant cells. Design: We explored CC and CM dependence in 58 gastric cancer (GC) organoids by withdrawing either ROCK inhibitor, matrix, or both, to evaluate their tumorigenic potential in terms of apoptosis resistance, correlation with oncogenic driver mutations and clinical behaviour. We performed mechanistic studies to determine the role of diffuse-type GC drivers: ARHGAP fusions, RHOA, and CDH1, in modulating CC (CCi) or CM (CMi) adhesion independence. Results: 97% of the tumour organoids were CMi, 66% were CCi and 52% were resistant to double withdrawal (CCi/CMi), while normal organoids were neither CMi nor CCi. Clinically, the CCi/CMi phenotype was associated with an infiltrative tumour edge and advanced tumour stage. Moreover, the CCi/CMi transcriptome signature was associated with poor patient survival when applied to 3 public GC datasets. CCi/CMi and CCi phenotypes were enriched in diffuse-type GC organoids, especially in those with oncogenic driver perturbation of RHO signalling via RHOA mutation or ARHGAP fusions. Inducible knockout of ARHGAP fusions in CCi/CMi tumour organoids led to re-sensitization to CC/CM dissociation-induced apoptosis, upregulation of focal adhesion and tight junction genes, partial reversion to a more normal cystic phenotype, and inhibited xenograft formation. Normal gastric organoids engineered with CDH1 or RHOA mutations became CMi or CCi, respectively. Conclusions: The CCi/CMi phenotype has a critical role in malignant transformation and tumour progression, offering new mechanistic information on RHO-ROCK pathway inhibition that contributes to GC pathogenicity.

  Study EGAS00001006252

• Whole genome sequencing of a breast cancer cohort with known functional homologous recombination status

  Optimal patient selection for PARP inhibitors and double strand break (DSB) inducing chemotherapy is of great clinical importance. In principle, the use of these therapies can be extended beyond germline BRCA1/2 mutated cancers. Although several methods for detection of BRCA-like tumors have been developed, a golden standard is lacking. We have developed the RECAP test, a functional HR assay exploiting the formation of RAD51 foci in proliferating cells after ex vivo irradiation of fresh primary breast cancer (BrC) tissue. The RECAP test seems robust and has an advantage over genetic tests, due to its functional character for exploring the HR phenotype. Another type of HRD test is the BRCAness classifier, which is based on specific genomic patterns derived from copy number data of BRCA1/2 mutated BrCs that also occur in sporadic cancers. The BRCAness classifier is a robust test that is easily applicable in the clinic and has also been validated to predict in vivo response to high dose chemotherapy in clinical trials. More recently, a new HRD test based on genomic signatures which can be extracted from whole genome sequencing has been published, HRDetect. Studies comparing these different HRD tests within the same cohort of patients do not yet exist. Here, we have the unique opportunity to compare three HRD tests within the same cohort. We aim to compare three different HRD tests (RECAP, BRCAness classifier and HRDetect) within the same cohort of primary BrCs (n=41). As a secondary aim, we will analyze additional genetic alterations in HRD tumors (both BRCA-deficient and BRCA-proficient HRD tumors).

  Study EGAS00001005572

• Cellular Diversity of the Developing Human Cerebral Cortex

  We sought to characterize cellular heterogeneity in the human cerebral cortex at a molecular level during cortical neurogenesis. We captured single cells and generated sequencing libraries using the C1TM Single-Cell Auto Prep System (Fluidigm), the SMARTer Ultra Low RNA Kit (Clontech), and the Nextera XT DNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina). We performed unbiased clustering of the single cells and further examined transcriptional variation among cell groups interpreted as radial glia. Within this population, the major sources of variation related to cell cycle progression and the stem cell niche from which radial glia were captured. We found that outer subventricular zone radial glia (oRG cells) preferentially express genes related to extracellular matrix formation, migration, and stemness, including TNC, PTPRZ1, FAM107A, HOPX, and LIFR and related this transcriptional state to the position, morphology, and cell behaviors previously used to classify the cell type. Our results suggest that oRG cells maintain the subventricular niche through local production of growth factors, potentiation of growth factor signals by extracellular matrix proteins, and activation of self-renewal pathways, thereby contributing to the developmental and evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex. For study version 2, we have updated this data set to include additional primary cells that we infer to represent microglia, endothelial cells, and immature astrocytes, as well as additional cells from the developing neural retina, and from iPS-cell derived cerebral organoids. The genes distinguishing these cell populations may reveal biological processes supporting the diverse functions of these cell types as well as vulnerabilities of specific cell types in human genetic diseases and in viral infections. For study version 3, we have updated the data set to include additional primary cells, including those published in Nowakowski et al., 2017 (PMID:29217575). For study version 4, we have additionally performed parallel analyses of transcriptomes and physiological responses of 476 single cells isolated from developing human cortex. As a result, we were able to identify physiological response profiles of specific progenitor and neuronal cell types during human cortical development.For study version 5, we have additionally performed bulk RNA sequencing of organotypic primary cultures from the developing human cortex with or without exposure to SARS-CoV-2 to understand the infectability and transcriptomic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the developing human cortex.For study version 6, we investigated the impact of LIFR signaling on neural proliferation and differentiation of human oRG cells. Specifically, we isolated oRG cells from the primary developing neocortex and cultured them for four weeks with and without LIF treatment. We then performed single-cell RNA sequencing using the Chromium Single Cell 3’ Reagent Kits (v3.1, Dual index) from 10x Genomics to understand the molecular and cellular changes of oRG differentiation upon LIF treatment.

  Study phs000989

• Targeted Validation Samples

  The dataset consists of targeted sequencing data obtained from an independent cohort of 11 patients to validate discriminative DMRs (differentially methylated regions) for Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subtypes. The cohort includes 2 healthy subjects, 4 STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), 3 NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), and 2 UA (unstable angina) patients. The sequencing panel targeted 18,831 CpGs for analysis, reaching at least 5 reads coverage for 75% of the targeted CpGs in each sample. The sequencing was performed using the NEBNext Enzymatic Methyl-seq Module and the Nonacus Cell3TMTarget: Library Preparation kit, followed by probe hybridization, capture enrichment, and sequencing on the Novaseq 6000 platform, generating 400 million reads. The dataset is in raw fastq format.

  Dataset EGAD00001010934

• Genetic Neuroscience: How Human Genes and Alleles Shape Neuronal Phenotypes

  The goal of this collaborative, interdisciplinary project is to develop powerful, generalizable approaches for discovering how risk variants for psychiatric disorders shape neurobiological processes at multiple levels of analysis, and to identify the processes whose dysregulation underlies disease.Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were used towards the development of these new experimental and inferential systems bridging gaps between human genetics and experimental biology. The largest publicly available collection of iPSCs (2607 lines) has been generated from 2184 donors by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM). To expand our donor collection, an additional 44 iPSC donors from the McLean_Levy cohort were identified. We wish to share the available SNP data for 2167 CIRM lines and whole genome sequence data generated at the Broad Institute for 473 of the CIRM and 44 McLean_Levy iPSC donors. These data can be used to identify (for experiments) lines with specific genotypes of interest and lines from donors with high or low polygenic risk scores for phenotypes of interest. The data can also be used to identify acquired mutations in the iPSC lines. The CIRM iPSC lines are available through Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics iPSC Repository (https://www.fujifilmcdi.com/cirm-ipsc-products/). The McLean_Levy lines are available through the NIMH Repository & Genomics Resource (https://www.nimhgenetics.org/).Additional project data registered with the study includes data from an iPSC line derived from an SMA patient (n=1), as well as single-cell RNA sequence data and supplemental processed genomic datasets in support of project publications.Molecular DatasetsSingle-cell RNA-seq: 10X Genomics, Illumina NovaSeqSupplemental "cell village" pooled genomic sequence data: Illumina NextSeqWhole Genome Genotyping: Infinium Global Screening Array-24 Kit, Illumina HumanCore chipWhole Genome Sequencing: Illumina NovaSeq

  Study phs002032

• Ewings Sarcoma RNA-Seq

  Sarcomas are cancers of the bone and soft tissue often defined by their gene fusions. However, the timing, context, and processes by which these pathogenic fusions arise are unknown. We explored this in Ewing sarcoma, a cancer driven by EWSR1-ETS fusions, with very few cooperating mutations. Combining whole-genome sequencing with enhanced informatics, we found that the EWSR1-ETS fusion arose from striking rearrangement clusters in 42% of cases (52/124). Notably, these were organized in loops that universally contained the fusion at their center, while also weaving up to 18 genes together with it. We found the same pattern of rearrangements in three additional types of sarcoma. From these data, we define a new signature for sarcoma fusions that precedes other somatic changes, in the earliest replicating DNA of the genome. This dramatic, sudden process impinges on many genes – generating multiple coding changes that profoundly affect the transcriptome, with the disease-defining gene fusion at its core. These rearrangement loops emerge in an early ES clone from which both the primary tumor and the lethal relapse emerged, and then evolved in parallel until clinically detected.

  Study EGAS00001003062

• Intra-tumor heterogeneity of localized lung adenocarcinomas defined by multi-region sequencing

  Background: Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) may have profound impacts on biopsy strategy, characterization of actionable targets, treatment planning, and drug resistance. ITH of lung cancers has not been well studied. Methods: We performed multi-region whole exome sequencing (average sequencing depth 277x) on 48 tumor regions from 11 resected lung adenocarcinomas (8 stage I, 2 stage II and one stage III tumors) followed by deep sequencing validation (average sequencing depth 863x). Results: All tumors showed clear evidence of spatial ITH. On average, 76% of all mutations and 20/21 known cancer gene mutations were present in all regions of individual tumors (trunk mutations). Copy number analysis did not show substantial difference in large-scale chromosome aberrations. A canonical KRAS p.G12C mutation was detected in only 1 of 4 tumor regions (branch mutations) at exome depth but detected in all four tumor regions (trunk mutations) at increased sequencing depth. In addition, many heterogeneous branch mutations defined by exome sequencing were detectable in all regions of individual tumors with increasing sequencing depth. Significant differences in mutational spectrum were observed in 6 tumors indicating that specific mutational processes were likely operative at different times during development of these tumors. With a median follow up of 21 months post surgery, 3 patients have relapsed and all 3 patients presented with significantly larger fractions of subclonal mutations in their primary tumors. Conclusions: Although multi-region sampling is still required to fully assess ITH complexity, single biopsy analysis at appropriate depth might be sufficient to identify the majority of known cancer gene mutations in localized lung adenocarcinomas. Larger subclonal mutation fractions may be associated with increased likelihood of postsurgical relapse in patients with localized lung adenocarcinomas. Studies on larger cohort, ideally with comprehensive clinical annotation and repeat biopsy at relapse are needed to fully understand the clinical impact of ITH.

  Study EGAS00001000930

• Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis of Carfilzomib-Related Cardiotoxicity in Multiple Myeloma Patients

  This study investigated the contribution of germline genetic variants in protein-coding genes in carfilzomib-related cardiovascular adverse events among patients with multiple myeloma using whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. We analyzed 247 patients with multiple myeloma who had been treated with carfilzomib at the Moffitt Cancer Center. We identified a missense mutation in the TMSB10/TRABD2A locus that appeared to be associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular adverse events in these patients. In this submission, we will provide all the genotype data along with the phenotype data of whether or not a patient developed cardiovascular adverse events after carfilzomib treatment and all the covariates used in this analysis.

  Study phs003308

• DNA Replication Speed controls Epigenome Integrity and T Cell Fate

  Epigenetic mechanisms maintain cellular identities by enforcing stable, cell type-specific transcriptional programs while also allowing regulated plasticity for adaptations to environmental cues like differentiation signals. Dysregulation of this dual capacity has been linked to cancer and chronic inflammation, with the regulatory mechanisms remaining poorly understood. Here, we identify DNA replication speed as a physiological regulator controlling epigenome stability and plasticity. Using T-lymphocytes as a model, we demonstrate that fast DNA replication speed impaired epigenome stability, causing DNA methylation maintenance errors at cell type-specific enhancers and heterochromatin, ultimately leading to compromised cell function. However, accelerated DNA replication speed supported epigenome plasticity during differentiation, promoting successful cell-type transitions

  Study EGAS50000001273

• Genomic profiling of ovarian adult type granulosa cell tumors

  To investigate the genomic landscape of primary and recurrent ovarian adult type granulosa cell tumors, we first identified an exploratory cohort comprised of cryopreserved surgical biopsies from 24 patients (primary, n = 8; recurrent, n = 16) with 20 having matched normal tissue or peripheral blood samples. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on these tumor samples at 200X target coverage (mean 226; range 165-296) and also performed WES on the available normal samples. In addition, we performed cancer gene panel sequencing using the T200.1 hybrid capture platform on FFPE tissue from 55 additional patients (primary, n = 27; recurrent, n = 28), of which we sequenced matched normal tissue for a total of 44.

  Study EGAS00001002833

• Robust methylation-based classification of brain tumours using nanopore sequencing

  Background: DNA methylation-based classification of cancer provides a comprehensive molecular approach to diagnose tumours. In fact, DNA methylation profiling of human brain tumours already profoundly impacts clinical neuro-oncology. However, current implementations using hybridization microarrays are time-consuming and costly. We recently reported on shallow nanopore whole-genome sequencing for rapid and cost-effective generation of genome-wide 5-methylcytosine profiles as input to supervised classification. Here, we demonstrate that this approach allows to discriminate a wide spectrum of primary brain tumours. Results: Using public reference data of 82 distinct tumour entities, we performed nanopore genome sequencing on N=382 tissue samples covering 46 brain tumour (sub)types. Using bootstrap sampling in a cohort of N = 56 cases, we find that a minimum set of 1,000 random CpG features is sufficient for high-confidence classification by ad hoc random forests. We implemented score recalibration as confidence measure for interpretation in a clinical context and empirically determined a platform-specific threshold in a randomly sampled discovery cohort (N = 185). Applying this cut-off to an independent validation series (N = 184) yielded 148 classifiable cases (sensitivity 80.4%) and demonstrated 100 % specificity. Cross-lab validation demonstrated robustness with concordant results across four laboratories in 10/11 (90.9%) cases. In a prospective benchmarking (N = 15), median time to results was 21.1 hours. Conclusions: In conclusion, nanopore sequencing allows robust and rapid methylation-based classification across the full spectrum of brain tumours. Platform-specific confidence scores facilitate clinical implementation for which prospective evaluation is warranted and ongoing.

  Study EGAS00001006540

• Genomic Studies in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

  The various forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) comprise a genetically heterogeneous set of peripheral neuropathies. Currently, >90 different CMT genes have been identified; yet, for the axonal CMT2 subtype these genes explain only 30-40% of the genetic effect. In particular, the application of exome sequencing has led to an unprecedented pace in identifying about half of those genes in the past five years. We have been at the forefront of this development with 22+ published new gene identifications in the past seven years. This success was only possible through broad national and international collaborations, data sharing, and the development of advanced analysis tools and methods. We also learned that despite an accumulation of exome sequencing data, over 50% of axonal CMT patients remain undiagnosed, suggesting even more genes are involved; additionally, our preliminary data also support the existence of non-coding variations as Mendelian allele contributors. In this study, we will continue our highly impactful work in CMT family recruitment, exome sequencing and traditional gene identification. In addition, we will expand the genetic studies to whole genome sequencing with a focus on families already explored unsuccessfully in whole exome studies. We further plan to perform the first large rare variant burden analysis in the rare disorder CMT2. This is only possible through the exceptional clinical resources we have built over the past decade. Finally, with many CMT genes available, we will perform statistical network analyses on a CMT-ome to identify gene modules and pathways that will be the starting point of polypharmacology, and provide insight into pathophysiology of peripheral nerve degeneration. All data will be available in real-time to an existing network of CMT investigators worldwide, and deposited in dbGaP annually.

  Study phs003389

• Genome Studies in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

  Next-generation sequencing technology is opening up new opportunities to rethink the way we identify disease causing genetic variation. An early application, whole exome sequencing, has now been established by a small number of research labs, including ours. Exome sequencing allows obtaining a near complete set of protein coding genomic variation in single individuals for less than $5,000. Promising targets for exome sequencing studies are Mendelian diseases, such as hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP). HSP comprise a genetically very heterogeneous set of neurological disorders with currently 39 different HSP chromosomal loci being reported; yet, the identified genes explain only 60% of the genetic effect at best. Traditional methods of gene identification require linkage analysis of large families, but face increasing difficulties to identify such extended pedigrees for rare HSP forms. However, the innovative approach described in this application will overcome some of these limitations and utilize relatively small pedigrees for highly effective gene identification. We will apply exome sequencing, which will characterize all coding changes and flanking exonic variation in two individuals of a family. We have developed a multi-tiered strategy to reduce the number of identified novel variants to the very causative change in an individual family. We propose to study at least 60 HSP families, which are too small to yield conclusive results with linkage analysis. If the developing technology permits we will consider a larger sample or perform whole genome sequencing. Beyond the important benefit to genetics of HSP, this study will allow us to further establish this new method, which will benefit a large range of additional disease studies.

  Study phs001080

• Single-cell RNA-seq of cervix and placenta

  Placental trophoblasts have been detected in cervical smears early in gestation, creating opportunities for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. However, trophoblast isolation is limited by the lack of a cell catalogue and molecular profile of cervical smears. To establish an atlas and to explore the potential of single-cell RNA-sequencing to detect cervical trophoblasts, 10,539 single-cell transcriptomes from 12 non-invasive exocervical smears from pregnant women were profiled. In addition, we characterized 34,565 cells from six placental biopsies. We uncovered a novel extravillous trophoblast cell subtype characterized by epithelial marker genes and reduced HLA-G expression. Integration of both cell atlases demonstrated surprisingly similar expression profiles between maternal epithelial cells and placental extravillous trophoblasts, indicating that these trophoblasts retained epithelial properties without an invasive mesenchymal phenotype. Additionally, differential expression analysis identified novel markers discriminating cervical and placental cell types. Those analyses may contribute to trophoblast discovery and isolation from cervical smears.

  Study EGAS00001007044

• Stand Up To Cancer East Coast Prostate Cancer Research Group

  Most prostate cancer deaths are caused by metastatic, castration resistant disease (mCRPC). To develop a precision medicine framework for mCRPC, we established a multi-institutional, international clinical sequencing infrastructure to enroll and carry out prospective whole exome and transcriptome sequencing of tumors from a cohort of mCRPC patients. We obtained high quality DNA and RNA sequence data from 150 bone or soft tissue biopsies. Central pathology revealed high-grade adenocarcinoma with only four cases (3.6%) showing neuroendocrine differentiation. Aberrations of AR, ETS genes, TP53 and PTEN were frequent (40-60% of cases), with TP53 and AR alterations being the most enriched in mCRPC compared to primary prostate cancer. We identified novel genomic alterations in PIK3CA/B (fusions and mutations); R-spondin, BRAF and RAF1 (fusions); APC (inactivating mutations); delta-catenin (missense mutations); and ZBTB16/PLZF (homozygous deletions). Aberrations of BRCA2, BRCA1 and ATM were observed at substantially higher frequencies (19.3% overall) than seen in primary prostate cancers, with 56% of these being exclusively somatic. Putative driver gene alterations were identified in nearly all patients, and over half also harbored driver gene fusions, homozygous deletions and/or amplifications. Moreover, 89% of patients harbored a clinically actionable aberration including 62.7% with aberrations in AR, 65% in other cancer-related genes, and 8% with actionable pathogenic germline alterations. Overall, integrative clinical sequencing analysis can be safely and efficiently performed in mCRPC, yields findings that may be actionable for enrolling patients in clinical trials of targeted therapies, and may inform the basis of individual clinical responses.

  Study phs000915

• NHLBI TOPMed: Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt)

  The GenSalt study aims to identify genes which interact with dietary sodium and potassium intake to influence blood pressure in Han Chinese participants from rural north China. Whole genome sequencing will be conducted among 1,860 participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) Study. We will work in collaboration with participating TOPMed studies to identify novel common, low-frequency and rare variants associated with an array of cardiometabolic phenotypes. In addition, we will explore the relation of low-frequency and rare variants with salt-sensitivity among GenSalt study participants.

  Study phs001217

• Genetic Variants Influence on the Placenta Regulatory Landscape

  This study of the regulatory landscape of the placenta relies on the identification of associations between genetic variant and gene expression changes (eQTLs); genetic variant and DNA methylation changes (mQTLs); and, gene expression change and DNA methylation change (eQTMs). It involves the analysis of DNA sequence variation (n=303), DNA methylation (n=303) and mRNA expression data (n=80) from placentas from healthy women. Such studies are crucial to fully apprehend the complexity of the regulatory landscape and to support further analysis focusing and disease driven phenotype.

  Study phs001717

• NHLBI TOPMed: African American Sarcoidosis Genetics Resource

  This study aims to comprehensively interrogate the genomes of African American sarcoidosis families. Sarcoidosis is characterized by a hyperimmune response resulting in granuloma formation in multiple organs. It affects African Americans (AAs) more frequently and more severely than whites. While previous linkage, admixture, candidate gene and genome-wide association (GWA) studies show statistically compelling effects, causal variants are still unknown and much of sarcoidosis heritability is yet to be explained. This "missing" heritability likely includes effects of both common (minor allele frequency (MAF)>5%) and rare variants (MAF

  Study phs001207

• An isolated cohort of samples from the Greek island of Crete that have been genotyped on the Illumina CoreExome array.

  Isolated populations can empower the identification of rare variation associated with complex traits through next generation association studies. Here we have genotyped individuals from a Greek population isolate on the Illumina CoreExome Beadchip. The HELIC (Hellenic Isolated Cohorts) MANOLIS (Minoan Isolates) collection focuses on Anogia and surrounding Mylopotamos villages. Recruitment of this population-based sample was primarily carried out at the village medical centres. All individuals were older than 17 years and had to have at least one parent from the Mylopotamos area. www.helic.org

  Study EGAS00001000896

• Exome Sequencing Reveals Frequent Inactivating Mutations in BAP1, ARID1A, and PBRM1 in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas

  Through exomic sequencing of 32 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, we discovered frequent inactivating mutations in multiple chromatin remodeling genes (including BAP1, ARID1A, and PBRM1) – mutation in one of these genes occurred in almost half of the carcinomas sequenced. We also identified frequent mutations at previously reported hotspots in genes encoding the metabolic enzymes IDH1 and IDH2 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. In contrast, TP53 was the most frequently altered gene in a series of nine gallbladder carcinomas. These studies highlight the importance of dysregulation of chromatin remodeling in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas.

  Study EGAS00001001108

• ChIP-Seq of TFEB in LT-HSC

  ChIP-Seq of TFEB in LT-HSC

  Study EGAS00001005462

• Bladder Cancer Organoids as a Functional System to Model Different Disease Stages and Therapy Response

  The study 'Bladder Cancer Organoids as a Functional System to Model Different Disease Stages and Therapy Response' reports the genomic characterization at the single allele level upon Whole Exome Sequencing of Bladder Cancer (BLCa) Patient Tumor (PT) samples obtained from 18 patients and corresponding Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), implementing the SPICE pipeline (Ciani Y et al). Our cohort included 21 PTs and 22 PDOs. In this study, we generated a unique biobank resource of BLCa organoids that encompasses a broad spectrum of disease stages. We demonstrated that PDOs retain cancer heterogeneity and mutational burden. Furthermore, we observed that BLCa PDO can have different morphologies which may reflect tumor-specific features. Indeed, a solid morphology may be associated with more advanced tumors, as supported by the high PDO genomic burden and high primary tumor stage. Moreover, with our drug screening pipeline, we demonstrated the clinical relevance and feasibility of using a BLCa PDO-based drug assay for comparing the standard of care (SOC) drugs with compounds not currently in use for BLCa. Response to SOC was highly heterogeneous with approximately 50% of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and 33% of muscle invasive bladder cancer PDOs showing no or minimal response. The most effective targeted therapy was lapatinib. We used an integrative analysis of drug response profiles with matched PDO genomic analysis to determine enrichment thresholds for candidate markers of therapy resistance and sensitivity. Importantly, by assessing the clinical history of longitudinally sampled cases, the clonal evolution of the disease could be determined and matched with PDO drug response profiles.

  Study phs003149

• The clinical utility of genomics in childhood cancer extends beyond targetable mutations

  Survival of children with relapsed cancer remains unacceptably low. Cancer genomic profiling may identify new therapeutic options, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and improve understanding of tumors’ origins and continued evolution. We deeply sequenced 864 cancer-associated genes and the complete genomes and transcriptomes for 300 pediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) patients with poor prognosis or rare tumors. Using integrative somatic-germline analyses, we assessed the clinical utility of cancer genomics in this population. We analyzed tumor mutational signatures and burden to interrogate the relevance of germline variants in DNA repair genes and the impact of therapeutic exposures on tumor evolution. We also evaluated the frequency of changes to tumor drivers and therapeutic targets at relapse in those with serial samples. Integrative analysis yielded clinically actionable variants in a majority of patients. Improved diagnostic accuracy led to modified management in a subset. Therapeutically targetable variants were of unanticipated timing and type, with many of these derived from the germline. Enrichment in corroborating mutational signature 3 (‘BRCAness’) in patients with germline homologous recombination defects suggests they are drivers of pediatric cancers and potential targets for PARP inhibition. We show that mutation burden, which may in part be driven by prior therapeutic exposures, was significantly elevated in a minority of patients. Over one-third of patients with sequential samples analyzed showed a change in therapeutically-targetable drivers. Comprehensive somatic-germline cancer genomic profiling is useful at multiple points in the care trajectory for pediatric/AYA patients, supporting its integration into early clinical management. Re-biopsy at the time of relapse should be considered, and specific attention to mutational burden is indicated. Defective DNA repair genes in the germline may represent important targetable drivers.

  Study EGAS00001006034

• Single-cell RNA sequencing of human skin tumors (BCC, SCC and Melanoma)

  Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in cancer progression and treatment outcome. Here, we elucidate the yet unresolved intra-tumoral CAF variety in three skin cancer types at molecular and spatial single-cell resolution in a large cohort. We show that two out of three CAF subtypes contribute to tumor immune surveillance with distinct mechanisms. Matrix CAFs (mCAFs) ensheath tumor nests and synthesize extracellular-matrix to prevent T cell invasion. Immunomodulatory CAFs (iCAFs), which express proinflammatory and immunomodulatory factors, are only detected in high abundance in aggressive tumors. Strikingly, iCAFs but not tumor cells are (apart from immune cells) the exclusive cell type producing chemokines and, thus, play a key role in immune cell recruitment and activation. Mechanistically, we show that cancer cells transform adjacent healthy fibroblasts into cytokine-expressing iCAFs, which subsequently recruit immune cells and modulate the immune response. In conclusion, targeting CAF variants holds promise for improved efficacy of immunotherapy.

  Study EGAS50000000365

• scRNA-seq, scTCR-seq and scBCR-seq of 21 individuals post Covid'19 vaccination.

  This data includes scRNA-seq, scTCR-seq and scBCR-seq of 21 individuals post Covid'19 vaccination. Individuals range from the ages 52 to 75. Samples were genotype multiplexed in an overlapping mixture design, pooled, and sequenced on 16 lanes (10X, 5' GEM).

  Dataset EGAD00001011201

• Understanding Self- Organising Capacity of Stem Cells during Implantation and Early Post-implantation Development in vitro and in vivo: Implications for Human Development (2020-04-20)

  The aim of this project is to differentiate human embryonic stem cells to an extra-embryonic fate, specifically the hypoblast. This is of uttermost importance given the current lack of human hypoblast stem cells. We hypothesized that the pluripotent characteristics of the starting human embryonic stem cell population may dictate the competency for extra-embryonic cell fate specification. Based on this hypothesis and using human embryonic stem cells maintained in different naïve-like culture regimes, we have now developed conditions that allow the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to a stable GATA6+ SOX2- population. This suggests that these cells may be putative human hypoblast stem cells. To validate this finding here we propose to perform RNA sequencing experiments of the differentiated human embryonic stem cells. By comparing their RNA expression profile to the single cell sequencing data of the human embryo that we are currently generating, we will be able to determine the identity of our GATA6+ SOX2- cells, and establish whether they represent the in vivo human hypoblast. This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-04-20.

  Dataset EGAD00001006056

• Characterisation of the genetic landscape of cutaneous leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma - Leiomyoma RNA

  Cutaneous leiomyoma (cLM) and leiomyosarcoma (cLMS) are rare benign and malignant soft tissue neoplasms showing smooth muscle differentiation, respectively, that arise from mesenchymal cells in the dermis and subcutis. Through whole exome sequencing of cLM and cLMS cases, we observed distinct differences between the somatic mutational profile of these tumour types. FH was identified as a driver gene in cLM with genetic alterations of FH occurring via somatic point mutation, somatic copy number loss, biallelic inactivation and germline point mutations. TP53 and RB1 were identified as driver genes in the cLMS cohort, with genetic alterations of TP53 occurring via somatic and germline point mutations, copy number loss and biallelic inactivation. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified recurrent gene fusions, including CRTC1/3-MAML2 in cLMS and a novel MYLK-MAP3K2 fusion. Analysis of the cell types present in the tumour microenvironment revealed a significantly increased presence of macrophages and decreased presence of myeloid dendritic cells in the cLMS cohort relative to the cLM cohort. Additionally, we identified common driver genes between cLMS and LMS from other sites. Thus, we provide the first in-depth profile of the genetic landscape of cLM and cLMS.

  Dataset EGAD00001014788

• Characterisation of the genetic landscape of cutaneous leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma - Leiomyosarcoma RNA

  Cutaneous leiomyoma (cLM) and leiomyosarcoma (cLMS) are rare benign and malignant soft tissue neoplasms showing smooth muscle differentiation, respectively, that arise from mesenchymal cells in the dermis and subcutis. Through whole exome sequencing of cLM and cLMS cases, we observed distinct differences between the somatic mutational profile of these tumour types. FH was identified as a driver gene in cLM with genetic alterations of FH occurring via somatic point mutation, somatic copy number loss, biallelic inactivation and germline point mutations. TP53 and RB1 were identified as driver genes in the cLMS cohort, with genetic alterations of TP53 occurring via somatic and germline point mutations, copy number loss and biallelic inactivation. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified recurrent gene fusions, including CRTC1/3-MAML2 in cLMS and a novel MYLK-MAP3K2 fusion. Analysis of the cell types present in the tumour microenvironment revealed a significantly increased presence of macrophages and decreased presence of myeloid dendritic cells in the cLMS cohort relative to the cLM cohort. Additionally, we identified common driver genes between cLMS and LMS from other sites. Thus, we provide the first in-depth profile of the genetic landscape of cLM and cLMS.

  Dataset EGAD00001014790

• Genomics to select patients with metastatic breast cancer for targeted therapy (microarray_cytoscan)

  Cancer progression is driven in part by genomic alterations located in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The genomic characterization of cancers has shown a large interpatient heterogeneity regarding the driver alterations, leading to the concept that generating a genomic profiling by multigene sequencing in patients with cancer could allow selecting effective targeted therapies. While this concept has been broadly implemented in daily practice, there is no evidence that such approach improves patient outcome, and how to optimally select the therapy to administer. A genomic profiling using next generation sequencing and copy number analyses was performed 1462 patients with Her2-non overexpressing metastatic breast cancer included in SAFIR02 Breast trial. 238 of these patients were randomized in two trials between a targeted therapy matched to genomic alteration and a maintenance chemotherapy. The trial shows that targeted therapies matched to genomics improves progression free survival (PFS) when genomic alterations are classified level I/II according to ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT) (adjusted HR: 0.41, 90% CI: 0.27-0.61, p<0.001), but not when alterations are classified beyond level II (unadjusted HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.76-1.75). This trial provides evidence that the treatment decision led by genomics should be driven by a framework of target actionability in patients with mBC.

  Study EGAS00001005584

• Genomics to select patients with metastatic breast cancer for targeted therapy (microarray_oncoscan)

  Cancer progression is driven in part by genomic alterations located in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The genomic characterization of cancers has shown a large interpatient heterogeneity regarding the driver alterations, leading to the concept that generating a genomic profiling by multigene sequencing in patients with cancer could allow selecting effective targeted therapies. While this concept has been broadly implemented in daily practice, there is no evidence that such approach improves patient outcome, and how to optimally select the therapy to administer. A genomic profiling using next generation sequencing and copy number analyses was performed 1462 patients with Her2-non overexpressing metastatic breast cancer included in SAFIR02 Breast trial. 238 of these patients were randomized in two trials between a targeted therapy matched to genomic alteration and a maintenance chemotherapy. The trial shows that targeted therapies matched to genomics improves progression free survival (PFS) when genomic alterations are classified level I/II according to ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT) (adjusted HR: 0.41, 90% CI: 0.27-0.61, p<0.001), but not when alterations are classified beyond level II (unadjusted HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.76-1.75). This trial provides evidence that the treatment decision led by genomics should be driven by a framework of target actionability in patients with mBC.

  Study EGAS00001005586

• Genomics to select patients with metastatic breast cancer for targeted therapy (microarray_agilent)

  Cancer progression is driven in part by genomic alterations located in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The genomic characterization of cancers has shown a large interpatient heterogeneity regarding the driver alterations, leading to the concept that generating a genomic profiling by multigene sequencing in patients with cancer could allow selecting effective targeted therapies. While this concept has been broadly implemented in daily practice, there is no evidence that such approach improves patient outcome, and how to optimally select the therapy to administer. A genomic profiling using next generation sequencing and copy number analyses was performed 1462 patients with Her2-non overexpressing metastatic breast cancer included in SAFIR02 Breast trial. 238 of these patients were randomized in two trials between a targeted therapy matched to genomic alteration and a maintenance chemotherapy. The trial shows that targeted therapies matched to genomics improves progression free survival (PFS) when genomic alterations are classified level I/II according to ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT) (adjusted HR: 0.41, 90% CI: 0.27-0.61, p<0.001), but not when alterations are classified beyond level II (unadjusted HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.76-1.75). This trial provides evidence that the treatment decision led by genomics should be driven by a framework of target actionability in patients with mBC.

  Study EGAS00001005587

• H3K27ac ChIP-seq of lung neuroendocrine tumors

  H3K27ac ChIP-seq of lung neuroendocrine tumors

  Study EGAS50000000057