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• Exome Sequencing to Define the Landscape of Plasma Cells in Systemic Light chain Amyloidosis

  Systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin light chains as amyloid fibrils in different organs, where they form toxic protein aggregates. The underlying disease is a plasma cell disorder, but limited whole exome data are available. We report the findings of an exome sequencing study in AL to define a plasma cell signature and compare this to monoclonal gammopathy of undefined significance (MGUS) and myeloma (MM). Twenty-four samples from unselected newly diagnosed untreated AL patients were analysed. CD138+ cells were isolated from bone marrow cells using MACSorting (Miltenyi Biotech, Bisley, UK). Cells were lysed in RLT+ buffer and DNA/RNA extracted using the AllPrep kit (Qiagen, Manchester, UK). Peripheral blood was isolated from patients, white blood cells purified by Ficoll-Pacque and DNA extracted using the QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen). There were a median of 47 acquired nonsynonymous variants (range 4-253) per patient. Thirty percent of patients yielded a mutation in a myeloma driver gene. These mutations were either clonal or sub-clonal. There was evidence of MAPK activation with NRAS mutations, NF-κB activation and DNA repair pathway alterations. Exome data were used to determine the cytogenetic groups of AL samples and identified hyperdiploidy in 33% of cases and t(11;14) in 33% of cases. All translocations were generated via class switch recombination and breakpoints on chromosome 11 fell into the expected regions. A novel translocation, unlikely to be driving disease progression was identified involving RCC1. Finally, further analysis of the APCS gene encoding for the SAP protein did not show any biased genotype in the AL population in comparison to the general population. We conclude that exome sequencing identifies a genetic make-up of AL that is similar to other plasma cell disorders such as MM and MGUS. This not only includes copy number abnormalities and translocations but also nonsynonymous mutations.

  Study EGAS00001001418

• Whole exome sequencing of germline DNA was performed and subsequent polymorphisms in genes known and putatively involved in the innate immune response to fungi were identified

  Disease can be conceptualized as the result of interactions between infecting microbe and holobiont, the combination of a host and its microbial communities. It is likely that genomic variation in the host, infecting microbe, and commensal microbiota are key determinants of infectious disease clinical outcomes. However, until recently, simultaneous, multiomic investigation of infecting microbe and holobiont components has rarely been explored. Herein, we characterized the infecting microbe, host, micro- and mycobiomes leading up to infection onset in a leukemia patient that developed invasive mucormycosis. We discovered that the patient was infected with a strain of the recently described Mucor velutinosus species which we determined was hypervirulent in a Drosophila challenge model and has a predisposition for skin dissemination. After completing the infecting M. velutinosus genome and genomes from four other Mucor species, comparative pathogenomics was performed and assisted in identifying 66 M. velutinosus-specific putatively secreted proteins, including multiple novel secreted aspartyl proteinases which may contribute to the unique clinical presentation of skin dissemination. Whole exome sequencing of the patient revealed multiple non-synonymous polymorphisms in genes critical to control of fungal proliferation, such as TLR6 and PTX3. Moreover, the patient had a non-synonymous polymorphism in the NOD2 gene and a missense mutation in FUT2, which have been linked to microbial dysbiosis and microbiome diversity maintenance during physiologic stress, respectively. In concert with host genetic polymorphism data, the micro- and mycobiome analyses revealed that the infection developed amid a dysbiotic microbiome with low α-diversity, dominated by staphylococci. Additionally, longitudinal mycobiome data showed that M. velutinosus DNA was detectable in oral samples preceding disease onset. Our genome-level study of the host-infecting microbe-commensal triad extends the concept of personalized genomic medicine to the holobiont-infecting microbe interface thereby offering novel opportunities for using synergistic genetic methods to increase understanding of infectious diseases pathogenesis and clinical outcomes.

  Study EGAS00001001542

• TOPDECC-Trans-omics for Precision Dentistry and Early Childhood Caries: Genome-Wide Genotyping (CIDR) and Microbiome in the ZOE 2.0 Study

  The ZOE 2.0 study is a cross-sectional genetic epidemiologic investigation of early childhood oral health, conducted in a state-wide, community-based, multi-ethnic sample of 3-5-year-old preschool-age children in North Carolina, United States. Between 2016-2019, 8,059 children were enrolled and 6,404 of them underwent comprehensive oral-clinical examinations that provided usable data on dental caries (i.e., early childhood caries; ECC) phenotypes. Saliva samples and supragingival biofilm samples were collected by 10 trained and calibrated examiners during the clinical encounters that took place in enrolled children's preschool (Head Start) centers. Specifically, the study enrolled participants and conducted clinical examinations in 260 Head Start centers that belonged to 34 Head Start programs in NC. 6,262 participants provided clinical data and had extracted DNA that met quantity and quality criteria for high-density genotyping and 6,144 of them were retained in the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Additional information on oral health-related behaviors, risk factors and self-reported outcomes was collected prior to the conduct of the clinical exam using self-administered questionnaires completed by children's guardians. Height and weight measurements were used to derive measures of adiposity. A domestic water sample for fluoride concentration measurement was obtained after the clinical examination for approximately 25% of study participants, to provide a measure of environmental exposure to this known caries-preventive agent and this information was subsequently imputed to the entire cohort using a novel GIS-informed method. Supragingival biofilm samples for microbiome analyses were collected from all participating children. Biofilm samples from a pilot 5% (n=300) of the cohort were carried forward to WGS (metagenomics; MTG) and RNAseq (metatranscriptomics; MTX) analyses, and these sequence data are being released via the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) in this dbGaP accession: 300 participants with MTG, 297 of those with MTX. Of note, the 17 participants with MTG data did not have genotypes produced, therefore the study's released participant total count is 6161, including 6144 (with genotypes released) plus 17 (with no genotypes released but with MTG data in the SRA).The study's primary objective is to identify risk loci and gene sets/pathways for ECC and related traits (e.g., caries prevalence and severity) by conducting a trans-ethnic GWAS. Genotyping is based on the Infinium™ Global Diversity Array and the TOPMed panel is used for imputation via the University of Michigan Imputation server. Secondarily, the ZOE 2.0 seeks to determine prevalence and severity of dental caries, other oral disease outcomes, and putative risk factors for dental caries in this low-income population-based sample of European-, African-, and Hispanic/Latino-American preschool-age children.

  Study phs002232

• The Genomic Landscape of Mongolian Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  Background and Hypotheses: Mongolia has the highest reported incidence of - and mortality from - hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the world, which is between three and seven times higher than that observed in other high-incidence populations, such as South Korea, Thailand, and China. Although its causative factors and underlying tumor biology remain unknown, risk factors such as chronic hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus infection are highly prevalent. Moreover, Mongolia has an extraordinarily high prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV), more than ten times above the global estimate, which we hypothesize as a major driver of Mongolian hepatocarcinogenesis. By performing a comprehensive and integrative genomic characterization, we aimed to identify robust molecular subclasses and driver features informative of the etiology and progression of the disease. This study, the first one of this nature ever to be conducted on a Mongolian cohort, identifies similarities to previous studies performed on other populations (which reflect general characteristics of liver carcinogenesis) as well as unique features of Mongolian HCC. Study Design and Methods: Clinical information and paired tumor/non-tumor liver tissue samples were obtained from 76 HCC patients undergoing surgery at the National Cancer Center of Mongolia. Transcriptome sequencing and whole exome sequencing were performed on all tumor and non-tumor samples, followed by bioinformatics processing and quality control. Consensus clustering and regularized Cox regression analyses were performed on transcriptome data. Driver mutations and mutational signatures were assessed. These results were compared to those from 373 HCC patients of different races and ethnicities and diverse etiologies. Furthermore, molecular subclass gene signatures from multiple previous studies were assessed for validation. Results and Conclusions: Using a transcriptomics-based unsupervised approach, we identified four molecular subclasses among Mongolian HCC cases, which were associated with different patient survival outcomes. These molecular subclasses were mapped to signatures reported in other HCC cohorts, showing significant associations consistent with survival outcomes. A supervised analysis determined risk scores strongly associated with survival, consistent with the four molecular subclasses. Mutational signature analysis using recently published COSMIC and Environmental Agents Compendia identified signatures with distinct prevalence among HDV+ and HVD- groups. Signatures differentially associated with HDV+ include mutational patterns linked to alkylating agents (such as temozolomide), tobacco chewing and exposures to 1,8-Dinitropyrene and furan, whereas HDV- appeared differentially associated with aristolochic acid II. In addition to common driver mutations (TP53, CTNNB1) frequently found in pan-cancer analysis, Mongolian HCC exhibits several unique drivers (most notably GTF2IRD2B, PNRC2, and SPTA1), the latter of which may be linked to HDV infection. These results suggest the existence of new molecular mechanisms at play in Mongolian hepatocarcinogenesis.

  Study phs002000

• Kids First and INCLUDE: Down Syndrome, Heart Defects, and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  This project is a collaboration with the trans-NIH INvestigation of Co-occurring conditions across the Lifespan to Understand Down syndromE (INCLUDE) Project, which seeks to improve health and quality-of-life for individuals with Down syndrome, and NHLBI's TransOmics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, which seeks to apply omics technologies to improve scientific understanding of the fundamental biological processes that underlie heart, lung, blood, and sleep (HLBS) disorders. The data is also available at the INCLUDE Data Hub. Down syndrome (DS), which occurs due to trisomy 21, is one of the strongest risk factors for both congenital heart disease (CHD) and acute leukemia. For instance, children with DS have a 2000-fold increased risk of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) and a 20-fold increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). An important and innovative aspect of the Kids First program is understanding the overlap between structural birth defects and childhood cancer. Notably, the background of DS predisposes children to both of these phenotypes, however, the genomic architecture of risk remains largely undiscovered. In this joint Kids First/TOPMed/INCLUDE project, we are currently including >2,000 samples for whole-genome sequencing, including: 1) paired germline-tumor samples from children with DS-ALL; and 2) samples from families with DS-CHD. This work will advance our understanding of the developmental pathways that may lead to both structural birth defects and childhood cancer. The objectives of this study are to determine the genetic variants underlying AVSD and ALL risk in children with DS. Therefore, the aims of our study are: 1) compare whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data between children with documented DS-AVSD and children with DS who have structurally normal hearts to identify genetic variants that perturb heart development; and 2) compare WGS data between children with documented DS-ALL and children (from Aim 1) with DS who do not have a known history of ALL. We will also examine associations between germline mutations and somatic genomic features. This study will address the fundamental question of why children with DS have an elevated risk of AVSD and ALL. Insights into the genes that drive DS-AVSD and DS-ALL may have implications for improved genetic counseling, surveillance, clinical management, and treatment strategies for these children. Additionally, our findings may inform targeted therapies or interventions for children without DS who are at risk for structural birth defects and cancer. Additional Pediatric Cardiac Genetics Consortium (PCGC) data from children affected with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease are accessible through two separate dbGaP studies: phs001138 (Kids First) and phs001194 (TOPMed).

  Study phs002330

• Analyzing Somatic Mutagenesis in Systemic Sclerosis

  The study was undertaken with the aim of estimating differences in the mutational burden in lung tissues from healthy vs systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. SSc is an auto-immune disease, with patients often developing cancer. However, the etiology of this phenomenon is poorly understood. As such we sought to uncover potential molecular mechanisms prevalent within SSc tissues that might be potentiating cancer. Samples were randomly collected from individuals from two broad ethnic groups, European (EA) and African American (AA). In total, samples were obtained from 7 individuals belonging to the EA group and 4 individuals from the AA group. For this study, ethnicity was not included as a confounding variable, given that the data set has roughly comparable number of individuals from both ethnicities for the healthy and SSc cohorts. Study participants ranged in age from 37-63 years old. Median age (52 years old) of healthy individuals was comparable to the SSc cohort (~48 years old). Participants were self-described as current/former smokers or non-smokers. Lung tissues were obtained under a protocol approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent statements were provided to the University of Pittsburgh IRB by the study participants/patients. Sample sizes were determined by the ability of bulk lung fibroblast tissues to stably propagate in culture until single cell clones could be obtained. Samples for which sufficient cell density could not be achieved for downstream high-depth sequencing analysis were excluded from the study and are not reported. Five or greater than 5 samples are collected from each cohort including healthy and SSc patients. Subjects were allocated to two basic cohorts based on diagnosis at the time of explant. Participants with no reported lung anomalies were allocated to the "healthy" cohort, whereas individuals with reported lung abnormalities, primarily SSc with pulmonary fibrosis and/or hypertension were allocated to the "SSc" cohort. All tissue samples were cultured, propagated and processed in identical fashion without requiring individual-specific protocols. Additionally, equivalent amounts of DNA were used for preparing sequencing libraries from both cohorts, and all samples were sequenced using Illumina whole genome sequencing (WGS) and analyzed using identical computational pipelines. Our study primarily discovered that there is a significantly higher burden of somatic mutations in SSc samples, compared to healthy samples. We observed an overall increase in a range of mutations in genomes of SSc patients, including single base substitutions, indels, structural variants and copy number alterations. Additionally, we uncovered a novel mutation signature associated with SSc samples, hinting at the activity of POLH in these samples, and highlighting the potential nexus between inflammation, DNA damage, and cancer.

  Study phs003700

• Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing as comprehensive diagnostic tool for acute myeloid leukemia.

  BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of malignant hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow that are arrested in differentiation. In AML pathogenesis, hematopoietic progenitor cells acquire multiple genetic aberrations often occurring in the same set of genes that ultimately lead to malignant transformation. In the WHO classification 2016, six AML classes with different prognosis are identified by chromosomal translocations measured by standard cytogenetics. All balanced translocations produce fusion genes, except for t(3;3)/inv(3;3), which lead to overexpression of MECOM/EVI1 associated with poor prognosis. For accurate risk assessment of cytogenetically normal AML, four genes need to be screened to distinguish AML with mutated NPM1 in the absence of FLT3 mutations and AML with bi-allelic CEBPA mutations, which have a favorable prognosis, and AML with RUNX1 mutations which have a poor prognosis. Recently, a full genomic classification system has been proposed by Papaemmanuil et al. (NEJM 2016). In this system, the same six classes with chromosomal translocations are identified by standard cytogenetics as well as five additional classes characterized by genetic mutations in 14 different genes. AimThe aim of the study was to investigate whether whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) can be used as single technology for classification of AML. MethodA panel of 100 AML were analyzed and a bio-informatics pipeline called HAMLET (Human AML Expedited Transcriptomics) was developed in which 4 modules are integrated to detect (1) fusion genes, (2) small variants in 13 recurrently mutated genes, (3) internal tandem duplications in FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) and partial tandem duplications in KMT2A (KMT2A-PTD) and (4) overexpression of MECOM/EVI1. All mutations that were called by HAMLET were validated by diagnostic data as available for all 100 AML or targeted PCR followed by Sanger or next generation sequencing on all positive AML and at least an equal number of negative cases. Results & discussionThe data showed that HAMLET accurately identified all genetic aberrations with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, in 7 AML, fusion transcripts were detected that are not measured by standard cytogenetics including three cases that lack any class-defining lesion according to Papaemmanuil et al. Moreover, overexpression of MECOM/EVI1 was detected in two AML with inv(3) as well as in five cases without inv(3)/t(3;3), and a gene signature was measured to distinguish AML with CEBPA mutations with favorable prognosis. In conclusion, HAMLET provides a comprehensive and flexible pipeline for RNAseq analysis to retrieve all relevant information for current classification of AML as well as additional information that may improve classification in the future.

  Study EGAS00001003096

• Evolution of an adenomacarcinoma in response to selection by targeted kinase inhibitors

  Background - Adenocarcinomas of the tongue are rare and represent the minority (20-25%) of salivary gland tumors affecting the tongue. We investigated the utility of massively parallel sequencing to characterize an adenocarcinoma of the tongue, before and after treatment. Results - In the pre-treatment tumor we identified 7,629 genes within regions of copy number gain. 1,078 genes exhibited increased expression relative to the blood and unrelated tumors and four genes contained somatic protein-coding mutations. Our analysis suggested the tumor cells were driven by the RET oncogene. Genes whose protein products are targeted by the RET inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib correlated with being amplified and or highly expressed. Consistent with our observations administration of sunitinib was associated with stable disease lasting 4 months, after which the lung lesions began to grow. Administration of sorafenib and sulindac provided disease stabilization for an additional 3 months after which the cancer progressed and new lesions appeared. A recurring metastasis possessed 7,288 genes within copy number amplicons, 385 genes exhibiting increased expression relative to other tumours and 9 new somatic protein coding mutations. The observed mutations and amplif ications were consistent with therapeutic resistance arising through activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways. Conclusions - We conclude that complete genomic characterization of a rare tumour has the potential to aid in clinical decision making and identifying therapeutic approaches where no established treatment protocols exist. These results also provide direct in-vivo genomic evidence for mutational evolution within a tumor under drug selection and potential mechanisms of drug resistance accrual.

  Study EGAS00000000074

• Chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to next-generation whole genome sequencing (ChIP-Seq) for H3K36me3 in paediatric high grade glioma cell lines KKNS4 and SF188 with and without a G34V mutation in H3F3A

  Glioblastomas of children and young adults have a median survival of only 12-15months and are clinically and biologically distinct from histologically similar cancers in older adults1. They are defined by highly specific mutations in the gene encoding the histone H3.3 variant H3F3A2, occurring either at or close to key residues marked by methylation for regulation of transcription – K27 and G34. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to next-generation whole genome sequencing (ChIP-Seq) for H3K36me3 in order to test the hypothesis that, rather than total H3K36me3, the G34V mutation may instead result in differential binding of the trimethyl mark throughout the genome. Compared with H3F3A wild-type SF188 paediatric GBM cells, H3K36me3 was found to be significantly differentially bound in KNS42 cells at 5130 distinct regions of the genome corresponding to 156 genes. Concurrent whole genome DNA sequencing demonstrated that this was not confounded by copy number alterations. The cerebral hemispheric-specific G34 mutation drives a distinct expression signature through differential genomic binding of the K36 trimethylation mark (H3K36me3). The transcriptional program induced recapitulates that of the developing forebrain, and involves numerous markers of stem cell maintenance, cell fate decisions and self-renewal. Critically, H3F3A G34 mutations cause profound upregulation of MYCN, a potent oncogene which is causative of glioblastomas when expressed in the correct developmental context. This driving aberration is selectively targetable in this patient population by inhibiting kinases responsible for stabilisation of the protein.

  Study EGAS00001001437

• The complex SNP and CNV genetic architecture of the increased risk of congenital heart defects in Down syndrome

  Here we aimed to contribute to the description of the genetic architecture of Congenital heart defect (CHD) in Down syndrome (DS), and report the results of a genome-wide association study using samples from DS individuals with and without CHD. CHD is a common developmental defect of DS occurring in 40% of cases. This case-control GWAS includes 187 DS with CHD as cases, and 151 DS without CHD as controls.

  Study EGAS00000000129

• Differential gene expression in the colon mucosa of irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhea-predominant symptoms

  The aim of this study is to characterize the pathophysiology of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) on the functional level and in parallel on the gene expression level. For this purpose RNAseq of mucosal biopsies was performed. The data from the differential expression analysis will be further processed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to gather Information on activated or inhibited signaling pathways in the disease.

  Study EGAS50000000046

• Mutations in GNAI2 Cause Developmental and Immune Dysregulation

  To define a genetic syndrome of dysmorphism, brain malformations, skeletal defects, endocrine and immune dysfunction, 11 patients from 11 unrelated families who had similar features were studied. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify disease-causing mutations. A disease segregated with de-novo or autosomal dominant mutations in a single gene, GNAI2, encoding the Gαi2 protein. We define a new Congenital Disorder associated with Gαi2 mutations and downstream functional effects.

  Study phs002817

• Autosomal recessive

  To define a genetic syndrome of combined immunodeficiency, severe autoimmunity, and developmental delay, 4 patients from two families who had similar syndromic features were studied. To identify disease-causing mutations, we performed whole exome sequencing for one patient and her healthy parent from Family 1 and also for one patient from Family 2. Disease segregated with novel autosomal recessive mutations in a single gene, tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPP2) gene. The result defines a new human metabolic immunodeficiency.

  Study phs000848

• Andersen-Tawil Syndrome: Genotype-phenotype correlation and longitudinal study

  Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (ATS) is a rare, genetic disorder that causes episodes of muscle weakness, potentially life-threatening changes in heart rhythm, and developmental abnormalities. Disease symptoms can vary, the cause of some ATS cases remains unknown, and no specific treatment has been identified. The purpose of this multi-site study is to better characterize ATS, establish whether symptoms change over time, and determine if symptoms are related to a mutation in the KCNJ2 gene.

  Study phs001289

• Molecular genetic analysis of inherited kidney dysfunction

  Samples were chosen for sequencing from a set of probands from pedigrees with apparently inherited forms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Several genes have been identified which when mutated cause FSGS under both recessive and dominant inheritance patterns. These known genes are estimated to explain less than 50% of inherited FSGS. We chose samples from individuals in which previous analyses of known disease genes failed to identify likely disease-causing mutations.

  Study phs000484

• Post-liver transplant recurrent human hepatocellular carcinoma study (RHCCS)

  The whole exome sequencing showed that HERC5 deletion and under-expression associates with shorter: time to tumor recurrence, progression-free, and overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in two independent studies (p1=0.004, HR1=1.80; p2=0.018, HR2=3.31) totaling 286 HCC patients. Matched primary and recurrent tumors indicated a clonal selection advantage in somatic single nucleotide and copy number variants (CNVs) in recurrent compared to primary tumors of Chinese HCC patients with Wnt signaling most activated.

  Study phs000782

• RNA Sequencing of Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells in Pulmonary Hypertensive Patients and Controls

  The transcriptome of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from healthy lungs and from lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension have been analyzed and specific differences in disease-relevant pathways were identified. The genes identified as altered in these patients have direct effects on pulmonary arterial endothelial cell function. This finding may underlie the inability of the pulmonary vasculature to respond to and repair the damage observed in pulmonary hypertension.

  Study phs000998

• Stand Up 2 Cancer (SU2C) Genomics-Enabled Medicine for Melanoma (GEMM) Trial

  The goal of the GEMM Trial is to ascertain if comprehensive and systematic interrogation of a patient's tumor molecular profile improves outcomes compared to the current practice of physician's choice for metastatic melanoma patients who have progressed following first line therapy. The data shared here includes tumor/normal exome and tumor RNAseq data for the trial patients, as well as archival data for a subset of patients.

  Study phs001786

• Genome Sequencing of Large, Multigenerational CEPH/Utah Families

  Blood-derived DNA samples were collected from 603 members of large, multigenerational families, collected as part of the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) consortium. These DNA samples were sequenced (using Illumina HiSeq technology) to a median genome-wide depth of 30X. Sequenced reads from each individual were aligned to the human reference genome (hg19), generating CRAM files for each individual. Variant calls in VCF format were obtained using the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK).

  Study phs001872

• Gene Fusion Discovery through RNA Sequencing of Human Glioblastoma Stem Cell Lines

  We used massively parallel, paired-end sequencing of expressed transcripts (RNA-seq) to detect novel gene fusions in short-term cultures of glioma stem-like cells freshly isolated from nine patients carrying primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The culture of primary GBM tumors under serum-free conditions selects cells that retain phenotypes and genotypes closely mirroring primary tumor profiles as compared to serum-cultured glioma cell lines that have largely lost their developmental identities.

  Study phs000505

• Correlates of Human Nerve Repair

  This is a longitudinal prospective cohort study in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome undergoing decompression surgery. Phenotypic data and skin biopsies were collected before and 6 months after surgery to determine molecular and cellular correlates associated with neural regeneration and neuropathic pain. RNA sequencing was performed in the skin samples and differential gene expression was determined post compared to pre surgery. The molecular changes identified in skin were correlated with the clinical phenotype representing neural regeneration.

  Study phs001796

• Extracellular microRNA Biomarkers for Diagnostic and Prognostic Assessment of Preeclampsia at Triage

  This study is comprised of samples from 123 donors (71 cases and 52 controls) undergoing evaluation for preeclampsia. All samples were collected between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation. Small RNA sequencing was done on serum RNA obtained from donors. We were able to identify 3 bivariate extracellular miRNA biomarkers that can enable early diagnosis of preeclampsia. The raw fastq small-RNA sequencing fastq files will be submitted to dbGaP.

  Study phs003169

• Ataxia Gene Identification by Integrated Genomic Analysis

  Ataxias are a group of diseases that result in a lack of coordinated muscle movement. Hereditary ataxias are genetically heterogeneous and it is reported that 40% of suspected genetic ataxias currently have an unknown cause. We used exome sequencing to detect mutations responsible for ataxia. We sequenced, when available, multiple individuals per family to identify family specific mutations and further confirmed segregation of variants using samples from available affected and unaffected family members.

  Study phs000757

• Neoadjuvant Pazopanib in Renal Cell Carcinoma

  This study examined the tissue of patients who received oral pazopanib prior to nephrectomy. Patients were consented and underwent a pre-treatment biopsy. Pretreatment samples for analysis were preserved as available. Subjects underwent a proscribed course of treatment with pazopanib. At the completion of treatment, subjects underwent a planned nephrectomy, and samples were collected from the nephrectomy specimen. We recorded response to treatment, adverse events, and 2 year follow up for recurrence.

  Study phs002053

• The MALT1 Locus and Peanut Avoidance in the Risk for Peanut Allergy

  The LEAP study was a randomized controlled clinical trial in children at increased risk for peanut allergy, in which intervention using dietary introduction of peanut protein beginning in the first 4 to 11 months of life, continued until age 5 years, significantly decreased the frequency of peanut allergy later in childhood and modulated the immune response to peanuts. All subject phenotype data will be hosted on ITN Trial Share under the LEAP study.

  Study phs001851

• Genetic Analysis of Syndromic Orofacial Clefting

  The goal of this study is to identify previously unknown genetic causes of human syndromic cleft lip/palate by using genome sequencing. Many previous studies have shown that isolated cleft lip and/or palate are not often likely to be monogenic or Mendelian diseases. We hope that by focusing on syndromic presentations, we will find novel causes of disorders which include orofacial clefting among their phenotype(s). Data provided will be fastq files from sequencing partners.

  Study phs002997

• A Multimodal Atlas of Human Brain Cell Types 2021 Data

  Human neocortical neurons display diverse morphology, physiology and gene expression profiles. We use a method called Patch-seq, where these three data modalities are assayed simultaneously from the same neuron, to understand how the genetic profile of human neocortical neuron types corresponds to their morphological and electrophysiological phenotypes. This dataset consists of transcriptome samples collected during Patch-seq recordings from layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the human middle temporal gyrus.

  Study phs002697

• Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Profiling of SCLC Patient Samples

  Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with poor outcomes and limited treatment options. Recent studies have identified transcriptionally defined subsets of SCLC that may allow for the personalization of treatment. Here we use transcriptomic sequencing and methylation profiling (RRBS) of biopsy and cfDNA to develop a highly accurate DNA methylation-based classifier to distinguish SCLC subtypes. These results demonstrate the clinical feasibility of molecular subtyping of SCLC.

  Study phs003416

• NHLBI TOPMed: Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Whole Genome Sequencing Project: Cardiovascular Health Study

  Participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a large population-based longitudinal cohort study (phs000287), have been included in the TOPMed project. Whole genome sequencing will be performed to contribute to multiple analyses, including cardiovascular disease risk factors, subclinical disease measures, the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and analyses of venous thromboembolism (VTE).Comprehensive phenotypic and pedigree data for study participants are available through dbGaP phs000287.

  Study phs001368

• Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis Using Integrative Genomics

  In order to identify novel therapeutic targets for calcific aortic valve stenosis, we have generated a large transcriptomic dataset from RNA sequencing of human aortic valve tissues from 500 individuals undergoing aortic valve replacement or heart transplant at the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (QUEBEC-CAVS-RNA). This dataset represents a unique resource to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying aortic valve diseases.

  Study phs003541

• Epigenetic Damage in Women Living in LA Food-Desert Zip Codes

  This study investigated the impact of insulin resistance on chromatin acetylation and inflammation. Blood samples were obtained from women consented to City of Hope Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved COH Protocol#/Ref#:18306/158149. Women provided demographic information and completed a survey assessing diet, housing and medical history. BMI was obtained from medical records. HgbA1c was measured and cytokine arrays were used to measure serum TNFalpha, IL6, IL15, IL16, IL23, Leptin, and CXCL1.

  Study phs003522

• Prognostic whole-genome and transcriptome signatures in colorectal cancers

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is caused by a sequence of somatic genomic alterations affecting driver genes in core cancer pathways1. To understand the functional and prognostic impact of cancer-causing somatic mutations, we analysed the whole genomes and transcriptomes of 1,063 primary CRCs in a population-based cohort with long-term follow-up. This study constitutes the largest integrated genome and transcriptome analysis of CRC to date, and links mutations, gene expressions and patient outcomes.

  Study EGAS50000000124

• Systematic Identification of Minor Histocompatibility Antigens Informs Outcomes after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

  This study cohort is composed of 287 patients affected by myeloid disease (AML/MDS) who were subjected to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) from an HLA-matched related donor. For each study subject, we have collected genomic DNA from both donor and recipient (D-R). Resulting germline whole exome sequencing from D-R pairs has formed the basis for applying an analytical pipeline to systematically predict minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs)

  Study phs003394

• Cas9-targeted-based long-read sequencing for genetic screening of RPE65 locus

  In order to compare sequencing performance of different technologies in a specific locus, we sequenced blood samples of five inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) patients harboring a monoallelic variant in RPE65 that remained uncharacterized with: 1) Clinical exome targeted sequencing (CES), 2) whole genome sequencing (WGS), and 3) Long-read sequencing on a MinION platform where CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNA probes were designed to target a 31 kb region including the entire RPE65 locus.

  Study EGAS50000000596

• Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) data of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients

  This study contains circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) data derived from longitudinal plasma samples of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSC) patients belonging to the DECIDER study (NCT04846933). Ovarian cancer kills more than 40 000 women in Europe each year, and HGSC is the most common and most difficult to treat subtype of this disease. This study contains different sequencing datasets with samples from different stages during the treatment of the patients.

  Study EGAS50000000674

• Measurement of the Male Germline Mutation Rate Using Sequential Sperm Samples

  We recalled 23 sperm donors with prior banked samples to provide a new sperm sample. The old and new sequential sperm samples were then profiled by high-fidelity duplex sequencing to measure individual-specific mutation rates and patterns. We also performed deep whole-genome sequencing of sequential sperm samples from two individuals followed by targeted validation, which measured remarkably stable mosaicism of clonal mutations that likely arose during embryonic and germline development.

  Study phs003716

• MOSAIC - Multi-Omics Spatial Atlas In Cancer

  MOSAIC is a collaborative initiative founded by Owkin, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, University Hospital Erlangen (UKER), Gustave Roussy Institute in Paris, and University of Pittsburgh. The goal of MOSAIC is to build the largest collection of spatial omics data in cancer. By integrating comprehensive high quality clinical annotations with advanced deep profiling techniques, MOSAIC aims to uncover novel cancer subtypes and identify key drug targets and biomarkers within them.

  Study EGAS50000000689

• Synthetic - GDI synthetic data

  Synthetic - The Genomic Data Infrastructure (GDI) project is enabling access to genomic and related phenotypic and clinical data across Europe. It is doing this by establishing a federated, sustainable and secure infrastructure to access the data. In support of FAIRness in data sharing, this dataset is made freely available under the Creative Commons Licence (CC-BY). Please ensure the GDI project (funding: EC H2020 under grant agreement number 101081813) is acknowledged.

  Study EGAS50000000678

• RODAM cohort

  The RODAM study assesses the health and wellbeing of Ghanaian residents in Ghana and Europe and follows them up over time. With this unique approach the RODAM study attempts to unravel the causes of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among African migrants in Europe and non-migrants sub-Saharan Africa. Fecal samples from RODAM participants in rural, urban Ghana and Amsterdam, the Netherlands were sequenced using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess gut microbiome differences between research sites.

  Study EGAS50000000805

• Circulating cell-free and extracellular vesicles-derived microRNA as prognostic biomarkers in patients with early-stage NSCLC: results from RESTING study

  Lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has high mortality rates. Early-stage NSCLC shows a 50% relapse rate post-surgery, with most recurrences occurring within two years and a 5-year survival of only 30%. This study focuses on the prognostic value of circulating miRNAs in surgically treated ES-NSCLC patients, aiming to assess their predictive accuracy and compare them to standard prognostic factors.

  Study EGAS50000001032

• Genetics and Pathobiology of Disorders of Keratinization

  The goal of this study was to identify potential drivers of disorders of keratinization in human. Individuals diagnosed with disorders of keratinization were recruited with no exclusion criteria. Saliva or blood samples were taken from consented patients or family members and DNA harvested immediately. Whole exome sequencing was performed (150-bp paired end reads) to 80X coverage via an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer. Identification of germline mutations was performed using GATK.

  Study phs004172

• Clonal diversity analysis and inter/intra-organ heterogeneity in urothelial carcinoma under immunotherapy

  We studied a unique autopsy case of metastatic urothelial carcinoma with both sensitivity and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. We performed multiregional analyses of 58 paired whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing samples of 8 different bulk tumor masses, 8 matched whole genome sequencing samples to identify structural abnormalities of each mass. Furthermore, we performed 7 whole exome sequencing from metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients who received anti-PD-1 therapy.

  Study JGAS000725

• Spatial omics analysis of non-small cell lung cancers for revealing molecular statuses of intratumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment

  In this study, we perform spatial transcriptome analysis Visium/Xenium and other omics analysis using surgical specimens of Japanese non-small cell lung cancer cases to understand omics statuses of cancer cells and their surrounding stromal and immune cells in local tumor regions. We aim to stratify lung cancer patients with considering intratumor heterogeneity and complicated microenvironent of lung cancer tissues by using spatial omics data and histopathological information.

  Study JGAS000613

• Genomic landscape of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma

  Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer with limited molecular characterization. This study aims to define the somatic mutational landscape of PDTC using whole-genome sequencing. Paired tumour and matched normal blood samples were collected from six patients undergoing surgery. The overarching goal is to identify recurrent mutations, structural variants, and other genomic alterations associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes.

  Study EGAS50000001134

• Cannabis impacts female fertility as evidenced by an in vitro investigation and a case-control study

  Single immature human oocytes were cultured in vitro (24h) either under control, THC1 () or THC2 (100 ng/mL Δ9-THC, 50 ng/mL 11-OH-THC, 200 ng/mL 11-COOH-THC) conditions. Oocytes were collected and subjected to SmartSeq v4 cDNA conversion, library prep (Nextera XT)), and sequencing (NovaSeq S4). The goal of this study was to determine the impact of THC on the human oocyte transcriptome.

  Study EGAS50000001052

• scRNAseq of acute myeloid leukemia

  This study analyzes T-cell transcriptional state in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and healthy donors. The goal of the study is to correlate T-cell transcriptional states abundances with response to chemotherapy. 12 samples (5 baseline and post-treatment, 2 baseline-only) from AML patients and 3 samples from healthy donors were collected and sequenced on Illumina platforms. The files were created using the GRCh38 reference through CellRanger count (10xGenomics).

  Study EGAS50000000357

• A prospective trial comparing adaptive long-read sequencing and short-read genome sequencing for genetic diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia

  This study evaluated the effectiveness of long- and short-read sequencing as diagnostic tools for CA. We recruited 110 individuals (48 females, 62 males) with a clinical diagnosis of CA. Short-read genome sequencing (SR-GS) was performed to identify pathogenic RE and also non-RE variants in 356 genes associated with CA. Long-read adaptive sequencing (LR-AS) was performed to identify pathogenic RE in 67 genes.

  Study EGAS50000000573

• Benchmark Dataset for Somatic Mutation Calling in Cell-Free DNA

  This study provides a comprehensive benchmarking resource for somatic variant detection in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cancer patients. Longitudinal plasma samples from colorectal and breast cancer cohorts were selected to create patient-matched dilution series spanning ultra-low to high circulating-tumour-DNA (ctDNA) fractions, while preserving each individual’s germline and clonal haematopoiesis background. Deep whole-genome sequencing (150×) and ultra-deep whole-exome sequencing (2,000×) generated a reference call set of ~37,000 single-nucleotide variants and ~58,000 insertions/deletions. These data enabled systematic evaluation of nine somatic variant callers across variable ctDNA levels and sequencing depths, and were further used to explore machine-learning–guided parameter tuning. The resulting dataset offers an openly accessible framework for developers and clinicians to assess and optimize somatic variant calling in liquid biopsy applications.

  Dataset EGAD50000001870

• Susceptibility loci for tanning ability in Japanese population identified by genome-wide association study

  We performed genome-wide association studies of Japanese Skin Type for Japanese individuals from a cohort study by the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project in order to identify variants related to tanning ability and skin pigmentation. We used imputed genotype data of 9,187 Japanese individuals, of which 4,475 individuals are from Miyagi prefecture and 4,712 individuals are from Iwate prefecture. Skin Type information was obtained from the questionnaire for cohort participants.

  Study JGAS000160

• New classification of occlusive cerebrovascular diseases by combining diagnostic imaging and genetic analysis of RNF213

  The aim of the study is to unravel the genetic and environmental background of moyamoya disease and to understand the pathophysiology of the disease by utilizing radiological evaluations. We will identify susceptibility genes other than RNF213. We also assess whether genetics affects radiological characteristics including collateral development, tortuosity of the main trunk of the arteries and the extent of stenosis. Environmental factors will be evaluated such as feces, urea, and cerebrospinal fluid.

  Study JGAS000540