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• Combined Targeting of CDK4/6 and HER2 Signaling in Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Brain Metastases

  Patients with metastatic HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer will frequently develop brain metastases (BCBMs). Here, we report that p16INK4A, a tumor suppressor, is deficient in the majority of HER2+ BCBMs. Furthermore, p16INK4A deficiency, as measured by protein immunohistochemistry, can be a predictive marker associated with response to combined treatment with tucatinib and abemaciclib in our orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) models of HER2+ BCBMs. Our findings provide the rationale for a biomarker-driven clinical trial of combined treatment with CDK4/6- and HER2-targeted agents for patients with HER2+ BCBM.  

  Study phs002482

• Bulk RNA-seq of monocytes and in vitro cultured monocyte-derived macrophages of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients with active and stable disease and healthy controls

  To study monocyte and macrophage activation in ANCA-associtated vasculitis (AAV), we performed bulk RNA sequencing of bead-selected monocytes and in vitro cultured monocyte-derived macrophages from AAV patients and healthy controls. Overview patients included for sequencing monocytes: - AAV active disease, n=4, MPO-AAV=4 - AAV remission, n=10, PR3-AAV=5, MPO-AAV=5 - Healthy controls, n=6 Overview patients included for sequencing monocyte-derived macrophages: - AAV active, n=1, PR3-AAV=1 - AAV remission, n=3, PR3-AAV=3 - Healthy controls, n=3

  Study EGAS50000000311

• RNA-seq analysis of megakaryocytes and granulocytes in Quebec platelet disorder

  Quebec Platelet disorder (QPD) is a unique bleeding disorder that markedly increases urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in megakaryocytes and platelets but not in plasma or urine. The cause is tandem duplication of a 77 kb region of chromosome 10 containing PLAU and C10orf55. Blood cells and cultured megakaryocytes from donors (7 QPD, 10 control subjects) were prepared for total and allele-specific, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoassays, Western blots and RNA-seq. Transcriptomes for cultured megakaryocytes and peripheral blood granulocytes from 4 control and 3 QPD individuals were analyzed using mRNA-seq.

  Study EGAS00001001840

• Genetic determinants of glycated hemoglobin levels in the Greenlandic Inuit population

  We recently showed that a common genetic variant leads to a remarkably increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the small and historically isolated Greenlandic population. Motivated by this, we aimed at investigating the genetic determinants for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). We found no novel associations but saw that for 10 out of 15 known HbA1C loci that the effects in Greenlandic Inuit were similar to previously reported. One locus, ANK1, showed a significant ancestral population specific effect. Our results shed light on the genetics effects across ethnicites.

  Study EGAS00001002641

• 502 present-day genotypes included in the '137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppe' publication

  For thousands of years, the Eurasian steppe has been a centre for human migrations and cultural changes. To understand its population history following the Bronze Age migrations, 137 ancient humans were sequenced. These ancient DNA sequences were notably compared to the genetic data of present-day populations from Eurasia. Besides already published data, 502 individuals currently living in Inner Asia and Jordania were sampled and newly genotyped on diverse DNA-arrays. These new data, merged as a single dataset of 242,406 autosomal SNPs, are included in the present ENA study.

  Study EGAS00001002926

• Selective advantage of mutant stem cells in human clonal hematopoiesis is associated with attenuated response to inflammation and aging

  In this study we characterised the consequences of DNMT3A- and TET2-mutations in human clonal haematopoiesis. We screened 195 bone marrow samples for mutations by targeted DNA sequencing, and sequenced 99 paired peripheral blood samples to compare mutation detection between bone marrow and blood. We performed single-cell analysis with TARGET-seq+ on 13 samples (4 controls and 9 clonal haematopoiesis samples), which combines single-cell genotyping for targeted mutations with whole transcriptome sequencing on FACS sorted cells. Single-cell genotyping and transcriptomes were sequenced separately and linked by common single-cell identifiers.

  Study EGAS00001007358

• NHLBI and NIDDK Sponsored GWAS in Benign Ethnic Neutropenia/Leukopenia (BEN) in African-Americans (age >45 yrs old) from the REGARDS

  Benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN) is a clinical condition more commonly observed in African-Americans. It is characterized by a relative reduction in neutrophil count by about 1000 cells per microliter, leading to a decrease in total leukocyte count by similar decrement. Previous reports of this condition showed that there was neither higher frequency nor increased severity of infections in affected individuals. Bone marrow examinations showed normal white cell maturation; and ex vivo culture of marrow cells showed low normal or slightly reduced number of myeloid colonies. Under physiologic stress, the increases in neutrophil and leukocyte counts of BEN individuals are slightly lower, compared to normal African-Americans or Caucasians. These clinical observations suggest that BEN results from a lower 'set point' for cell number in the marrow. Additionally, case reports of familial BEN, the persistence of BEN over many decades in the US, UK, and Africa, and the recent report of Duffy antigen and chemokine receptor (DARC) being associated with neutropenia, all suggest a strong genetic association to neutropenia/leukopenia. Our initial look into microarray analyses in a pilot trial of subjects showed that there were no significant differences in mRNA signals between BEN and normal subjects. Therefore, we are now proposing a larger study, utilizing Illumina Omni Express chips, to look for genetic associations. We have partnered with the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (REGARDS), where nearly half of the cohort are African-Americans. This will be one of the few GWAS being performed in only African-Americans, and will provide valuable genetic information to link with neutropenia and possibly other conditions/diseases. Genotyping was performed by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Quality control of the genotypic and phenotypic data was performed through a collaboration between CIDR and the Genetics Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics at the University of Washington, which is funded by a federal contract supported by 14 NIH Institutes (HHSN268200782096C).

  Study phs000507

• Sputum fungal microbiota in an overall healthy population in Guangdong province, China

  This repository contains raw sequencing data for sputum fungal microbiota in an overall healthy population in Guangdong province, China. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive insight on the multi-kingdom airway microbiome, how it may underlie the interplay between exposure and healthy outcomes, and whether it can be employed to inform airway health and diseases.

  Study EGAS00001006720

• Sputum bacterial microbiota in an overall healthy population in Guangdong province, China

  This repository contains raw sequencing data for sputum fungal microbiota in an overall healthy population in Guangdong province, China. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive insight on the multi-kingdom airway microbiome, how it may underlie the interplay between exposure and healthy outcomes, and whether it can be employed to inform airway health and diseases.

  Study EGAS00001006721

• Low_depth_whole_genome_sequencing_across_multiple_isolated_populations

  Isolated populations have unique population genetics characteristics that can help boost power in genetic association studies for complex traits. Leveraging these advantageous characteristics requires an in-depth understanding of parameters that have shaped sequence variation in isolates. This study performs a comprehensive investigation of these parameters using low-depth whole genome sequencing (WGS) across multiple isolates.

  Study EGAS00001001597

• FAM50A_Disruption_in_TOV21G_Cells___RNAseq

  In this project we aimed to assess the transcriptional consequences of disrupting FAM50A in TOV21G cells in vivo. To do this we generated a dox inducible FAM50A gRNA allele such that we could conditionally inactivate FAM50A by feeding mice a diet containing doxycycline. Tumour masses were harvested from mice when they reached the ethical limit and RNA was extracted for RNA-Seq analysis.

  Study EGAS00001004156

• Mutant_clone_mapping_in_oesohagus_restricted_bait

  We aim to assess the burden of mutant clones in normal human oesophagus from donors aged 65+. We will do this for a small number of genes which we know to be under positive dN/dS selection. This will allow us to assess the patient to patient variation in mutational burden as well as any changes in selection which may occur with age.

  Study EGAS00001005660

• ACTIV-6: COVID-19 Outpatient Randomized Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Repurposed Medications

  This study is a platform protocol designed to be flexible so that it is suitable for a wide range of settings within healthcare systems and in community settings where it can be integrated into routine COVID-19 testing programs and subsequent treatment plans. This platform protocol will enroll participants in an outpatient setting with a confirmed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test for SARS-CoV-2. Each appendix will describe a repurposed medication (study drug) to meet the protocol objectives. When only one study drug/appendix is under study, allocation between study drug and placebo will be 1:1. If multiple study drugs/appendices are under study, participants will also be randomized among the study drugs for which eligibility is confirmed. Since the route of administration of each study drug may differ, the placebos may also differ. To achieve blinding and an equitable randomization probability, a two-step randomization process will be used.In the first step, the participant will be randomized m:1 active study drug to placebo, where m is the number of active study drugs for which the participant is eligible. Then, participants will be randomized among the m study drugs for which they are eligible. Participants will carry their ‘study drug' versus ‘placebo' randomization with them into the study drug appendix. In this way, a participant allocated to placebo who is randomized to study drug A will be given the placebo that matches study drug A. This achieves equal probability of exposure to a placebo or an active study drug, and equitable distribution among all study arms for which a participant is eligible. Sites will be informed to which study drug appendix the participant is randomized, but not whether they are allocated to the study drug arm or placebo arm within that appendix. For analysis, concurrent placebo participants who were eligible for the study drug appendix will be pooled. This will result in approximately a 1:1 allocation ratio for any study drug to placebo. If a study drug appendix is stopped for efficacy and becomes standard of care, the active study drug arm may serve as a concurrent placebo for other study drugs.Participants will receive complete supply of repurposed medication (study drug) or placebo with length of treatment and amount of study drug/placebo depending on the study drug appendix and arm to which they are randomized.This study is designed so that it can be done completely remotely. However, screening and enrollment may occur in person at sites and unplanned study visits may occur in person or remotely, as deemed appropriate by an investigator for safety purposes. Participants will be on-study for up to 180 days, during which they will complete various questionnaires.

  Study phs003941

• Whole Exome Sequencing in Familial Parkinson Disease

  We have an ongoing study that has recruited families having at least a sibling pair with Parkinson disease (PD). Families have been screened for mutations in known PD causative genes (LRRK2, parkin, etc). Following review of families without a causative mutation, we selected families for whole exome sequencing that had the strongest history of PD and with the most definitive diagnosis. All families have at least 3 affected family members who were evaluated as part of this study. Only affected family members were included for whole exome sequencing.

  Study phs000376

• Reconstitution of Human Brain Cell Diversity in Organoids via Four Protocols [time-course bulkRNAseq]

  Time-course bulk-RNA sequencing of brain organoids grown in four distinct growth protocols designed to generate dorsal (D) and ventral (V) forebrain, midbrain (M) and striatum (S) tissue at days 13 (for dorsal and ventral)/16 (for midbrain and striatum), 25, 40, 80 and 120. Per per cell line-protocol-timepoint combination three organoids (biological replicates) were grown. For reference, also three samples of the pluripotent stem cells across cell lines, not yet exposed to any protocol, were sequenced (day 0, pluripotent).

  Study EGAS50000000663

• Genomic-Enabled Medicine for Recurrent Glioblastoma

  In this prospective study, we performed genome-wide tumor/normal exome sequencing and tumor RNA-sequencing for recurrent glioblastoma patients. A subset of patients had both enhancing tumor and non-enhancing tissue sequenced to investigate spatial heterogeneity of this disease. Together, this information builds our understanding of the genomic underpinnings of glioblastoma, and contributes toward the knowledge base for identifying and developing more effective treatments for patients with glioblastoma.

  Study phs001460

• H3Africa Chip Design - Aim of designing a cost-effective GWAS chip with content appropriate for use in genomics studies of individuals from the African continent.

  Since it is recognized that currently available chips may not be ideally suited to studying African populations, the H3Africa Genome Analysis working group undertook the task of designing a cost-effective GWAS chip with content appropriate for use in genomics research studies of individuals from the African continent. To address gaps in sequence data for some of the African populations being studied in H3Africa projects, a high coverage whole genome sequence dataset was generated at the Baylor College of Medicine with samples provided by H3Africa PIs and collaborators, funded by the National Institutes of Health. This dataset includes 350 high coverage and 160 medium coverage whole genome sequences from 348 populations. The data is accompanied by minimal metadata, including country, ethnic group and sex.

  Study EGAS00001002976

• University of Zurich (UZH) - Snedeker lab

  Authorised Personnel: The individuals at the User Institution to whom University of Zurich (UZH) grants access to the Data. This includes the User, the individuals listed in Appendix II and any other individuals for whom the User Institution subsequently requests access to the Data. Details of the initial Authorised Personnel are set out in Appendix II. Data: The managed access datasets to which the User Institution has requested access. Data Producers: UZH and the collaborators listed in Appendix I responsible for the development, organisation, and oversight of these Data. External Collaborator: A collaborator of the User, working for an institution other than the User Institution. Project: The project for which the User Institution has requested access to these Data. A description of the Project is set out in Appendix II. Publications: Includes, without limitation, articles published in print journals, electronic journals, reviews, books, posters and other written and verbal presentations of research. Research Participant: An individual whose data form part of these Data. Research Purposes: Shall mean research that is seeking to advance the understanding of genetics and genomics, including the treatment of disorders, and work on statistical methods that may be applied to such research. User: The principal investigator for the Project. User Institution(s): The Institution that has requested access to the Data. UZH: University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland

  Dac EGAC50000000817

• Sudden Death in the Young Case Registry

  Knowledge gaps persist about the incidence of and risk factors for sudden death in the young (SDY). The SDY Case Registry is a collaborative effort between the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Michigan Public Health Institute. Its goals are to: (1) describe the incidence of SDY in the United States by using population-based surveillance: (2) compile data from SDY cases to create a resource of information and DNA samples for research; (3) encourage standardized approaches to investigation, autopsy, and categorization of SDY cases; (4) develop partnerships between local, state, and federal stakeholders toward a common goal of understanding and preventing SDY; and (5) support families who have lost loved ones to SDY by providing resources on bereavement and medical evaluation of surviving family members. Built on existing Child Death Review programs and as an expansion of the Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Case Registry, the SDY Case Registry achieves its goals by identifying SDY cases, providing guidance to medical examiners/coroners in conducting comprehensive autopsies, evaluating cases through child death review and an advanced review by clinical specialists, and classifying cases according to a standardized algorithm. The SDY Case Registry also includes a process to obtain informed consent from next-of-kin to save DNA for research, banking, and, in some cases, diagnostic genetic testing. The SDY Case Registry will provide valuable incidence data and will enhance understanding of the characteristics of SDY cases to inform the development of targeted prevention efforts. For cases where informed consent has been obtained for research genomic sequencing has been performed. On these cases genomic data, phenotype information and on a limited number of cases redacted autopsy reports will be available through dbGaP.

  Study phs003221

• uganda_autosomes

  Genotype data (in binary PLINK format) and imputed data (with merged 1000Gp3 and AGVP reference panel in GEMMA BIMBAM dosage format) for 1391 individuals from EMaBS in Entebbe, Uganda.

  Dataset EGAD00010002578

• Next Generation Mendelian Genetics: Congenital Hyperinsulinism

  The NHGRI Next Generation Mendelian Genetics project uses exome resequencing to identify variants in unsolved Mendelian diseases. Congenital Hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in the newborn and it is due to mutations in 8 different genes (ABCC8, KCNJ11, GLUD1, GCK, HADH, SLC16A1, HNF4A and UCP2). It is a heterogeneous disease with variable onset (birth to adulthood) and a persistent, intermittent, or transient course with possible later conversion to non-autoimmune diabetes. Although mutations in the two subunits of the KATP channel (ABCC8 and KCNJ11) account for 50% of the cases, the other half is still genetically unexplained. CHI can be inherited in a dominant or recessive and can also present as a 'de novo' mutation. We became part of this study when we submitted 8 DNA samples for exome sequencing, from patients with CHI of Caucasian ancestry, which had no mutations identified in ABCC8 or KCNJ1, with the goal to identify new mutations in known genes or new mutations in new genes or genetic variants.

  Study phs000539

• 99 Cases of Small Cell Lung Cancer Study

  Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with poor survival. A few sequencing studies performed on limited number of samples have revealed potential disease-driving genes in SCLC, however, much still remains unknown, particularly in the Asian patient population. Here we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) and transcriptomic sequencing of primary tumors from 99 Chinese SCLC patients. Dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes TP53 and RB1 was observed in 82% and 62% of SCLC patients, respectively, and more than half of the SCLC patients (62%) harbored TP53 and RB1 mutation and/or copy number loss. Additionally, Serine/Arginine Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) DNA copy number gain and mRNA over-expression was strongly associated with poor survival using both discovery and validation patient cohorts. Functional studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that SRSF1 is important for tumorigenicity of SCLC and may play a key role in DNA repair and chemo-sensitivity. These results strongly support SRSF1 as a prognostic biomarker in SCLC and provide a rationale for personalized therapy in SCLC. The manuscript has been accepted by Plos Genetics.

  Study phs001083

• IL-27 promotes tumour control by enhancing cytotoxic T cell function

  Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) are essential for anti-tumour immunity but are frequently dysfunctional in established tumours. Here, we show that expression of a CTL signature is strongly associated with IL-27 expression in diverse human and murine tumours. In mice, IL-27 acts directly on tumour-specific CTL to promote their persistence and effector function in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, treatment with inducible IL-27 overexpression or a half-life-extended IL-27 protein in vivo is well tolerated, induces regression of large established tumours, drives an enhanced cytotoxic program in anti-tumour CTL, and synergizes with PD-L1 blockade. In cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy, high expression of IL-27 is associated with improved clinical response. Finally, IL-27 increases cytotoxicity and limits terminal differentiation of human CD8+ T cells during chronic antigen exposure. Our data demonstrate that endogenous IL-27 is essential for anti-tumour immunity and that IL-27 receptor agonism can safely improve anti-tumor T cell responses alone or in combination with PD-L1 blockade.

  Study EGAS50000000694

• A Case Controlled Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis (ACCESS-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the "Authorized Access" section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Access to Biospecimens is through the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC). Biospecimens from (ACCESS) include Bronchial Lavage, DNA, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Plasma. Please note that use of biospecimens in genetic research is subject to a tiered consent. Objectives: To determine the etiology of sarcoidosis by establishing a case control, multi-center study. In addition to etiology, this study also sought to examine socioeconomic variables and the clinical course of patients with sarcoidosis, including quality of life.Background: Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder of unknown cause that is characterized by activation of T-lymphocytes and macrophages. For many years, sarcoidosis was presumed to be an atypical manifestation of tuberculosis because of the similarity between the inflammatory responses of the two diseases. However, as culture techniques became more widely employed to diagnose tuberculosis and it became less common, it became clear that sarcoidosis was not simply a variation of tuberculosis. Data on the etiology of sarcoidosis have come from diverse sources: in clinical investigations, alveolitis has been found to precede granulomatous inflammation; in case control studies, familial aggregation has been identified; and in case reports, recurrence of granulomatous inflammation has been observed after lung transplantation. The cause may not prove to be a single, known exposure. Interactions of exposures with genetic dispositions could have important implications for our understanding of immune responses as well as the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.Participants: 736 participants with sarcoidosis enrolled within 6 months of diagnosis from 10 clinical centers in the U.S. Using the ACCESS sarcoidosis assessment system, organ involvement was determined for the whole group and for subgroups differentiated by sex, race, and age (Conclusions: The initial presentation of sarcoidosis is related to sex, race and age, and it tends to remain stable over two years in the majority of patients. The etiology is probably multifactoral with both genetic and environmental factors contributing.Specimen Details: The PBMC for this study are pelleted and suspended in guanidinium-based solution and are nonviable.

  Study phs004276

• DNA sequencing for human normal endometrial glands

  To elucidate the timing and mechanism of the clonal expansion of somatic mutations in cancer-associated genes in the normal endometrium, we conducted whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing for 56 endometrial glands and matched blood samples from 4 women. By collecting endometrial glands from different parts of the endometrium, we showed that multiple glands with the same somatic mutations occupied substantial areas of the endometrium.

  Study EGAS00001005822

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Family Study of Essential Tremor (FASET), Identification of Susceptibility Genes for Essential Tremor

  The Familial Study of Essential Tremor (FASET) was designed to identify susceptibility genes for Essential Tremor. ET is among the most common neurological diseases with a prevalence (age > 40 years) estimated to be 4.0% and prevalence in advanced age (> 90 years) exceeding 20%. ET, often referred to as "familial tremor", is generally regarded as a highly genetic disorder with families, with affected members over multiple generations, and twin studies show high concordance among monozygotic twins. Probands (affected with ET) and relatives were enrolled in a family study of ET at Columbia University, New York between 2011 - 2014. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Columbia University and written informed consent was obtained from all enrollees. The criteria for enrollment were: 1) the proband had early-onset ET with age at onset < 50 years, 2) the proband had a diagnosis of definite or probable ET, 3) in addition to the proband, there were at least two affected relatives in the family, 4) additional affected and unaffected family members were willing to participate in the study, and 5) the families contained more than two affected individuals in different generations. Blood samples were also collected for genetic research. For the genetic analyses, we excluded enrollees that we or others had diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) or dystonia. The final sample includes 52 families (52 probands [affected with ET]) and 155 relatives). The number of affected individuals enrolled per family ranged from 3 - 7 (mean = 4.1). Genetic samples from FASET were analyzed with whole genome SNP genotyping (for linkage analyses) and whole exome sequencing. It is hoped that this resource will better help researchers to understand the genetic causes of ET and underlying disease pathogenesis.

  Study phs000966

• Base modification analysis using single molecule real-time sequencing

  This dataset was generated using single-molecule real-time sequencing for both training and testing purposes. The DNA samples isolated from human buffy coats or placenta of healthy individuals (n=4,) were prepared in a way that four types of base modifications were incorporated, including unmodified controls, 5mC, 5hmC, and 6mA. The sequence data for each sample consists of subreads produced by single-molecule real-time sequencing and stored in a bam format. Details of the specific experiments conducted in this study are outlined in our manuscript.

  Dataset EGAD50000000541

• Spatial and temporal transcriptome analysis on human skeletal muscle regeneration

  Skeletal muscle carries a unique ability for adaptation as well as regeneration that highly depends on a supportive cellular microenvironment. Here we show that spatial and single-cell transcriptomic analysis in human skeletal muscle is a unique approach to illuminate cellular interactions in the microenvironment.

  Study EGAS50000000182

• RNA-sequencing of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma samples

  Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy derived from mature CD4+ T-lymphocytes. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis for ATL samples including 9 primary tumors and 1 ATL cell line to clarify gene expression profiles in this disease.

  Study EGAS00001003575

• The effect of anti-HER2/CD3 TDB on transcription in human CD8 T cells (bulk RNA-seq)

  RNA was isolated from purified human CD8 cells that were incubated with anti-HER2/CD3 TDB in the presence of SK-BR-3 cells. Sequencing libraries were generated and submitted for transcriptome profiling by high-throughput sequencing. Experiments were performed in triplicates for anti-HER2/CD3 TDB treatment and control. This Dataset is associated with the following ArrayExpress Experiment: E-MTAB-8211 - The effect of anti-HER2/CD3 TDB on transcription in human CD8 T cells (bulk)

  Dataset EGAD00001005187

• Mortality and risk of progression to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis

  Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 causes the functionally debilitating disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). Although there were concerns that the mortality of HAM/TSP could be affected by the development of ATLL, prospective evidence was lacking in this area. In this 5-year prospective cohort study, we determined the mortality, prevalence, and incidence of ATLL in 527 HAM/TSP patients. The standard mortality ratio of HAM/TSP patients was 2.25, and ATLL was one of the major causes of death (5/33 deaths). ATLL prevalence and incidence in these patients were 3.0% and 3.81 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. To identify patients at a high risk of developing ATLL, flow cytometry, Southern blotting, and targeted sequencing data were analyzed in a separate cohort of 218 HAM/TSP patients. In 17% of the HAM/TSP patients, we identified an increase in T-cells positive for cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a marker for ATLL and HTLV-1 infected cells. Genomic analysis of these patients revealed that somatic mutations of HTLV-1 infected cells were seen in 90% of the cases and 11% of them had dominant clone and developed ATLL in the longitudinal observation. In this study, we were able to demonstrate for the first time that the increased mortality in patients with HAM/TSP and a significant effect of ATLL on their prognosis. Having dominant clonal expansion of HTLV-1- infected cells with ATLL-associated somatic mutations may be important characteristics of patients with HAM/TSP who are at an increased risk of developing ATLL.

  Study JGAS000226

• Phylogenetic analysis of treatment-naive metastases using whole exome and genome sequencing data

  Metastases are responsible for the majority of cancer related deaths and are often difficult to treat successfully. Even for metastases that occur subsequent to treatment, we do not know whether such relapsing metastases were originally heterogeneous or if the observed heterogeneity is a consequence of therapy. Given that treatment can influence evolutionary dynamics by selecting resistant clones, imposing bottlenecks on cancer cell populations, and even inducing novel somatic mutations, characterizing the prior standing variation among metastases remains an important goal to predict initial therapeutic response. To quantify the heterogeneity at clinical presentation of advanced disease, we surveyed the literature for patients in which at least two treatment-naïve metastases underwent genome/exome-wide sequencing. Across all cancer types surveyed, only 18 subjects were found to fulfill this requirement. Including previously unpublished data from two subjects, we analyzed data of 74 untreated metastases and inferred cancer phylogenies. Putative driver gene mutations were acquired at a 2-fold higher rate on the trunk of all metastases than on branches. Mutations in driver genes along the trunk were strongly enriched for predicted functional consequences. Using a stochastic mathematical model, we find that driver gene heterogeneity among metastases mostly occurs in slowly growing cancers for highly advantageous driver gene mutations. Seeding efficiency only weakly affects the heterogeneity among metastases. These results explain why functional driver gene heterogeneity is uncommon in advanced disease prior to treatment, thus providing optimism for future therapies that depend on mutations across metastases.

  Study EGAS00001002777

• Whole-Exome Sequencing Plasma Control Samples for Benchmarking

  This study contains whole-exome sequencing plasma and HapMap (12877, 12878) control samples for bioinfomatic bencmarking. Plasma samples contain variations in the genes KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and EGFR, including insertions and deletions, at 0.0%, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 5.0%.

  Study EGAS50000000565

• Lam-ESC&Lam-Recombination data

  This dataset includes all data produced in the study describing "Lam-ESC&Lam-Recombination", a method for sequencing of signal joints and coding joints generated from human light chain antigen receptor loci during V(D)J recombination in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) patients. This dataset includes: - Amplicon Lam-ESC for a total of 86 BCP-ALL patients - fastq files - Amplicon Lam-Recombination for a total of 43 BCP-ALL patients - fastq files

  Dataset EGAD50000000597

• Gene-Environment Interactions (GxE) and Complex Traits

  Functional variants associated with complex traits tend to fall in non-coding regions and affect regulatory mechanisms that are not yet well characterized. Furthermore, it is generally difficult to determine in which tissues and conditions they may have a functional impact. This is because the effect of a genetic variant on a molecular pathway, and ultimately on the individual's phenotype, may be modulated by "environmental" factors. We denominate such variants "gene-expression environment-specific quantitative trait nucleotides" GxE-QTNs. Achieving a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying GxE is a critical step in understanding the link between genotype and complex phenotype. It is also crucial to develop computationally efficient and statistically sound methods capable to integrate tissue/condition-specific functional genomics data to predict and validate when a sequence variant is functional. In this study we developed novel experimental and computational approaches to screen, analyze and functionally characterize genetic variants for complex traits modulated by environmental exposures. To identify and characterize genes with GxE, we analyzed allele specific gene expression in a panel of five relevant tissues (e.g. the vascular endothelium for cardiovascular diseases) under 50 controlled environmental conditions (e.g. glucocorticoids treatment, as a proxy for stress exposure). These data should be useful to develop computational tools that integrate different sources of evidence including data collected by ENCODE, RoadMap Epigenome and GTEx projects to functionally annotate GWAS variants. The experimental and computational tools developed by this project have widespread applicability, for example, can be used to tackle the functional basis of complex traits in other environmental contexts (e.g. other types of stress and hormonal levels) and genetic backgrounds. This resource represents the first comprehensive catalog of genetic variants that interact with environmental exposure in determining human complex traits.

  Study phs001176

• Investigating the Role of Neddylation in the Repair of Topoisomerase I-Mediated DNA Damage in Colorectal Cancer

  Colorectal cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. First-line chemotherapy for metastatic CRC (mCRC) entails a combination of irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FOLFIRI). Irinotecan is a prodrug that is converted within the cell to its active metabolite SN38, a potent TOP1 inhibitor. TOP1 relieves DNA torsional strain arising from DNA metabolism by cleaving one strand of the DNA duplex and forming an enzyme-DNA covalent intermediate that can be trapped by inhibitors. The resulting TOP1 DNA-protein crosslinks (TOP1-DPCs) interfere with replication and transcription and induce cell death if left unrepaired. I have established the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in TOP1-DPC repair, but it remains unknown how ubiquitylation is activated. One possibility is that collision between advancing replication forks and the DPCs triggers a specific ubiquitin ligase to target DPCs for degradation. The DDB1-CUL4 (Cullin 4)-RBX1 (CRL4) ubiquitin ligase complex performs a salient role in both replication and DNA repair upon its activation by auto-NEDD8 modification (neddylation), but it is unknown whether it plays a role for TOP1-DPC repair. We plan to define the role of neddylation for TOP1-DPC repair during replication and examine irinotecan plus pevonedistat (PEV), a NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor in multiple clinical trials, in CRC patient-derived preclinical models including 3D organoids. The three in-house organoids, from which samples have been submitted to dbGaP, were sequenced as a means of verifying their identity as colon cancer organoids, to allow us to investigate the combination of TOP1 inhibitors and PEV and the molecular mechanisms underlying this drug combination in these organoids.

  Study phs003257

• CPTAC Proteogenomic Study

  Recently, significant progress has been made in characterizing and sequencing the genomic alterations in statistically robust numbers of samples from several types of cancer. For example, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and other similar efforts are identifying genomic alterations associated with specific cancers (e.g., copy number aberrations, rearrangements, point mutations, epigenomic changes, etc.) The availability of these multi-dimensional data to the scientific community sets the stage for the development of new molecularly targeted cancer interventions. Understanding the comprehensive functional changes in cancer proteomes arising from genomic alterations and other factors is the next logical step in the development of high-value candidate protein biomarkers. Hence, proteomics can greatly advance the understanding of molecular mechanisms of disease pathology via the analysis of changes in protein expression, their modifications and variations, as well as protein=protein interaction, signaling pathways and networks responsible for cellular functions such as apoptosis and oncogenesis. Realizing this great potential, the NCI launched the third phase of the CPTC initiative in September 2016. As the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, CPTAC continues to define cancer proteomes on genomically-characterized biospecimens. The purpose of this integrative approach was to provide the broad scientific community with knowledge that links genotype to proteotype and ultimately phenotype. In this third phase of CPTAC, the program aims to expand on CPTAC II and genomically and proteomically characterize over 2000 samples from 10 cancer types (Lung Adenocarcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Clear cell renal Carcinoma, Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Cutaneous Melanoma, Sarcoma, Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma) .Germline DNA is obtained from blood and Normal control samples for proteomics varied by organ site. All cancer samples were derived from primary and untreated tumor.

  Study phs001287

• Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury Network - Reevaluation of Systemic Early Neuromuscular Blockade (PETAL ROSE-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the "Authorized Access" section below regarding accessing data through the BioData Catalyst ecosystem. The data from this accession is not available for download through dbGaP. Available Data: The data available for request now include Long Term Outcome data.Biospecimens: Access to Biospecimens is through the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC). Biospecimens from PETAL ROSE include Plasma, DNA, Whole Blood, and Urine. Please note that use of biospecimens in genetic research is subject to a tiered consent.Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of early neuromuscular blockade with concomitant heavy sedation as compared with a strategy of usual care with lighter sedation targets in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS.Background: It has been well established that the approaches used for the application of mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can affect survival and outcomes after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). A large, multicenter trial conducted a decade before this study reported that the early administration of a 48-hour infusion of neuromuscular blockade in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS (defined by a ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen [Pao2] to the fraction of inspired oxygen [Fio2] of Participants: There were 1006 participants.Design: PETAL-ROSE was a multicenter, unblinded, randomized trial of patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 48 hours of continuous neuromuscular blockade with concomitant deep sedation (intervention group) or to receive usual care without routine neuromuscular blockade and with lighter sedation targets (control group).Patients in the intervention group who were not under deep sedation at baseline were deeply sedated within 4 hours after randomization. Subsequently, patients in this group received an intravenous bolus of 15 mg of cisatracurium, followed by a continuous infusion of 37.5 mg per hour for 48 hours. After the 48-hour trial intervention period, decisions regarding further use of neuromuscular blockade, including the choice of agent, were left to the discretion of the treating clinician. Neuromuscular blockade could be stopped early if the patient met the criteria for freedom from mechanical ventilation (Fio2 ≤0.40 and PEEP ≤8 cm of water) for at least 12 hours. All patients were treated with a strategy of low tidal volume ventilation within 2 hours after randomization and a high PEEP strategy for up to 5 days after randomization. Assessors who were unaware of the group assignment interviewed surviving patients or their proxies at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization. The primary end point was in-hospital death from any cause at 90 days (in-hospital was defined as the time in the trial hospital plus transfer to another hospital, including the time in long-term acute care facilities). Conclusions: After the second interim analysis, the decision to stop the trial for futility was made independently by the data and safety monitoring board.In critically ill patients identified shortly after the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe ARDS, the addition of early continuous neuromuscular blockade with concomitant deep sedation did not result in lower mortality than a usual-care approach to mechanical ventilation that included lighter sedation targets.

  Study phs003878

• Targeted_sequencing_of_genes_recurrently_mutated_in_AML

  Background Massively parallel sequencing technology has transformed cancer genomics. It is now feasible, in a clinically relevant time-frame, for a clinically manageable cost, to screen DNA from patient tumours for mutations essentially genome-wide. The challenge for personalised medicine will be to increase the sample size to thousands or tens of thousands of well-characterised cases in order to attain sufficient statistical power to stratify patients accurately across the complexity and genomic heterogeneity expected for most of the common tumour types. Currently, whole genome sequencing on this scale is not feasible, and targeted sequencing of relevant portions of the genome will be required. Pilot data We have developed protocols for large-scale, multiplexed sequencing of 100-200 genes in thousands of samples. Essentially, using robotic technology, genomic DNA from the cancer specimen is processed into sequencing libraries with unique DNA barcodes, thereby allowing sequencing reads to be attributed to the sample they derive from. Currently, these sequencing libraries can be generated in a 96-well format using fully automated protocols, and we are exploring methods to expand this to a 384-well format. The sequencing libraries are pooled and hybridized to custom sets of RNA baits representing the genomic regions of interest. Sequencing of the pulled-down libraries is done in pools of 48-96 samples per lane of an Illumina Hi-Seq. This protocol is already implemented at the Sanger Institute. We have published proof that somatic mutations in novel cancer genes can be identified from exome-wide sequencing. In unpublished pilot data, we have established the feasibility of robotic library production, custom pull-down, and multiplexed sequencing of barcoded libraries for 100 known myeloid cancer genes across 760 myelodysplasia samples. Highlights of the data thus far analysed reveal that the coverage is remarkably even between samples; when 96 samples are run, average coverage per lane of sequencing is ~250, with 90-95% of targeted exons covered by >25 reads; known mutations can be discovered in the data set; and the protocol is amenable to whole genome amplified DNA. The bioinformatic algorithms for identification of substitutions and indels in pull-down data are well-established; we have pilot data proving that copy number changes, LOH and genomic rearrangements in specific regions of interest can also be identified by tiling of baits across the relevant loci. Proposal We propose to apply this methodology to 10000 samples from patients with AML enrolled in clinical trials over the last 10-20 years. Oncogenic point mutations and potentially genomic rearrangements will be identified, and linked to clinical outcome data, with a view to undertaking the following sorts of analyses: • Identification of co-occurrence, mutual exclusivity and clusters of driver mutations. • Correlation of prognosis with driver mutations and potentially gene-gene interactions • Exploration of genomic markers of drug response Ultimately, we would like to be in a position to release the mutation data together with matched clinical outcome data to genuine medical researchers via a controlled access approach, possibly within the COSMIC framework (www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/cosmic/). The vision here is to generate a portal whereby a clinician faced with an AML patient and his / her mutational profile can obtain a ‘personalised’ prediction of outcome, together with a fair assessment of the uncertainty of the estimate. With a sufficient sample size, there would also be the potential to develop decision support algorithms for therapeutic choices based on such data.

  Study EGAS00001000408

• NHLBI TOPMed: Novel Risk Factors for the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Women

  The Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS) is a prospective cohort comprised of over 25,000 initially healthy female health professionals enrolled in the Women's Health Study, which began in 1992-1994. All participants in WGHS provided baseline blood samples and extensive survey data. Women who reported atrial fibrillation during the course of the study were asked to report diagnoses of AF at baseline, 48 months, and then annually thereafter. Participants enrolled in the continued observational follow-up who reported an incident AF event on at least one yearly questionnaire were sent an additional questionnaire to confirm the episode and to collect additional information. They were also asked for permission to review their medical records, particularly available ECGs, rhythm strips, 24-hour ECGs, and information on cardiac structure and function. For all deceased participants who reported AF during the trial and extended follow-up period, family members were contacted to obtain consent and additional relevant information. An end-point committee of physicians reviewed medical records for reported events according to predefined criteria. An incident AF event was confirmed if there was ECG evidence of AF or if a medical report clearly indicated a personal history of AF. The earliest date in the medical records when documentation was believed to have occurred was set as the date of onset of AF.

  Study phs001040

• A GWAS for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil

  Our goal was to identify genetic risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis. Genotyping 2066 CL cases and 2046 controls using Illumina HumanCoreExomeBeadChips provided data for 4,498,586 imputed single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Genome-wide association testing using linear mixed models took account of genetic diversity/ethnicity/admixture. Post-GWAS positional, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL), and chromatin interaction mapping was performed in FUMA. Transcriptional data were compared between lesions and normal skin, and cytokines measured using flow cytometry and Bioplex assay.

  Study EGAS00001004596

• Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) 1000 Exomes Study

  Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common pediatric spinal deformity. Although the Bracing in AIS Trial (BrAIST) recently demonstrated the effectiveness of bracing for preventing scoliosis progression in some patients, more than 20,000 children undergo major spinal fusion surgery at an annual cost of $3 billion. Spinal fusion surgery is a major operation with considerable risks and complications. Accurate methods of predicting curve progression are needed to develop personalized prevention strategies for those at high risk and to eliminate screening and treatment of those at low risk of progression. Previously identified risk factors for scoliosis curve progression include sex, age of onset, curve type, and presence of an underlying disorder. However, currently available algorithms for predicting AIS curve progression are inaccurate, possibly because the role of genetic factors has been largely unexplored. Because there is little a priori knowledge of the genetic variants involved in AIS pathology, an unbiased genome-wide approach is likely to provide the best opportunity to comprehensively identify disease-associated genes. This is a multicenter exome sequencing study of extreme cases with severe scoliosis.

  Study phs001677

• Fetal Genomics Consortium (FGC)

  Many of the congenital anomalies and associated genomic variants identified during prenatal care are rare, requiring aggregation and harmonization to assure their appropriate clinical interpretation and to support the expanding utility of genomics in perinatal medicine. The primary step in accomplishing this is the creation of interoperability allowing collection, collaborative storage, dissemination and use of harmonized and vetted genomic and phenotypic data. The overall goal of this project is to generate a prenatal repository for both clinical care and research ensuring data are Findable; Accessible; Interoperable; and Reusable. The specific goals are: (1) collect and organize data contributions from multiple sites using the cloud-based Terra platform; (2) establish a governance structure for data contributions across sites; (3) develop and implement a pipeline for phenotype driven analysis and implementation of fetal specific Phenopackets on Terra; (4) generate a searchable callset of genomic variants and phenotype features on Terra; and (5) explore methods for facilitating broad access and sharing of longitudinal phenotype and genomic data facilitating genomic analysis in the prenatal space.

  Study phs003193

• Clinical Cancer Genomic Profiling by Three-Platform Sequencing of Whole Genome, Whole Exome and Transcriptome

  To evaluate the potential of an integrated clinical test to detect diverse classes of somatic and germline mutations relevant to pediatric oncology, we performed three-platform whole-genome (WGS), whole exome (WES) and transcriptome (RNA-Seq) sequencing of tumors and normal tissue from 78 pediatric cancer patients in a CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited laboratory. Our analysis pipeline achieves high accuracy by cross-validating variants between sequencing types, thereby removing the need for confirmatory testing, and facilitates comprehensive reporting in a clinically-relevant timeframe. Three-platform sequencing has a positive predictive value of 97-99%, 99% and 91% for somatic SNVs, indels and structural variations, respectively, based on independent experimental verification of 15,225 variants. We report 240 pathogenic variants across all cases, including 84 of 86 known from previous diagnostic testing (98% sensitivity). Combined WES and RNA-Seq, the current standard for precision oncology, achieved only 78% sensitivity. These results emphasize the critical need for incorporating WGS in pediatric oncology testing.

  Study EGAS00001002217

• Ghana Breast Health Study

  The Ghana Breast Health Study (GBHS) was a multi-disciplinary, population-based case-control study conducted in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana that was designed to investigate breast cancer etiology in the West Africa region. The study enrolled 1,126 invasive breast cancer cases and 2,106 frequency matched population-based controls using census-based sampling. GHBS participants were between the ages of 18 to 74 years of age. Breast cancer cases were recruited at the time they presented with lesions suspicious of breast cancer at three hospitals: Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (Accra), Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital (Kumasi) and Peace and Love Hospital (Kumasi). These hospitals are the primary providers of treatment for breast cancer in Ghana, allowing for cases in our study to represent most breast cancers diagnosed in these areas during the study period. The following publications describe the GBHS in detail: 1) Brinton LA et al. Design considerations for identifying breast cancer risk factors in a population-based study in Africa. Int J Cancer 2017;140:2667-2677 (PMID:28295287). 2) Nyante SJ et al. Recruiting population controls for case-control studies in sub-Saharan Africa: The Ghana Breast Health Study. PloS one 2019;14:e0215347 (PMID:30990841)Among subjects with an available source of germline DNA genotyping was performed using the Infinium Global Screening Array-24 per the manufacturer’s guidelines using the Infinium automated protocol. We excluded probable duplicates and close relatives, and samples with a call rate < 95% or samples with extreme heterozygosity. Female sex was verified by Identifiler using X chromosome heterozygosity and the X chromosome inbreeding coefficient F statistics. The GLU genetics’ ld.tagzilla module was used to confirm African ancestry. To resolve more detailed population substructure, principal components analysis was conducted among all unrelated subjects using the EIGENSOFT v7.2.1. Imputation was performed using the Michigan imputation server Minimac3 with 1K genomes phase3 as reference panel.

  Study phs002387

• Predicting brain tumor recurrence: development and validation of a DNA-methylation based nomogram in meningioma

  Our work is the first to demonstrate the transformative utility of integrating clinical and molecular factors for use beyond simple classification into the realm of individualized prognostication for any brain tumor. Using our developed and validated tools that are publicly available, clinicians will be able combine clinical and molecular factors to determine an individualized probability of recurrence for patients with meningiomas. This represents a major advance in the field of personalized medicine for neuro-oncology, and the use of this tool can help clinicians overcome one of the most challenging limitations we face when treating patients with meningiomas.

  Study EGAS00001003490

• UMCG Immunogenetics DAC

  DAC for the data generated in the Immunogenetics group in the genetics department of the University Medical Center Groningen

  Dac EGAC50000000785

• CSER: South-Seq: DNA Sequencing for Newborn Nurseries in the South

  SouthSeq, part of the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research (CSER2) effort, aims to perform genome sequencing for infants in nurseries at hospitals in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Kentucky. SouthSeq aims to sequence 600 newborn babies presenting with congenital anomalies, or other signs of a rare genetic disorder. The primary goals of SouthSeq are to provide early diagnoses to children with rare genetic conditions, to demonstrate the utility of genome sequencing as a frontline test with potential to improve intermediate and long-term clinical outcomes, and to equip non-genetics providers to deliver test results in order to facilitate the conduction of genome sequencing outside of major medical centers where patients may not have access to a genetics provider. SouthSeq also aims to ensure that genomic testing is applied across diverse communities; recruitment efforts focus on patients from rural and minority populations that have been historically under-represented in both medicine and genomics research. Sequencing and analysis for SouthSeq are being conducted at the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology in Huntsville, Alabama (https://www.hudsonalpha.org/). Enrollment of infants with signs of genetic disease is approved at five clinical sites, including nurseries at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Woman's Hospital in Baton Rouge, Children's Hospital in New Orleans, and the University of Louisville. Both biological parents are enrolled when available so that follow-up testing can be performed to determine inheritance. Further, participant families may choose to opt-into return of secondary findings identified in the proband, which focus on pathogenic and likely pathogenic variation identified within ACMG SFv3.0 genes.

  Study phs002307

• Evaluation of Nuclear DNA from Rootless Hairs for Forensic Purposes

  The study aims to overcome current limitations in the recovery of DNA from small, difficult forensic samples. Particularly, our goal is to produce a robust laboratory protocol and the accompanying software to accelerate adoption, as well as to evaluate the reliability and robustness of both the laboratory and computational aspects of generating genotype files from minute and/or degraded DNA samples, such as single, rootless hairs.The data accompanying this study includes raw, paired-end reads from high-throughput sequencing of two panels of saliva, head hair, and pubic hair samples collected from anonymous volunteers at the University of California, Santa Cruz. The smaller set (Hair1.0) comprises 8 individuals, while the larger (Hair2.0) comprises 50 individuals, with 3 overlapping individuals between the two panels identified in post-collection analysis. We did not collect phenotype data or personally identifying information from the participants. For the Hair2.0 panel, only a subset of volunteers provided pubic hairs for DNA extraction and sequencing. Also included are saliva-derived genotype array data for all 8 individuals in the Hair1.0 panel and 44 of 50 individuals in the Hair2.0 panel.

  Study phs002979

• The Etiological Bases of Giftedness: Epidemiological Study of Cognitive Ability in Children in Saudi Arabia

  Recent studies of genetic foundations of cognitive ability rely on large samples (hundreds of thousands) of individuals from relatively outbred populations of mostly European ancestry. Hypothesizing that the genetic foundation of cognitive ability depends on the broader population-specific genetic context, we performed a genome-wide association study and homozygosity mapping of cognitive ability estimates obtained through latent variable modeling in a sample of 354 children from the consanguineous population of Saudi Arabia. Approximately half of the sample demonstrated significantly elevated homozygosity levels indicative of inbreeding, and among those with elevated homozygosity, it was negatively associated with cognitive ability. Further homozygosity mapping identified a specific run, inclusive of the GRIA4 gene, that survived corrections for multiple testing for association with cognitive ability. The results suggest that in a consanguineous population, a notable proportion of the variance in cognitive ability in the normal range in children might be regulated by population-specific mechanisms such as patterns of elevated autozygosity.

  Study phs001884