11006 results for "fc 26 best way to get coins Visit Buyfc26coins.com Gyors és hatékony szolgáltatás. Hamarosan visszatérek több FC 26 érmeért..4w1a"

in 28.16 milliseconds.

• A_study_of_the_molecular_pathogenesis_of_Splenic_Marginal_Zone_and_Diffuse_Large_B_Cell_Lymphoma

  We will perform exome sequencing on selected cases of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in order to characterise their genetic makeup and identify biomarkers for prognosis and prediction of treatment response.

  Study EGAS00001000335

• Molecular analysis of cancer genomes in children with Lynch syndrome: exploring causal associations

  Molecular characterization of 20 tumors of 18 children with Lynch syndrome to investigate causality. This characterization includes the investigation of second hits, tumor mutational load, mutational signatures and MMR protein expression.

  Study EGAS00001006992

• Breast_Cancer_Matched_Pair_Cell_Line_Whole_Genomes

  We propose to definitively characterise the somatic genetics of matched pair breast cancer cell lines through generation of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations by high coverage genome sequencing coupled with integrated transcriptomic and methylation analyses.

  Study EGAS00001000166

• Triple_Negative_Breast_Cancer_Whole_Genomes

  We propose to definitively characterise the somatic genetics of Triple negative breast cancer through generation of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations in 500 cases by high coverage genome sequencing coupled with integrated transcriptomic and methylation analyses.

  Study EGAS00001000092

• Genome sequencing of oesophagus atresia families

  To gain insight into gene variants and genes associated with isolated Oesophageal atresia (OA) we conducted whole genome sequencing on samples from three families with recurrent cases affected by congenital and isolated tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).

  Study EGAS00001004394

• CAF-S3 subset in human breast and ovarian cancers

  Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are key players in the tumor microenvironment. By combining 6 well-known stromal markers, we identify four CAF subsets (CAF-S1 to CAF-S4) in human breast and ovarian cancers.

  Study EGAS00001003344

• RNA Sequencing of Colorectal Liver Metastases

  A subset of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer achieves prolonged survival after hepatic resection of limited liver metastases. Here, we examined the molecular features of colorectal liver metastases as they relate to clinical outcomes.

  Study EGAS00001002945

• Genomic Rearrangements in Pediatric Cancer

  This study contains a collection of samples used to determine the role and impact of genomic rearrangements in a pan cancer pediatric cohort.

  Study EGAS00001005312

• Whole genome sequencing for novel neuromuscular disease gene discovery

  This peripheral neuropathy patient underwent whole genome sequencing to find the cause of their disease. They were undiagnosed by current standard-of-care practice, which is neurogenetic panel screening. This is a paediatric case.

  Study EGAS00001004535

• RNA sequencing of high hyperdiploid and ETV6/RUNX1-positive pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  We performed RNA-sequencing of high hyperdiploid and ETV6/RUNX1-positive ALL cases by using the Human Ribo-Zero rRNA Removal Kit to investigate the gene expression in high hyperdiploid ALL.

  Study EGAS00001003079

• Colorectal cancer genomics with primary and metastatic samples

  We performed whole genome sequencing of metastatic colorectal cancer from 16 patients. Normal adjacent tissue, primary tissue, and metastatic tissue were analyzed to uncover metastatic progression and difference between primary and distant metastatic lesions.

  Study EGAS00001006465

• Colorectal cancer transcriptomics with primary and metastatic samples

  We performed RNAseq analysis of metastatic colorectal cancer from 16 patients. Normal adjacent tissue, primary tissue, and metastatic tissue were analyzed to uncover metastatic progression and difference between primary and distant metastatic lesions.

  Study EGAS00001006464

• Targeted DNA sequencing on 37 Merkel Cell Carcinomas from New Zealand with known Merkel cell polyomavirus status

  To determine the genomic landscape of NZ virus-negative MCCs (VN-MCC), assess genomic evolution in metastases, and catalogue the distribution of TP53 and RB1 variants from international studies.

  Study EGAS00001006873

• Discovery of cancer prognostic markers based on comparison of gene expression in colorectal cancer samples.

  Here, we analyse bulk mRNA-seq data derived from normal tissues adjacent to tumors (NATs) and tumour tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC), including 80 NAT samples and 80 tumour samples.

  Study EGAS00001005068

• germline variants in children with hematological cancer

  Trio parent-child whole exome sequencing has been used to identify cancer predisposing syndrome (CPS) in our pediatric patients with hematological cancer, and it was identified in 3.8% of the total number of patients(131).

  Study EGAS00001006907

• Single cell atlas of human glioma

  We profiled 87 primary-recurrentpatient-matched paired GBM specimens with single-nucleus RNA and bulk-DNA sequencing and single-cell open-chromatin and spatial transcriptomics/proteomics assays. We found that recurrent GBMs are characterized by a shift to a mesenchymal phenotype in response to therapy

  Dataset EGAD00001008811

• Characterization of four subtypes in morphologically normal tissue excised proximal and distal to breast cancer

  RNA sequencing data from breast cancers (n=18) and their matched HN tissues (n=36), healthy breast from cosmetic reduction mammoplasty (RM; n=5), and risk reducing mastectomies (RR, n=5), with peritumoral samples excised proximal to (TP, less than 2 cm) and distal from (TD, 5-10 cm) the primary tumor.

  Dataset EGAD00001006291

• Deep sequencing of 60 genes from BCP HD ALL samples on Illumina HiSeq 2000, 100 bp paired-end

  50 ng of genomic double stranded DNA was enzymatically sheared to an average size of 200 bp. Further processing was performed using Illumina Nextera Rapid Capture Custom Kit (Illumina) and 100 bp paired-end sequencing was performed with 24 samples per lane on a Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Illumina) to reach a coverage of 100-1000x.

  Dataset EGAD00001002652

• Healthy Never Smokers

  Bronchial brushing dataset from healthy never-smokers after exposure to diesel exhaust. Include 18 samples from 9 research participants who underwent bronchoscopy after controlled exposure to diesel exhaust. Main study design described in detail in Ryu et al 2022 AJRCCM (PMID: 35202552). This dataset was used in Hill et al Nature 2023.

  Dataset EGAD00001010024

• PacBio Rare Disease Study

  This study leverages PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing technology to comprehensively analyze the genomic architecture of rare diseases. By generating highly accurate, long-read sequences, we aim to resolve complex structural variants, repeat expansions, and other genomic features that are often missed by short-read sequencing. Our approach facilitates improved variant detection and interpretation, advancing the understanding of rare disease etiology and enabling more precise genetic diagnoses.

  Dataset EGAD00001015611

• Whole genome sequencing of adult glioblastoma nuclei

  Three primary adult glioblastoma specimens were dissociated and nuclei were extracted. A portion of the nuclei was used for single-cell ATAC seq and the remainder were submitted for whole genome sequencing, to provide orthogonal validation of copy number variations in the samples compared to single-cell ATAC seq. Samples were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 in paired-end mode.

  Dataset EGAD00001007651

• Acute myeloid leukemia bulk RNA-seq (Diagnosis and Relapse)

  To gain insight into the clonal heterogeneity of diagnosis (Dx) and relapse (Re) pairs, we employed RNA-seq to longitudinally profile two t(8;21) (AML1-ETO = RUNX1-RUNX1T1), and four FLT3-ITD AML cases. All the samples are bone marrow aspirates.

  Dataset EGAD00001008374

• PROP1_study

  The dataset for the PROP1 study consists of samples of patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency due to two most prevalent mutations in the PROP1 gene (c.301_302delGA and c.150delA) and healthy relatives and controls. All subjects were genotyped for 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms surrounding the PROP1 gene in order to assess the potential ancestral origin of the respective mutations. The genotype data are displayed in the vcf format.

  Dataset EGAD00001001303

• Somatic mutations in 106 small intestine adenocarcinoma

  106 FFPE tumor samples from small bowel were sequenced with Illumina HiSeq 4000. Exome capture was performed with NimbleGen SeqCap EZ Exome Library v3 Kit. Reads were aligned with BWA–MEM v.0.7.12 to GRCh37 reference genome. Variant calls were produced with GATK HaplotypeCaller. Variant calls were filtered against all data from gnomAD database using allele frequency threshold 0.0001 in order to remove germline variation.

  Dataset EGAD00001003802

• Clinical Phenotypes

  Complete clinical phenotypic description of all patients; the number listed represents all the samples linked to the 609 patients present in the dataset. Please consult the key file to visualise the sample-patient relationship

  Dataset EGAD00001003991

• Circulating tumour DNA abundance and potential utility in de novo metastatic prostate cancer

  We set out to determine ctDNA abundance at de novo mCSPC diagnosis and whether ctDNA provides complementary clinically relevant information to a prostate biopsy. We collected and sequenced 77 plasma cell-free DNA samples from 53 newly diagnosed patients with mCSPC. Targeted sequencing was also performed on DNA from 48 diagnostic prostate tissue samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001004526

• exome sequence of female patients suffering from Ovarian Meiotic Defects

  Exome sequencing was performed on 15 unrelated female patients suffering from primary infertility due to Ovarian Meiotic Defects (OMD). Each reference number corresponds to one of the tested subject. DNA was extracted from Saliva using Oragene saliva DNA collection kit (DNAgenotek Inc., Ottawa, Canada).Exome capture was performed with the Agilent V5 kit and sequencing was performed on Illumina HiSeq 2000.

  Dataset EGAD00001004035

• The contribution of POT1 variants to sporadic melanoma development (2018-06-06)

  A case-control series of melanoma cases from Leeds, UK have been sequenced in the Fluidigm platform to identify genetic variants associated with sporadic melanoma development. Samples in which potentially contributing variants have been detected are being sequenced in an orthogonal platform for variant confirmation. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2018-06-06.

  Dataset EGAD00001004151

• Whole-genome sequencing of paired tumor and blood samples from 65 bladder cancer patients

  65 paired tumor and normal whole-genome sequencing samples from urothelial bladder carcinomas (UBC, the most common type of bladder cancer) are used to uncover the whole-genome mutational landscape of UBC. Recurrent mutations in noncoding regions affecting gene regulatory elements and structural variations leading to gene disruptions are prevalent in this type of cancer.

  Dataset EGAD00001004545

• scRNA-seq dataset to study interactions between HSPCs, BMSCs and immune microenvironment

  Mechanisms of clonal evolution in myeloid neoplasms remain incompletely understood. Darwinian theory predicts that the (micro)environment of clone-propagating stem cells may contribute to clonal selection. Here, we provide data fitting this model, establishing a relationship between stromal niche inflammation, inflammatory stress in HSPCs, clonal resistance and leukemic evolution in human MDS.

  Dataset EGAD00001015770

• Bulk RNA sequencing data in "Three-dimensional human alveolar stem cell culture models reveal infection response to SARS-CoV-2"

  This dataset includes 14 bulk RNA sequencing data (28 fastq files) in the study entitled "Three-dimensional human alveolar stem cell culture models reveal infection response to SARS-CoV-2". RNA sequencing library was generated with Truseq stranded total RNA Gold kit.

  Dataset EGAD00001006241

• Ultra-fast deep-learned pediatric CNS tumor classification.

  In this study nanopore sequencing was applied to obtain sparse DNA methylation profiles from pediatric CNS tumor samples. A neural network was used to classify the tumor based on the obtained methylation profile.

  Dataset EGAD00001011303

• WES in pleural mesothelioma primary cell lines

  We performed exome sequencing on the largest cohort of patient-derived pleural mesothelioma (PM) cell lines (n=58) to explore their molecular heterogeneity. The analysis recapitulated key features of PM tumors and uncovered novel mutations specific to this cohort. These findings provide insight into the genetic landscape of PM, supporting the identification of potential therapeutic targets and advancing the understanding of its molecular diversity.

  Dataset EGAD00001015409

• Research of factors related to diagnosis, progression, prognosis and treatment of hepato-biliary-pancreatic malignancies

  Advanced cancers with metastasis and/or recurrence are usually resistant and refractory to treatment. In our studies, whole exome sequencing analysis, comprehensive epigenetic analysis and genome-wide expression analysis were performed using cancerous and non-cancerous tissues derived from multicentric cohort study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the studies is identification of the refractoriness-related deriver genes for application to novel molecular targeted therapy and preventive medicine. The studies are intended for refractory HCC. High frequency of the tumor recurrence even after curative resection is one of the major difficulties in the treatment of HCC. According to our previous studies, not the recurrence itself, but the recurrence pattern has critical effects on prognosis of the patient with HCC. Then, we analyzed the cancerous and non-cancerous tissues of primary HCC on the point of the recurrence patterns in accordance with or without Milan criteria. The materials were obtained from thirty three patients underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC at Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Written informed consent from these patients, as well as the institutional review board approved was obtained. The determination of the refractory HCC group (16 cases) was based on the point of the recurrence patterns in accordance with Milan criteria for the recurrent tumor (solitary <5cm, or up to 3 nodules <3 cm, without major vascular invasion or distant metastasis) that has been proposed as the useful criteria of the liver transplantation for HCC. The cellular DNA was extracted from the cancerous and non-cancerous tissues of primary HCC by the phenol-chloroform method. After SNP certification using Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 (Affymetrix), whole exome sequencing was performed at the Cancer Institute of JFCR, as the support infrastructure. Exome sequencing was performed using HiSeq 2000 (Illumina), and the obtained reads were mapped to the human reference genome (hg19) using BWA software. GATK software was used for local realignment base call recalibration. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels were analyzed by MuTect and SomaticIndelDetector, as well as visual confirmation by IGV software.

  Study JGAS000052

• Characterization of Cell Free Plasma Methyl-DNA From Xenografted Tumors to Guide the Selection of Diagnostic Markers for Early-Stage Cancers

  Circulating cell-free methyl-DNA (mcfDNA) contains promising cancer markers but its low abundance and possibly diverse origin pose challenges toward the accurate diagnosis of early stage cancers. By whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from about 0.5 mL plasma of mice xenografted with human tumors, we obtained and aligned the reads to the human genome, filtered out the mouse and carrier bacterial sequences, and confirmed the tumor origin of methyl-cfDNA (mctDNA) by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion prior to species-specific PCR. We estimated that human tumor-specific reads (ctDNA) or mctDNA comprised about 0.29 or 0.01%, respectively of the xenograft mouse cfDNA, and about 0.029 or 0.001% of the cfDNA of human early stage cancer patients. Similar WGBS of early stage (0-II, node- and metastasis-free) breast, lung or colorectal cancer samples identified hundreds of specific DMRs (differentially methylated regions) compared to healthy controls. Their association with tumourigenesis was supported by stage-dependent methylation, tumor suppressor or oncogene clusters, and genes also identified in the xenograft samples. Using 20 three-cancer-common and 17 colorectal cancer-specific DMRs in combination (top 0.0018% of the WGBS methylation clusters) was sufficient to distinguish the stage I colorectal cancers from breast and lung cancers and healthy controls. Our data thus confirmed the tumor origin of mctDNA by sequence specificity, and provide a selection threshold for authentic tumor mctDNA markers toward precise diagnosis of early stage cancers solely by top DMRs in combination. Biological Materials were provided by the Ontario Tumour Bank, which is funded by the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Reference for citation: Ling Liu, Jinghua Feng, Julian Polimeni, Manli Zhang, Hai Nguyen, Urmi Das, Xu Zhang, Harminder Singh, Xiao-Jian Yao, Etienne Leygue, Sam K.P. Kung, and Xie J. Characterization of cell free plasma methyl-DNA from xenografted tumours to guide the selection of diagnostic markers for early-stage cancers. Frontiers in Oncology, 2021 Feb. 5. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.615821.

  Study EGAS00001006175

• Identification of intronic sequences promoting natural skipping of ABCA4 exon 15 using long-read transcriptomics and midigene assays

  Stargardt disease is an inherited retinal disease that leads to progressive loss of vision, and is caused by biallelic variants in the ABCA4 gene. A significant proportion of ABCA4 variants of variable penetrance affect pre-mRNA splicing. Previously, we observed the exclusion of certain ABCA4 exons into the final transcript in the absence of any disease-causing variants. In this study, we explored this phenomenon that we coined natural exon skipping (NES) for the entire ABCA4 transcript, using targeted RT-PCR analysis as well as long-read transcriptome sequencing of control retina samples. For the most abundant NES event, which is skipping of ABCA4 exon 15, overlapping ABCA4 deletion constructs were employed to identify responsible cis-regulatory sequence motifs. Subsequently, antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) were designed and tested to reverse NES and restore fully-spliced ABCA4 mRNA. We identified intronic regions on each side of exon 15 that, when deleted, increased the inclusion of exon 15 in the final transcripts. Interestingly, these motifs appear to work in a synergistic manner. Further fine-mapping of these regions revealed several cis-regulatory motifs that may be responsible for inducing NES, on each side of the exon. AONs targeting these motifs unfortunately did not decrease the skipping of exon 15. In conclusion, we discovered an intriguing phenomenon that, in the absence of disease-causing variants, results in the skipping of one or more exons in the ABCA4 transcript. These NES events appear to be regulated by cis-regulatory motifs within the flanking introns. This work captured the extend of NES throughout ABCA4 transcript and the role of cis-regulatory motifs in pre-mRNA splicing.. The use of AONs targeting cis-regulatory motifs is an innovative strategy for splicing modulation, suitable for complementing future variant-specific splicing modulation therapies in ABCA4 retinopathies.

  Study EGAS50000000071

• Ghana Breast Health Study

  The Ghana Breast Health Study (GBHS) was a multi-disciplinary, population-based case-control study conducted in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana that was designed to investigate breast cancer etiology in the West Africa region. The study enrolled 1,126 invasive breast cancer cases and 2,106 frequency matched population-based controls using census-based sampling. GHBS participants were between the ages of 18 to 74 years of age. Breast cancer cases were recruited at the time they presented with lesions suspicious of breast cancer at three hospitals: Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (Accra), Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital (Kumasi) and Peace and Love Hospital (Kumasi). These hospitals are the primary providers of treatment for breast cancer in Ghana, allowing for cases in our study to represent most breast cancers diagnosed in these areas during the study period. The following publications describe the GBHS in detail: 1) Brinton LA et al. Design considerations for identifying breast cancer risk factors in a population-based study in Africa. Int J Cancer 2017;140:2667-2677 (PMID:28295287). 2) Nyante SJ et al. Recruiting population controls for case-control studies in sub-Saharan Africa: The Ghana Breast Health Study. PloS one 2019;14:e0215347 (PMID:30990841)Among subjects with an available source of germline DNA genotyping was performed using the Infinium Global Screening Array-24 per the manufacturer&#8217;s guidelines using the Infinium automated protocol. We excluded probable duplicates and close relatives, and samples with a call rate &lt; 95% or samples with extreme heterozygosity. Female sex was verified by Identifiler using X chromosome heterozygosity and the X chromosome inbreeding coefficient F statistics. The GLU genetics&#8217; ld.tagzilla module was used to confirm African ancestry. To resolve more detailed population substructure, principal components analysis was conducted among all unrelated subjects using the EIGENSOFT v7.2.1. Imputation was performed using the Michigan imputation server Minimac3 with 1K genomes phase3 as reference panel.

  Study phs002387

• Assessment of Health-related Quality of Life in Rare Kidney Stones

  The purpose of this study is to learn about Health-related Quality Of Life (HRQoL) in patients enrolled in the Rare Kidney Stone Consortium (RKSC) registries. Quality of life studies look at different aspects of both physical and mental components of people&#39;s lives. HRQoL data for people affected by kidney stones are not currently available for people followed over time. All participants enrolled in the RKSC registries will be invited, via email or postal mail, to participate in this study. Health-related quality of life in people with rare kidney stones enrolled in the RKSC registries will be measured. Instruments used in this study are the SF-10 for pediatric participants and SF-36v2 for adult participants. The surveys will be completed online. Participants without a computer or internet access will participate using a paper version of the survey. These surveys will be done at enrollment and annually thereafter. The SF-36v2 includes 36 questions and is estimated to take 15 minutes for its completion, while the SF-10 includes 10 questions and could be completed in 5 minutes. The research questions are: Assessment of HRQoL in patients with rare kidney stones. Comparison of HRQoL results between rare kidney stone formers, general population and other populations with relevant chronic diseases. Comparison of HRQoL results in the same populations affected by different stones and analyzed with attention to the effects of various factors included in the disease registry, such as stone activity, burden of urologic interventions, medication and other treatments. Evaluation of HRQoL and its trends over time in patients undergoing treatment for rare kidney stones. About this study: The plan is to have 400 participants from all four registries take part in this multi-center study. The assessment of your HRQoL will be done annually for 5 years.

  Study phs001770

• Center for Common Disease Genomics [CCDG] - Cardiovascular: PEGASUS-TIMI 54

  This study is a part of NHGRI's Center for Common Disease Genomics, which is a collaborative large-scale genome sequencing effort to comprehensively identify rare risk and protective variants contributing to multiple common disease phenotypes. Current estimates anticipate that the CCDG program will sequence approximately 140K whole genomes and 225K whole exomes during the life of the project.&nbsp;The Cardiovascular Disease working group of the CCDG considered five diseases: early-onset coronary artery disease (EOCAD), stroke, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes. Atrial fibrillation will affect between 6-12 million individuals in the US by 2050. AF also is associated with increased risks of stroke, dementia, heart failure, death, and high health care costs. Many risk factors for AF have been identified, including advancing age, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD risk factors. However, there is little knowledge how to prevent AF. Furthermore, therapies for AF are only partially effective, and are themselves associated with substantial morbidity. Previously, heritable forms of AF have been considered rare; yet in the last decade, it has been established that AF, and in particular early-onset forms of AF, are heritable. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a powerful tool to identify common variants underlying disease risk. The AFGen Consortium currently consists of investigators from more than 25 studies with &gt;20,000 individuals with AF and &gt;100,000 without AF. In the latest analyses, 14 loci have been identified for AF1 . Broadly, the loci implicate genes related to cardiopulmonary development, cardiac-expressed ion channels, and cell signaling molecules. Source: ccdg.rutgers.eduFor this study, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard generated genetic data for 7,481 individuals from the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 clinical trial run by Brigham and Women's Hospital TIMI study group using whole exome sequencing and whole genome genotyping (Infinium Global Screening Array); all samples serving as controls.&nbsp;&nbsp;

  Study phs002243

• Genome-wide Association Study for Non-syndromic Clefts in the African Population: CIDR

  The focus of this project is to identify genetic variants that are associated with orofacial clefts in African populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Most genetic studies of CLP (including the vast majority of GWAS) have been conducted in populations of European origin with only a few focused on Asian or African populations. We choose to study the genetics of these complex traits in African populations because, African populations have the greatest genetic variation amongst the various populations in the world by virtue of being the primary ancestral population to modern humans (Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman, 2003; Ramsay et al., 2011). Therefore, the potential for finding novel loci for CLP is quite high. To date 6 genome wide association studies (GWAS) for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) have been conducted and 18 risk loci identified (Birnbaum et al., 2009; Grant et al., 2009 ; Beaty et al., 2010; Mangold et al., 2010; Ludwig et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2015). All these studies have either been conducted in European populations, Asian populations or both. There is currently no published GWAS for clefts in African populations. African populations represent a novel and richly productive populations for genetic and environmental exposure studies for CL/P. Investigating the presence of genetic variants in diverse population groups can identify novel variants and candidate genes that are population specific. Environmental factors may also increase the risks in certain population groups due to genetic susceptibility and/or specific exposures. Understanding the role these susceptibility genes play in the effects of environmental risk factors can inform strategies designed towards reducing the outcome of these complex traits, e.g. through the modification of the environmental influences. The study population comprises a large number of individuals (3205 individuals) from Africa (Ghana, Ethiopia and Nigeria). There are cases, case triads (nuclear families), as well as controls with no history of OFC nor other developmental defects.

  Study phs001090

• Uncovering RNA Signatures of C9orf72-Linked ALS and Related Disorders

  Substantial clinical and pathological variability has been reported in patients carrying an expanded repeat in C9orf72, who are generally diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and/or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Emerging evidence suggests that C9orf72 expression, RNA foci, and dipeptide-repeat proteins contribute to C9orf72-related diseases; however, the majority of the clinicopathological variability remains unexplained. We hypothesize that RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) might reveal individual genes or groups of highly correlated genes (modules) that could account for this variability, which may help to identify much-needed druggable targets and/or biomarkers. Our preliminary studies performed in the frontal cortex, where we compared C9orf72 expansion carriers to (disease) controls, demonstrated that the top differentially expressed gene was C9orf72 itself. We also noticed that differentially expressed genes were enriched for the endocytosis pathway, which is consistent with the reported function of the C9orf72 protein in vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, we detected a module enriched for vesicular pathways, and additionally, we discovered an association with survival after onset for several promising candidates involved in vesicular transport. To find new therapeutic targets and biomarkers, here we have completed RNA-Seq on an increased number of samples to examine another relevant region: the cerebellum. As such, we performed RNA-Seq on a well-characterized cohort of C9orf72 expansion carriers, patients without this expansion, and control subjects without neurological diseases. We used multivariable linear regression models for gene-level analysis, weighted correlation network analysis for module-level analysis, and leafcutter for splicing analysis. Using the cerebellar RNA-Seq data, we found a large number (&gt;6,000) of differentially expressed genes, with a notable increase in expression of homeobox genes in C9orf72 expansion carriers, as well as many gene modules that were associated with C9orf72 expansion status. Additionally, using leafcutter, we detected over 1,000 differential splicing events and an increase in the number of cryptic splicing events in C9orf72 expansion carriers.

  Study phs003065

• Discovery, Biology, and Risk of Inherited Variants in Breast Cancer (DRIVE) - Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis

  Discovery, Biology, and Risk of Inherited Variants in Breast Cancer (DRIVE) was one of five projects funded in 2010 as part of the NCI&#39;s Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON) initiative (http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/gameon/). GAME-ON&#39;s overall goal was to foster an intra-disciplinary and collaborative approach to the translation of promising research leads deriving from the initial wave of cancer GWAS. Specific goals included replication of previous GWAS findings and identification of new susceptibility loci through meta analyses of existing GWAS data and fine mapping of identified loci to better pinpoint causal variants; and identify germline variants that are associated with risk of multiple cancers. The other four funded GAME-ON projects were: the ColoRectal TransdisciplinaryStudy (CORECT), Elucidating Loci Involved in Prostate Cancer Susceptibility (ELLIPSE), Follow-up of Ovarian Cancer Genetic Association and Interaction Study (FOCI), and Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung (TRICL). To identify additional cancer risk loci, improve the precision of fine-mapping, and facilitate cross-cancer analyses, DRIVE investigators performed a meta-analysis of eleven genome-wide association studies of breast cancer: The Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS), the British Breast Cancer Study (BBCS), the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3), the Breast Cancer Family Registries (BCFR), the Dutch Familial Bilateral Breast Cancer Study (DFBBCS), German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC), the Helsinki breast cancer family Study (HEBCS), the Mammary Carcinoma Risk factor Investigation (MARIE), the Singapore and Sweden Breast Cancer Study (SASBAC), the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Study (TNBC), and the UK2 GWAS. These studies comprised a total of 16,062 cases and 46,157 controls. Imputation to the 1,000 Genomes Project Phase 1 v3 ALL reference panel was performed by study, and summary statistics from each study were combined using fixed-effect meta analysis.

  Study phs001263

• Bone Microarchitecture

  Osteoporosis affects more than 28 million people in the United States and the lifetime risk for osteoporosis-related morbidity is higher than a woman's combined risk for breast cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Health care expenditures for osteoporotic patients in this country are currently nearly 13 billion dollars per annum and are predicted to increase markedly in the next decades due the aging of the population; therefore, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to bone strength and fracture risk. With the advent of skeletal imaging modalities such as high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), it is now possible to study the genetics of more highly refined peripheral skeletal microarchitecture phenotypes. Because these refined phenotypes have not been measured in many cohort studies, this project was a collaborative effort to include almost all the existing data on HR-pQCT of the radius and tibia, and genetics from around the world. Cohorts involved in the discovery included: 1) Framingham Osteoporosis Study, 2) Mayo Clinic cohort; 3) Geneva Retirees cohort; 4) OFELY cohort from Lyon France; 5) STRAMBO cohort from Lyon France; 6) Swedish Male cohorts. Replication cohorts undergoing de novo genotyping include: 1) QUALYOR cohort from Lyon France; 2) CaMOS cohort from Canada. Other than the Framingham cohort and the Swedish male cohorts, all discovery cohorts underwent genome wide genotyping with the Affymetrix Axiom Biobank array that had common variants along with exome content based on the early findings from the Exome Sequencing Project. All genotype data from the discovery cohorts were then imputed using the Haplotype Reference Consortium reference panel. Variants for replication genotyping using the Kasp technology were selected based on novelty compared with previously identified loci using DXA phenotypes, minor allele frequency, underlying LD structure within a locus, and likelihood of a variant being functional as assessed using various algorithms for coding and non-coding variants.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

  Study phs002102

• Clonal Evolution and Heterogeneity of Osimertinib Acquired Resistance Mechanisms in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer

  Current understanding of acquired resistance to osimertinib in EGFR-mutant lung cancer is largely based on the use of targeted sequencing platforms and cell-free DNA. In this study we examined the clonal evolution and heterogeneity of acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib through whole exome and RNA-sequencing of prospectively collected pre-and post-osimertinib resistant tumors and metastases at rapid autopsy. We enrolled 34 patients with histologically confirmed EGFR mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma in a prospective Phase II clinical trial to evaluate osimertinib treatment and the use of local ablative therapy (LAT) for oligoprogressive disease (NCT02759835) in EGFR mutant NSCLC from April 2016 until data cutoff in September 2019. Patients were not selected based on oligometastatic status, rather 32/34 patients had multiple organ involvement, including lung, liver, adrenal, brain and bone. Biopsies or surgeries were performed pre-osimertinib treatment and at first progression on osimertinib. A subset of patients also underwent biopsies at second progression on osimertinib, and following end of life in-patient hospice and rapid autopsy upon death. 63% (n=15/24) of first-line osimertinib and 50% (n=5/10) of second-line osimertinib treated patients had RECIST defined partial response. Overall, 21 patients had RECIST defined first progression on osimertinib. Two patients on this trial discontinued treatment and were lost to follow up. Of the 21 patients who had RECIST defined progression, 14 patients underwent LAT (8 first-line and 6 second-line). Twelve patients had paired pre- and post-osimertinib resistant tumors and three had post-osimertinib resistant tumors available for analysis. Four patients (LAT002, LAT006, LAT014 and LAT021) consented for a rapid autopsy protocol and underwent rapid autopsy after deatH. To elucidate acquired osimertinib resistance mechanisms, we performed whole-exome (WES), targeted sequencing and RNA-seq on 66 tumors and matched germline DNA from tumor tissue obtained from a total of 15 patients.

  Study phs002001

• Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC)

  The ARRA Autism Sequencing Collaboration was created in 2010 bringing together expert large-scale sequencing center (at the Baylor College of Medicine, PI Richard Gibbs and the Board Institute of MIT and Harvard, PI Mark J. Daly) and a collaborative network of research labs focused on the genetics of autism (brought together by the Autism Genome Project and the Autism Consortium). These groups worked together to utilize dramatic new advances in DNA sequencing technology to reveal the genetic architecture of autism through comprehensive examination of the exotic sequence of all genes. The Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) was founded by Joseph D. Buxbaum and colleagues as an international group of scientists who share autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples and genetic data. The PIs are Drs. Joseph D. Buxbaum (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Mark J. Daly (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard), Bernie Devlin (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine), Kathryn Roeder (Carnegie Mellon University, Matthew State and Stephan Sanders (University of California, San Francisco). The rationale for the ASC is described in Buxbaum et al. 2012, and this paper should be cited when referencing the data set. All shared data and analysis is hosted at a single site, which enables joint analysis of large-scale data from many groups. The ASC was first supported by a cooperative agreement grant to four lead sites funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH100233, U01MH100209, U01MH100229, U01MH100239), with additional support from the National Human Genome Research Institute. The NIMH recently renewed their support with a second grant (U01MH111661, U01MH111660, U01MH111658 and U01MH111662) to expand the project from 29,000 genomes to more than 50,000 exomes over the next 5 years. NHGRI provides ongoing sequencing support for the ASD through the Broad Center for Common Disease Genomics (UM1HG008895, Mark Daly, PI).

  Study phs000298

• Gene Environment Association Studies (GENEVA): Genetics of Early Onset Stroke (GEOS) Study

  The Genetics of Early Onset Stroke (GEOS) Study is a population-based case-control study designed to identify genes associated with early-onset ischemic stroke and to characterize interactions of identified stroke genes and/or SNPs with environmental risk factors such as smoking and oral contraceptive use. The GEOS study consists of 921 ischemic stroke cases with age of first stroke 16-50 years and a similar number of controls, identified from the Baltimore-Washington area. Cases and controls were recruited in 3 different time periods: Stroke Prevention in Young Women-1 (SPYW-1) conducted from 1992-1996, Stroke Prevention in Young Women-2 (SPYW-2) conducted from 2001-2003, and Stroke Prevention in Young Men (SPYM) conducted from 2003-2007. The overall GEOS sample includes 477 cases who self-reported their race as "white" and 396 cases who self-reported their race as "African American." Traditional stroke risk factors and other study variables, including age, ethnicity, and history of hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction (MI), current smoking status, and current oral contraceptive use (both defined as use within one month prior to event for cases and at a comparable reference time for controls), were also collected during standardized interview and were included as covariates in our analyses. This study is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative (GENEVA, http://www.genevastudy.org) funded by the trans-NIH Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI). The overarching goal is to identify novel genetic factors that contribute to early-onset ischemic stroke through large-scale genome-wide association studies of cases and controls of European and African descent from the Baltimore-Washington area. Genotyping was performed at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Data cleaning and harmonization were done at the GEI-funded GENEVA Coordinating Center at the University of Washington.

  Study phs000292

• Center for Common Disease Genomics [CCDG] - Cardiovascular: ENGAGE Atrial Fibrillation-TIMI 48

  This study is a part of NHGRI's Center for Common Disease Genomics, which is a collaborative large-scale genome sequencing effort to comprehensively identify rare risk and protective variants contributing to multiple common disease phenotypes. Current estimates anticipate that the CCDG program will sequence approximately 140K whole genomes and 225K whole exomes during the life of the project. The Cardiovascular Disease working group of the CCDG considered five diseases: early-onset coronary artery disease (EOCAD), stroke, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes. Atrial fibrillation will affect between 6-12 million individuals in the US by 2050. AF also is associated with increased risks of stroke, dementia, heart failure, death, and high health care costs. Many risk factors for AF have been identified, including advancing age, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD risk factors. However, there is little knowledge how to prevent AF. Furthermore, therapies for AF are only partially effective, and are themselves associated with substantial morbidity. Previously, heritable forms of AF have been considered rare; yet in the last decade, it has been established that AF, and in particular early-onset forms of AF, are heritable. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a powerful tool to identify common variants underlying disease risk. The AFGen Consortium currently consists of investigators from more than 25 studies with &gt;20,000 individuals with AF and &gt;100,000 without AF. In the latest analyses, 14 loci have been identified for AF1. Broadly, the loci implicate genes related to cardiopulmonary development, cardiac-expressed ion channels, and cell signaling molecules.Source: https://ccdg.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/CCDG_CVD_EOAF_FINAL_w_link.pdfFor this study, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard generated genetic data for 13,667 individuals from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 clinical trial run by Brigham and Women's Hospital TIMI study group using whole exome sequencing and whole genome genotyping (Infinium Global Screening Array); all cases with atrial fibrillation.

  Study phs002774

• POPRES: Population Reference Sample

  POPRES version 1 and 2 Technological and scientific advances, stemming in large part from the Human Genome and HapMap projects, have made large-scale, genome-wide investigations feasible and cost-effective. These advances have the potential to dramatically impact drug discovery and development by identifying genetic factors that contribute to variation in disease risk as well as drug pharmacokinetics, treatment efficacy, and adverse drug reactions. In spite of the technological advancements, successful application in biomedical research would be limited without access to suitable sample collections. To facilitate exploratory genetic research, we have assembled a DNA resource from a large number of subjects participating in multiple studies throughout the world. This resource was initially genotyped using the Affymetrix 500K SNP panel. This project includes nearly 6,000 subjects of African American, East Asian, South Asian, Mexican, and European origin. POPRES version 3 The discovery and development of novel drugs is challenging and with high attrition rates. Selection of the right target and optimal indications for novel therapeutics represent key decision points in this process, and are often hampered by our limited understanding of the biology of the target in humans. Building a robust body of knowledge of variation within drug target genes has in several cases increased the probability of success for novel therapeutics. Our knowledge of variation within drug target genes and their influence on traits of medical interest is still very limited. In an effort to fill this gap, we resequenced the exons of 202 known or suspected drug target genes in over 16,000 well-phenotyped individuals. A total of 863,883 bases were targeted, including 351 kb of coding and 323 kb of untranslated exon regions. The sequenced subjects included 3,381 from two studies that were part of the Population Reference Sample (POPRES) project: CoLaus (N = 2,059) and LOLIPOP (N = 1,322). Genotyping data generated through the targeted next generation sequencing is available through the dbGaP.

  Study phs000145

• Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA)

  The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA): GENOA is one of four research networks that form the NHLBI Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP). From its inception in 1995, GENOA&#39;s long-term objective was to elucidate the genetics of hypertension and its arteriosclerotic target-organ damage, including both atherosclerotic (macrovascular) and arteriolosclerotic (microvascular) complications involving the heart, brain, kidneys, and peripheral arteries. Two GENOA cohorts were originally ascertained (1995-2000) through sibships in which at least 2 siblings had essential hypertension diagnosed prior to age 60 years. All siblings in the sibship were invited to participate, both normotensive and hypertensive. These include non-Hispanic White Americans from Rochester, MN (n =1583 at the 1st exam) and African Americans from Jackson, MS (N=1854 at the 1st exam). During the second exam (2000-2005), approximately 80% of participants were re-recruited. The GENOA data consists of biological samples (DNA, serum, urine) as well as demographic, anthropometric, environmental, clinical, biochemical, physiological, and genetic data for understanding the genetic predictors of diseases of the heart, brain, kidney, and peripheral arteries. Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP): GENOA&#39;s parent program, the FBPP, is an unprecedented collaboration to identify genes influencing blood pressure (BP) levels, hypertension, and its target-organ damage. This program has conducted over 21,000 physical examinations, assembled a shared database of several hundred BP and hypertension-related phenotypic measurements, completed genome-wide linkage analyses for BP, hypertension, and hypertension associated risk factors and complications, and published over 130 manuscripts on program findings. The FBPP emerged from what was initially funded as four independent networks of investigators (HyperGEN, GenNet, SAPPHIRe and GENOA) competing to identify genetic determinants of hypertension in multiple ethnic groups. Realizing the greater likelihood of success through collaboration, the investigators began working together during the first funding cycle (1995-2000) and formalized this arrangement in the second cycle (2000-2005), creating a single confederation with program-wide and network-specific goals.

  Study phs000379

• A Scalable, GMP-Compatible, Autologous Organotypic Cell Therapy for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

  Gene editing in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been hailed for enabling new cell therapies for various monogenetic diseases including dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). However, manufacturing, efficacy, and safety roadblocks have limited the development of genetically corrected, autologous iPS cell-based therapies. Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Cell Therapy (DEBCT), is a new generation, Good Manufacturing Practice-compatible (cGMP), reproducible, and scalable platform to produce autologous clinical-grade iPS cell-derived organotypic induced skin composite (iSC) grafts to treat incurable wounds of patients lacking type VII collagen (C7). DEBCT uses a single step, combined, high-efficiency reprogramming, and CRISPR-based genetic correction to generate genome scar-free, COL7A1 corrected clonal iPS cells from primary patient fibroblasts. Validated iPS cells are converted into epidermal, dermal, and melanocyte progenitors with a novel 2D organoid differentiation protocol, followed by CD49f enrichment and expansion to minimize maturation heterogeneity. iSC product characterization by single cell transcriptomics was followed by mouse xenografting for disease correcting activity at 1 month and toxicology analysis at 1-6 months. Culture-acquired mutations, potential CRISPR-off target effects, and cancer-driver variants were evaluated by targeted and whole genome sequencing. iPS cell-derived iSC grafts were reproducibly generated from four recessive DEB patients with different pathogenic mutations. Organotypic iSC grafts onto immune-compromised mice developed into stable stratified skin with functional C7 restoration. Single cell transcriptomic characterization of iSCs revealed prominent holoclone stem cell signatures in keratinocytes and the recently described Gibbin-dependent signature in dermal fibroblasts. The latter correlated with enhanced graftability. Multiple orthogonal sequencing and subsequent computational approaches identified random and non-oncogenic mutations introduced by the manufacturing process. Toxicology revealed no detectable tumors after 3-6 months in DEBCT-treated mice. In conclusion, DEBCT successfully overcomes previous roadblocks and establishes a robust, scalable, and safe cGMP manufacturing platform for the production of a CRISPR-corrected autologous organotypic skin graft to heal DEB patient wounds.

  Study phs003271