16758 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

in 20.19 milliseconds.

• RNA Transcriptomic and DNA Methylation Landscape in FTLD-TDP and Controls

  Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is one of the leading causes of dementia in individuals younger than 65 years, with the aggregation of TDP-43 as one of the most common forms of FTLD. FTLD-TDP is clinically, genetically and pathologically heterogeneous, with GRN and C9orf72 as the most common genetic forms (although more than 50% of the cases are genetically unexplained), and A, B and C as the most common pathological subtypes. To investigate the molecular differences between the different forms of FTLD-TDP, we performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) from different brain regions of FTLD-TDP patients and controls. The RNAseq dataset includes samples from the frontal cortex of 149 individuals, comprising 127 FTLD-TDP cases (genetically unexplained types A (27), B (20) and C (22), 24 GRN mutation carriers, and 34 C9orf72 expansion carriers) and 22 controls. The RRBS dataset includes samples from the frontal cortex of 158 individuals —119 FTLD-TDP cases (genetically unexplained types A (25), B (24), and C (25), 20 GRN mutation carriers, and 25 C9orf72 expansion carriers) and 39 controls; and from the cerebellum of 151 individuals —113 FTLD-TDP cases (genetically unexplained types A (24), B (21), and C (23), 20 GRN mutation carriers, and 25 C9orf72 expansion carriers) and 38 controls. In total, the study consists of data from 183 unique individuals, with some overlap across the different datasets.

  Study phs004075

• Rb and p53-Deficient Myxofibrosarcoma and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Require Skp2 for Survival

  Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) are highly genetically complex soft tissue sarcomas. Up to 50% of patients develop distant metastases, but current systemic therapies have limited efficacy. MFS and UPS have recently been shown to commonly harbor copy number alterations or mutations in the tumor suppressor genes RB1 and TP53. As these alterations have been shown to engender dependence on the oncogenic protein Skp2 for survival of transformed cells in mouse models, we sought to examine its function and potential as a therapeutic target in MFS/UPS. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that a significant fraction of MFS and UPS patient samples (n=94) harbor chromosomal deletions and/or loss-of-function mutations in RB1 and TP53 (88% carry alterations in at least one gene; 60% carry alterations in both). Tissue microarray (TMA) analysis identified a correlation between absent Rb and p53 expression and positive expression of SKP2. Downregulation of SKP2 or treatment with Skp2 Inhibitor C1 revealed that Skp2 drives proliferation of patient-derived MFS/UPS cell lines deficient in both Rb and p53 by degrading p21 and p27. Inhibition of Skp2 using the neddylation-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor pevonedistat decreased growth of Rb/p53-negative patient-derived cell lines and mouse xenografts. These results demonstrate that loss of both Rb and p53 renders MFS and UPS dependent on Skp2, which can be therapeutically exploited and could provide the basis for promising novel systemic therapies for MFS and UPS.

  Study phs001982

• VCRC - Giant Cell Arteritis Longitudinal Study

  The development and validation of accurate biological markers and predictors of disease activity and outcome for Giant Cell Arteritis, a form of idiopathic vasculitis, would have a major positive impact on the clinical care of patients with this rare disease, be an important insight into the design of clinical trials and feasibility of new drug development, and provide important insight into the pathogenesis of this condition. Current measures of disease activity, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), while helpful in selected settings, are mostly considered highly flawed and markers whose poor correlation with disease flares makes them inadequate to help guide therapy. Similarly, ESR and CRP are clearly unhelpful as diagnostic tests for vasculitis. The current state of clinical investigation for vasculitis relies heavily upon determination of disease status solely by clinical presentation and investigator opinion. Thus, discovery and validation of more precise markers that quantifiably measure activity, predict disease course, and correlate with an important biological process, would be of great importance. Knowledge to be gained from this study could potentially be highly important. Discovery of effective biomarkers of vasculitis and assessment of long term disease course and complications by the collection of clinical and diagnostic imaging studies proposed could lead to better care and less toxic treatment regimens. Furthermore, insight into the pathophysiology of vasculitis could be gained and this might lead to better treatments and improved outcomes in terms of reduction of vascular and treatment related complications. Ideally, excellent biomarkers reflect a sophisticated understanding of the pathophysiology of a disease.

  Study phs000588

• Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium (VCRC) Longitudinal Protocol for Polyarteritis Nodosa

  The development and validation of accurate biological markers and predictors of disease activity and outcome in Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN), a form a idiopathic vasculitis, would have a major positive impact on the clinical care of patients with this rare disease, be an important advance in the design of clinical trials and feasibility of new drug development, and provide important insight into the pathogenesis of this condition. Current measures of disease activity, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), while helpful in selected settings, are mostly considered highly flawed and markers whose poor correlation with disease flares makes them inadequate to help guide therapy. Similarly, ESR and CRP are clearly unhelpful as diagnostic tests for vasculitis. The current state of clinical investigation for vasculitis relies heavily upon determination of disease status solely by clinical presentation and investigator opinion. Thus, discovery and validation of more precise markers that quantifiably measure activity, predict disease course, and correlate with an important biological process, would be of great importance. Knowledge to be gained from this study could potentially be highly important. Discovery of effective biomarkers of vasculitis and assessment of long term disease course and complications by the collection of clinical and diagnostic imaging studies proposed could lead to better care and less toxic treatment regimens. Furthermore, insight into the pathophysiology of vasculitis could be gained and this might lead to better treatments and improved outcomes in terms of reduction of vascular and treatment related complications. Ideally, excellent biomarkers reflect a sophisticated understanding of the pathophysiology of a disease.

  Study phs000590

• Global Endometrial DNA Methylation Analysis Reveals Insights into mQTL Regulation and Associated Endometriosis Disease Risk and Endometrial Function

  Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder affecting 11% of reproductive aged women and is a leading cause of pain and infertility. We investigated global DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles in endometrium associated with endometriosis, menstruation, and genetic variation. Endometrial samples were collected from 984 patients with confirmed endometriosis (n=637) and women without endometriosis (n=347). Patients were recruited through the University of California San Francisco, USA, University of Melbourne, Australia, Endometriosis CaRe Centre in Oxford, UK, and EXPPECT Centre, The University of Edinburgh, UK, using the World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonization Project (WERF EPHect) standardized protocols for tissue collection and processing, and participant characteristics and clinical annotation. DNA was extracted from samples and was use to generate DNAm data using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC Beadchip and genotype data using the Axiom Precision Medicine Research array. Estimates from this study suggest that 15.4% of the variation in endometriosis is captured by DNAm. DNAm analysis identified significant differences in DNAm profiles and DNAm networks, associated with endometriosis, endometriosis sub-phenotypes, and menstrual cycle phases. Integration of DNAm and genetic data in a DNAm quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis identified 118,185 independent cis-mQTLs including 51 associated with risk of endometriosis highlighting target genes contributing to disease risk. This study identified novel factors affecting epigenetic regulation in endometrium associated with endometriosis risk and disease heterogeneity and provides an important data resource for reproductive medicine. Genotype data generated as part of this study are available on dbGaP and methylation data are available on GEO.

  Study phs003307

• NHLBI TOPMed: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)

  CARDIA is a study examining the etiology and natural history of cardiovascular disease beginning in young adulthood. In 1985-1986, a cohort of 5115 healthy black and white men and women, aged 18-30 years, were selected to have approximately the same number of people in subgroups of age (18-24 and 25-30), sex, race, and education (high school or less, and more than high school) within each of four US Field Centers. These same participants were asked to participate in follow-up examinations during 1987-1988 (Year 2), 1990-1991 (Year 5), 1992-1993 (Year 7), 1995-1996 (Year 10), 2000-2001 (Year 15), 2005-2006 (Year 20), 2010-2011 (Year 25) and 2015-2016 (Year 30). In addition to the follow-up examinations, participants are contacted regularly for the ascertainment of information on out-patient procedures and hospitalizations experienced between contacts. Within the past five years, 95% of the original surviving cohort has been contacted. While the specifics of each examination have differed somewhat, data have been collected on a variety of factors believed to be related to heart disease. These include conditions with clear links to heart disease, such as blood pressure, cholesterol and other lipids. Data have also been collected on physical measurements, such as weight and skinfold fat, as well as lifestyle factors such as substance use (tobacco and alcohol), dietary and exercise patterns, behavioral and psychological variables, medical and family history, and other chemistries (e.g., insulin and glucose). In addition, subclinical atherosclerosis was measured via echocardiography during Years 5, 10, and 25, computed tomography during Years 15 and 20, and carotid ultrasound during Year 20.Comprehensive phenotypic data for study participants are available through dbGaP phs000285.

  Study phs001612

• A molecular cell atlas of the human lung from single cell RNA sequencing

  Although single cell RNA sequencing studies have begun providing compendia of cell expression profiles, it has proven more difficult to systematically identify and localize all molecular cell types in individual organs to create a full molecular cell atlas. Here we describe droplet- and plate-based single cell RNA sequencing applied to ~75,000 human lung and blood cells, combined with a multi-pronged cell annotation approach, which have allowed us to define the gene expression profiles and anatomical locations of 58 cell populations in the human lung, including 41 of 45 previously known cell types or subtypes and 14 new ones. This comprehensive molecular atlas elucidates the biochemical functions of lung cell types and the cell-selective transcription factors and optimal markers for making and monitoring them; defines the cell targets of circulating hormones and predicts local signaling interactions including sources and targets of chemokines in immune cell trafficking and expression changes on lung homing; and identifies the cell types directly affected by lung disease genes and respiratory viruses. Comparison to mouse identified 17 molecular types that appear to have been gained or lost during lung evolution and others whose expression profiles have been substantially altered, revealing extensive plasticity of cell types and cell-type-specific gene expression during organ evolution including expression switches between cell types. This atlas provides the molecular foundation for investigating how lung cell identities, functions, and interactions are achieved in development and tissue engineering and altered in disease and evolution.

  Study EGAS00001004344

• Integrative analysis of exome-seq, RNA-seq, ATAC-seq (bulk and single-cell), and Hi-C data generated from 3-D spatially mapped samples acquired during surgical resection from 10 patients diagnosed with IDH-WT glioblastoma

  Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain cancer in adults, remains incurable with no targeted therapies approved despite decades of investigation into its molecular landscape. Treatment failure is attributed to intratumoral heterogeneity in the GBM genome and epigenome, which foster tumor evolution and selection of resistant clones. However, tumor evolution and intratumoral heterogeneity remain poorly understood on the level of the whole tumor as most studies are based on single samples per patient and lack spatial context. Here, we have used 3-D neuronavigation during surgical resection for 10 primary IDH-WT GBM patients to collect 102 samples representing maximal tumor diversity, each mapped by 3-D spatial coordinates. We have applied a strategic set of genomic and epigenomic assays spanning multiple levels of resolution to discover, orthogonally validate, and functionally assess drivers of tumor evolution and intratumoral heterogeneity. These include extrachromosomal DNA amplifications, chromothripsis events, inversions, and translocations that disrupt both the GBM genome and epigenome while generating fusion transcripts and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. We define epigenomic programs that contribute to GBM evolution and intratumoral heterogeneity, revealing their 3-D spatial patterning within whole tumors and their cell type(s) of origin in single-cell data from the same tumor samples. Notably, we distinguish neuronal, glial, and immune programs aberrantly active in tumor cells from their counterparts in normal cells and discover NEUROD1, JUN/FOS, and NF1 transcription factors as key drivers of GBM evolution and growth. Collectively, these data provide unprecedented insight into GBM evolution and intratumoral heterogeneity from single-cell to whole-tumor resolution, redefining current understanding and providing a rich resource of targets for therapeutic investigation.

  Study EGAS00001006785

• Adult Eosinophilic Esophagitis Registry Atlas

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) arises in the setting of type 2 cytokine-driven inflammation, is characterized by the infiltration of eosinophils in the esophageal mucosa, and is associated with dysphagia and fibrostenotic complications. Disease development and progression involve complex interactions between epithelial cells, stromal cells and immune cells. Indeed, increased epithelial permeability is consistently found in EoE, potentially leading to increased antigen exposure and inflammation. Persistent inflammation can in turn lead to fibroblast activation and fibrosis, which, together with the mediators produced by eosinophils and mast cells, leads to dysmotility. To decipher the interactions between these cell types across distinct disease states, we obtained biopsies from 7 healthy controls and 15 EoE subjects, including both active disease and clinical remission, to perform single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq).Each biopsy sample was enzymatically digested within 3 hours of collection with collagenase/dispase to generate a single cell suspension. Suspensions were then loaded on a 10x Chromium controller, and libraries were generated with the 3' Chemistry pipeline (v2 or v3) before sequencing on an Illumina sequencer. The resulting sequence data was demultiplexed and analyzed with the CellRanger pipeline to generate raw fastq files and processed gene-count matrices for each sample. Altogether, our study generated transcriptomic profiles from 421,312 individual cells after quality control and filtering.Our analyses reveal 60 cell subsets and functional alterations in cell states, compositions, and interactions that highlight previously unknown features of EoE. Active disease displayed enrichment of ALOX15+ macrophages, novel PRDM16+ dendritic cells expressing the EoE risk gene ATP10A, and cycling mast cells, with concomitant reduction of TH17 cells. Receptor–ligand expression uncovered eosinophil recruitment programs, increased fibroblast interactions in disease, and IL-9+IL-4+IL-13+TH2 and endothelial cells as potential mast cell interactors. Resolution of inflammation-associated signatures included mast and CD4+ Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell contraction and cell type-specific downregulation of eosinophil chemoattractant, growth, and survival factors.

  Study phs003574

• Myelofibrosis Etiology and Transplant Outcomes

  The Myelofibrosis Etiology and Transplant Outcomes study is a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). The study aims to identify genomic factors affecting myelofibrosis pathogenesis and prognosis.

  Study phs002635

• CSER: Genomic Sequencing to Aid Diagnosis in Pediatric and Prenatal Practice: Examining Clinical Utility, Ethical Implications, Payer Coverage, and Data Integration in a Diverse Population

  Congenital abnormalities and developmental disorders affect 3-5% of live born infants and children. Despite advances in both pre- and post-natal treatment, the utility of genetic testing in diagnosing the etiology underlying such conditions in order to guide management has been frustratingly limited. Traditional genetic testing with specific gene tests, or even gene panels, is diagnostic in only a small percentage of cases. Recent technological advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have led to the ability to sequence and interpret the entire exome relatively quickly, allowing a diagnosis in 25-30% or more of cases of developmental disorders when other genetic tests have not yielded a result. Although whole exome sequencing (WES) holds great promise for improved diagnosis leading to better clinical outcomes, challenges remain in determining how best to apply and utilize sequence data. Fulfilling the promise of WES also requires investigation of ELSI (ethical, legal, social) concerns, given skepticism in some communities that research will benefit them; economic considerations that ultimately determine access to and equitable use of WES; and a need to share clinical genetic results with families and across health care systems to enable better prognostication and management of rare conditions in community settings. We propose a Program in Prenatal and Pediatric Genomic Sequencing (P3EGS) at UCSF to examine the diagnostic and clinical utility of WES. P3EGS will recruit and study affected individuals and their parents, including pregnancies in which the fetus has a confirmed structural anomaly and children with previously undiagnosed developmental disorders that are likely of genetic etiology. Following consent and collection of standardized phenotypic data, the families will undergo WES as part of clinical care. To achieve diversity, patient ascertainment and recruitment will occur at four UCSF sites that serve a broad range of underrepresented minorities (target of 75%) and span the full socio-economic spectrum, including the underserved. Our specific aims will: 1) examine the clinical utility of WES, including assessment of a variety of health-related and reproductive outcomes, in undiagnosed individuals; 2) address ethical, social and economic issues in the delivery of genomic sequencing results to ancestrally and economically diverse populations through (2.1) a mixed methods, longitudinal empirical study of clinical interactions and experiences, (2.2) an economic analysis of insurance coverage, price and reimbursement of multigene tests, and (2.3) creation of an Ethics Advisory Board to respond to emerging issues and establishment of authentic stakeholder engagement; and 3) pilot a user-friendly web-based patient/provider application integrating genomic and clinical data as a shared evidence base to support result communication, interpretation and clinical decision making; the application will be based on the “Bioscreen” model created and successfully implemented at UCSF.

  Study phs002324

• Combined Tumor and Immune Signals From Genomes or Transcriptomes Predict Outcomes of Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma

  Cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade (CPB) leads to improved outcomes in melanoma and other tumor types, but a majority of patients do not respond. High tumor mutation burden (TMB) and high levels of tumor-infiltrating T cells have been associated with response to immunotherapy, and integrative models using DNA and RNA have improved predictions of clinical benefit. However, identification of immune and tumor-intrinsic features in models using DNA or RNA alone have not been comprehensively explored in melanoma. In this study, we sequenced DNA and RNA of tumors from 67 melanoma patients receiving CPB, and aggregated this cohort with previously published data, yielding whole exome sequencing (WES) data for 189 patients and bulk RNA sequencing data for 178 patients. Using these datasets, we derived genomic and transcriptomic factors that predict overall survival (OS) and response to immunotherapy. Using whole exome DNA data alone, we calculated T cell burden (TCB) and B cell burden (BCB) based on rearranged TCR/Ig DNA sequences, and found that melanoma patients with high TMB and either high TCB or high BCB survived longer and had higher response rates, as compared to patients with low TMB and either low TCB or low BCB. Next, using bulk RNA-Seq data, differential expression analysis identified 83 genes which are associated with high or low OS. By combining pairs of immune-expressed genes with tumor-expressed genes, we identified three gene pairs which are associated with response and survival (Bonferroni P<0.05). All three gene pair models were validated in an independent cohort (n=180) (Bonferroni P<0.05). The best performing gene pair model included the lymphocyte-expressed MAP4K1 (Gene ID: 11184) and the transcription factor TBX3 (Gene ID: 6926) which is overexpressed in poorly differentiated melanomas. We concluded that RNA-based (MAP4K1 and TBX3) or DNA-based (TCB and TMB) models combining with immune and tumor measures improve predictions of outcome after checkpoint blockade in melanoma.

  Study phs002683

• Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE): Causal Variants Across the Life Course (CALiCo): Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)

  CALiCo CARDIA The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study is a study examining how heart disease develops in adults. It began in 1986 with a group of 5115 black and white men and women aged 18-30 years. The participants were selected so that there would be approximately the same number of people in subgroups of race, gender, education (high school or less and more than high school) and age (18-24 and 25-30) in Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA. These same participants were asked to participate in follow-up examinations during 1987-1988 (Year 2), 1990-1991 (Year 5), 1992-1993 (Year 7), 1995-1996 (Year 10), 2000-2001 (Year 15), and 2005-2006 (Year 20). A majority of the group has been examined at each of the follow-up examinations (90%, 86%, 81%, 79%, 74%, and 72%, respectively). While the specifics of each examination has differed somewhat, data have been collected on a variety of factors believed to be related to heart disease. These include conditions with clear links to heart disease such as blood pressure, cholesterol and other lipids. Data have also been collected on physical measurements such as weight and skinfold fat as well as lifestyle factors such as substance use (tobacco and alcohol), dietary and exercise patterns, behavioral and psychological variables, medical and family history, and other chemistries (e.g., insulin and glucose). In addition, subclinical atherosclerosis was measured via echocardiography during Years 5 and 10, computed tomography during Years 15 and 20, and carotid ultrasound during Year 20. A detailed description of the study and results from the first examination are summarized in Cutter et al (Controlled Clinical Trials, Volume 12, Number 1 [supplement], pages 1S-77S, 1991).

  Study phs000236

• Genomic and Immune Profiling of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases

  Previous work has shown that breast cancer brain metastases (BCBrM) can have unique molecular profiles compared to extracranial tumors (ECTs), resulting in some patients demonstrating subtype switching between primary/extracranial tumors and brain metastases. Description of the biology of BCBrM and associations between biological features and clinical outcomes, particularly between molecular intrinsic subtypes, will facilitate the design of rational therapies for patients with BCBrM. To better characterize the molecular profiles of BCBrM, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) and total RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on BCBrM tissues, regardless of clinical or molecular subtype, obtained from a cohort of 42 patients from Duke University Medical Center. This cohort adds valuable patient samples to the field and enables strengthened investigation of somatic mutations, copy number alterations, gene expression profiles, and immune populations within and between BCBrM patients and other similar cohorts. The Duke BCBrM cohort includes clinical and molecular annotation of the 42 patient specimens and their associated WES and RNA-Seq data. Clinical and molecular (PAM50) intrinsic subtypes in ECTs and brain metastases were largely concordant within patients. There were observed differences in intrinsic subtype calls between frozen and FFPE specimens of the same tissue, with discordance mostly observed with LumB calls. Copy number alterations in chromosomal regions included clinically relevant genes, and somatic alterations were largely conserved within patients across matched samples, with few genes, including TP53, being recurrently altered in the majority of patient specimens. In matched FFPE brain metastasis and ECT samples, we observed differentially expressed genes and pathways that had increased or decreased expression in brain metastasis, including in oxidative phosphorylation and DNA repair. Survival outcomes for patients differed by intrinsic molecular subtypes, with some association between expression of select gene pathways and survival. Data available through dbGaP will be the sequencing data and sample attributes from BCBrM tissues obtained from 42 patients from Duke University Medical Center.

  Study phs003673

• Addictions: Genotypes, Polymorphisms, and Function/Human Genetic Correlates of Addictive Diseases

  Drug addiction continues to be a major medical and social problem. It is estimated that one million or more persons in the United States are currently addicted to heroin or prescription opioids, with millions more worldwide. Cocaine addiction and alcohol dependence are frequent comorbid conditions in persons with heroin/opioid dependence in addition to being major primary addictions. Many studies over the past thirty years have shown that these drugs disrupt physiologic systems, and that these disruptions may contribute to drug addiction and alcohol dependence and to relapse to drug or alcohol abuse following withdrawal and abstinence. Clinical observations suggest that individuals differ in their response to heroin, cocaine, and alcohol; however, little is known about specific underlying hereditary genetic factors which might influence individual susceptibility to the addictive properties of these substances. Studies also suggest that both common and distinct heritable factors account for the genetic variance in the susceptibility to the separate addictive diseases. We hypothesize that there is a heritable as well as environmental basis for the acquisition and persistence of, and relapse to, specific addictive diseases. Using samples from individuals without and with opioid and other specific drug dependence diagnoses and psychiatric comorbidities, genetic analyses will be used to determine association and linkage. All study subjects will be extensively characterized with respect to the addictive diseases, medical history, family medical addictive disease history; psychiatric comorbidity, and psychological profile, as well as ethnic/cultural background. A better understanding of the consequences of genetic contributions with respect to protection from, or susceptibility to, heroin/opioid addiction and related codependencies and comorbid conditions, could have enormous importance in both prevention and treatment of this problem.

  Study phs001109

• Research in Adaptive Interests, Skills, and Environment

  The Research on Adaptive Interest, Skills, and Environments (RAISE) project is a coordinated set of pilot studies funded and otherwise supported by the Center for the Study of Adolescent Risk and Resilience (C-StARR) at Duke University. The initial data collection effort (Adolescent T1; 2015; NAHDAP 100737) was conducted by telephone and focused on self-regulation and related skills during early adolescence and their role in early instances of health risk behavior. The survey was comprised of brief measures of constructs in six areas of interest to C-StARR investigators: (1) background and home environment; (2) self-regulation and personality; (3) physical and mental health; (4) problem behaviors; (5) academics and school; and (6) technology use. The representative sample of 2104 adolescents was drawn from the population of fifth through eighth graders enrolled in North Carolina public schools during the 2014-2015 school year.In 2016, a subsample of 395 participants from the Adolescent T1 survey (selected on the basis of having resided within 100 miles of study personnel hubs in Durham, North Carolina and Sylva, North Carolina) participated in an additional home visit study that involved the collection of biological data and measures of cognitive ability and executive functioning. The molecular data made available to dbGaP were obtained from saliva samples that were collected (a) in person from 377 of 395 home visit study participants and (b) by mail from 60 participants who had participated in the Adolescent T1 survey but had not participated in the home visit study. The resulting data file was imputed to a 1000G phase 3 panel and is comprised of N = 437 individuals and 7,193,135 markers after filtering. Data were filtered with MAF ≥ 0.01, HWE p-value > 10-6, and genotype rate > 95%.

  Study phs003982

• H3Africa - Genomic Characterization and Surveillance of Microbial Threats in West Africa

  Viral diseases are remarkably heterogeneous in their presentation and clinical course. Although diseases such as Lassa Fever and Ebola Virus Disease are thought to be severe and rapidly fatal, they can often present with mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic. Host genetic variability is likely an important mediator of this heterogeneity. Complete characterization of the clinical, laboratory, and host genetic features of these illnesses is not only imperative to rapid diagnosis and effective clinical care, but also important for further scientific study. In this project, we propose to address this need through deep characterization of the clinical and laboratory features of viral disease and through study of genetic mediators of resistance to Lassa Fever and Ebola Virus Disease. Will carry out deep clinical characterization and laboratory assessment of viral febrile cases at two West African Collaborative Centers, and will use this data to develop prognostic models using cutting-edge tools in exploratory data visualization and machine learning. Investigate host genetic factors of Lassa Fever and Ebola Virus Disease through genome-wide association studies. We will then develop field-deployable genotyping assays for the top-associated variants, and apply them in new cohorts to replicate our findings and investigate patterns of genetic resistance in clinical subgroups. This project can shed light on the clinical manifestations of viral illness and their host genetic mediators, leading to potential new insights in disease biology and pathophysiology. We will also create a rich resource of clinical, laboratory, and genetic data for these illnesses in two countries in West Africa, which will serve as a foundation for advancing the clinical care and scientific study of viral disease in the region.

  Study EGAS00001007250

• Integrated Genomic, Epigenetic, and Expression Analyses of Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

  Epithelial ovarian carcinoma of all subtypes has one of the worst outcomes of any human cancer. To improve our understanding of underlying biology and therapeutic possibilities in this disease, we performed whole genome sequencing, methylation, and expression analyses of a comprehensive set of 47 ovarian cancer cell lines representing different histologic tumor subtypes. Given the challenges of genomic analyses in tumors without matched normal samples, we developed novel approaches for detection of somatic alterations and used these to identify sequence, copy number, and rearrangement changes and integrated these with genome-wide epigenetic and expression alterations. Ovarian cancer cell lines had molecular changes in genes involved in cell cycle, PI3K, RAS, BRCA, chromatin regulating, and p53 pathways, and displayed global mutation and methylation changes similar to primary ovarian carcinoma. We identified alterations not previously implicated in ovarian cancer including amplification or overexpression of ASXL1 and H3F3B, deletion or underexpression of CDC73 and members of the TGF beta receptor pathway, including TGFBR2, SMAD3 and SMAD4, in-frame rearrangements of YAP1-MAML2 and IKZF2-ERBB4, and fusions involving MET, NF1, FBXW7 and CCND1. Integrating cell line alterations with dose-response data using three targeted therapies revealed novel molecular dependencies, including increased sensitivity of tumors with PIK3CA and PPP2R1A alterations to PI3K inhibitor GNE-493, those with MYC amplifications to PARP inhibitor BMN673, and SMAD4 alterations to MEK inhibitor MEK162. Genome-wide analyses revealed intrachromosomal rearrangements as an improved measure of sensitivity to PARP inhibition compared to the homologous recombination defect (HRD) score. This study provides a comprehensive resource of molecular information for ovarian cancer cell line models and a pharmacogenomic platform for developing rational cancer therapeutic strategies.

  Study EGAS00001002998

• Study of the rare and low frequency variants in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean population

  The Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) region is located in northeastern Quebec and is known for its unique demographic history and founder effect. Since founder populations are enriched with population-specific variants, we characterized the variants distribution in SLSJ and compared it with four European populations (Finnish, Sweden, United Kingdom and France), of which the Finnish population is another founder population. Targeted sequencing of the coding and non-coding immune regulatory regions of the SLSJ asthma familial cohort and the four European populations were performed. Rare and low-frequency coding and noncoding regulatory variants identified in the SLSJ population were then investigated for variant- and gene-level associations with asthma and allergy related-traits (eosinophil percentage, immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels and lung function). Our data showed that (1) rare or deleterious variants were not enriched in the two founder populations as compared to the three non-founder European populations; (2) a larger proportion of founder population-specific variants occurred with higher frequencies; and (3) low-frequency variants appeared to be more deleterious. Furthermore, a rare variant, rs1386931, located in the 3’UTR of CXCR6 and intron of FYCO1 was found to be associated with eosinophil percentage. Gene-based analyses identified NRP2, MRPL44 and SERPINE2 to be associated with various asthma and allergy related traits. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of using a founder population to identify new genes associated with asthma and allergy-related traits; thus better understand the genes and pathways implicated in pathophysiology.

  Study EGAS00001003103

• MAP Kinase-Mutant Hematologic Malignancies and Their Therapeutic Resistance

  The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has been critically important in understanding pathology and developing targeted therapy for many cancers, but high frequency mutations in this pathway in hematopoietic malignancies were unknown until a series of sequencing studies from our group and others revealed a high frequency of activating mutations in BRAF (GeneID:673), MAP2K1 (GeneID:5604), and other key components of the MAPK pathway in two groups of rare and poorly studied blood cancers: hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and the systemic histiocytoses (SH). Although HCL and the SH both share common gene mutations in BRAF (BRAFV600E) and MAP2K1, these are distinct blood cancers with different clinical behaviors; however, their actual developmental cellular origins, genomic, and pathogenic differences are poorly understood, which led to our project goal of determining how BRAFV600E, MAP2K1, and other MAPK pathway mutations contribute to the pathogenesis of distinct blood cancers and affect their clinical responses to MAPK pathway inhibitors. This study proposal seeks to advance our understanding of the actual cells of origin of cancer-causing MAPK mutations in HCL and the SH, to determine why BRAFV600E and MAP2K1 mutations can cause two distinct blood cancers, and to understand how these mutations in HCL and SH influence responses to MAPK pathway inhibitor drugs and other receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors such as RET and ALK inhibitors that could potentially become effective therapy for these poorly understood blood cancers.

  Study phs001864

• OncoArray: Follow-up of Ovarian Cancer Genetic Association and Interaction Studies (FOCI)

  The Follow-up of Ovarian Cancer Genetic Association and Interaction Studies (FOCI) was one of five projects funded in 2010 as part of the NCI's Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON) initiative (http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/gameon/). FOCI represents a collective effort that builds upon the strengths and history of collaboration inherent in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC), a multidisciplinary group comprised of epidemiologists, genetic epidemiologists, statistical geneticists, molecular and cell biologists and clinicians that was formed in 2005. The other four funded GAME-ON projects were: the ColoRectal TransdisciplinaryStudy (CORECT), Elucidating Loci Involved in Prostate Cancer Susceptibility (ELLIPSE), Discovery, Biology, and Risk of Inherited Variants in Breast Cancer (DRIVE), and Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung (TRICL). As part of our aim to discover, expand, and replicate ovarian cancer susceptibility loci, the GAME-ON projects and other consortia formed the OncoArray network (http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/oncoarray/) to develop and genotype a new custom genotyping array in large numbers of cancer cases and controls (over 400,000 samples) across multiple cancer types. The FOCI data includes over 50,000 ovarian cancer cases and controls genotyped with the Oncoarray at the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Genotype calling and quality control procedures were performed under a standardized protocol across the Oncoarray consortium, and over 490,000 SNPs passed QC and are included under this dbGaP submission.

  Study phs001882

• Preeclampsia InterPregGen Consortium: Whole Genome Sequencing of 100 unrelated Kazakhs (DNA samples from the Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Gulnara Svyatova, Principal Investigator

  Preeclampsia (PE) is a syndrome affecting pregnant mothers and fetus/babies characterised by hypertension and proteinuria, and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal death and of premature births worldwide. The InterPregGen Consortium was funded by a European Framework 7 (FP7) grant and grew out of the WTCCC3 GWAS comparing ~2000 UK PE mothers with ~6000 common UK controls. The EGAS00001000417 study data is whole genome sequencing of 100 unrelated Kazakhs in order to impute genotypes into PE cases and controls from Kazakhstan and to provide genetic data and infrastructure for future genetic studies in Kazakhstan and Central Asia more generally and to fill a gap in worldwide information as Central Asia is not adequately represented in available genomic data. This study is one component of the InterPregGen FP7 project. DNA samples for this component were collected by InterPregGen Consortium collaborators at the Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (Gulnara Svyatova, Principal Investigator)

  Study EGAS00001000417

• Monosomy 7 delineates a primitive acute myeloid leukemia with adverse prognosis and responsiveness to epigenetic therapy

  The mechanistic basis for adverse risk associated with monosomy 7 remains undetermined in AML. In contrast to del(7q), monosomy 7 conferred adverse prognosis independent of TP53 and complex karyotype. Single-cell RNA and ATAC-seq revealed an epigenetically remodeled landscape and expansion of multipotent progenitor (MPP)-like cells. Monosomy 7 derived progenitors were distinguished by reduced chromatin accessibility and expression of STK17A and NT5C3A, which conferred resistance to cytotoxic and venetoclax-based therapy. To circumvent resistance mediated by monosomy 7 and deficient TP53, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) effectively restored apoptotic potential and augmented the activity of venetoclax. In a randomized clinical trial including older unfit patients with AML and monosomy 7, responses were observed in the majority that received low-dose cytarabine, venetoclax and the HDACi pracinostat, some with durable remissions exceeding 3 years. Longitudinal studies highlighted diminution of MPP-like cells, linking epigenetic remodeling to clinical response and therapeutic vulnerability of monosomy 7 AML.

  Study EGAS50000001641

• Methylome sequencing of cell-free DNA and RRBS of solid tissue

  Early cancer detection by cell-free DNA (cfDNA) faces multiple challenges: low fraction of tumor cfDNA, molecular heterogeneity of cancer, and sample sizes not sufficient to reflect diverse patient population. We develop a cancer detection approach to address these challenges. It consists of an assay, cfMethyl-Seq, for cost-effective sequencing of cfDNA methylome (with >12-fold enrichment over whole genome bisulfite sequencing in CpG islands), and a computational method to extract methylation information and diagnose patients. Applying our system to 408 colon, liver, lung, and stomach cancer patients and controls, at 97.9% specificity we achieve 80.7% and 74.5% sensitivity in detecting all-stage and early-stage cancer, and 89.1% and 85.0% accuracy for locating tissue-of-origin of all-stage and early-stage cancer, respectively. Our approach cost-effectively retains methylome profiles of cancer abnormalities, thereby permitting the classification models to learn new features as training cohorts grow, and expanding their scope to other cancer types.

  Study EGAS00001006020

• Immunoprotective mechanisms and microbiota interplay in Salmonella Typhi infection

  Vaccine development against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) requires a better understanding of interaction between human host and the resident microbial consortia in gastrointestinal tract. Healthy adult volunteers received either Ty21a, M01ZH09 or placebo, and underwent challenges with wt S. Typhi. Stool samples were collected at the screening interview (Baseline 1), prior to the first vaccination visit (Baseline 2), during vaccination (Day -28 and -26 for placebo and M01ZH09 groups; Day -32, -30, -28, -26 for Ty21a group), prior to challenge with S. Typhi (Day 0), and after challenge (day 0 12h, day 1, day 3, day 7, and day 10). 16S rRNA and messenger RNA were extracted from stool and sequenced on the Illumina Miseq and HiSeq 2000 platforms, respectively.

  Study phs001521