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• Common Variation in Candidate Genes in the Diabetes Prevention Program

  The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a multicenter controlled clinical trial examining the efficacy of an intensive lifestyle intervention or metformin to prevent or delay the development of diabetes in a population selected to be at high risk due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and obesity. Development of diabetes, defined by 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, was the primary outcome while cardiovascular disease and its risk factors were important secondary outcomes. The pharmacological intervention was double blinded and placebo controlled. After randomization, participants had quarterly clinical evaluations and had, in addition, a fasting plasma glucose at semi-annual visits and a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test at annual visits. Volunteers were recruited from populations known to be at particularly high risk for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes including the following: persons with a family history of NIDDM, the elderly, overweight individuals, women with a history of diabetes during pregnancy ("gestational diabetes"), and minority populations including African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian and Pacific Island Americans, and Native Americans. The primary focus of the genetic investigations have been on candidate genes, including candidates derived from GWAS of diabetes, lipid and glycemia-related phenotypes. Please note more phenotype data for the DPPG cohort is available through the NIDDK Data Repository. Information on obtaining this phenotype data can be found by going to https://www.niddkrepository.org/studies/dppos/?query=DPP and https://www.niddkrepository.org/studies/dpp/?query=DPP. Data will need to be requested from both data sets. A linking file will be available to the NIDDK Data Repository.

  Study phs000681

• RRBS data from TRACERx non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours and matched normal adjacent tissue.

  TRACERx (TRAcking Cancer Evolution through therapy (Rx)) is a prospective cohort study designed to investigate intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in relation to clinical outcome, and to determine the clonal nature of driver events and evolutionary processes in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

  Study EGAS00001008071

• Genome-wide cell-free DNA termini in patients with cancer

  The structure, fragmentation pattern, length and terminal sequence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is under the influence of nucleases present in the blood. We hypothesized that differences in the diversity of bases at the end of cfDNA fragments can be leveraged on a genome-wide scale to enhance the sensitivity for detecting the presence of tumor signals in plasma. We surveyed the cfDNA termini in 72 plasma samples from 319 patients with 18 different cancer types using low-coverage whole genome sequencing. The fragment-end sequence and diversity were altered in all cancer types in comparison to 76 healthy controls. We converted the fragment end sequences into a quantitative metric and observed that this correlates with circulating tumor DNA tumor fraction (R = 0.58, p < 0.001, Spearman). Using these metrics, we were able to classify cancer samples from control at a low tumor content (AUROC of 91% at 1% tumor fraction) and shallow sequencing coverage (mean AUROC = 0.99 at >1M fragments). Combining fragment-end sequences and diversity using machine learning, we classified cancer from healthy controls (mean AUROC = 0.99, SD = 0.01). Using unsupervised clustering we showed that early-stage lung cancer can be classified from control or later stages based on fragment-end sequences. We observed that fragment-end sequences can be used for prognostication (hazard ratio: 0.49) and residual disease detection inresectable esophageal adenocarcinoma patients, moving fragmentomics toward a greater clinical implementation.

  Study EGAS00001005747

• Genome-wide cell-free DNA termini in patients with cancer

  The structure, fragmentation pattern, length and terminal sequence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is under the influence of nucleases present in the blood. We hypothesized that differences in the diversity of bases at the end of cfDNA fragments can be leveraged on a genome-wide scale to enhance the sensitivity for detecting the presence of tumor signals in plasma. We surveyed the cfDNA termini in 72 plasma samples from 319 patients with 18 different cancer types using low-coverage whole genome sequencing. The fragment-end sequence and diversity were altered in all cancer types in comparison to 76 healthy controls. We converted the fragment end sequences into a quantitative metric and observed that this correlates with circulating tumor DNA tumor fraction (R = 0.58, p < 0.001, Spearman). Using these metrics, we were able to classify cancer samples from control at a low tumor content (AUROC of 91% at 1% tumor fraction) and shallow sequencing coverage (mean AUROC = 0.99 at >1M fragments). Combining fragment-end sequences and diversity using machine learning, we classified cancer from healthy controls (mean AUROC = 0.99, SD = 0.01). Using unsupervised clustering we showed that early-stage lung cancer can be classified from control or later stages based on fragment-end sequences. We observed that fragment-end sequences can be used for prognostication (hazard ratio: 0.49) and residual disease detection inresectable esophageal adenocarcinoma patients, moving fragmentomics toward a greater clinical implementation.

  Study EGAS00001005738

• A Phase I/II Trial of T Cell Receptor Gene Therapy Targeting HPV-16 E7 for HPV-Associated Cancers

  This is a phase I clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of gene-engineered T cells expressing a T-cell receptor targeting an HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitope of HPV-16 E7 (E7 TCR T cells) in patients with metastatic HPV-16+ epithelial cancers. A total of 12 patients were treated. The maximum tested dose was tolerated. Side effects were most consistent with the expected toxicities of the lymphocyte-depleting conditioning regimen and high-dose aldesleukin. Six of the 12 patients demonstrated objective clinical responses. Translational studies of the infused T cell characteristics did not correlate strongly with clinical response. Genomic defects in the targeted peptide-HLA complex did demonstrate definitive mechanisms of resistance in some patients.

  Study phs002286

• UK10K COHORT ALSPAC

  The UK10K project proposes a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low-frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome-wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein-coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will directly analyse quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a two-generation prospective study. Pregnant women living in one of three health districts in the former county of Avon with an expected delivery date between April 1991 and December 1992 were eligible to be enrolled in the study, and this formed the initial point of contact for the development of a large, family based resource. Information has been collected on the children and the mothers through retrieval of biological materials (e.g. antenatal blood samples, placentas), biological sampling (e.g. collection of cord blood, umbilical cord, milk teeth, hair, toenails, blood and urine), self-administered questionnaires, data extraction from medical notes, linkage to routine information systems and at repeat research clinics.

  Study EGAS00001000090

• Genetics of Schizophrenia in an Ashkenazi Jewish Case-Control Cohort

  Schizophrenia is characterized by high heritability (~80%), yet the identification of susceptibility genes has proven extremely challenging. The Ashkenazi Jewish population, derived from a limited number of founders, may be enriched for a subset of susceptibility alleles, which may also have higher odds ratios than those detected by previous studies. GWAS was conducted in a large Ashkenazi case-control cohort, derived from the Hebrew University Genetic Resource, using the Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad BeadChip.

  Study phs000448

• Exome sequencing of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

  The aim of our project is to decipher the genomic of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using whole exome sequencing. To this purpose, we aim to compare genetic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with early tumor in order to understand the mechanisms of tumor progression. This work will also help to identify new therapeutic targets potentially useful to treat patients at advanced stage. This study contain whole exome sequencing aligned reads for 41 tumor with matched normal samples

  Study EGAS00001003130

• MutWP5__CRUK_Mutographs_of_Cancer__Cancer_Mastectomy__WG__Novaseq_

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from 40 women who underwent mastecomies due to breast cancer. LCM and sequencing will be conducted on both normal, unaffected breast, and, where possible, tumour tissue. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue, and compare findings between the normal and associated cancer tissues. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this poriton of the study will be compared to women who had cosmetic breast reduction surgeries and those who are BRCA carriers.

  Study EGAS00001003525

• MutWP5__CRUK_Mutographs_of_Cancer__Breast__Cancer_Mastectomy__WG_

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from 40 women who underwent mastectomies due to breast cancer. LCM and sequencing will be conducted on both normal, unaffected breast, and, where possible, tumour tissue. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue, and compare findings between the normal and associated cancer tissues. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to women who had cosmetic breast reduction surgeries and those who are BRCA carriers.

  Study EGAS00001003317

• ATAC Analysis of Treg and Tfh cells

  Treg and Tfh cells (8 Samples)from the same donors was subject to ATAC-seq processing. Paired end fastq-files are supplied.

  Dataset EGAD00001007660

• Exome sequencing of tumor DNA samples from patients with BPLL

  DNA extracted from sorted CD19+ tumor cells (16 patients) was used for exome capture with the SureSelect V5 All Exon Kit following the standard protocols. Paired-end sequencing (2 x 100 bp) was performed using HiSeq2000 sequencing instruments. The files are in FASTQ format.

  Dataset EGAD00001004410

• MGRB dataset

  This dataset comprises 2570 whole genome sequenced samples from the Medical Genome Reference Bank. https://sgc.garvan.org.au/initiatives/mgrb The files are provided in cram format, aligned to hs37d5 with decoys, with no further processing applied. The dataset also contains phenotype information for each sample.

  Dataset EGAD00001004940

• Exome sequencing of tumor DNA samples from patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

  DNA extracted from sorted CD19+ tumor cells (18 samples - 16 patients) was used for exome capture with the SureSelect All Exon Kit following the standard protocols. Paired-end sequencing (2 x 100 bp) was performed using HiSeq2000 sequencing instruments. The files are in FASTQ format.

  Dataset EGAD00001005322

• SF11979 scRNA-Seq Primary GBM IDHR132H Wild-type Female

  Single Cell-RNA Seq IDHR132H Wild-type Primary GBM Female, 76. Single Cell RNA seq from high grade primary glioma sample. NovaSeq6000 was used for RNA seq. The files uploaded are bam files created with grch38 reference through cellranger count (10xGenomics.)

  Dataset EGAD00001005390

• SF11977 scRNA-Seq Primary GBM IDHR132H Wildtype Female

  SF11977 single cell RNA-seq IDHR132H Wild-type GBM Female, 61 Single Cell RNA seq from high grade primary glioma sample. NovaSeq6000 was used for RNA seq. The files uploaded are bam files created with grch38 reference through Cellranger count (10xGenomics.)

  Dataset EGAD00001005391

• SF11136 scRNA-Seq Primary astrocytoma IDH mutant

  Single cell RNA-Seq Primary diffuse astrocytoma G2. IDH mutant, ATRX mutant. Gender Male Age 34. Single Cell RNA seq from primary astrocytoma sample. NovaSeq6000 was used for RNA seq. The files uploaded are bam files created with grch38 reference through Cellranger count (10xGenomics.)

  Dataset EGAD00001005394

• Patient-tailored design for selective co-inhibition of leukemic cell subpopulations

  Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on bone marrow mononuclear cells of 2 acute myeloid leukemia patients at refractory stage. The profiling was performed using 10x Genomics Chromium Single Cell 3ʹ Gene Expression platform. The raw data are available as fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD00001006360

• Spatial transcriptomics of 1 untreated prostate cancer.

  Two sections of cryopreserved prostate cancer tissue from one untreated prostate cancer patient were profiled for spatial transcriptomics using the Visium Spatial library preparation protocol from 10x Genomics. The GRCh38 aligned sequencing reads from the two prostate cancer tissue sections are provided as BAM files.

  Dataset EGAD00001007921

• Exome-sequencing of H3-K27M glioma.

  Fastq or bam files are deposited for 28 patient H3-K27M diffuse midline gliomas. UMPEDD65 was profiled by targeted exome-sequencing using the TSO500 Illumina assay, while all other samples were sequenced by whole-exome sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001009269

• Single cell RNA sequencing of mononuclear cells from synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

  Mononuclear cells were collected from synovial fluid of anti-citrullinated positive antibodies (ACPA)-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients (n=8) and ACPA-negative RA patients (n=8). Global cell types (i.e., no enrichment) were obtained from these cryopreserved synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) samples and immediately fixed and processed using the GEM-X Flex Gene Expression Reagent Kits (10x Genomics) according to protocol. Following Gel Bead-in Emulsion (GEM) generation, samples were processed using the standard manufacturer’s protocol. Once sequencing libraries passed standard quality control metrics, libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq2000 P4 100 cycle reagent kit with the following read structure: R1: 28, R2: 90, I1: 10, I2: 10. Libraries were sequenced to obtain a read depth greater than 10,000 reads/cell for gene-expression (GEX). FASTQ files are made available. More detailed information can be obtained in Argyriou A. et al, Annals of the Rheumatic Disease, 2025.

  Dataset EGAD50000001801

• A Multimodal Atlas of Human Brain Cell Types 2021 Data

  Human neocortical neurons display diverse morphology, physiology and gene expression profiles. We use a method called Patch-seq, where these three data modalities are assayed simultaneously from the same neuron, to understand how the genetic profile of human neocortical neuron types corresponds to their morphological and electrophysiological phenotypes. This dataset consists of transcriptome samples collected during Patch-seq recordings from layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the human middle temporal gyrus.

  Study phs002697

• Possible DNA damage after paternal exposure to ionizing radiation in radar technicians

  Effects of accidental and prolonged radiation exposure on the human germline remain a topic of medical interest. Transgenerational signatures of ionizing radiation exposure are primarily implicated to be clustered de-novo mutations (cDNMs, multiple de-novo mutations within 20bp). We sequenced the whole genome of 110 children from 70 families (Radar cohort). The father in this cohort were exposed to 0-353mSv of ionizing radiation and serve as exposed samples.

  Study EGAS00001007321

• Germ Cell and Associated Heme Malignancies Evolve from a Common Shared Precursor

  Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common cancer in men between the ages of 15-40. While most patients are cured, those with disease arising in the mediastinum have distinctly poor outcomes. One in every 17 patients with primary mediastinal non-seminomatous GCTs develop an incurable hematologic malignancy and prior data intriguingly suggests a clonal relationship exists between hematologic malignancies and GCTs in these cases. To date however, the precise clonal relationship between GCTs and the diverse additional somatic malignancies arising in such individuals has not been determined. Here, we traced the clonal evolution and characterized the genetic features of each neoplasm from a cohort of fifteen patients with GCTs and associated hematologic malignancies. We discovered that GCTs and hematologic malignancies developing in such individuals evolved from a common shared precursor, nearly all of which harbored allelically imbalanced TP53 and/or RAS pathway mutations. Hematologic malignancies arising in this setting genetically resembled mediastinal GCTs rather than de novo myeloid neoplasms. Our findings argue that this scenario represents a unique clinical syndrome, distinct from de novo GCTs or hematologic malignancies, initiated by an ancestral precursor which gives rise to the parallel evolution of GCTs and blood cancers in these patients. Reprinted from PMID: 32897884, with permission from JCI.

  Study phs002231

• Lindsey E. Jones et al. Patient-derived cells from recurrent tumors that model the evolution of IDH-mutant glioma. Neuro-Oncology Advances, 2020. We established robust, versatile, and well-characterized Patient Derived Cells (PDC) of an IDH1-mutant astrocytoma and an IDH1-mutant oligodendroglioma that represents defined evolutionary stages of chemotherapy-induced hypermutation. The PDCs retain tumor subtype defining features over time as well as classic hallmarks of cancer, including anchorage independent growth and cell immortality. The integrated phylogenies composed of PDCs,single-cell-derived PDCs, patient-derived xenografts, and corresponding spatiotemporal tumor tissue samples also provide new insight into the clonality, evolutionary pattern, and immense mutational load of hypermutated IDH mutant gliomas.

  IDH-mutant lower-grade gliomas can undergo malignant progression via temozolomide-driven hypermutation. Patient-derived cells (PDC) that model the genetically distinct hypermutated (HM) tumor subgroup are generally lacking, and few if any human brain tumor cell models are from defined evolutionary time points. Here, we characterize multiple PDC derived from independent surgical specimens of IDH1-mutant recurrences, including an ATRX and TP53-mutant astrocytoma and a 1p/19q co-deleted and TERT promoter-mutant oligodendroglioma. We determined the evolutionary time points represented by each PDC using exome sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction, comparing the PDC and single cell clones of the PDC (scPDC) to multiple spatiotemporal tumor tissue samples, PDC-derived xenografts (PDX) and patient-matched blood. The tumor samples exhibited TMZ-induced mutagenesis and a branching pattern of evolution. We found clear evidence of two fully independent founder HM clones in the tumor tissue that are faithfully represented by independent PDC. The PDC, scPDC and PDX also shared the mutagenesis signature and represent the mid and later evolutionary time points of their corresponding tumors. The PDC maintained the tumor subtype-defining features over many passages, including heterozygosity of the IDH1 R132H mutation, production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), and subtype-specific telomere maintenance mechanisms. The PDC from both tumors exhibited anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. The oligodendroglioma PDC formed infiltrative intracranial tumors with characteristic oligodendroglioma histology, initially with a long period to tumor formation. We conclude that the PDC, scPDC and PDX faithfully model the heterogeneous clonal origins of the corresponding tumor tissue. The multilevel analysis also provides new insight into the intratumoral heterogeneity and vast mutational load of HM glioma. The PDC from multiple evolutionary time points presented in the context of full clinical timelines may be useful to model evolution and intratumoral heterogeneity, important sources of therapeutic failure.

  Study EGAS00001003992

• Colorectal cancer organoids expressing BRAF (fusion) genes

  Fusion genes may be oncogenic drivers and potential targets for personalized therapies in a variety of cancer types. The BRAF gene is frequently involved in oncogenic fusions, with fusion frequencies of 0.2-3% throughout different cancers. BRAF can be fused to a wide variety of genes, however, BRAF fusions rarely occur in the exact same gene configuration, making assessment of the fusion relevance and decision for drug treatment challenging. Here, we devised a colorectal cancer organoid-based platform to functionally characterize diverse BRAF fusions, containing various partner genes (AGAP3, DLG1 and TRIM24). We compared these BRAF fusions with respect to cellular behaviour, downstream signaling activation and response to targeted therapies. We found that 5’ partner choice of BRAF affects cellular localization and intracellular signaling capacities of the fusion genes. The DLG1-BRAF fusion gene showed distinct localization to the plasma membrane and exhibited increased levels of MAPK pathway activation under unperturbed conditions. Furthermore, the different BRAF fusions showed varying sensitivities to the targeted inhibition of ERK and BRAF, with the DLG1-BRAF fusion being the most sensitive. Additionally, RNA-sequencing identified distinct subsets of genes affected by the DLG1-BRAF fusion gene. Importantly, all fusion genes conveyed resistance to the clinically relevant EGFR/HER2/HER4-inhibitor afatinib, suggesting that BRAF fusions should be screened alongside other MAPK pathway alterations to identify mCRC patients amenable to cetuximab treatment. In summary, we developed a platform to efficiently assess molecular and cellular effects of fusion genes, and revealed that differential drug responses and distinct gene expression profiles can be induced by different BRAF fusions .

  Study EGAS00001003558

• A multicenter study of susceptibility genes to type 1 diabetes

  The first genome-wide association study of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus was performed in Japanese individuals. As previously reported using a candidate gene approach, a strong association was observed with multiple SNPs in the HLA region, and the strongest association was seen for rs9268853 in the class II DR region (P=1.56 x 10-23, odds ratio [OR] 3.18). In addition, rs11170445 in CSAD/lnc-ITGB7-1 on chromosome 12q13.13 showed an association at a genome-wide significance level (P=7.58 x 10-9, OR 1.96). Fine mapping of the region revealed that rs3782151 in CSAD/lnc-ITGB7-1 showed the lowest P value (P=4.60 x 10-9, OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.57-2.48]). The risk allele of rs3782151 is a cis-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for ITGB7 that significantly increases the expression of this gene. CSAD/lnc-ITGB7-1 was strongly associated with the susceptibility to fulminant, but not classical autoimmune, type 1 diabetes, implicating this locus in the distinct phenotype of fulminant type 1 diabetes.

  Study JGAS000144

• Blood Somatic Mutations in TCGA Donors Suffering from Solid Tumors

  Blood somatic mutations identified across 8,530 solid tumor patients in TCGA cohort. We reasoned that low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of blood samples routinely carried out in cancer genomics projects may be repurposed to detect clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Thus, inspired by a previous approach to identify early mutations in the development of the hematopoietic system, we implemented a pipeline to systematically carry out this "reverse" somatic mutation calling on the paired blood/tumor samples. Blood somatic mutations were called using a 'reverse' approach, in which the tumor sample taken from each patient was used as control of their germline genome. Blood somatic mutations are thus detected as variants in the blood (with respect to the human reference genome) that are absent in the tumor sample. The variant calling was carried out in our in house cluster on downloaded blood/tumor BAM files. The matched blood and tumoral BAM files -- masked and deduplicated using GATK -- of 8,530 whole-exome patients were obtained as described above. The variant calling was carried out using Strelka2 (employing default parameters) with the blood sample as the tumoral input and the tumor sample as control (reverse calling). All variants with two or more supporting reads matching the caller PASS filter and with VAF<0.5 were kept. Mutations in lowly mappable regions as defined by the DUST algorithm (k=30) and UMAP68 (36-kmers) were excluded. Contiguous variants were merged into double-base substitutions. Variants with greater frequency across the cohorts than the DNMT3A R882H or JAK2 V617F hotspot in a cohort-specific Panel of Normals and in gnomAD v2.1 were removed. This was equivalent to discarding variants present in these datasets with an allele frequency greater than 0.008 in PoN TCGA and 0.0003 in gnomAD v2.1. Additionally, common SNPs as defined by the dbSNP 151 Common UCSC track and dbSNP were excluded. Mutations within segmental duplications, simple repeats and masked regions as defined in UCSC tracks were also removed. Finally, samples with the mutation count above the 97.5 percentile of the mutation burden across the cohort were deemed unreliable and excluded for further analyses. We call the set of variants obtained after the application of these filters the full set. A more conservative subset of somatic mutations was generated from the full set of blood somatic mutations. To this end, we applied MosaicForecast, a software designed to phase mutations to polymorphisms with the aim of identifying somatic mutations in a small number of cells and also predict mosaicism for the unphased ones with a random forest classifier. As a result, we obtained a subset of mosaic-phased mutations, and a subset of mutations likely to be somatic (mosaic set).In order to obtain access to this study, please first obtain access to TCGA study (phs000178).

  Study phs002867

• Tissue-specificity and co-expression analyses identify human long non-coding RNAs related to inherited retinal disease genes

  The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in biological and pathological processes is still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify lncRNAs that potentially contribute to retinal biology and Inherited Retinal Disease (IRD) by using two complementary strategies, tissue-specificity and location in topologically associating domains (TADs) containing IRD genes on one hand, and co-expression analyses on the other, applied to human retinal omics datasets. This combined approach resulted in the selection of 11 Retina Enriched IRD-gene Related (REIR) lncRNAs, one of which is novel. In-depth in silico and experimental characterization of REIRs identified novel REIR isoforms and confirmed retina-predominant (often photoreceptor-specific) expression as well as predicted functional association with visual function. Long-read direct cDNA sequencing (ONT) of three post-mortem human retina samples was used to delineate the novel REIR isoforms.

  Study EGAS50000000963

• Atezolizumab Plus Personalized Neoantigen Vaccination in Patients with Urothelial Cancer: a Phase 1 Trial

  This is a phase 1 single center clinical trial evaluating a multi-peptide personalized neoantigen vaccine, PGV001, in combination with atezolizumab for patients with urothelial cancer. Patients were enrolled in either the adjuvant or metastatic setting. Those in the adjuvant setting included patients considered high risk of recurrence (pathological stage ypT2-T4 or ypN+ for those treated with prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy or pT3-T4 or pN+ for those not treated with prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy). Those in the metastatic setting included patients progressing after prior chemotherapy or those with at least stable disease after chemotherapy treated as “switch maintenance” therapy. The primary endpoint was feasibility (including the number of neoantigens identified per patient, vaccine production time, the proportion of patients consenting to the vaccine development phase for whom a vaccine product was prepared, and the proportion of patients eligible for the treatment phase who completed the priming cycle 1 of PGV001 plus atezolizumab) and safety. Secondary endpoints included the objective response rate, progression-free survival or disease-free survival, overall survival, and immunomodulatory effects of treatment. Urothelial tumor tissue and normal tissue or peripheral blood specimens were utilized for DNA sequencing. HLA typing was performed utilizing genomic DNA isolated from whole blood, and RNA sequencing was performed utilizing tumor tissue specimens. Neoantigen prediction and final selection for incorporation into the vaccine was determined by the OpenVax computational pipeline. 12 patients were initially enrolled into the vaccine development phase and 10 patients initiated the treatment phase. PGV001 was administered with poly-ICLC and tetanus peptide on subsequent days for up to 10 doses, including an initial priming cycle 1. Atezolizumab was administered every 3 weeks for up to 1 year in the adjuvant setting or 2 years in the metastatic setting. The vaccine was feasible and safe, the median vaccine production time was 20.3 weeks, and 100% of patients that initiated the treatment phase completed the priming cycle. The most common treatment-related adverse events were local grade 1 injection site reactions, fever, and fatigue. Three of the 4 patients in the adjuvant setting remained disease-free at median follow-up of 39.5 months. There was a 40% objective response rate among patients with measurable disease in the metastatic setting. The single patient treated as “switch maintenance” therapy remained with no evidence of disease at 39.4 month follow-up. All patients demonstrated on-treatment neoantigen-specific T cell reactivity, as measured by ELISPOT and flow cytometry assays. Overall, PGV001 plus atezolizumab was feasible, safe, and warrants further investigation. Whole exome sequencing from tumor tissue and normal tissue or whole blood specimens and RNA sequencing from tumor tissue specimens will be available through dbGaP.

  Study phs003922

• Nicotine Addiction Genetics and Correlates

  Ascertainment: Families were ascertained through panels of adult Australian twins, and a sample of spouses of Australian twins. Families with at least one offspring who was identified as a current or former smoker in an earlier survey. Screening telephone interviews were conducted with index cases to provide confirmation of a history of heavy cigarette smoking, to obtain confirmation of a history of heavy cigarette smoking, and to obtain additional information on the history of cigarette use and the survival status of other family members, and their full siblings and parents. Index cases were the affected spouse of a twin, or the affected twin from pairs discordant for a history of heavy smoking, or a randomly chosen twin from pairs where both have a history of regular smoking (i.e., has smoked at least 100 cigarettes lifetime), and at least one live biological parent to identify sibships with at least one affected sib pair (ASP) concordant for heavy smoking, and at least one living parent. If permission was granted by the index case, eligible family members were contacted and invited to provide a blood sample and to complete a telephone diagnostic interview. In families with just one available biological parent, and additional unaffected sibling who had never smoked on a regular basis (i.e., has smoked fewer than 100 cigarette lifetime, but has experimented with cigarettes once or twice) was included (when available) to help compensate for the loss of information due to missing parental phenotypes. (Target N=400 Australian families with approximately 600 ASPs; and 600 TDT trios comprised of a nicotine dependent index case and both biological parents). Diagnostic Assessment: The telephone diagnostic interview assessed DSM-IV and modified DSM-IIIR diagnoses (i.e., without time clustering) for nicotine dependence, alcohol and other drug dependence and abuse, major depression, and childhood conduct disorder. Most diagnostic assessments were based on the SSAGA/SSAGA-II, developed for the multi-site gene-mapping alcoholism study (the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcohol. An exception was the tobacco section, which was developed directly from the CIDI and DIS (as the original SSAGA did not include a diagnostic section on nicotine dependence). In version 2 of this study, a text file containing 7704 SNPs with large allele frequency discrepancy as compared to 1000 Genomes is included. Users have the option to exlude these 7704 SNPs.

  Study phs001299

• Genetics causes of male infertility in 185 patient-parent trios from Netherlands and UK

  In this, whole exome sequencing was performed on 185 patients suffering from Azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and on their respective fertile parents in order to investigate de novo and inherited genetic variants likely to be the cause of infertility in these men. After bioinformatic analysis and comprehensive variant interpretation several de novo point mutations and copy number variations were identified as well as multiple homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in recessive genes that are likely influencing the infertility phenotypes observed in the patients.

  Study EGAS00001005417

• Mucosal Melanoma transcriptomes

  This is an RNA sequencing dataset of 101 mucosal melanoma tumors. The original corresponding study is titled "Diversity of the immune microenvironment and response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in mucosal melanoma" by J.L. Vos et al., published in JCI Insight.

  Dataset EGAD50000000892

• Landscape and significance of multiple mutations in oncogenes.

  This study is a comprehensive pan-cancer study of oncogenic multiple mutations (MMs) which includes long-read whole-genome sequencing data (n = 3).

  Study EGAS00001003763

• WGS of cfDNA in PDAC Breast Cancer and Matched Controls

  This dataset contains WGS data derived from plasma cfDNA. The cohort includes PDAC and breast cancer patients alongside matched controls. These data are intended to support research into ctDNA and genomic fragmentation patterns.

  Dataset EGAD50000002323

• Neoadjuvant immunotherapy leads to pathological responses in MMR proficient and MMR deficient early stage colon cancers

  PD-1 plus CTLA-4 blockade is highly effective in advanced-stage, mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancers, yet not in MMR-proficient (pMMR) tumors. We postulated a higher efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in early-stage colon cancers. In the exploratory NICHE study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03026140), patients with dMMR or pMMR tumors received a single dose of ipilimumab and two doses of nivolumab before surgery, the pMMR group with or without celecoxib. The primary objective was safety and feasibility; 40 patients with 21 dMMR and 20 pMMR tumors were treated, and 3 patients received nivolumab monotherapy in the safety run-in. Treatment was well tolerated and all patients underwent radical resections without delays, meeting the primary endpoint. Of the patients who received ipilimumab + nivolumab (20 dMMR and 15 pMMR tumors), 35 were evaluable for efficacy and translational endpoints. Pathological response was observed in 20/20 (100%; 95% exact confidence interval (CI): 86–100%) dMMR tumors, with 19 major pathological responses (MPRs, ≤10% residual viable tumor) and 12 pathological complete responses. In pMMR tumors, 4/15 (27%; 95% exact CI: 8–55%) showed pathological responses, with 3 MPRs and 1 partial response. CD8+PD-1+ T cell infiltration was predictive of response in pMMR tumors. These data indicate that neoadjuvant immunotherapy may have the potential to become the standard of care for a defined group of colon cancer patients when validated in larger studies with at least 3 years of disease-free survival data.

  Study EGAS00001004160

• Genetic Analysis of Desmoplastic Melanoma

  Desmoplastic melanoma is an infrequent variant of melanoma with sarcomatous histology, distinct clinical behavior, and unknown pathogenesis. We performed low-coverage genome and high-coverage exome sequencing of 20 desmoplastic melanomas, followed by targeted sequencing of 293 genes to validate candidate genes. A high mutation burden (median 62 mutations/Mb) ranked desmoplastic melanoma among the most highly mutated cancers. Mutation patterns strongly implicate UV-radiation as the dominant mutagen, indicating a superficially located cell of origin. Novel alterations included recurrent promoter mutations of NF-kappa B inhibitor epsilon, NFKBIE (IkBε) in 14.5% of samples. Commonly mutated oncogenes in melanomas, in particular BRAF(V600E) and NRAS(Q61K/R), were absent. Instead, other genetic alterations known to activate the MAPK and PI3K signaling cascades were identified in 73% of samples, affecting NF1, CBL, ERBB2, MAP2K1, MAP3K1, BRAF, EGFR, PTPN11, MET, RAC1, SOS2, NRAS, and PIK3CA, some of which being candidates for targeted therapies. Reprinted from: Shain, A. H. et al. Exome sequencing of desmoplastic melanoma identifies recurrent NFKBIE promoter mutations and diverse activating mutations in the MAPK pathway. Nat. Genet. With permission from Nature Genetics

  Study phs000977

• Germline biallelic mutation affecting the transcription factor Helios causes pleiotropic defects of immunity

  We studied a patient with recurrent respiratory infections and hypogammaglobulinemia and identified a germline homozygous missense mutation in IKZF2 encoding Helios (p.Ile325Val). We show that HeliosI325V retains DNA-binding and dimerization properties, but loses interaction with several partners, including epigenetic remodelers HDAC1, HDAC3 and the ATAC complex. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed gene expression signatures indicative of a shift towards pro-inflammatory, effector-like status in the patient’s T cells. We observed an upregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene, TSC22D3, encoding the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), whose expression was reported to increase upon IL-2 deprivation. We validated this finding in primary T cells, where we observed a pronounced reduction in IL-2 production upon their stimulation, together with a defect in their ability to proliferate, rendering them more anergic. Collectively, we identify a novel germline-encoded inborn error of immunity and define a role for Helios in conventional T cells, whereby interactions with specific binding partners is necessary to mediate the transcriptional programs that enable T-cell homeostasis in health and disease.

  Study EGAS00001005675

• The chromatin accessibility signature of human immune aging stems from CD8+ T cells

  Aging is linked to deficiencies in immune responses and increased systemic inflammation. To unravel the regulatory programsbehind these changes, we applied systems immunology approaches and profiled chromatin accessibility and the transcriptomein PBMCs, purified monocytes, and B and T cells. Analysis of samples from 77 young and elderly donors revealed a novel androbust aging signature in PBMCs, with simultaneous systematic chromatin closing at promoters and enhancers associated withT cell signaling and a potentially stochastic chromatin opening mostly found at quiescent and repressed sites. Combined analysesof chromatin accessibility and the transcriptome uncovered immune molecules activated/inactivated with aging andidentified the silencing of the IL7R gene and the IL-7 signaling pathway genes as potential biomarkers. This signature is borneby memory CD8+ T cells, which exhibited an aging-related loss in binding of NF-κB and STAT factors. Thus, our study providesa unique and comprehensive approach to identifying candidate biomarkers and provides mechanistic insights into aging-associatedimmunodeficiency.

  Study EGAS00001002605

• RNA sequencing of CD8 T cells from melanoma patients prior to and during checkpoint immunotherapy and untreated healthy controls

  We are interested in inter-individual variation in transcriptional response to immune checkpoint blockade. We have analysed poly A purified RNA expression from CD8 T cells (297 transcriptomes in total) isolated from metastatic melanoma patients (n=106) prior to and during treatment with either single agent (Pembrolizumab) or combination (Ipilimumab/ Nivolumab) immune checkpoint blockade. We compare expression at different stages of treatment and additionally contrast this with that from healthy controls (n=68).

  Study EGAS00001004081

• Reconstruction of human phylogenetic trees using single-cell genome sequencing

  The trillions of cells that constitute the human body are developed from a fertilized egg through embryogenesis. However, cellular dynamics and developmental outcomes of embryonic cells remain to be largely unknown due to the technical and ethical challenges. Here we sequenced whole-genomes single-cell-derived clones and various bulk tissues dissected from entire human bodies. Using the discovered somatic mutations as an intrinsic barcode, we reconstructed cellular phylogenetic trees that provide novel insights into early human embryogenesis.

  Study EGAS00001004824

• BRCA Mutation Status Shapes the Microenvironment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

  This study was established in order to address how the stromal landscape is influenced by BRCA-mutated and BRCA Wild-type (WT) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A primary cohort of 12 PDAC patients (7 BRCA-WT and 5 germline BRCA-mut) was analyzed by laser-capture microdissection, RNA-sequencing and multiplexed immunofluorescence.

  Study phs002994

• The Genomic Map of Poland in Open Access

  The main goal is to prepare and share WGS/WES of Polish population In this project NGS (next generation sequencing) was performed using Illumina NOVASEQ 6000 and Illumina DRAGEN aligner was used. Shared BAM and BAM.BAI files Library Construction Protocol: Illumina DNA PCR-Free Prep, Tagmentation. Reference Genome: GRCh37.

  Study EGAS50000000096

• Screening_for_abnormal_CGI_methylation_in_primary_colorectal_tumours

  A common hallmark of neoplastic cells is abnormal acquisition of CpG island (CGI) methylation and the silencing of associated gene promoters. To determine the extent and distribution of CGI methylation in colorectal cancer, we solexa sequenced MBD affinity purified DNA prepared from five colorectal tumours and matched colon mucosa from the same individuals.

  Study EGAS00001000076

• Exome sequencing of pseudomyxoma peritonei

  Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a subtype of mucinous adenocarcinoma mainly restricted to the peritoneal cavity and most commonly originating from the appendix. In this study, we sequenced whole coding genome of nine PMP tumors and paired normal tissues in order to identify commonly mutated genes and signaling pathways affected in PMP.

  Study EGAS00001002418

• SCLC

  The aim of this study is to use sequence data generated from 500 bp paired end reads using the Illumina platform to characterise the breakpoints of chromosomal translocations, amplifications and deletions at high resolution (to the bp).

  Study EGAS00001000009

• Raw sequencing of single-cell RNA-seq data of a phase II clinical trial (NCT03419481)

  This is a single-arm Phase II trial of pembrolizumab in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma with parallel study on baseline and serial change in the immune environment.

  Study EGAS50000001315

• RNA-seq data of breast cancer HCI011 model from Ros et al (2020)

  RNA-seq data of the HCI011 and HCI011R models, GDC032 treated and control (total of 21 samples), from the paper: FOXM1 is a biomarker of resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in ER+ breast cancer that is detectable using metabolic imaging (Ros et al, 2020)

  Dataset EGAD00001006245

• The dataset of breast cancer patients and benign breast tumor patients

  The dataset contains 438 plasma samples and 418 tissues samples from 102 breast cancer patients and 30 benign breast tumor patients. There are two kinds of file types: bam and fastq. Amplicon sequencing and Capture sequencing were used in our experiment.

  Dataset EGAD00001004175

• Hypertension delays viral clearance and exacerbates airway hyperinflammation in patients with COVID-19

  In Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are major risk factors for critical disease progression. However, the underlying reasons and the effect of the main anti-hypertensive therapies—angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)—remain unclear. Combining clinical data (n = 144) and single-cell sequencing data of airway samples (n = 48) with in vitro experiments, we observed a distinct inflammatory predisposition of immune cells in patients with hypertension that correlated with critical disease progression. ACEI treatment associated with dampened COVID-19-related hyperinflammation and with increased cell intrinsic anti-viral responses, whereas ARB treatment related to enhanced epithelial–immune cell interactions. Macrophages and neutrophils of patients with hypertension, in particular under ARB treatment, exhibited higher expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL3 and CCL4 and the chemokine receptor CCR1. Although the limited size of our cohort does not allow us to establish clinical efficacy, our data suggest that the clinical benefits of ACEI treatment in patients with COVID-19 who have hypertension warrant further investigation.

  Dataset EGAD00001006828