15342 results for "Buy fc 26 coins Buyfc26coins.com is EA Sports official for FC 26 coins All coins were delivered very promptly..EDvG"

in 40.79 milliseconds.

• Profiling_molecular_heterogeneity_in_human_primary_microglia

  In the brain the cells that control inflammation are called a type of white blood cell called microglia. Microglia are located throughout the brain and spinal cord and account for 10–15% of all cells found within the brain. As the resident white blood cells, they are the main active immune defence in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are part of an important class of cells known as macrophages that have two main states: M1 and M2. M1 cells are pro- inflammatory, leading to more inflammation, while M2 are anti-inflammatory, and drive wound healing. In this study, we will collect primary microglia from surgical biospies of 100 individuals. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002494

• Role of Tobacco Smoke in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

  Background. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histologically defined renal cancer. However, it is not a uniform disease and includes several genetic subtypes with different prognoses. ccRCC is also characterized by distinguished metabolic reprogramming. Tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for ccRCC with unknown effects on tumor pathobiology.Methods. We investigated the landscape of ccRCCs and paired normal kidney tissues (NKTs) using integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic and metallomic approaches in a cohort of never smokers (NS) and long-term current smokers (LTS) Caucasian males. Results. All three Omics domains consistently identified a distinct metabolic subtype of ccRCCs in LTS, characterized by activation of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) coupled with reprogramming of the malate-aspartate shuttle and metabolism of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and histidine. Cadmium, copper and inorganic arsenic accumulated in LTS tumors showing redistribution among intracellular pools, including relocation of copper into the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Gene expression signature based on the LTS metabolic subtype provided prognostic stratification of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ccRCC tumors that was independent from genomic alterations.Conclusions. The work identified the TS related metabolic subtype of ccRCC with vulnerabilities that can be exploited for precision medicine approaches targeting metabolic pathways. The results provided rationale for the development of metabolic biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic applications using evaluation of OxPhos status. The metallomic analysis revealed the role of disrupted metal homeostasis in ccRCC highlighting the importance of studying effects of metals from e-cigarettes and environmental exposures.

  Study phs002083

• Colorectal adenomas, carcinomas and adjacent normal NKI-AvL TGO series NGS-ProToCol

  Cancer is caused by changes in the genome of cells, resulting in aberrant transcripts and proteins. In order to understand why normal cells become cancer cells and how we can identify and destroy them, the CTMM-NGS-ProToCol project aimed to understand prostate and colorectal cancer through DNA and RNA molecular profiling, to further improve diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.The state-of-the-art within the field of genome sequencing makes it possible to identify all the modifications in our genome that encode for RNA and of the transcripts themselves. The latest development in RNA sequencing is that if one does not select for polyA RNA, but first removes rRNA from the total RNA and then performs ‘random’ RNA sequencing, 30-60% of the reads are intronic. Since about 40% of the genome consists of genes (and only 1.6% is exonic), deep RNA sequencing will cover not only the exons, but also a large portion of the introns and therefore much of the genome. The power of the combined sequencing of genome and transcriptome is the full view of copy number aberrations (CNA), exon mutations and the consequence and relevance of the mutations at the RNA level in the form of differential gene expression, alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage, novel transcripts, fusion transcripts, read-through transcripts and mutations. For the colorectal (tumor) tissue dataset, we applied molecular profiling to 30 colorectal adenomas, 30 colorectal carcinomas and 18 normal adjacent colon tissues.

  Study EGAS00001002854

• Single-cell genome-wide concurrent haplotyping and copy-number profiling through genotyping-by-sequencing

  scGBS is a single-cell sequencing-based methodology to haplotype and copy-number profile single cells. Genomic size and complexity is reduced through restriction enzyme digestion and DNA is genotyped through sequencing of the restriction fragments. scGBS data serves as the input for haplarithmisis, an algorithm we previously developed for SNP array-based single-cell haplotyping (Zamani Esteki et al., 2015). We established technical parameters and developed an analysis pipeline enabling accurate concurrent haplotyping and copy-number profiling of single cells with the use of a HapMap cell line pedigree (7 single cells). A clinical validation of the methodology with a total of 14 single blastomeres and 3 trophectoderm samples biopsies from human preimplantation embryos for 6 PGT-M families were processed with scGBS and were previously haploptyped via SNP array.

  Dataset EGAD00001007794

• RNA sequencing in primary human macrophages overexpressing ETS2

  This dataset consists of RNA sequencing data from an ETS2 overexpression experiment in M0 macrophages. Controlled overexpression of ETS2 mRNA or control mRNA (an equivalent amount of mRNA encoding the reverse complement of ETS2 – thereby controlling for the quantity, length and purine/pyrimidine composition of the transfected RNA but with a transcript that would not be translated) was induced in resting, non-activated (M0) macrophages by transfecting predefined amounts of in vitro transcribed mRNA. To minimise non-specific activation due to the transfected RNA, in vitro transcription was performed using co-transcriptional capping (to minimise uncapped products), and incorporating modified, minimally immunogenic nucleotides (replacing uridine with N1-methyl-pseudouridine and cytidine with methylcytidine). After 18 hours, transfected cells were were activated with low dose LPS and harvested for RNA-sequencing 6 hours later. Sequencing libraries were prepared from 10ng RNA using the SMARTer Stranded Total RNA-Seq Kit v2 - Pico Input Mammalian (Takara) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The quality and molarity of all libraries was assessed using a BioAnalyzer 2100 and the libraries were sequenced on a NovaSeq6000. Raw data are provided as 100 bp paired-end Illumina reads from n = 8 donors.

  Dataset EGAD00001011341

• Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research (CEDAR)

  Under its programmatic name, the Center for Education and Drug Abuse research (CEDAR), this Center of Excellence project was completed in 2015. The CEDAR sample consists of 775 nuclear families comprising an adult male (proband), his spouse/mate, and their biological child who is 10-12 years of age at recruitment. This child is designated as index child (IC), and is followed through age 30. Minimal exclusionary criteria were applied to maximize the sample's representativeness. Follow-up evaluations on ICs were conducted at ages 14, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27 and 30. Interim questionnaires were mailed annually beginning at age 20. CEDAR utilizes the family/high-risk paradigm. The offspring thus comprise high average risk (HAR) and low average risk (LAR) groups, constituting the majority of the CEDAR children sample: 250 HAR males, 100 HAR females, 250 LAR males and 94 LAR females. The remainder of the IC sample, 50 males and 31 females, are the offspring of fathers who have a lifetime non-SUD psychiatric dis-order. The follow-up rate from baseline to the final assessment is ~65%. The cohort of children is 76% White and 22% Black. The representation of females among ICs is lower than males, due to the later start of recruit-ment (2nd funding cycle; the study originally focused on males). The CEDAR genetic study has been augmented by the inclusion of its sample into the whole-genome genotyping effort conducted under the Genes, Environment and Development Initiative (GEDI). DNA from the blood samples of target children (index cases) and their siblings submitted to the NIDA Genetics Depository a Rutgers University was obtained and genotyped on Illumina Human660W-Quad Beadchips, with a high average genotyping rate of 99.8%. The sample comprised 158 females and 271 males (37 and 63 %), ~70:30 European- and African- American, with approximately 1:1 ratio of children of affected fathers and normal controls.

  Study phs001649

• Exploration of CNV’s and SNV’s in cancers with well-known genetic rearrangements: Identification of additional genetic changes in rearrangements-driven cancer

  Specific cancers are well known to have specific gene rearrangements. Representative cancer is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) which is famous for BCR/ABL gene rearrangements. By the way, also genetic rearrangements are not infrequently found in acute leukemia, and those include CBFB/MYH11 rearrangements, PML/RARA rearrangements, AML/ETO rearrangements, and BCR/ABL rearrangements. The situation is same is for lung adenocarcinoma of non-smokers and prostate cancers, and ALK and RET gene rearrangements are recently found. However, not all these rearrangements are sufficient to develop cancer, and it is suggested that some genetic aberrations are required for the development and progression of cancer in addition to these genetic rearrangements. In this study, we have a plan to explore the existence of additional genetic changes including single nucleotide variants (SNV’s) and copy number variations (CNV’s) in cancers with specific genetic rearrangements so as to define additional genetic changes that confer full oncogenic potential to cancer cells. So as to look at SNV’s and small indels, we are going to use whole exome sequencing (WES) data. And as for CNV’s, we are going to use array-CGH data. Also, to check the functionality of these genetic changes, we are going to use whole transcriptome data (WTS). In addition, in samples with whole genome sequencing (WGS ) data, we are going to explore genetic changes in intronic regions also. In fact, we sequenced 10 AML samples which are known to have specific genetic rearrangements. Analysis of these WGS, WES and WTS data are under the way. If we have a chance to access WES, array-CGH and WTS data of other cancer samples with specific genetic rearrangements, we would be able to compare additional genetic changes required for oncogenesis in cancer cells with various genetic rearrangements. We hope this result will enlighten our understanding of cancer genetics further.

  Study EGAS00001000673

• Data generated by the Drier Lab at HUJI

  This Data Access Committee is responsible to all data generated by and deposited by the Drier Lab at the Faculty of Medicine of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (http://yotamdrier.ekmd.huji.ac.il/)

  Dac EGAC50000000060

• SNP array analysis of spondylocostal dysostosis patient iPSCs and gene edited isogenic controls

  This study, "SNP Array Analysis of Gene Edited SDV Patient iPSCs" is part of a larger study where we applied our recently established experimental in vitro model system of the human segmentation clock, for the analysis of human segmentation defects of the vertebrae (SDV) including spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD). To this end we generated patient-derived iPSC lines, identified putative disease-causing mutations and corrected these mutations using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technology. We identified in the patient-sample originally obtained from the NIGMS Human Genetic Cell Repository at the Coriell Institute for Medical Research (#: GM13539) heterozygous compound mutations in MESP2. These mutations were corrected accordingly and the resulting clones were genotyped by SNP array analysis.

  Study phs001975

• RNAseq samples of patients with anti-PD-1 resistant HNSCC from a non-randomized, open-label phase 1b clinical trial

  Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an effective treatment for a subset of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the majority remain refractory. In a nonrandomized, open-label Phase 1b clinical trial, participants with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC who had progressed on ICB were treated with low-dose 5-azacytidine (5-aza) daily for either 5 or 10 days, in combination with durvalumab and tremelimumab. The primary objective was to determine the biologically effective dose of 5-aza. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on baseline and on-treatment samples from eight participants, and transcriptomic changes were analyzed to assess the impact of low-dose 5-aza treatment.

  Study EGAS50000000728

• WES samples of patients with anti-PD-1 resistant HNSCC from a non-randomized, open-label phase 1b clinical trial

  Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an effective treatment for a subset of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the majority remain refractory. In a nonrandomized, open-label Phase 1b clinical trial, participants with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC who had progressed on ICB were treated with low-dose 5-azacytidine (5-aza) daily for either 5 or 10 days, in combination with durvalumab and tremelimumab. The primary objective was to determine the biologically effective dose of 5-aza. In this study, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on baseline samples from 12 participants, and genomic alterations were analyzed to access the genetic background of these participants.

  Study EGAS50000000729

• WGS_of_healhy_mesothelial_cells_and_primary_mesothelima_cell_lines

  Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer associated with previous exposure to asbestos. Currently there are no effective treatments for mesothelioma and majority of patients will die within a year after diagnosis. Although a large number of preclinical and clinical trials assessed the efficacy of various therapuetic modes, none of the tested molecules entered the clinic. Thus, to better understand what drives mesothelioma carcinogenesis and to identify novel targets for therapy, here we aim at performing WGS of heathy mesothelial cells and a panel of mesothelioma cells lines. Primary mesothelial cell lines were established in prof. Marciniak lab from human pleural specimens, while primary mesothelioma cell lines were obtained from MesobanK. Both models constitute low passage cell lines and therefore should closely represent genetics of the original tissue.

  Study EGAS00001005559

• Genomics of Kidney Transplantation

  We have an established consortium consisting of 5 clinical centers which do a total of >800 kidney transplants/year. We have developed a quality-controlled multicenter database with high quality data, and obtained DNA samples and clinical data on 962 recipients and 442 donors. Using our developed infrastructure, we propose to study whether genetic variants are, in part, responsible for the differing outcomes of transplant recipients treated with contemporary immunosuppressive protocols. Our central hypotheses are that the genetic variation is associated with a) kidney transplant outcome, and b) immunosuppressive drug disposition and toxicity. Our long-term goals are to determine whether it is possible to individualize immunosuppressive therapy, based on genetics. At the same time, our studies may elicit new information on pathways important in the immune response or in immunosuppressive drug efficacy, disposition, and toxicity.Our application consists of 3 cores (Genetics Core, Clinical Core, and Administrative Core). We will do a genome wide association study (GWAS). Significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) will be identified using the GWAS.Project 1 has 2 specific aims.Aim 1: To identify recipient SNPs that are associated with kidney allograft outcomes, including acute rejection, chronic graft dysfunction, and graft failure. Aim 2: To identify living donor SNPs that are associated with kidney allograft outcomes. Project 2 has 4 specific aims. Aim 1: To identify SNPs that are associated with tacrolimus blood levels.Aim 2: To identify SNPs that are associated with early tacrolimus-related nephrotoxicity and immune suppressant-related new onset diabetes.Aim 3: To identify SNPs that are associated with mycophenolate-related toxicity. Aim 4: To establish the relationships between candidate recipient SNPs, enzyme activity and mRNA expression of the pharmacologic targets of mycophenolate and calcineurin inhibitors. The projects use the genotyping data, which were provided by the Genetics Core, and clinical information, which were collected and entered into the multicenter database by the Clinical Core. Further, biostatistical support (Clinical Core) and administrative oversight and support (Administrative Core) will facilitate data collection, data entry, and data analyses for both projects. The Administrative Core will also facilitate interaction between Sites, Cores, and Projects.Technical note: Regarding to the study design, all transplant recipients should be unrelated. Given the nature of transplantation, some donors may be related to recipients. The donor-recipient relationships are reported in the demographic file under the "related" column. As we did not collect full pedigree information for the related donor-recipient pairs, we have included a IBD file (calculated using PLINK) with the genotype data.

  Study phs001667

• Assessment_of_epigenetic_variation_in_human_iPS_cells_Medip

  n order to progress human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) towards the clinic, several outstanding questions must be addressed. It is possible to reprogram different somatic cell types into hiPSCs and from studies in the mouse, it appears that an epigenetic memory of the starting cell type is carried over to hiPSCs. However a comprehensive comparative study of the characteristics of these hiPSCs has been missing from the literature. Importantly studies which aimed to address these aspects of hiPSCs have used cells from different patients. In order to avoid this important confounding variable and to keep the genetic background constant, tissue samples were procured from the patients and reprogrammed to iPS cells. The methylation status of these iPS cells will be compared.Protocol:Primary cell cultures were generated and reprogrammed to iPS cells. DNA was extracted and immunoprecipitated using anti-methyl cytosine and anti-hydroxymethyl cytosine antibodies.This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001000741

• Genomic Studies of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

  This study consists of three components. The first component includes genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on 695 TS cases and 198 ancestry matched controls from the first TS GWAS of 1285 TS cases and 4964 ancestry matched controls. The second component includes genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on 2106 TS cases from the second TS GWAS of 2716 TS cases and 3762 ancestry matched controls. The third component consists of 438 individuals representing 146 probands with DSM-IV-TR diagnosed Tourette Syndrome and their parents (146 complete parent-offspring trios). These individuals are part of the whole exome sequencing study, aiming to use whole exome sequencing of TS parent-offspring to identify de novo protein-truncating variants (PTVs) that are present in the child with TS but not in either parent. All subjects were collected by the Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics (TAAICG) at seven sites in the United States and Canada. Both affected individuals and unaffected relatives were assessed for the presence of Tourette Syndrome and Chronic (Persistent) Tic Disorder (CTD) using a standardized, semi-structured interview, which has high clinical validity and reliability for the diagnoses of TS and CTD (TSAICG, Am J Hum Genet, 2007 (PMID: 17304708)); Darrow et al., Psychiatric Research, 2015 (PMID: 26054936)).

  Study phs001380

• Illumina Omni5 SNP chip genotyping of MacTel cases and unaffected controls for a genome-wide association study

  Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) is a rare neurovascular degenerative retinal disease. To identify genetic susceptibility loci for MacTel, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We genotyped 704 samples, of which 678 have consented to be available here. These samples mainly include MacTel cases but also some unaffected controls (often spouses). The samples were collected through the MacTel Project (funded by the Lowy Medical Research Institute), which includes a registry and extensive clinical analysis to confirm the presence of MacTel in affected individuals. Additional controls were obtained from dbGap [phs000429.v1.p1]. After QC steps, the GWAS utilised 476 cases and 1733 controls of European ancestry.

  Study EGAS00001002249

• RRBS sequencing of 7 tumour regions and a normal sample from a single TRACERx patient.

  Background: Epigenetic heterogeneity within a tumour can play an important role in tumour evolution and the emergence of resistance to treatment. It is increasingly recognised that the study of DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns along the genome - so-called `epialleles' - offers greater insight into epigenetic dynamics than conventional analyses which examine DNAm marks individually. Results: We have developed a Bayesian model to infer which epialleles are present in multiple regions of the same tumour. We apply our method to reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) data from multiple regions of one lung cancer tumour and a matched normal sample. The model borrows information from all tumour regions to leverage greater statistical power. The total number of epialleles, the epiallele DNAm patterns, and a noise hyperparameter are all automatically inferred from the data. Uncertainty as to which epiallele an observed sequencing read originated from is explicitly incorporated by marginalising over the appropriate posterior densities. The degree to which tumour samples are contaminated with normal tissue can be estimated and corrected for. By tracing the distribution of epialleles throughout the tumour we can infer the phylogenetic history of the tumour, identify epialleles that differ between normal and cancer tissue, and define a measure of global epigenetic disorder. Conclusions: Detection and comparison of epialleles within multiple tumour regions enables phylogenetic analyses, identification of differentially expressed epialleles, and provides a measure of epigenetic heterogeneity.

  Study EGAS00001002484

• DNA Methylation Analysis of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines and Tissues Using Next Generation Sequencing

  Aberrant DNA methylation changes are known to occur during prostate cancer progression beginning with precursor lesions. Utilizing fifty nanograms of genomic DNA in Methylplex-Next Generation Sequencing (M-NGS) we mapped the global DNA methylation patterns in prostate tissues (n=17) and cells (n=2). Peaks were located from mapped reads obtained in each sequencing run using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based algorithm previously used for Chip-Seq data analysis(http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/qin/HPeak). The total methylation events in intergenic/intronic regions between benign adjacent and cancer tissues were comparable. Promoter CGI methylation gradually increased from -12.6% in benign samples to 19.3% and 21.8% in localized and metastatic cancer tissues and approximately 20% of all CpG islands (CGIs) (68,508) were methylated in tissues. We observed distinct patterns in promoter methylation around transcription start sites, where methylation occurred directly on the CGIs, flanking regions and on CGI sparse promoters. Among the 6,691 methylated promoters in prostate tissues, 2481 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are cancer specific and several previously studied targets were among them. A novel cancer specific DMR in WFDC2 promoter showed 77% methylation in cancer (17/22), 100% methylation in transformed prostate cell lines (6/6), none in the benign tissues (0/10) and normal PrEC cells. Integration of LNCaP DNA methylation and H3K4me3 data suggested a role for DNA methylation in alternate transcription start site utilization. While methylated promoters containing CGIs had mutually exclusive H3K4me3 modification, the histone mark was absent in CGI sparse promoters. Finally, we observed difference in methylation of LINE-1 elements between transcription factor ERG positive and negative cancers. The comprehensive methylome map presented here will further our understanding of epigenetic regulation of the prostate cancer genome. Overall Design: We mapped the global DNA methylation patterns in prostate tissues (n=17) and cells (n=2) from fifty nanograms of genomic DNA using Methylplex-Next Generation Sequencing (M-NGS). For replicate analysis in cell lines, a total of 4 runs were completed for PrEC prostate normal cell line, and 5 runs were completed for LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. For tissue samples, 2 benign prostate samples were sequenced twice on Illumina next generation sequencing platform to access overall repeatability of M-NGS.

  Study phs000597

• Gut microbiome dynamics unravelled with metagenomics sequencing

  It has been already several years since we discovered that microbial therapeutics like Faecal Microbiota Transplantation can be used to treat Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with great success. The concept has challenged us to test the limits of our knowledge with the perspective to improve health in the most diverse conditions like Parkinson disease, depression, autism and obesity, just to mention a few. Note: the figure belongs to the original paper and is owned by the authors. Allyson L.Bird and colleagues from Genentech Inc. (San Francisco) recently published an interesting study building up on the key concept that “As microbial therapeutics are increasingly being tested in diverse patient populations, it is essential to understand the host and environmental factors influencing the microbiome.” The authors of this work analysed 1359 gut microbiome samples using shotgun metagenomics sequencing.  The results of the comparison done between microbiota composition across the different groups showed that biological sex is the strongest driver of diversity, while aging (age range studied: 20–69) appears to be the second factor. As smartly outlined in the authors’ own graphical abstract (figure to the left), Bacteroidota species consistently increased with donors' age while Actinobacteriota species, including Bifidobacterium, decreased. This study also integrated data from oncological patients to draw cancer-related evidences. After correcting the biases for technical and geographic differences, they found that cancer patients show significantly altered gut bacterial communities compared with their healthy counterparts. Eg. E.coli was found to be increased in cancer patients together with Bacteroidota/Firmicutes ratios. By comparing sequential samples taken from the same donors (413) within short-distance time points, the authors found that in the short term, intra-individual differences were less than the inter-individual ones, indicating a certain community stability being the norm. One of the pivotal points from this interesting study is that the data proceeds from extremely well-defined and selected donors. Specifically, the data for 949 selected healthy donors came from the Milieu Intérieur (MI) Consortium and extensive metadata, including demographic variables, serological measures, dietary information, and systemic immune profiles, are available. This precise stratification allowed for the robust detection of smaller changes, compared to former works. All sequencing data has been deposited in the EGA archive under the accession number EGAS00001004437. Enjoy this amazing open access paper published in the Experimental Journal of Medicine on January 2021.

  Blog gut-microbiome-dynamics-unravelled

• Whole Exome Sequencing of Head and Neck Patients-Derived Tumor Organoids and Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tumor Tissue

  In this study, tissue specimens were procured from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing routine diagnostic procedures as part of their standard of care. For surgical cases, only excess tissue remaining after allocation for essential pathological diagnosis was utilized for research purposes. We aimed to validate the genomic fidelity of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) compared to their originating tumors. Whole exome sequencing was performed on four paired sets of PDOs and matched surgical specimens preserved as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. The objective was to demonstrate that the in vitro PDO models maintain the genomic profile of the patient-specific tumors, thus supporting their potential application in identifying efficacious personalized treatment regimens. Comparative analyses of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) between matched PDO and FFPE pairs were conducted to assess global genomic similarity and shared HNSCC-relevant variants. The results indicated that the PDOs closely recapitulated the mutational landscape of the resected tumors from which they were derived. This finding supports the validity of the employed in vitro culture conditions for potential use in precision medicine approaches for HNSCC. The data submitted to dbGaP comprise eight whole exome sequencing profiles of matched pairs of HNSCC FFPE and PDO samples from four subjects. Novogene (Novogene Co., Ltd, CA, USA) generated these profiles from 1.0μg genomic DNA per sample, using the Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon kit (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). Deposited files include raw BAM files of reads aligned to human genome Hg19 using BWA (v.0.7.8-r455), sorted with Samtools (v1.0), and filtered for duplicate reads using Picard (v1.111). Additionally, we've deposited VCF files of SNV variant calls from GATK (v3.8).

  Study phs003755

• scRNA dataset for 15 samples

  This dataset includes single cell (sc)RNA-seq of N=3 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples profiled at baseline (no drug treatment) and N=12 samples from one PDX profiled during the course of treatment (N=1 sample each for 4 treatment arms x 3 timepoints). The dataset includes bam files that have been purged of reads mapping to cells where a majority of the reads from that cell mapped to the mouse genome. All scRNA-seq data were generated using the Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 5' Reagent Kits v2 (Dual Index) from 10X Genomics.

  Dataset EGAD50000001424

• B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute lymphoblastic leukemia Micro-C sequencing data Data Access Committee

  This dataset included 33 childhood B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia Micro-C samples. All samples were subjected to Illumina pair-end sequencing.

  Dac EGAC50000000467

• Whole exome sequence of intratumor heterogeneity study

  This dataset contains whole exome sequence data from 86 samples from 6 patient. All the experiments were performed on Illumina HiSeq platform with raw reads stored in fastq format.

  Dataset EGAD00001005453

• Persistence of circulating tumor DNA in breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant treatment is a significant predictor of poor tumor response

  Purpose:Accurate assessment of response during neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) poses a major clinical challenge. Therefore, a minimally-invasive assessment of tumor response based on cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may be beneficial to guide treatment decisions.Experimental Design: We profiled 93 genes in tissue from 193 early breast cancer patients. Patient-specific assays were designed to track ctDNA during NST from 145 patients with available plasma. ctDNA presence and levels were correlated with complete pathological response (pCR) and residual cancer burden (RCB) as well as with clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumor to identify potential proxies for ctDNA release. Moreover, we tested the predictive value of driver events identified in the tumor.Results:At baseline, ctDNA could be detected in 63/145 (43.4%) patients and persisted in 25/63 (39.7%) patients at mid-therapy (MT) and 15/63 (23.8%) patients at the end of treatment. ctDNA detection at MT was significantly associated with higher RCB (OR 0.062, 95% CI 0.01-0.48, P=0.0077). Out of 31 patients with detectable ctDNA at MT, 30 patients (96.8%) were non-responders (RCB II, n=8; RCB III, n=22) and only one patient responded to the treatment (RCB I). Considering all 145 patients with baseline (BL) plasma, none of the patients with RCB 0 and only 6.7% of patients with RCB I had ctDNA detectable at MT, while 30.6% and 29.6% of patients with RCB II/III, respectively, had a positive ctDNA result. Conclusion:Overall, our results demonstrate that the detection and persistence of ctDNA at mid-therapy may have the potential to negatively predict response to neoadjuvant treatment and identify patients who will not achieve pCR or be classified with RCB II/III.

  Study EGAS00001005798

• Mutation signatures in melanocytic nevi reveal characteristics of defective DNA repair

  Nevi are common benign melanocytic neoplasms that can be found on any skin location and share many of the genomic hallmarks of melanoma. In our recent report involving whole-exome sequencing of acquired nevi (Stark et al., 2018), ultra-violet radiation (UVR) related somatic mutation signatures (“signature 7”) (Alexandrov et al., 2013) were frequently observed in all lesions that were located on sun-exposed sites. In the study presented herein, we sought to investigate whether an independent Spanish cohort (Valencia, Spain) of minimally sun exposed nevi had genomic features consistent with our previous findings.

  Study EGAS00001004274

• Genetic landscape of pediatric Infant Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia

  We performed whole genome sequencing of tumor and normal DNA samples obtained from 22 infant ALL cases with MLL rearrangements. In addition, we sequenced 2 paired diagnostic-relapse samples. Using complementary pipelines, somatically acquired genetic changes were analyzed, including single nucleotide variations (SNVs), insertion/deletions, structural variations and copy number variations in the cancer genomes. In addition, exome sequencing was performed on paired diagnostic and normal DNA samples obtained from 20 cases of non-infant MLL rearranged leukemias and somatic mutations in the coding regions were identified.

  Study EGAS00001000246

• Whole exome sequencing on Pediatric MDS patients

  WES was performed on 126 cases (SAMD9/9Lmut: 64/67; GATA2mut 24/35, MDS wildtype 38/471) using SureSelect Human All Exon V6 enrichment (Agilent, cat# 5190-8863). The generated libraries were sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq 2500 with 150bp paired-end reads. FASTQ files were processed using SeqNext platform (JSI medical system, Germany), with gene-based alignment to a virtual panel of 300 genes consisting of genes relevant to bone marrow failure, MDS predisposition, and hematological cancers as per the Pan-Cancer studies with cohorts of >10,000 cancers. The generated BAM files are submitted here.

  Study EGAS00001005432

• This study generated Oxford Nanopore long read sequencing data of cancer cell line mixtures for validating long-read variant calls in cancer genomics

  Long-read sequencing (LRS) improves genome alignment and facilitates resolving variants in complex genomic regions, making it a promising approach for cancer variant detection and biomarker discovery. Here, we evaluate the performance of LRS to detect somatic variants across different tumour purities and sequencing depths by comparing to somatic variants from short-read sequencing. We generated experimental mixtures of cancer cell lines and matched normal cell lines to simulate 10 tumour purities (ranging from 0 to 100% tumour content). This resulted in 22 samples which were sequenced using whole genome LRS to a targeted depth of 60x and somatic variants were identified. We downsampled sequencing data to explore the optimal read depth for somatic variant detection. Our results show that long-read variant calling tools achieve recall rates comparable to short-read gold standards. While a tumour sequencing depth of 30x to 60× is generally sufficient for detecting common variants, particularly structural variants (SVs), sequencing the matched normal sample at adequate depth is crucial for accuracy. Notably, we found variants unique to LRS that may represent real and previously undetected events. This study highlights key factors for optimising cancer genome sequencing with LRS and provides a comprehensive dataset of cell line mixtures for future research and tool development.

  Study EGAS00001008107

• Rare Mendelian Disease in Old Order Amish and Mennonite Patients

  The Clinic for Special Children (CSC) has integrated biochemical and molecular methods into a rural pediatric practice serving Old Order Amish and Mennonite (Plain) children. Among the Plain people, we have used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays to genetically map recessive disorders to large autozygous haplotype blocks (mean = 4.4 Mb) that contain many genes (mean = 79). For some, uninformative mapping or large gene lists preclude disease-gene identification by Sanger sequencing. Seven such conditions were selected for exome sequencing at the Broad Institute; all had been previously mapped at the CSC using low density SNP microarrays coupled with autozygosity and linkage analyses. Using between 1 and 5 patient samples per disorder, we identified sequence variants in the known disease-causing genes SLC6A3 and FLVCR1, and present evidence to strongly support the pathogenicity of variants identified in TUBGCP6, BRAT1, SNIP1, CRADD, and HARS. Our results reveal the power of coupling new genotyping technologies to population-specific genetic knowledge and robust clinical data.

  Study phs000623

• CD74-NRG1 fusions in lung adenocarcinoma

  We discovered a novel somatic gene fusion, CD74-NRG1, by transcriptome sequencing of 25 lung adenocarcinomas of never smokers. By screening 102 lung adenocarcinomas negative for known oncogenic alterations we found four additional fusion-positive tumors, all of which were of the invasive mucinous subtype. Mechanistically, CD74-NRG1 leads to extracellular expression of the EGF-like domain of NRG1 III-beta3, thereby providing the ligand for ERBB2-ERBB3 receptor complexes. Accordingly, ERBB2 and ERBB3 expression was high in the index case and expression of phospho-ERBB3 was specifically found in tumors bearing the fusion (p<0.0001). Ectopic expression of CD74-NRG1 in lung cancer cell lines expressing ERBB2 and ERBB3 activated ERBB3 and the PI3K-AKT pathway, and led to increased colony formation in soft agar. Thus, CD74-NRG1 gene fusions are activating genomic alterations in invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas and may offer a therapeutic opportunity for a lung tumor subtype with, so far, no effective treatment.

  Study EGAS00001000653

• Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study - Maternal Glycemia and Birthweight GEI Study

  Low and high birth weight are not only major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, but epidemiological data have established an association between birth weight and later life risk of adult metabolic diseases. Fetal growth is determined by complex interactions between fetal genes and the maternal uterine environment. Subtle or overt variation in maternal glucose tolerance, which is, in part, genetically determined, is related to fetal size at birth. Moreover, new emerging data suggest that genetic variation in the fetus can impact maternal metabolism (e.g., blood pressure and glucose tolerance). Given the above, we are addressing the hypothesis that, during pregnancy, gene-environment interactions in the context of the maternal-fetal unit impact fetal size at birth and maternal metabolism. Genes that control fetal growth or maternal metabolism during pregnancy are largely unknown, so the first step to address our hypothesis will be to identify genetic variation that impacts fetal growth and maternal metabolism and to determine the interaction of that variation with the intrauterine and fetal environment. To accomplish this, we are performing genome wide association (GWA) mapping on a subset of ~37,000 DNA samples that were collected from mothers and their offspring as part of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study. HAPO is a multicenter, international study in which high quality phenotypic data related to fetal growth and maternal glucose metabolism has been collected from 25,000 pregnant women of varied racial and socio-demographic backgrounds using standardized protocols that were uniform across centers. For these studies, we are genotyping 1,500 infants and their mothers of European descent, 1,250 Afro-Caribbean infants and mothers, 800 Hispanic (Mexican-American) infants and mothers, and 1200 Thai infants and mothers. Genotyping is being performed using the Illumina Human610 Quad (European ancestry participants), Human1M Duo (Afro-Caribbean and Hispanic participants), and Omni1-Quad_v1-0_B (Thai participants). The specific aims for the project are as follows: (1) To apply analytic approaches for conducting GWA mapping studies on quantitative phenotypes related to offspring size at birth (birth weight, ponderal index, head circumference and adiposity) allowing for other known influences such as gestational age, parity, and maternal weight gain. (2) To apply the above approaches to identify genetic variation that impacts maternal glucose tolerance at ~28 weeks of gestation (fasting glucose, glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin sensitivity expressed as quantitative traits) allowing for other known influences such as maternal weight gain, parity and age. (3) To examine the interaction between maternal genes, the intrauterine environment, and fetal genes to identify interactions that modulate genetic regulation of size at birth and fetal genetic variation that impacts on maternal glucose tolerance. GWA mapping will provide initial evidence for association of specific SNPs with the quantitative traits outlined above. As low and high birth weight are not only major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality but have also been associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases in adults, identification of genes that regulate fetal growth and maternal metabolism will provide novel information about the pathways that regulate these processes as well as important insight into susceptibility genes for chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes. The Version 1 (v1) dbGaP release will include data only from the Hispanic study participants. The Version 2 (v2) dbGaP release will include data from the Hispanic and European ancestry study participants. The Version 3 (v3) dbGaP release will include data from the Afro-Caribbean, Hispanic and European ancestry participants. The Version 4 (v4) dbGaP release will include data from all participants (i.e., Afro-Caribbean, Hispanic, European ancestry, and Thai participants). This study is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative (GENEVA, http://www.genevastudy.org) funded by the trans-NIH Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI). The overarching goal is to identify novel genetic factors that contribute to maternal metabolism and birthweight through large-scale genome-wide association studies of infants and their mothers at multiple international sites. Genotyping was performed at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and at CIDR of Johns Hopkins University, GENEVA genotyping centers. Data cleaning and harmonization was performed at the GEI-funded GENEVA Coordinating Center at the University of Washington.

  Study phs000096

• Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC): Multi-Ethnic ImmunoChip Study

  Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by an autoimmune attack that destroys the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells and is driven by diverse genetic and environmental factors. Between 8-100 chromosome regions are known to contain variants that alter T1D risk, substantially fewer than many other common diseases. Less is known about the contribution of T1D risk alleles in non-European populations, despite recent increases in T1D diagnoses in multiple non-European ancestry groups. To address these gaps in T1D genetics, we doubled the sample size from the previous largest T1D association study, genotyped ancestrally diverse T1D cases, controls, and affected families with the Illumina ImmunoChip array, and imputed additional variants using a large haplotype reference panel. After quality filtering, a total of 61,427 participants and 140,333 genotyped ImmunoChip variants were included in analysis, providing dense coverage in 188 autosomal regions ("ImmunoChip regions") and sparse genotyping in other regions of the genome. Each participant was assigned to one of five ancestry groups using k-means clustering of ImmunoChip genotype principal components: European (EUR, N = 47,319), African Admixed (AFR, N = 4,290), Finnish (FIN, N = 6,991), East Asian (EAS, N = 588) and Other Admixed (AMR, N = 2,239). In total, 16,159 T1D cases, 25,386 controls (unrelated) and 6,143 trio families (i.e., an affected child and both parents) were genotyped and included in association analyses. Imputation with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) multi-ethnic reference panel was used to improve discovery power and fine-mapping resolution. After imputation, the number of variants in ImmunoChip regions with imputation R-squared > 0.8 and MAF > 0.005 in each ancestry group was 322,084 (AFR), 166,274 (EUR), 163,612 (FIN), 137,730 (EAS) and 188,550 (AMR). Imputed genotypes were compared in the same participants who have whole genome sequencing data, resulting in high concordance. Unrelated cases and controls (N = 41,545) were analyzed initially, assuming an additive inheritance model. T1D trio families (N = 6,143 trios, some trio families were multiplex and analyzed as multiple trios) were analyzed separately, with meta-analysis of case-control and trio results used for discovery of regions associated with T1D (p < 5×10-8). Summary-level data at each SNP (genotype and imputed) for type 1 diabetes (outcome) are provided in dbGaP.

  Study phs002468

• Prediction of Trastuzumab Benefit in Adjuvant Breast Cancer: Gene Expression Profiling in NSABP B31

  Background National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial B-31 suggested the efficacy of adjuvant trastuzumab, even in HER2-negative breast cancer. This finding prompted us to develop a predictive model for degree of benefit from trastuzumab using archived tumor blocks from B-31. Methods Case subjects with tumor blocks were randomly divided into discovery (n = 588) and confirmation cohorts (n = 991). A predictive model was built from the discovery cohort through gene expression profiling of 462 genes with nCounter assay. A predefined cut point for the predictive model was tested in the confirmation cohort. Gene-by-treatment interaction was tested with Cox models, and correlations between variables were assessed with Spearman correlation. Principal component analysis was performed on the final set of selected genes. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Eight predictive genes associated with HER2 (ERBB2, c17orf37, GRB7) or ER (ESR1, NAT1, GATA3, CA12, IGF1R) were selected for model building. Three-dimensional subset treatment effect pattern plot using two principal components of these genes was used to identify a subset with no benefit from trastuzumab, characterized by intermediate-level ERBB2 and high-level ESR1 mRNA expression. In the confirmation set, the predefined cut points for this model classified patients into three subsets with differential benefit from trastuzumab with hazard ratios of 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67 to 3.69; P = .29; n = 100), 0.60 (95% CI = 0.41 to 0.89; P = .01; n = 449), and 0.28 (95% CI = 0.20 to 0.41; P < .001; n = 442; P interaction between the model and trastuzumab < .001). Conclusions We developed a gene expression-based predictive model for degree of benefit from trastuzumab and demostrated that HER2-negative tumors belong to the moderate benefit group, thus providing justification for testing trastuzumab in HER2-negative patients (NSABP B-47). ** Reprinted from J Natl Cancer Inst;2013;105:1782-1788 with permission from Oxford University Press.

  Study phs000826

• Exome Sequencing of a family with thrombocytopenia, red cell macrocytosis, and lymphoblastic leukemia predisposition

  A family with a history of bleeding, variable thrombocytopenia, red cell macrocytosis and two cases of pre B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was studied in a single visit. The family was assessed for bleeding history using a bleeding questionnaire. Additionally, complete blood counts were measured and whole blood was collected from five affected individuals and three unaffected individuals for DNA extraction and whole exome sequencing. The goal of this study is to determine the genetic cause of thrombocytopenia, red cell macrocytosis, and predisposition to leukemia in a family. It is hoped that the information obtained from this study will help researchers understand the genetic and molecular basis of platelet and red cell production, as well as leukemia predisposition.

  Study phs000873

• Tumor Whole-exome sequencing

  20 tumor tissue WES data with paired cfDNA sWGS data. This data is used for concordance analysis between cfDNA-based and tissue-based CNA. The WES libraries were sequenced across 3 independent runs using multiple lanes.

  Dataset EGAD50000001864

• Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer aligned whole exome sequence data

  Whole exome sequence data in fastq format was aligned to the GRCH38 reference genome. Aligned sequence was preprocessed with GATK for Indel Realignment and Base Quality Score Recalibration. Duplicates were marked with Picard Mark Duplicates. Aligned sequence is in bam format. Details of the alignment can be found in he bam header. Tumour samples were classified as Anaplastic Thyroid, Poorly-differentiated or well-differentiated cancers.

  Dataset EGAD00001005791

• Genetic Analysis of Limb Malformation Disorders: Miller Syndrome Sequencing Study (LMD-MS)

  The overall goal of this project is to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of malformations (i.e., birth defects) of the limb, concentrating on abnormalities of limb patterning such as limb deficiency/duplications and multiple congenital contractures. The exome sequences of two siblings and two unrelated individuals were obtained by massively parallel DNA sequencing. The four individuals were affected with Miller syndrome (OMIM: 263750). Additionally, the whole-genome sequences of a family of four were obtained with the method of Complete Genomics Incorporated (CGI). The two offspring were both affected with Miller syndrome and is the same sibling pair mentioned previously from whom exome sequences were also obtained.

  Study phs000244

• ILyAD (Indolent Lymphoma And vitamin D)

  Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas are incurable diseases, and require intermittent and often morbid and expensive therapy during their prolonged natural history. Lower intensity and better-tolerated, cost-effective treatment strategies are needed for these patients. Low vitamin D levels at diagnosis of indolent lymphomas are strongly associated with inferior outcomes to treatment. Standard therapy for low tumor burden, indolent lymphoma includes a single agent monoclonal antibody (rituximab). In our double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial we evaluated if vitamin D supplementation with 2000IU oral cholecalciferol daily for three years improved the progression-free survival of patients with indolent lymphoma treated with single agent rituximab. Stratification factors for randomization included histology and Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FL-IPI) prognostic score. The primary endpoint of the trial was progression-free survival over three years; secondary endpoints included response at 13 weeks, and overall survival. Eligible participants were adults with biopsy proven follicular lymphoma (grades 1-3a), small lymphocytic lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue with no prior anti-lymphoma systemic therapy. Participants had Ann Arbor stage II or greater, measurable disease defined by Lugano criteria. Participants with osteoporosis requiring prescription treatment, symptomatic primary hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia, creatinine greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal or a history of calcium-related kidney stones were excluded. Germline DNA was isolated from saliva samples obtained from participants at baseline. Whole exome sequencing was performed and SNPs were analyzed using the Agilent SureSelectXT Human All Exon V6 +UTR array. SNP data from 185 participants are available through dbGaP.

  Study phs003503

• 3/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding Actionable Variation

  The goal of this study was to generate new therapeutic hypotheses by targeted sequencing of 161 genes most likely to harbor schizophrenia (SCZ) causal variants in multi-ancestry schizophrenia case-control cohorts. The gene panel was intended to contain putative SCZ risk genes, from within which, the majority of new discoveries from additional WES/WGS would come. To this end, we integrated current knowledge of the genetic architecture of SCZ (results from The Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta-Analysis Consortium, or SCHEMA) and gene membership in gene sets that have been implicated in SCZ using a Bayesian framework. A total of 23,352 individuals selected to be non-overlapping with SCHEMA, as well as other previous and ongoing sequencing efforts in the field, were identified from over 20 individual study sites. Sequencing of the exonic regions of 161 prioritized genes was performed on the Ion Torrent platform in between June 2018 and April 2019. Sequencing plates were matched with respect to ancestry and case/control composition whenever possible. The average sequencing depth across all samples was 224x. Single sample calling was performed using Torrent Variant Caller v5.8.0, which is specially optimized to exploit the underlying flow signal information generated by the Ion Torrent sequencing. The schizophrenia case-control status was obtained from each original study site.

  Study phs003138

• Rituximab-treated lymphoma patients show correlated deficiency in serological and T cell Spike-specific response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: insights from the CORSA Study.

  This study is part of the CORSA trial (NCT04345315), a prospective multicentric research project conducted by the Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori “Dino Amadori” to investigate the immunologic response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) and healthy individuals as controls (HC). The data in this repository refer to two subcohorts: 7 healthy controls and 10 lymphoma patients, randomly selected. Whole blood samples were collected to characterize T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire specificity against SARS-CoV-2 proteins before and after two BNT162b2 vaccination cycles, at baseline (before vaccination), 50 days after the first dose (V1), and 6 months after the first dose (V3). All participants were vaccinated under the Italian national campaign and provided informed consent following the Declaration of Helsinki. We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses through TCR repertoire profiling and examined correlations between serological and cellular responses in both patient and control groups. Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to characterize the CDR3 sequences of TCR β-chains from peripheral blood, we assessed clonal expansion (depth) and diversification (breadth) of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell clonotypes over time, aiming to understand how cancer and its treatment influence vaccine-induced immunity in immunocompromised individuals.

  Study EGAS50000001205

• The Cardiogenics study

  Cardiogenics is an European collaborative project, it started in January 2007 and was funded by the European Commission through its Sixth Framework Program (reference LSHM -CT-2006-037593) until 2011. It involved several laboratories from France (INSERM UMRS937), Germany (Lübeck University; Regensburg University), United Kingdom (the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute; University of Leicester) and Sweden (Uppsala University Hospital) and was coordinated by a management group composed of scientists from these different institutions. Under the coordination of the management group the laboratories are still developing projects using Cardiogenics data sets. As part of the Cardiogenics project, RNA from monocytes and macrophages of 363 patients with coronary artery disease and 395 healthy individuals was prepared and genome-wide expression was assessed in both cell types using the Illumina HumanRef 8 v3 Beadchip . The DNA of all these individuals was genotyped using the Human 610 Quad custom arrays. Both data sets were used to conduct eQTL analyses. A subsample of subjects included in an allelic-imbalance substudy were also genotyped using the Illumina Human Custom 1.2M array. Detailed description of these datasets can be found in Shah S et al. Circ Cardiovs Genet 2011; Rotival M et al. Plos Genet 2011, Almlöf et al. Plos One 2012 and Garnier S et al. Plos Genet 2013

  Study EGAS00001000411

• WGS data of paediatric hyperdiploid B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set1)

  The dataset includes FASTQ and BAM files from diagnostic and matched remission (control) samples of three hyperdiploid ALL patients (ALLT-329, ALLT-347, ALLT-356). Sequencing libraries were made using NEB Next® Ultra™ DNA Library Prep Kit. Both diagnostic (60x) and remission (30x) samples were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq X.

  Dataset EGAD50000002425

• A non-canonical lymphoblast in refractory childhood T cell leukaemia

  Refractory cancers may arise either through the acquisition of resistance mechanisms by cancer cells or represent distinct diseases. The origin of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) that does not respond to initial treatment, i.e. refractory disease, is unknown. Refractory T-ALL carries a poor prognosis and cannot be predicted at diagnosis. Here, we performed single cell mRNA sequencing of T-ALL from children who did or did not respond to initial treatment. We identified a transcriptionally distinctive blast population, exhibiting features of innate-like lymphocytes, as the major source of refractory disease. Evidence of such blasts at diagnosis heralded refractory disease across independent datasets and was associated with survival in a large, contemporary trial cohort. Our findings portray refractory T-ALL as a distinct disease. They may have immediate clinical utility.

  Dataset EGAD00001015381

• INCLUDE Data Hub: NDA GUIDs for Down Syndrome Research

  The INCLUDE (INvestigation of Co-occurring conditions across the Lifespan to Understand Down syndromE) Project is an NIH-wide collaboration that seeks to improve health and quality of life for people with Down syndrome. The INCLUDE Project Data Coordinating Center (DCC) and partners created the INCLUDE Data Hub, a centralized data resource that allows access to large-scale clinical and multi-omics datasets specific to Down syndrome and supports collaborative, cloud-based analysis to accelerate scientific discoveries related to Down syndrome and its co-occurring conditions. The INCLUDE Data Hub includes an innovative researcher data repository, a portal, and a cloud-based platform for data analysis. The portal provides access to de-identified demographics and clinical metadata, as well as multi-omics datasets, including whole genome sequences, transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes. The INCLUDE Data Hub uses a 'registered access' model, whereby users can access the portal and associated data after agreeing to terms of use. From the Data Hub, users can also reach 'controlled access' data (e.g., whole genome sequences) only for those studies for which they have obtained approval by an NIH Data Access Committee through the corresponding dbGaP study. A thoughtful linkage strategy to identify duplicate participants across studies enables researchers to merge multiple datasets and data types to create richer datasets and reduce costly redundancies in large-scale data generation (e.g., -omics) while mitigating potential risks introduced by linkage.Based on recommendations from the NICHD Office of Data Science and Sharing, which completed a comprehensive assessment of existing Privacy Protecting Record Linkage (PPRL) and associated data governance solutions, the INCLUDE DCC and the associated NIH Steering Committee have implemented NIMH Data Archive Global Unique Identifiers (NDA GUIDs) in the INCLUDE Data Hub. The NDA GUID Tool is a government-owned and operated PPRL technology that enables researchers to link data from multiple sources to the same individual without revealing personally identifiable information (PII). With the NDA GUID Tool, the same participant information will return the same GUID whenever or wherever it is entered. The GUID itself is not personally identifiable information or protected health information. Sharing data with NDA GUIDs allows approved researchers to link together data on a single participant, even if the data were collected at different locations or through different studies or are distributed from different data repositories. This dbGaP study enables researchers to access an INCLUDE GUID Mapping File that includes all available NDA GUIDs and their associations to study-specific Participant IDs across studies in the INCLUDE Data Hub. This dbGaP study only distributes NDA GUIDs associated with the INCLUDE Data Hub datasets. To access the associated controlled-access datasets, add the corresponding dbGaP studies to your Data Access Request. A list of these studies is available on the INCLUDE Data Hub Portal: https://portal.includedcc.org/studies.

  Study phs003678

• Conserved features of TERT promoter duplications reveal an activation mechanism that mimics hotspot mutations in cancer

  Mutations in the TERT promoter are the single most common non-coding mutation in cancer and represent the genetic underpinnings of tumor cell immortality. Beyond the two most common point mutations, G228A and G250A, which selectively recruit the ETS factor GABP to activate TERT, the significance of other variants in the TERT promoter are unknown. We identified duplications of wildtype sequence within the core promoter region of TERT in 7 different cancer types that have strikingly similar features including size, insertion position, and inclusion of one of the native ETS motifs. Each duplication activates the TERT promoter to a similar level as G228A and G250A and is critically dependent on the insertion site. The GABP tetramer binds to the TERT duplicated promoter sequence by virtue of the native ETS motif and its duplicated version with precise spacing, and it is necessary for the transcriptional activation by all duplications tested. Spatiotemporal analysis in a multifocal glioblastoma shows the duplication is clonal and its activation of TERT is readily detectable at the single cell level and in bulk tumor tissue. We conclude that recurrent TERT promoter duplications of the native ETS sequence are functionally and mechanistically equivalent to the hotspot mutations that confer tumor cell immortality. The shared mechanism of these divergent somatic genetic alterations suggests a strong selective pressure for recruitment of the GABP tetramer to activate TERT.

  Study EGAS00001006118

• National Institute on Aging (NIA) Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Initiative: The Multiplex Family Study

  Multiplex Family StudyThe purpose of the NIA Genetics Initiative: Multiplex Family Study is to identify families with multiple members diagnosed with late-onset Alzheimer's Disease. Families will be characterized clinically and blood samples will be collected to establish cell lines. If a blood sample is not available, autopsy samples will be collected for DNA extraction and storage. Our goal is to recruit 1,000 families over the course of the study. Clinical and demographic data from these families will be collected at the local site and coded data, without identifiers, will be sent and included in a national database of families with Alzheimer's Disease. This database, along with the biological samples, will be housed at the National Cell Repository for Alzheimer's Disease (NCRAD) at Indiana University. The Center or provider and the Cell Repository must sign a Material Transfer Agreement for shipment of biological samples and phenotypic data to NCRAD. The biological samples and data from these families will be available to qualified researchers, who must sign a Material Transfer Agreement before receiving DNA and data. An oversight committee known as the Cell Bank Advisory Committee (CBAC) will review and monitor the process of family identification and enrollment, data collection, the establishment of cell lines and access to samples. LOAD CIDR ProjectThe first 362 families of the Multiplex Family Study (including 2,105 family members) were included in a 6K SNP genome-wide scan at the NIH-supported, Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). An additional 297 unrelated, healthy controls were also genotyped at CIDR. The average age of onset of AD in the genotyped sample is 74 years and 62% of the sample is women. While primarily Caucasian, 3% are African-American, and 3% are of Hispanic ancestry. 72% of the families had at least 2 affected siblings, whereas 21% had 3 or more sampled affected individuals and 7% had 4 or more genotyped, affected family members.

  Study phs000160

• Systems biology of Colorectal Cancer

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in both males and females, and it is perhaps the best understood of all epithelial tumors in terms of its molecular origin. Yet, despite large amount of work that has concentrated on understanding of colon tumorigenesis, we still do not know the full complement of molecular lesions that are individually necessary – and together sufficient – to cause colorectal cancer. Neither do we understand why some specific mutations that are relatively rare in other tumors (e.g. loss of the APC tumor suppressor) are extremely common in colorectal cancer. We propose here to use the tools of systems biology to develop a quantitative and comprehensive model of colorectal tumorigenesis. The model will include identification of cell-type specific and oncogenic pathways that contribute to colon tumorigenesis, and explain in molecular detail how a genotype of an individual CRC leads to activation of downstream genes that drive uncontrolled cell growth. This model will subsequently be used to find novel therapeutic targets, to guide genetic screening to identify individuals with elevated risk for developing CRC, and to classify patients into molecular subgroups to select the treatment combination that is optimal for each patient (personalized medicine). The specific objectives of the SYSCOL project are: 1. Identify genetic markers for individual risk using genotyping and sequencing of constitutional DNA from sporadic and familial CRC cases and controls 2. Identify genes and regulatory elements that contribute to colorectal cancer cell growth 3. Use data from Aims 1-2 to develop a quantitative model for colorectal tumorigenesis 4. Apply the model for identification of high-risk individuals, for molecular classification of the disease, and for identification of novel molecular treatment targets

  Study EGAS00001000854

• Genomic Tumor Correlates of Clinical Outcomes Following Organ-Sparing Chemoradiation Therapy for Bladder Cancer

  Bladder preservation with trimodality therapy (TMT), consisting of transurethral tumor resection followed by chemoradiation, is an alternative to radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but molecular determinants of response are poorly understood. Patients with cT2-T4aN0M0 MIBC treated with definitive-intent chemoradiation as part of TMT were retrospectively identified from a single institution between 1986-2015. Pre-treatment Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) tumors from 76 MIBC patients were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Our integrated analysis yielded insights into molecular features associated with favorable long-term response to TMT, including alterations in DNA damage response genes. Of these, mutations in ERCC2, a DNA helicase in the nucleotide excision repair pathway, were significantly associated with improved long-term outcomes after TMT, particularly in patients who received concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

  Study phs003402

• The transcriptomic response of skeletal muscle in life-long high-level trained and untrained men and women after acute exercise

  To investigate the influence of lifelong exercise training on the response of skeletal muscle to a bout of acute exercise we generated global transcriptomic data from long-term endurance (8 men, 8 women) and strength (8 men, 8 women) trained individuals and healthy age-matched untrained controls (8 men, 8 women). Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from M. vastus lateralis before, directly after, and after 1h and 3hrs following acute exercise. All subjects completed one bout of acute endurance exercise and one bout of acute resistance exercise, separated by 4-8 weeks. All 384 samples were multiplexed in 4 lanes and sequenced (2x250bp paired end) on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000.

  Dataset EGAD00001008663

• Genomewide Association Study of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorder in Australian Twin-Families (OZ-ALC GWAS)

  The Australian twin-family study of alcohol use disorder (OZALC study) derives from telephone diagnostic interview studies of two general population volunteer cohorts of Australian twins (cohort 1, mostly born 1940-1964; cohort 2, born 1964-71) and the spouses of the former cohort - a total of over 11,000 families. Three coordinated studies, using a shared assessment protocol and with a shared goal of gene-discovery, were conducted - one funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the others by the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse - by investigators associated with the Midwest Alcoholism Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis, and investigators at Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia (led by Professor Nicholas Martin), using informative families identified from these cohorts. The first of these (NIDA Nicotine Addiction Genetics [NAG] project, PI Pamela Madden) identified index cases from the 3 cohorts with a history of heavy smoking (smoked 20 or more cigarettes daily, or 40 or more cigarettes on 1 or more occasions) and with additional available full siblings who were smokers, and interviewed and obtained blood samples from twins, and cooperative full siblings and parents, in order to identify families that would be informative for linkage analysis of a quantitative heaviness of smoking trait. The second identified additional families with an index case who either reported a history of alcohol dependence (DSM-IV), or scored above the 85th percentile on a quantitative measure of heaviness of alcohol use (alcohol factor score), derived from measures of frequency of heavy drinking, frequency of drinking to intoxication, and typical weekly consumption in standard drinks (all referenced to the respondent's heaviest drinking period) and of lifetime maximum 1-day alcohol consumption and maximum tolerance to alcohol (drinks before getting drunk or before feeling effects of alcohol). Interview and DNA were obtained from index cases and siblings, and DNA only from available parents. The goal of this second study (NIAAA OZ-ALCOHOL EDAC study, PI Andrew Heath) was to identify sibships including pairs who were either extreme concordant for the quantitative consumption measure (both scoring above the 85th percentile) or extreme discordant (one scoring above the 85th percentile and one scoring below the 30th percentile) that would be informative for linkage analysis. The third identified additional sibships solely on the basis of large sibship size, regardless of alcohol or tobacco use phenotypes (NIAAA OZ-BIGSIB study, PIs the late Richard Todd, Andrew Heath). From these coordinated studies a case-control series of alcohol dependent individuals and unaffected controls were constructed for a family-based Genomewide Association Study (OZALC-GWAS) of heaviness of alcohol use and alcohol dependence, funded by the National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse. These data are made available here for all investigators studying outcomes related to alcohol or tobacco use (including major depressive disorder).

  Study phs000181