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• Count Me In (CMI): The Metastatic Prostate Cancer (MPC) Project (CMI-MPCproject)

  Count Me In - The Metastatic Prostate Cancer Project: A Patient-Driven Research Initiative to Accelerate Metastatic Prostate Cancer Research The Metastatic Prostate Cancer Project (MPCproject; http://mpcproject.org/) is a research study that empowers men with metastatic and advanced prostate cancer to partner directly with researchers by sharing their samples and clinical information, with the ultimate goal of accelerating scientific discoveries that have clinical impact. The MPCproject enables any man with metastatic or advanced prostate cancer in the US and Canada to participate in cutting-edge genomic and molecular research, regardless of where they live. Metastatic or advanced prostate cancer patients visit the project website and complete an online questionnaire of basic information about themselves and their cancer. Enrolled patients are mailed saliva and blood draw kits, which can be used to extract germline DNA and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), respectively. The study team contacts participants' healthcare institutions to obtain medical records and a portion of archived tumor samples. Whole exome sequencing is performed on tumor DNA, germline DNA, and cfDNA, and transcriptome sequencing is performed on tumor RNA. De-identified data, including linked genomic, clinical, and patient-reported data, are shared via public databases on a recurring pre-publication basis. Participants are regularly provided with updates on the study.

  Study phs001939

• Immunoprotective mechanisms and microbiota interplay in Salmonella Typhi infection

  Vaccine development against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) requires a better understanding of interaction between human host and the resident microbial consortia in gastrointestinal tract. Healthy adult volunteers received either Ty21a, M01ZH09 or placebo, and underwent challenges with wt S. Typhi. Stool samples were collected at the screening interview (Baseline 1), prior to the first vaccination visit (Baseline 2), during vaccination (Day -28 and -26 for placebo and M01ZH09 groups; Day -32, -30, -28, -26 for Ty21a group), prior to challenge with S. Typhi (Day 0), and after challenge (day 0 12h, day 1, day 3, day 7, and day 10). 16S rRNA and messenger RNA were extracted from stool and sequenced on the Illumina Miseq and HiSeq 2000 platforms, respectively.

  Study phs001521

• Characterizing the cell-free transcriptome in a humanized DLBCL patient-derived tumor xenograft model for RNA-based liquid biopsy in a preclinical setting

  This study explores the cell-free transcriptome in a humanized DLBCL patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model. Blood plasma samples (n=171) derived from a DLBCL PDTX model including 27 humanized (HIS) PDTX, 8 HIS non-PDTX and 21 non-HIS PDTX NOD-scid IL2Rgnull mice were collected during humanization, xenografting, treatment, and sacrifice. The mice were treated with either R-CHOP, huCD20-Fc-AFN-CHOP, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). RNA was extracted using the miRNeasy serum/plasma kit and sequenced on the NovaSeq 6000 platform using the SMARTer Stranded Total RNA-seq pico v3 kit.

  Study EGAS50000000566

• European Genome-phenome Archive 15th Anniversary Celebration

  2023 marks the 15th Anniversary of the EGA, jointly managed by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) and the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG). To mark the occasion, a simultaneous celebration was held in both institutions on the 13th of December 2023. The teams gathered online to play a quiz game and celebrate all the achievements and milestones with two wonderful anniversary cakes. In 2008, the European Genome-phenome Archive was created at the EBI-EMBL in Cambridge to guarantee that human genome and phenome data were available to the international scientific community while data privacy was preserved. The six-person staff at the beginning of the project is now far behind us, with a team that reaches the number of 35 members. Since 2013, the European Bioinformatics Institute and the Centre for Genomic Regulation share responsibility for The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA). At that time, the EGA had data for about 0,5 petabytes. Currently, the Archive contains more than 12 petabytes. 2023 comes to an end with several good news. The EGA has been renewed as an ELIXIR Core Data Resource. This was announced during the GA4GH 11th Plenary held in San Francisco last September when ELIXIR-Beacon was also confirmed to be a GA4GH Driver Project. Thus, the Beacon API has maintained this title since 2018. What’s more, the first Federated EGA dataset is now live on our website. This year we also launched new services for EGA users in September. By the numbers, in 2023 the EGA counts 2.5 PB archived, 371 studies published, 208 new submitters and 19 active projects in which the team is participating, among others. We look forward to continuing to support your research in 2024!

  Blog 15-anniversary

• Botensilimab, an Fc-enhanced Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody, is Effective Against Tumors Poorly Responsive to Conventional Immunotherapy

  This study explores the genomic landscape associated with a novel Fc-engineered anti-CTLA-4 antibody (botensilimab) in advanced solid tumors. We seek to understand if enhancing the Fc-region affinity of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies can improve anti-tumor efficacy and expand clinical benefit to tumors poorly responsive to conventional immunotherapy. As part of an ongoing open-label, Phase 1, multicenter study, we conducted an exploratory sub-analysis of genomics data. The primary study evaluates the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of botensilimab monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody (balstilimab) in participants with advanced solid tumors. RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor biopsies and matched normal blood samples were isolated and subjected to RNA-sequencing using the Personalis ImmunoID NeXT Platform. We demonstrated that anti-CTLA-4 engineered for enhanced FcγR affinity leverages FcγR-dependent mechanisms to potentiate T cell responsiveness, reduce intratumoral Tregs, and enhance antigen presenting cell activation. This genomic analysis contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying patient responses to Fc-engineered anti-CTLA-4 therapy and may inform future strategies to expand the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy.

  Study phs003704

• Normative Aging Study (NAS)

  The Normative Aging Study (NAS) is a longitudinal study established by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs in 1963. Participants were male residents and free of chronic disease at the time of recruitment. Participants were invited to undergo an in-person examination every 3-5 years. Participants provided information on medical history, lifestyle and demographic factors and underwent a physical examination and laboratory tests, at each visit. Participants provided written informed consent at each visit, and the VA Boston Healthcare System Institutional Review Board approved the study.

  Study phs000853

• WGS of Multiple Myeloma/MGUS/SMM cases (germline) - VCF files (SNPs)

  WGS - PCR-free library preparation (whole blood gDNA), paired-end (2x100bp) sequencing on DNBseq sequencing platform (BGI) Number of samples: 26

  Dataset EGAD50000001800

• Fgl2 Regulates FcγRIIB+ CD8+ T Cell Responses during Infection

  While the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIB has been shown to be upregulated on activated CD8+ T cells in both mice and humans, its impact on T cell fate during infection has not been fully elucidated. We identified an increase in FcγRIIB-expressing CD8+ T cells in COVID patients relative to healthy controls, and in mouse models of viral infection. Despite its well-known role as an Fc receptor, FcγRIIB also ligates the immunosuppressive cytokine Fgl2, resulting in CD8+ T cell apoptosis. Both chronic LCMV infection in mice and COVID in humans resulted in a significant increase in plasma Fgl2. Further, plasma Fgl2 was directly proportional to CD8+ T cell lymphopenia in COVID patients. To further understand the association of Fgl2 and CD8+ T cell lymphopenia following COVID infection, we assessed the transcriptomic profiles of PBMCs with high (≥ 9.153 ng/ml) vs low (defined as

  Study phs003870

• Cross-Sectional Characterization of Idiopathic Bronchiectasis

  This GDMCC protocol will study adult patients with non-CF, idiopathic bronchiectasis, whose genetic etiologies are not known. Idiopathic bronchiectasis is reportedly more common in females with certain tall, thin body types and associated with environmental organisms, such as nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). The other susceptibility factors predisposing to bronchiectasis or acquisition of NTM are unclear. The study will attempt to broaden the understanding of this disease by comparing gender-associated factors and NTM status. A relatively equal number of both females/males and NTM/non-NTM infected subjects will be enrolled. Approximately 300 people may be screened to find 260 eligible subjects, since a small number (e.g., 40 patients) may be diagnosed with PCD, vCF, or other known etiology as an explanation for the bronchiectasis. This single-visit protocol will use a systematic approach to characterize the physical features, radiographic patterns, and associated lower airway microbial flora. There is no natural history of disease course follow-up component to this protocol. Participants will have one outpatient clinic visit for evaluation with a physical examination including detailed body size measurements, medical history, collection of blood samples for routine lab tests and genetic analyses, and a chest X-ray if no recent one is available. Participants will also have tests of lung function, and measurement of a gas called nitric oxide in the nose. Participants whose initial tests show abnormal results may also be asked to have a nasal scrape to collect cell samples and/or a skin sweat test to measure salt concentrations. Participants will also have a sputum specimen collected during the visit and will be asked to collect two additional early morning sputum samples and a mouth rinse at home within 2 weeks of the clinic visit, and mail the sample collection materials to the research team. Careful evaluation and characterization of the physical and clinical characteristics will guide the genetic characterization of idiopathic bronchiectasis, and likely lead to an improved diagnostic approach. Identification of disease causing genes may provide new therapeutic targets.

  Study phs001279

• Defining Cutaneous Gene Expression Signatures in Juvenile Dermatomyositis

  Skin inflammation in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) can signal disease onset or flare up and prevent complete disease remission. Our objective was to evaluate JDM cutaneous expression signatures through tape stripping in both lesional and non-lesional skin and as compared to paired blood. A total of 28 JDM and 20 control (CTL) patients participated in the study. All patients had tape strip sampling of non-lesional (NL) skin at enrollment visit. Within our JDM cohort, paired lesional (L) skin was additionally sampled if rash was present. 16/28 of JDM patients had at least one additional skin sample associated with a follow-up (FU) visit (total number of follow-up samples included = 26 NL and 4 L). We identified a common innate immune signature in both lesional and non-lesional JDM skin. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering of skin expression data, we distinguished a JDM molecular subgroup characterized by a mitochondrial dysfunction signature. In comparison to blood expression data, we determined that skin may more effectively highlight the JDM subgroup characterized by a mitochondrial dysfunction expression signature. Data available include bulk RNA-sequencing data from tape strips and blood of the JDM and control patients from this study.

  Study phs003884

• Oral Immunotherapy for Induction of Tolerance and Desensitization in Peanut-Allergic Children (IMPACT)

  Brief Summary:This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study comparing peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) to placebo in the induction of tolerance and desensitization in peanut-allergic children. Eligible participants with peanut allergy will be randomly assigned to receive either peanut OIT or placebo for 134 weeks followed by peanut avoidance for 26 weeks.Detailed Description:An initial oral food challenge (OFC) to 1 g of peanut flour (500 mg peanut protein) will be conducted. Participants must have a clinical reaction during this OFC to initiate study dosing. After the initial OFC, the study design includes four phases:Initial dose escalation (1 day): Peanut or placebo dosing will be given incrementally and increase every 20 minutes until a dose of 12 mg peanut flour (6 mg peanut protein) or placebo flour is given. Build-up (30 weeks): Initial observed dose administration of highest tolerated dose, followed by daily OIT at home with return visit every 2 weeks for dose escalation. Maintenance (104 weeks):The participant will continue on daily OIT with return visits every 13 weeks. At the end of this phase the participant will undergo a blinded OFC to 10 g peanut flour (5 g peanut protein). Avoidance (26 weeks): In this final phase participants will be seen every 13 weeks. At the completion of this phase participants will have a final blinded OFC to 10g peanut flour (5 g peanut protein)

  Study phs003109

• Data Access Committee KCL FC

  Dac EGAC00001000386

• Phenotype information

  This study explores the cell-free transcriptome in a humanized DLBCL patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model. Blood plasma samples (n=171) derived from a DLBCL PDTX model in-cluding 27 humanized (HIS) PDTX, 8 HIS non-PDTX and 21 non-HIS PDTX non-obese diabetic (NOD)-scid IL2Rgnull (NSG) mice were collected during humanization, xenografting, treatment, and sacrifice. The mice were treated with either rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincris-tine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), CD20-targeted human IFNα2-based AcTaferon combined with CHOP (huCD20-Fc-AFN-CHOP), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). RNA was extracted using the miRNeasy serum/plasma kit and sequenced on the NovaSeq 6000 platform using the using the SMARTer Stranded Total RNA-Seq Kit v3.

  Dataset EGAD50000000806

• New set of services for all users unveiled at the EGA

  The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) releases today a brand-new website as well as a set of improved services for users, comprising a revamped Submitter Portal with an improved API and data brokering functionality for submitters, as well as a new DAC Portal for Data Access Committee members to easily manage data access requests. The EGA team has been working hard over the past months on these improvements that will provide a better experience for the users. Discover them below! Visit our new EGA website and check the new functionalities and updated guides Our new website is live, with a fresh look and updated features to discover all the novelties. The homepage now includes three pathways to guide our users, depending on whether they want to deposit, download or manage data within the Archive. One of the most outstanding developments is the introduction of a streamlined process for requesting access to data: EGA Users can now directly request access to their preferred datasets through the website using their EGA accounts. Additionally, users can customise their profile, oversee active sessions, and manage the public keys, essential for our latest array of services, alongside a range of other features. Another major change is our new Help Desk contact method: a built-in website form tailored for user inquiries. This system, called "Need Help?", can be easily located on the top right-hand side of the website. It will encompass both EGA and Federated EGA node users' requests. We will detail its use soon, so stay tuned. Register your metadata to the EGA easily with our new Submitter Portal The new Submitter Portal makes the submission process quicker and more intuitive. The process is currently divided into sections that the user will know beforehand by taking the tour that the EGA team has created to guide users through the Portal before starting the first submission. Do not complete your data submissions alone! Our Submitter Portal now includes a collaboration mode so that every submission can be completed by authorised collaborators with an EGA Profile. There are a lot more features that we will be detailing from now on in incoming posts. A new platform for Data Access Committee Members The new DAC Portal brings novelties for individuals engaged in governance, legal, technical, operational roles, or those acting as data stewards. DAC members will be able to easily manage DACs, policies, and data access requests with the new Portal. Take the tour now to check them out! Help us improve the services completing the EGA Survey As part of our ongoing journey to improve your experience, we have created an EGA User Survey. This questionnaire covers a wide range of aspects such as user experience, support and data accessibility, among others. Participate now and take the opportunity to suggest your own improvements. Help us enhance your experience in this new era for the EGA. Subscribe to the EGA Mailing List and stay tuned In the next weeks we will share more information about the possibilities of the new services. You can easily join the EGA Mailing List to receive all the updates.

  Blog new-set-of-services-at-EGA

• Nanopore sequencing from liquid biopsy: analysis of copy number variations from cell-free DNA of lung cancer patients

  Molecular cancer paper (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-021-01327-5): This dataset contain shallow whole-genome sequencing (sWGS) of plasma cell-free DNA from cancer patients and healthy subjects, obtained with both Nanopore and Illumina technology. A total of 6 cancer patients and 5 healthy subjects have been sequenced with Nanopore; 4 of the cancer patients have been also sequenced with Illumina. In addition, genomic DNA from white blood cells of one healthy subjects, genomic and 160bp DNA from HEK cells have been sequenced with Nanopore. Genome Biology paper: 3 additional healthy samples have been sequenced (HU), two different bioinformatic pipeline were applied. 2019: Fastqs from the molecular cancer paper were re-demultiplexed and adapter-trimmed (using guppy for multiplex samples, and porechop for singleplex) preserving 5' ends to allow fragmentomics analysis. HAC: All the samples were basecalled with the same updated High Accuracy model (the latest at the time of the analysis) and post-processed as the 2019 dataset. Raw FAST5 are currently available upon request, but will be uploaded soon.

  Dataset EGAD00001006888

• Characterization of a human iPSC-derived endocrine pancreas model

  Directed differentiation of stem cells offers a scalable solution to the need for human cell models recapitulating islet biology and T2D pathogenesis. We profiled mRNA expression at six stages of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of endocrine pancreas development from two donors, and characterized the distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with each stage. Established regulators of endodermal lineage commitment, such as SOX17 (log2 fold change [FC] compared to iPSCs=14.2, p-value=4.9x10-5) and the pancreatic agenesis gene GATA6 (log2 FC=12.1, p-value=8.6x10-5), showed transcriptional variation consistent with their known developmental roles. However, these analyses highlighted many other genes with stage-specific expression patterns, some of which may be novel drivers or markers of islet development. For example, the leptin receptor gene, LEPR, was most highly expressed in published data from in vivo-matured cells compared to our endocrine pancreas-like cells (log2 FC=5.5, p-value=2.0x10-12), suggesting a role for the leptin pathway in the maturation process. Endocrine pancreas-like cells showed significant stage-selective expression of adult islet genes, including INS, ABCC8, and GLP1R, and enrichment of relevant GO-terms (e.g. "insulin secretion"; odds ratio=4.2, p-value=1.9x10-3): however, principal component analysis indicated that in vitro-differentiated cells were more immature than adult islets. Integration of the stage-specific expression information with genetic data from T2D genome-wide association studies revealed that 46 of 82 T2D-associated loci harbor genes present in at least one developmental stage, facilitating refinement of potential effector transcripts. Together, these data show that expression profiling in an iPSC islet development model can further understanding of islet biology and T2D pathogenesis.

  Study EGAS00001001803

• MCF10A 12h IL6 classical signaling

  Gene expression after cell culture, 12h IL6+sgp130-Fc stimulated

  Dataset EGAD00010001970

• MCF10A 24h IL6 classical signaling

  Gene expression after cell culture, 24h IL6+sgp130-Fc stimulated

  Dataset EGAD00010001963

• Inserm U1231 GAD TEAM

  This Data Access Committee reviews requests for access to the data submitted by the Inserm U1231 – Team GAD research team.

  Dac EGAC50000000707

• PYDP Papuan Y chromosome Diversity Panel

  The PYDP dataset includes 26 bam files of Y chromosome sequences for Papua New Guinean individuals from different locations, extracted from whole genome sequences. DNA was extrated from saliva samples (Oragen kit). Sequencing libraries were prepared using the TruSeq DNA PCR-Free HT kit. 150 bp paired-end sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq X5 sequencer.

  Dataset EGAD00001008572

• Expression profiling of a human endocrine pancreas iPSC model

  Directed differentiation of stem cells offers a scalable solution to the need for human cell models recapitulating islet biology and T2D pathogenesis. We profiled mRNA expression at six stages of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of endocrine pancreas development from two donors, and characterized the distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with each stage. Established regulators of endodermal lineage commitment, such as SOX17 (log2 fold change [FC] compared to iPSCs=14.2, p-value=4.9x10-5) and the pancreatic agenesis gene GATA6 (log2 FC=12.1, p-value=8.6x10-5), showed transcriptional variation consistent with their known developmental roles. However, these analyses highlighted many other genes with stage-specific expression patterns, some of which may be novel drivers or markers of islet development. For example, the leptin receptor gene, LEPR, was most highly expressed in published data from in vivo-matured cells compared to the endocrine pancreas-like cells (log2 FC=5.5, p-value=2.0x10-12), suggesting a role for the leptin pathway in the maturation process. Endocrine pancreas-like cells showed significant stage-selective expression of adult islet genes, including INS, ABCC8, and GLP1R, and enrichment of relevant GO-terms (e.g. “insulin secretion”; odds ratio=4.2, p-value=1.9x10-3): however, principal component analysis indicated that in vitro-differentiated cells were more immature than adult islets. Integration of the stage-specific expression information with genetic data from T2D genome-wide association studies revealed that 46 of 82 T2D-associated loci harbor genes present in at least one developmental stage, facilitating refinement of potential effector transcripts. Together, these data show that expression profiling in an iPSC islet development model can further understanding of islet biology and T2D pathogenesis.

  Dataset EGAD00001002148

• Genome-wide genotyping and methylation data from Understanding Society

  Genome-wide genotyping and methylation data from Understanding Society. Please visit https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/ for further information.

  Study EGAS00001008417

• Genome-wide cell-free DNA termini in patients with cancer

  The structure, fragmentation patterns and terminal sequences of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are altered by nucleases and biological mechanisms in the blood of cancer patients. The cfDNA fragment-end composition recovered from low coverage WGS (<1 fold coverage) using a bespoke software (FrEIA) is aberrant in the plasma from cancer patient (n = 418, 655 samples) compared to controls (n = 117). As a standalone test FrEIA allows detection down to ~0.2% tumor fraction in vitro and in silico at 95% specificity, leading to a sensitivity of ~71% for detecting lung cancer (14/22 stage I-II, 27/38 stage III, 92/127 stage IV) and ~68% for detecting esophageal adenocarcinoma (26/44 stage II, 46/62 stage III). Additional cfDNA biological patterns can be combined with FrEIA increasing the diagnostic potential of low coverage WGS at minimal cost (mean AUROC = 0.96). Integrating multiple cfDNA biological signal augments the diagnostic performance of liquid biopsy.

  Study EGAS00001006142

• Molecular profiling for a patient with lipoblastoma-like tumor of the vulva

  Lipoblastoma-like tumors of the vulva (LLTVs) are exceptionally rare indolent adipocytic mesenchymal tumors arising in adults. Only total 19 cases have been reported previously and has just been categorized as mesenchymal tumours of the lower genital tract on the latest WHO classification of tumours, 5th edition. This is the first case of LLTV assessed for RNA-seq, WES, and WGS by next generation sequencing.

  Study JGAS000529

• Genetic differences between primary colorectal cancer and its paired synchronous and metachronous metastases

  In this study we present for the first time the genetic differences associated with different chronicity of colorectal cancer liver metastases identified by whole-exome sequencing of 210 CRC samples. We focus on differences in primary tumors as we hypothesize that these are the cause of the differences in the time course of the disease. The results suggest that distinct tumor progression pathways account for different chronicity outcomes with ultimate impact on patient’s prognosis

  Study EGAS50000000996

• Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cardiorenal GWAS

  REGARDS is a national, population-based, longitudinal study of incident stroke and associated risk factors including over 30,000 Black and White adults aged 45 years or older from all 48 contiguous U.S. states and the District of Columbia. The study was designed to investigate reasons underlying the higher rate of stroke mortality among Black participants compared to White participants and among residents of the Southeastern U.S. compared to other U.S. regions. By design, Black adults and residents of the deep south were oversampled. Between 2003 and 2007 (baseline visit) participants completed a computer-assisted telephone interview to collect demographic information and medication adherence, and an in-home visit for blood pressure measurements and collection of blood and urine samples. Following the baseline visit, participants have been contacted by phone at six-month intervals to obtain information on incident stroke or secondary outcomes. Additionally, samples and data were collected on about 50% of the original cohort during a second study visit an average of 10 years after the baseline visit. Genotyping was performed as part of an ancillary study on 10,788 (84% Black) participants using Illumina MEGA arrays.

  Study phs002719

• How mitochondrial DNA research can benefit from data reuse through EGA?

  Mitochondria are the only cellular organelles harbouring their own DNA, which encodes for proteins essentials in its respiration process. Despite its discovery in 1960, Mitochondrial DNA is often overlooked compared to nuclear DNA. Indeed, not all sequencing technologies capture a good representation of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). Recently, Ed Reznik's team (The Ed Reznik Lab | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) carried out a massive analysis and reanalysis of single cells WGS (whole genome sequencing) produced with an amplification-free protocol (Direct library prep, DLP). As they demonstrated in the paper Single-cell mtDNA dynamics in tumors is driven by coregulation of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes - PMC, DLP is more effective in catching mtDNA compared to classical single-cell sequencing. These data allowed the team to unravel mtDNA dynamics in tumoral and normal samples, highlighting how mtDNA and nuclear DNA are co-regulated and their ratio is critical for phenotype. Data reuse to achieve the greatest results For this project, Reznik's team re-used data from 3 studies stored at the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGAS00001006343, EGAS00001004448 and EGAS00001003190) that comprised a total of 602 datasets. All of them were initially produced by the teams of Sam Aparicio and Sohrab P. Shah at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, where Ed Reznik is a promising group leader. This demonstrates, once again, that networking, collaboration and data sharing can achieve the greatest results when coupled with innovative and smart ideas. At the EGA we are proud to provide the scientific community with an infrastructure to enable all those very smart ideas out there to find the right data to be tested.

  Blog mitochondrial-dna-research

• Cell-free DNA sequencing data of healthy control, atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer patients’ blood

  Sample cohort (n=48) is consisted of healthy, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer patients. Some of the gastric cancer patients samples are collected at the separate time points: -1 before the operation; -2 after the operation; -3 during the control visit. For the hybridisation capture of the genes unique 15 gastric cancer-related gene panel was developed and very deep sequencing using TruSight Oncology Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) Reagents (Illumina) was used.

  Dataset EGAD00001011153

• Whole exome sequencing of endometriod ovarian cancer tumours

  Whole Exome sequencing data of tumour samples for 112 patients with endometrioid ovarian carcinoma in FASTQ format. Data was derived as summarized below: Library Preparation: Libraries were prepared from each DNA sample using the Illumina TruSeq Exome Library Prep kit (#FC-150-1002) according to the provided protocol using modifications for working with FFPE sourced material. Libraries were quantified using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer and the Qubit DNA HS assay (#Q32854) and the size distribution of fragments was assessed using the Agilent Bioanalyser with the DNA HS Kit (#5067-4626). Library QC: Exome-captured sequencing library pools were quantified using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer and the Qubit DNA HS assay (#Q32854) and the size distribution of fragments was assessed using the Agilent Bioanalyser with the DNA HS Kit (#5067-4626). Fragment size and quantity measurements were used to calculate molarity for each library pool. Sequencing: Sequencing was performed using the NextSeq 500/550 High-Output v2 (150 cycle) Kit (# FC-404-2002) on the NextSeq 550 platform (Illumina Inc, #SY-415-1002).

  Dataset EGAD00001006389

• National Institute on Aging (NIA) Long Life Family Study (LLFS)

  The Long Life Family Study (LLFS) is an international collaborative study of the genetics and familial components of exceptional survival, longevity, and healthy aging. Families were recruited through elderly probands (generally in their 90s) who self-reported on the survival history of their parents and siblings, and on the basis of this information, families which showed clustering of exceptional survival were recruited. [Specifically, a Family Longevity Selection Score (FLOSS) ≥7 was required. The FLOSS measures the average excess Observed lifespan over that Expected based upon lifetables, while adding a bonus term for still-living individuals. Thus FLOSS is a useful tool for scoring and selecting families for inclusion in a research study of exceptional survival (Sebastiani et al., 2009, PMID: 19910380)]. Probands resided in the catchment areas of four Field Centers (Boston University, Columbia University, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Southern Denmark). Recruited family members were phenotyped through extensive in-home visits by teams of technicians who traveled all over the USA and Denmark. Blood assays were centrally processed at a Laboratory Core (University of Minnesota) and protocols were standardized, monitored and coordinated through a Data Management Coordinating Center (Washington University). We examined and extensively phenotyped in all major domains of healthy aging, 4,953 individuals in 539 families through comprehensive in-home visits. Of these, 4,815 gave dbGaP sharing permission and had sufficient quantity/quality of DNA for GWAS genotyping. This large collection of families, selected on the basis of clustering for exceptional survival, is a unique resource for the study of human longevity and healthy aging. We estimate that less than 1% of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) families (a roughly random population family sample) would meet the minimal entrance criteria for exceptional survival required in the LLFS (Sebastiani et al., 2009, PMID: 19910380). Thus, the least exceptional LLFS families show more clustering for exceptional longevity than 99% of the FHS families. Although the LLFS pedigrees were selected on the basis of longevity per se in the upper generation (and the generation above that), the children's generation have significantly lower rates of many major diseases and have better healthy aging profiles for many disease phenotypes (Newman et al., 2011, PMID: 21258136). The participants had their first in-person visit between 2006 and 2009. After that visit, they were contacted annually by telephone to update vital status, medical history, and general health. Between 2014 and 2017, willing participants completed a second in-person visit. The second visit followed the same protocols and centralized training as the first visit. During the second visit, a portable carotid ultrasound exam was added. Again, participants were continuously contacted annually for telephone follow-up during the period of the second in-person visit and after that. Annual telephone follow-ups currently ongoing, and plans for a third in-person visit are in progress.

  Study phs000397

• Peripheral blood DNA transcriptomics of vedolizumab treatment response in patients with Crohn's disease

  Data pertains longitudinal transcriptomic data measured from blood obtained from patients with Crohn's disease that were starting treatment with vedolizumab. Samples were obtained prior to treatment and approximately 26 weeks into treatment during response assessment. At response assessment, patients were classified as responders (R) or non-responders (NR) based on a strict combination of endoscopic, biochemical and clinical criteria: ≥50% reduction in the endoscopic SES-CD score, corticosteroid-free clinical remission (≥3 point drop98 in HBI or HBI ≤4 and no systemic steroids) and/or biochemical response (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin reduction ≥50% or ≤5 mg/L and fecal calprotectin ≤250 µg/g). Modified response was defined as a combination of corticosteroid-free clinical- (HBI ≤4) and biochemical (CRP ≤5 mg/L and/or fecal calprotectin ≤250 µg/g) remission between week 26-52 without treatment change through week 52. Transcriptomic analyses was conducted through RNA sequencing, wherein mRNA was extracted utilizing the QIAsymphony system, converted into cDNA and sequenced in a paired-end format on the Illumina NovaSeq6000 at the Amsterdam UMC Core Facility Genomics, generating a dataset comprising 40 million 150 bp-reads.

  Dataset EGAD50000000385

• Peripheral blood DNA transcriptomics of ustekinumab treatment response in patients with Crohn's disease

  Data pertains longitudinal transcriptomic data measured from blood obtained from patients with Crohn's disease that were starting treatment with ustekinumab. Samples were obtained prior to treatment and approximately 26 weeks into treatment during response assessment. At response assessment, patients were classified as responders (R) or non-responders (NR) based on a strict combination of endoscopic, biochemical and clinical criteria: ≥50% reduction in the endoscopic SES-CD score, corticosteroid-free clinical remission (≥3 point drop98 in HBI or HBI ≤4 and no systemic steroids) and/or biochemical response (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin reduction ≥50% or ≤5 mg/L and fecal calprotectin ≤250 µg/g). Modified response was defined as a combination of corticosteroid-free clinical- (HBI ≤4) and biochemical (CRP ≤5 mg/L and/or fecal calprotectin ≤250 µg/g) remission between week 26-52 without treatment change through week 52. Transcriptomic analyses was conducted through RNA sequencing, wherein mRNA was extracted utilizing the QIAsymphony system, converted into cDNA and sequenced in a paired-end format on the Illumina NovaSeq6000 at the Amsterdam UMC Core Facility Genomics, generating a dataset comprising 40 million 150 bp-reads.

  Dataset EGAD50000000386

• Anti-TIGIT antibody tiragolumab improves PD-L1 blockade via myeloid and Treg cells

  Tiragolumab, an anti-TIGIT antibody with an active IgG1/kappa Fc, demonstrated improved outcomes in the phase 2 CITYSCAPE trial (NCT03563716) when combined with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) versus atezolizumab alone1. However, there remains little consensus on the mechanism(s) of response with this combination2. We found that high baseline intratumoral macrophages and Tregs were associated with better outcomes in patients treated with atezolizumab plus tiragolumab but not with atezolizumab alone. Serum sample analysis revealed that macrophage activation was associated with clinical benefit in patients receiving the combination treatment. In mouse tumor models, tiragolumab surrogate antibodies inflamed tumor-associated macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells through Fc gamma receptors (FcɣR), in turn driving anti-tumor CD8+ T cells from an exhausted effector-like state to a more memory-like one. These results uncover a mechanism of action by which TIGIT checkpoint inhibitors can remodel immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and suggest that FcɣR engagement is an important consideration in anti-TIGIT antibody development.

  Study EGAS50000000251

• High_powered_complex_trait_association_mapping_through_whole_genome_sequencing_of_a_selected_subpopulation_of_the_INGI_Val_Borbera_genetic_isolate

  The VBSEQ project aims to combine available extensive genetic and phenotypic data to the latest high-throughput genome sequencing technology and ad hoc statistical analysis to identify new rare genetic variants underlying complex traits. Up to 100 Val Borbera samples will be sequenced to a 6x depth.

  Study EGAS00001000398

• Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort

  The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, sponsored by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), is a prospective epidemiologic study conducted in four U.S. communities. The four communities are Forsyth County, NC; Jackson, MS; the northwest suburbs of Minneapolis, MN; and Washington County, MD. ARIC is designed to investigate the etiology and natural history of atherosclerosis, the etiology of clinical atherosclerotic diseases, and variation in cardiovascular risk factors, medical care and disease by race, gender, location, and date. ARIC includes two parts: the Cohort Component and the Community Surveillance Component. The Cohort Component began in 1987, and each ARIC field center randomly selected and recruited a cohort sample of approximately 4,000 individuals aged 45-64 from a defined population in their community. A total of 15,792 participants received an extensive examination, including medical, social, and demographic data. These participants were examined with the baseline visit occurring in 1987-89, the second visit in 1990-92, the third visit in 1993-95, the fourth visit in 1996-98, the fifth visit in 2011-13, the sixth visit 2016-17 and the seventh visit 2018-19. Follow-up occurs yearly by telephone to maintain contact with participants and to assess health status of the cohort. In the Community Surveillance Component, these four communities were investigated to determine the community-wide occurrence of hospitalized myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease deaths in men and women aged 35-84 years. Hospitalized stroke is investigated in cohort participants only. Starting in 2006, the study conducted community surveillance of inpatient (ages 55 years and older) and outpatient heart failure (ages 65 years and older) for heart failure events beginning in 2005. Community Surveillance for non-cohorts ended in event year 2014. ARIC is currently funded through 2028. The ARIC Cohort is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-studies. To view genotypes, other molecular data, and derived variables collected in these sub-studies, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-studies" section of this top-level study page phs000280 ARIC Cohort. phs000557 ARIC_CARe phs000090 GENEVA_ARIC phs000223 PAGE_CALiCo_ARIC phs000398 GO-ESP: HeartGo_ARIC phs000668 CHARGE_ARIC phs000860 MICORTEX phs001536 CCDG_ARIC

  Study phs000280

• ERDERA Diagnostic Research Workstream - WES reanalysis (distributed approach)

  The ERDERA Diagnostic Research Workstream – WES reanalysis (distributed approach) aims to improve diagnostic yield by systematically reanalyzing existing whole exome sequencing (WES) data from rare disease cases. The goal is to apply updated bioinformatics pipelines, novel variant interpretation tools, and the latest reference databases to detect clinically relevant variants that may have been missed in earlier analyses. By using a distributed approach across multiple expert groups, the project fosters collaborative interpretation and knowledge sharing to enhance diagnostic outcomes for patients.

  Study EGAS50000001514

• High titers and low fucosylation of early phase anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG promote hyper-inflammation by alveolar macrophages

  We show that early phase anti-Spike IgG in serum of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces hyper-inflammatory responses by human alveolar macrophages. We identified that this excessive inflammatory response is dependent on two antibody features that are specific for severe COVID-19. First, inflammation is driven by high titers of anti-Spike IgG, a hallmark of severe disease. Second, we found that anti-Spike IgG from severely ill patients is intrinsically more pro-inflammatory because of different glycosylation of the Fc tail, particularly by low fucosylation. This dataset is linked with the following ArrayExpress Experiment: E-MTAB-10431 - 2020_COVID19_FCGR_MIL10_IgGfucosylation

  Study EGAS00001005206

• A Dose Escalation Study of Efmarodocokin Alfa (UTTR1147A) in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

  Background: The interleukin-22 cytokine (IL-22) has demonstrated efficacy in nonclinical colitis models with a non-immunosuppressive mechanism-of-action. Efmarodocokin alfa (UTTR1147A) is a fusion protein agonist that links IL-22 to the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of human immunoglobulin (IgG4) for improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, but with a mutation to minimize Fc effector functions. Methods: This randomized, phase 1b study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of repeat intravenous dosing of efmarodocokin alfa in healthy volunteers (HVs; n=32) and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; n=24) at 30–90 µg/kg doses given biweekly (Q2W) or monthly (Q4W) (6:2 active:placebo per cohort). Results: The most common adverse events (AEs) were on-target dermatological effects (dry skin, erythema, and pruritus) that were reversible. Dose-limiting non-serious dermatological AEs (severe dry skin, erythema, exfoliation, and discomfort) were seen in two HVs and one patient at 90 ug/kg Q2W. Pharmacokinetics were generally dose-proportional across the dose levels tested, but patients demonstrated lower drug exposures relative to HVs at the same dose. IL-22 serum biomarkers and IL-22 responsive genes in colon biopsies were induced with active treatment. Patients demonstrated changes in microbiota composition following active treatment, thereby reversing baseline dysbiosis. Clinical response was observed in 7/18 active- and 1/6 placebo-treated patients; clinical remission was observed in 5/18 active- and 0/6 placebo-treated patients.

  Study EGAS00001006172

• Evolutionary landscape of clonal hematopoiesis in 3359 individuals from the general population

  This project contains longitudinal data for processed somatic variant calls and data on core phenotypic variables for 3359 community-based individuals ≥60 years, a sub-cohort of the population-based Lifelines cohort (167,729 participants). Cases with peripheral blood count abnormalities and population-based controls were included. Next-generation sequencing data were generated with a median time period of 43 months between baseline and follow-up visit. For 327 individuals a third visit sample was included. Error-corrected sequencing was performed using single-molecule tagged molecular inversion probes targeting 27 myeloid and lymphoid driver genes. The threshold for variant calling was set at ≥1% VAF and ≥10 consensus variant reads. Details on sample selection, sequencing technique, variant calling procedures and data curation are described (van Zeventer et al. 2023).

  Study EGAS00001007087

• Ribo-depleted RNA-sequencing of II.3, III.1, and III.3

  This datasets contains the Ribo-depleted RNA-sequencing of patients II.3, III.1, and III.3. Libraries were sequenced to a minimum depth of 195 million read pairs (2x75nts) on an Illumina NextSeq500 Midoutput FC.

  Dataset EGAD50000002364

• Recent genetic history of Denmark

  The "Where Are You From?" project explores the extent to which recent and more distant historical events left their mark on the genetic structure of the current Danish population. The project's ultimate goal is to gain insights into the historical complexity of Denmark from the genetic perspective. To this goal, a data set consisting of approximately 800 high school students from across Denmark was used to run an extensive genetic analysis.

  Study EGAS00001001868

• NHLBI Family Heart Study (FamHS-Visit1 and FamHS-Visit2)

  The Family Heart Study (FamHS) was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). It was begun in 1992 with the ascertainment of 1,200 families, half randomly sampled, and half selected because of an excess of coronary heart disease (CHD) or risk factor abnormalities as compared with age- and sex-specific population rates (Higgins et al. 1996). The families, with approximately 6,000 individuals, were sampled on the basis of information on probands from four population-based parent studies: the Framingham Heart Study, the Utah Family Tree Study, and two Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) centers (Minneapolis, and Forsyth County, NC). A broad range of phenotypes were assessed at a clinic examination in broad domains of CHD, atherosclerosis, cardiac and vascular function, inflammation and hemostasis, lipids and lipoproteins, blood pressure, diabetes and insulin resistance, pulmonary function, and anthropometry (FamHS Visit 1). Approximately 8 years later, study participants belonging to the largest pedigrees were invited for a second clinical exam (FamHS Visit 2). A total of 2,756 Caucasian subjects in 508 extended families were examined. A two-phase design was adopted for the genome wide association (GWA) study. In phase-1, 1007 subjects were chosen, equally distributed between the upper and lower quartile of age- and sex-adjusted values for coronary artery calcification, assessed by CT scan in Visit 2. These subjects were chosen to be largely unrelated; 34% of the subjects were from unique families, while 200 other subjects had 1 or more siblings selected into the sample, yielding a sample of 465 unrelated subjects. The remaining family members (N=1749) were genotyped in the phase-2 for replication of the top hits from the phase-1. The results presented here represent those for the analysis of the phase-1 case-control sample for variables assessed in FamHS Visit 1 (from 1992 to 1995) and for the variables assessed in FamHS Visit 2 (from 2002 to 2003). All subjects were typed on the Illumina HumMap 550 chip (Phase 1 genotype). Of these, 33 (3.3%) were excluded due to technical errors, call rates below 98%, and discrepancies between reported sex and sex-diagnostic markers. The final sample of 974 subjects have Visit 2 phenotypes, approximately 100 of these do not have Visit 1 phenotypes. There was no significant plate-to-plate variation in allele frequencies. The covariate adjustments were performed separately by sex using cubic polynomial age and clinical centers, and retaining the terms in the stepwise regression analysis that were significant at the 5% level. Extreme outliers (>4 SD from the mean) were set aside, temporarily, for the adjustments. The final phenotypes were computed for all individuals using the best mean regression models and standardizing to 0 mean and unit variance. The FamHS has contributed GWA results in many phenotype domains (antropometric and adiposity, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, lipid profile, diabetes and glicemic traits, metabolic syndrome etc) to meta-analyses and various consortia, including Heard-Costa et al. 2009, Köttgen et al. 2010, Teslovich et al. 2010, Nettleton et al. 2010, Lango et al. 2010, Heid et al. 2010, Speliotes et al. 2010, Dupuis et al. 2010, Kraja et al. 2011.

  Study phs000221

• Cancer Biomarkers team at The ICR DAC

  DAC for Cancer Biomarkers

  Dac EGAC50000000200

• Pooled Genome-Wide Analysis of Kidney Cancer Risk (KIDRISK)

  Incidence rates of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are rising and the latest estimates show that it accounts for over 300,000 cases and 120,000 deaths worldwide each year. Mechanisms underlying RCC occurrence are not fully understood and a large part of the disease heritability remains unexplained. The study aimed at augmenting the size of available RCC genome-wide association studies to increase the statistical power to detect genetic variants associated with the disease. The study includes genome-wide genotyping data from RCC cases (n=2,781) and controls (n=2,526) recruited in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, and Australia.

  Study phs001271

• ATAC-seq

  ATAC-seq data for 26 CLL samples (7 controls, 19 tumor) of the CancerEpiSys-PRECiSe project.

  Dataset EGAD00001005967

• MutWP1: CRUK Grand Challenge Mutographs of Cancer: kidney (2019-03-26)

  This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-03-26.

  Dataset EGAD00001004867

• Whole_Genome_sequencing_of_individuals_from_Carlantino__Italy

  This study includes whole-genome sequencing data (at 4x depth) of 100 individuals from an Italian genetic isolate population (Carlantino, abbreviated CARL) of the Italian Network of Genetic Isolates (INGI). The INGI-CARL_SEQ project aims to combine available extensive genetic and phenotypic data to the latest high-throughput genome sequencing technology and ad hoc statistical analysis to identify new rare genetic variants underlying complex traits.

  Study EGAS00001000460

• OLINK metadata EGA v2

  Sample metadata for the olink dataset. This dataset includes subject-level data and longitudinal visit day information for the corresponding samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001011165

• Variables of diversity, clonality, V and J usage and main COVID-19-reactive GLIPH2 frequencies.

  Main results of the T cell repertorie analysis of a cohort of 61 patients. For each patient, repertorie diversity and clonality metrics, V an J alelle frequency and COVID-19-reactive sequencies have been calculated using open.source code. For more information about the study, please visit DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00654-0

  Study EGAS50000000587

• Detection of cancers three years prior to diagnosis using plasma cell-free DNA

  A major goal of early cancer detection is to identify subclinical disease when the tumor burden is low, so that treatments are more effective. But how early can cancers be detected prior to clinical signs or symptoms? This question can be answered only through the evaluation of participants whose clinical course has not been altered by the study itself. We here describe such an evaluation, performed on prospectively collected plasma samples from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, including 26 participants diagnosed with cancer and 26 matched controls. At the index time point, eight of these 52 participants scored positively with a multicancer early detection (MCED) blood test. All eight of these participants were diagnosed with cancer within 4 months after blood collection. In six of these 8 participants, we were able to assess an earlier plasma sample collected 3.1 to 3.5 years prior to clinical diagnosis. In four of these six participants, the same mutations detected by the MCED test could be identified, but at 8.6 to 79-fold lower levels. These results demonstrate that it is possible to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) more than three years prior to clinical diagnosis, and provide benchmark sensitivities required for the success of ctDNA-based tests for this purpose.

  Study EGAS00001008068