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• RNA sequencing of in vitro generated suppressive myeloid cells using parental and Sialidase expressing A549 cancer cell lines

  Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four human donors were cultured together with either lung adenocarcinoma A549 cancer cells or A549-expressing H1N1 Sialidase cancer cells. These treatments induced the differentiation of donor cells into immunosuppressive MDSC-like cells, which were further subjected to bulk RNA sequencing. RNA-seq TruSeq libraries were generated from polyA-enriched mRNA isolated from the samples, and sequenced in paired-end mode on 4 lanes of an Illumina NextSeq 500 flow-cell

  Dataset EGAD00001012437

• RNA-seq dataset of A cycling, progenitor-like cell population at the root of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor subtype differentiation trajectories

  Study describing the differentiation trajectory of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) at single-cell level. This study describes how the differentiation trajectory differs per subtype of ATRTs, and how those findings could contribute to develop so-called "maturation therapy" tailored towards ATRTs.

  Dataset EGAD00001015544

• RNAseq of human breast cancer tumors from the PEARL study

  Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tumor samples had RNA extracted using the Thermo Scientific KingFisher Flex instrument and the Applied Biosystems MagMAX FFPE DNA/RNA Ultra Kit; Total RNA libraries were created using the Bravo Automated Liquid-Handling Platform and the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep Gold Kit; libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 machine using a 2x50 bp paired-end configuration to target a read depth of 120 million clusters per library.

  Dataset EGAD00001015613

• Mapping genetic variants underlying gene regulation in intestinal cell types to identify novel IBD drug targets

  Biopsies from the terminal ileum and rectum of healthy individuals and terminal ileum and blood from Crohns disease patients are collected and processed single cells and processed for single-cell RNA-sequencing using 10X Genomics 3 v3 and v3.1 and Illumina sequencing. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001016069

• NHLBI TOPMed: Australian Familial Atrial Fibrillation Study

  In the Australian Familial AF Study, a cohort of probands with familial AF was recruited for genetics studies at the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute. Familial AF cases were identified from in-patient and out-patient populations at St. Vincent's Hospital and by referral from collaborating physicians throughout Australia. Study subjects underwent clinical evaluation with history, ECG and echocardiogram, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. 151 probands aged <66 years at the time of diagnosis were included in this analysis. The control cohort was comprised of age- and sex-matched individuals (n=151) who had no history of cardiovascular disease. In the current TOPMed study, we have performed whole genome sequencing in European Ancestry cases with early-onset atrial fibrillation (defined as atrial fibrillation onset prior to 61 years).

  Study phs001435

• Targeted Sequencing of Primary ER-positive Breast Tumors Treated with 5 Years of Tamoxifen

  Targeted massively parallel sequencing analysis was conducted on DNA extracted from archived 22-28 year old, formalin-fixed primary breast tumors from 625 patents from British Columbia treated with five years of adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy and followed for over 10 years. Genes were selected for targeted sequencing by review of existing large-scale breast cancer sequencing studies and breast cancer literature. In total, 83 genes were identified and 3,029 probes were designed to tile across all known exons. Illumina sequencing libraries were constructed, indexed, pooled, and enriched for target sequences by hybrid-capture followed by sequencing of paired-end 100bp reads. All samples met minimum quality controls of 80% targeted space covered at 20X or greater. On average, each sample had 336M aligned bases and a mean coverage of 135.8X.

  Study phs001234

• The Mood and Methylation Study (MMS)

  The Mood Methylation Study (MMS) is an observational study designed to understand epigenetic mechanisms underlying major depression symptoms (MDD) using a co-twin control design. Twins enrolled in the MMS were monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant on lifetime history of MDD. All twins were members of the Washington State Twin Registry (WSTR), a community-based twin registry consisting of over 10,000 twin pairs. Lifetime and current MDD diagnoses were determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Research Version (SCID-4-RV). DNA methylation in blood monocytes was measured using the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. Monocyte gene expression was quantified by paired end RNA-seq (50 PE). Zygosity of the twin pairs included in the MMS was self-reported and confirmed using the polymorphic SNPs included in the DNA methylation array.

  Study phs002858

• NIDDK⁄CIDR Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IBDGC) Genome Wide Association Study in Familial Crohn's Disease

  The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (NIDDK - IBDGC) conducted a genome wide association study (GWAS) using the Human Omni2.5-Quad beadchip from Illumina to identify disease variants associated with familial Crohn's disease. This study includes a subset of individuals from an original cohort of affected subjects and affected/unaffected relatives from a previous linkage scan which showed increased linkage evidence at three novel risk loci. A total of 708 samples were selected based on various criteria for inclusion from the 6 Genetic Research Centers (GRC) in North America that participate in the IBDGC. This project was supported by an ancillary R01 grant from the NIDDK with resources made available through the IBDGC.

  Study phs000367

• HNPCC-Sys: Molecular Characterization of Lynch Syndromes

  Lynch Syndrome (LS) tumors are characterized by constitutional mutations in DNA mismatch-repair genes. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are the predominant tumor type in patients with LS. Here, we have used whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of LS- CRC to find similarities and differences of mutation and gene expression characteristics between LS-CRC and sporadic CRC (data provided by TCGA via dbGaP). Furthermore, we were interested in the molecular heterogeneity of LS-CRC. We have performed a molecular characterization of LS-tumors and of matched tumor-distant reference colonic mucosa based on whole-genome DNA- and RNA-sequencing analyses. Our data indicates the existence of two subgroups of LS-CRCs, G1 and G2, where G1 tumors show a higher number of somatic mutations, higher microsatellite slippage and a different mutation spectrum.

  Study phs001407

• Abundant Quantitative Trait Loci Exist for DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Human Brain

  These data are derived from iterative data collection and analysis partly reported in three primary publications (Gibbs et al., 2010, PMID: 20485568, Hernandez et al. 2011, PMID: 21216877, Hernandez et al. 2012, PMID: 22433082). This study includes an assessment of common genetic variability across the genome, chip based gene expression analysis and array based methylation analysis, across a series of 150 subjects from whom we had cerebellum, frontal cortex, pons, and temporal cortex tissue (600 tissue samples). In each tissue we assessed 27,578 DNA methylation sites and the expression level of 22,184 genes. This work was then expanded to include assessment of 232 additional subjects and two tissues (cerebellum and frontal cortex) for whom we collected genotype, RNA expression and DNA methylation data.

  Study phs000249

• GWAS for IgA Nephropathy

  IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common form of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis characterized by glomerular deposition of IgA-containing immune complexes and manifesting with hematuria, proteinuria, and often kidney failure. This dataset is from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) designed to identify novel genetic risk loci for IgAN. In this dataset, seven cohorts were genotyped by Illumina Multi-Ethnic Global Array, consisting of 3,337 IgAN cases and 2,177 healthy controls of European and East Asian ancestries. Three of the provided cohorts were genotyped by Illumina HumanImmuno Chip, which are composed of 2007 cases of IgAN of European ancestry. These cohorts were used in the GWAS meta-analysis, as described in the manuscript entitled "GWAS defines pathogenic signaling pathways and prioritizes drug targets for IgA nephropathy" (Nature Genetics 2022, in press).

  Study phs000431

• International Genetics of Parkinson Disease Progression (IGPP) Consortium: EPIPARK and HBS2 Cohorts

  EPIPARK and HBS2 cohorts were analyzed as part of the International Genetics of Parkinson Disease Progression (IGPP) Consortium. EPIPARK is a population-based cohort to study non-motor symptoms in parkinsonism in the city of Lübeck, Germany led by Drs. Meike Kasten and Christine Klein. HBS2 is a recently enrolled subset of participants in the Harvard Biomarkers Study led by Dr. Clemens Scherzer (www.bwhparkinsoncenter.org/biobank) of 89 participants with a diagnosis of Parkinson Disease (PD). Genotyping with Illumina Infinium Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Arrays (MEGA chip) was performed by Dr. Scherzer, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. 179 participants with a diagnosis of PD from EPIPARK and 89 participants with a diagnosis of PD from HBS2 met Q/C criteria were analyzed.

  Study phs002328

• Development and Validation of Organoids from Fibrolamellar Carcinoma Human Cells

  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a rare liver tumor affecting adolescents and young adults with no history of primary liver disease or cirrhosis. We collected fibrolamellar tumor tissue and the adjacent non-tumor liver from patients at the time of surgery. We only used tumor tissue that was validated as fibrolamellar by the presence of the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene. The freshly resected tissue was dissociated and grown as organoids. This yielded 21 patient-derived organoid lines. From the tumor tissue we developed twelve organoids from metastases and three from the liver tumor. Additionally, we generated six organoid lines from the adjacent non-tumor liver. The tumor organoids were all shown to recapitulate the histologic morphology, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptome of the tumor tissue from which they were derived.

  Study phs002439

• Dysregulation of Naive T Cell Quiescence during Aging

  TEA-seq (novel trimodal single-cell analysis of mRNA transcripts, surface protein epitopes, and chromatin accessibility) was performed on CD3+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy pediatric (11–13 yrs, n = 8) and older adult (55–65 yrs, n = 8) female donors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was additionally performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a healthy cohort of 16 pediatric, 16 young adult (25–35 yrs), and 16 older adult donors with equal sex distribution. Using these data, we dissected the compositional and molecular alterations within the T cell compartment across the spectrum of healthy age, showing broad transcriptional and epigenetic alterations within the T cell compartment of older adults compared to children, as well as a novel population of pediatric-specific CD8aa T cells.

  Study phs003400

• The Oral Microbiome and Head and Neck Cancer

  Oral microbiota may influence head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development, potentially related to carcinogen metabolism. The human oral cavity hosts a diverse microbiota, including bacteria and fungi. We performed shotgun sequencing and ITS1 sequencing on 236 HNSCC case participants who developed HNSCC during a mean follow-up of 5.1 years and 458 matched controls who remained HNSCC-free. Oral samples were obtained from a prospective nested case-control study within three epidemiological cohorts: the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (ACS CPS-II), the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO), and the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Control participants were selected using 2:1 frequency matching based on cohort, age, sex, race and ethnicity, and time since oral sample collection.

  Study phs004018

• Construction of Thousands of Single Cell Genome Sequencing Libraries Using Combinatorial Indexing

  Single-cell genome sequencing has proven valuable for the detection of somatic variation, particularly in the context of tumor evolution. Current technologies suffer from high library construction costs which restrict the number of cells that can be assessed and thus impose limitations on the ability to measure heterogeneity within a tissue. Here, we present Single cell Combinatorial Indexed Sequencing (SCI-seq) as a means of simultaneously generating thousands of low-pass single cell libraries for somatic copy number variant detection. We constructed libraries for 16,698 single cells from a combination of cultured cell lines, primate frontal cortex tissue, and two human adenocarcinomas, including a detailed assessment of subclonal variation within a pancreatic tumor. "Reprinted from Vitak, S.A., et. al. 2017 with permission from Nature Methods."

  Study phs001268

• High-coverage whole exome sequence in non-TRU-type lung adenocarcinomas

  In order to elucidate the key genetic events in non-TRU-type lung cancer, we selected 43 non-TRU-type lung adenocarcinomas and performed a whole exome sequence and RNA-seq analysis using a next-generation sequencer. The results of the analysis identified mutations in TP53, KRAS and NKX2-1 as the top three significantly mutated genes, while the EGFR mutation was rare in this cohort. Eight NKX2-1 mutations (5 frameshift, 2 nonsense, and one missense) were identified, with one case harboring two distinct NKX2-1 mutations (missense and frameshift). All NKX2-1 mutants were transcriptionally inactive in reporter assays. Histologically, invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas accounted for most of the NKX2-1 mutations (5 cases), while 1 enteric and 1 acinar adenocarcinoma harbored the NKX2-1 mutation.

  Study JGAS000105

• Transcriptomic profiling of circulating regulatory T cells from follicular lymphoma patients before and after Lenalidomide treatment

  Lenalidomide has demonstrated a favorable efficacy profile in follicular lymphoma (FL) in combination with anti-CD20 antibodies. However, in vivo administration of Lenalidomide in FL patients triggers a proliferation of functional regulatory T cells (Tregs), and a high percentage of Tregs before and along the course of treatment with Lenalidomide/anti-CD20 combination is of poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Lenalidomide on circulating Treg in 3 FL patients using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). For this purpose, we took advantage of the GALEN clinical trial (NCT01582776), where Lenalidomide was initiated one week before starting the anti-CD20 antibody Obinutuzumab, allowing us to compare the transcriptomic profile of immune cells before (D0) and at day 7 (D7) of treatment by Lenalidomide alone.

  Study EGAS50000001048

• An Unusual Genomic Variant of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with an Indolent Clinical Course

  We describe a patient with biopsy-proven locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) who underwent a modified course of gemcitabine and stereotactic body radiation therapy. Whole exome sequencing of this patient's tumor revealed a simple genome landscape with no evidence of mutations, copy number changes, or structural alterations in genes most commonly associated with PDA, i.e. KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53 or SMAD4. An analysis of germline DNA revealed no pathogenic variants of significance. Whole exome and whole genome sequencing identified a somatic mutation of RNF213 and an inversion/deletion of CTNNA2 as the genetic basis of this PDA. Although PDA is classically characterized by a predictable set of mutations, these data suggest that alternate genetic paths to PDA may exist, which can be associated with a more indolent clinical course.

  Study EGAS00001002192

• Spatially resolved single-nucleus RNA sequencing of Choroid Plexus Tumours reveals clinically relevant hypoxia- and stress-driven dedifferentiation programs that sculpt an immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic microenvironment

  Our study leverages single-nucleus RNA sequencing (~124,500 nuclei) and spatial transcriptomics (~40,650 spots) to dissect the molecular architecture of CPTs. We generated a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of 45 CPT samples spanning all three methylation groups and a reference cohort of 16 non-neoplastic choroid plexus (ChP) samples, spanning foetal, paediatric and adult specimens. Key discoveries from this investigation include that paediatric B tumorus exhibit a dedifferentiated state and enrichment of stress-related metaprograms, including hypoxia, TGFß signaling, Interferon I signaling and early stress response, that correlate with poor clinical outcome and antagonise multiciliogenesis. On a spatial level, these stress-linked programs co-localise with immunosuppressive, pro-angiogenic microenvironment, suggesting a link between developmental arrest, microenvironmental remodelling and aggressive behaviour.

  Study EGAS50000001617

• Phase Ib of olaparib and capivasertib

  Background: Combining poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitors is supported by strong preclinical rationale. We sought to assess safety and a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for the PARPi olaparib combined with the AKT inhibitor, capivasertib, and evaluate molecular markers of response and resistance. Methods: As part of a larger phase 1b trial, we performed a safety lead in of olaparib and capivasertib followed by expansion (n=24) in endometrial, triple negative breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Olaparib 300mg orally twice daily and capivasertib orally twice daily on a 4 day on/3 day off schedule were evaluated. Two dose levels (DL) were planned: capivasertib 400mg (DL1); capivasertib 320mg (DL-1). Patients underwent biopsies at baseline and after 28 days.

  Study EGAS00001004930

• Tumor-associated preferred end coordinates and somatic variants as signatures of circulating tumor DNA

  Cell-free DNA fragmentation is a nonrandom process. We showed that cell-free DNA fragments with ends at certain genomic coordinates had higher likelihoods of being derived from hepatocellular carcinoma. Other coordinates were associated with cell-free DNA molecules originating from the liver. Quantitative assessment of cell-free DNA molecules bearing these respective groups of end signatures correlated with the amounts of tumor-derived or liver-derived DNA in plasma. There were millions of tumor-associated plasma DNA end coordinates across the genome. Due to their high prevalence, they were more readily detectable than somatic mutations as a cancer signature in plasma. Hence, detection of tumor-associated plasma DNA ends may offer a cost-effective means of capturing evidence for the presence of cancer through liquid biopsy assessment.

  Study EGAS00001003160

• Size-tagged preferred ends in maternal plasma DNAshed light on the production mechanism and showutility in noninvasive prenatal testing

  Cell-free DNA molecules in the plasma of pregnant women exhibit nonrandom fragmentation with preferred end sites. We studied if such preferred end sites might bear any re- lationship with fragment lengths of plasma DNA. Short and long plasma DNA molecules were associated with different preferred DNA end sites. Analysis of size-tagged preferred ends could be used for measuring fetal DNA fraction and for facilitating fetal trisomy 21 detection. Fetal preferred end sites were generally located in the nucleosome cores, while the maternal ones were located in the linker regions. This con- ceptual framework provides an explanation of the relative shortness of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and brings us closer to understanding the biological mechanisms that influence plasma DNA fragmentation.

  Study EGAS00001002831

• UAMS Smoldering Myeloma Timeline Cohort

  To better understand the pattern of genetic changes over time, we performed whole exome sequencing of sequential bone marrow samples from 9 patients taken overtime including some paired SMM/newly diagnosed MM/Relapse MM samples. Samples from 9 patients (9 controls and 53 tumors) underwent whole exome sequencing with an additional capture for the IGH, IHK, IGL, and MYC loci. DNA was obtained from either CD138+ cells from the bone marrow of smoldering myeloma patients through time (tumor) or from stem cell harvests or peripheral blood cells from the same patient (control). 100 ng of DNA was fragmented, end-repaired, and adapters ligated using NimbleGen's MedExome. After PCR amplification hybridized libraries underwent further amplification before being sequenced on a NextSeq500 (Illumina) using 75 bp paired end reads.

  Study EGAS00001003687

• Cross-species genomics identifies TAF12, NFYC and RAD54L as novel choroid plexus carcinoma oncogenes

  Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are poorly understood and frequently lethal brain tumors with minimal treatment options. Using a new mouse model of the disease and a large cohort of human CPCs, we performed a cross-species, genome-wide search for novel oncogenes within syntenic regions of chromosome gain. TAF12, NFYC and RAD54L, co-located on human chromosome 1p32-35.3 and mouse chromosome 4qD1-D3, were identified as oncogenes that are gained in tumors in both species and required to initiate and progress the disease in mice. TAF12 and NFYC are transcription factors that regulate the epigenome, while RAD54L plays a central role in DNA repair. Our data identify a group of concurrently gained, novel oncogenes that cooperate in the formation of CPC and unmask potential new avenues for therapy.

  Study EGAS00001000961

• Facial Skin Biophysical Multi-Parameter and Microbiome-Based Korean Skin Cutoype (KSC) Determination

  In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of skin measurements, clinical BSTI surveys, and the skin microbiome of 950 Korean subjects to examine the ideal skin microbiome-biophysical association. By utilizing four skin biophysical parameters, we identified four distinct Korean Skin Cutotypes (KSCs) and categorized the subjects into three aging groups based on their age distribution. We established strong connections between 15 core genera and the four KSC types within the three aging groups, revealing three prominent clusters of the facial skin microbiome. Together with skin microbiome variations, skin tone/elasticity distinguishes aging groups while oiliness/hydration distinguishes individual differences within aging groups. Our study provides prospective reality data for customized skin care based on the microbiome environment of each skin type.

  Study EGAS00001007334

• Recurrent Somatic Mutations of PTPN1 in Primary Mediastinal B cell lymphoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma

  Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBCL) are related lymphomas sharing pathological, molecular and clinical characteristics. Here, we discovered recurrent somatic coding sequence mutations of the tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPN1 in the tumor genomes and transcriptomes of these B cell lymphomas (6 of 30 or in 20% of HL cases and 13 of 49 or in 27% of PMBCL cases), consisting of nonsense, missense and frameshift mutations. We demonstrate that PTPN1 mutations lead to reduced phosphatase activity and increased phosphorylation of JAK-STAT pathway members. Moreover, silencing of PTPN1 by RNA interference in HL cell line KM-H2 resulted in hyperphosphorylation and overexpression of downstream oncogenic targets. Our data establish PTPN1 mutations as novel drivers in B cell lymphomagenesis.

  Study EGAS00001000554

• A genetic compendium of human brains from the UK Medical Research Council brain tissue resource

  Common neurodegenerative diseases have a complex genetic architecture. Highly penetrant diseases alleles are found in a significant minority of cases, and common risk alleles are present in a large proportion. Given the central role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of these disorders, it is critical that mechanistic studies in human subjects and tissue samples are interpreted in an genetically enlightened context. To address this we performed exome sequencing on 1461 human brains accessible through the Medical Research Council (UK) brain banks network. Our findings confirm the complex genetic landscape of neurodegenerative disease. Clinical, pathological and genetic data for the 1461 brains with corresponding exome sequencing data are available within this dataset, enabling the genetic stratification and selection of post-mortem tissue samples for researchers.

  Study EGAS00001001599

• Spatio-temporal evolution of the primary glioblastoma genome

  Tumor recurrence following treatment is the major cause of mortality for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Thus, insights on the evolutionary process at recurrence are critical for improved patient care. Here, we describe our genomic analyses of 38 GBM patients with the initial and recurrent tumor specimens for each individual. A substantial divergence in the landscape of driver alterations was associated with distant appearance of a recurrent tumor from the initial tumor, suggesting that the genomic profile of the initial tumor can mislead targeted therapies for the distally recurred tumor. In addition, in contrast to IDH1-mutated gliomas, IDH1-wild-type primary GBMs rarely developed hypermutation following temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, indicating low risk of TMZ-induced hypermutation for these patients under the standard regimen.

  Study EGAS00001001041

• Whole Genome Sequencing of Liver Cancers

  Genomic alterations driving tumorigenesis result from the interaction of environmental exposures and endogeneous cellular processes. With a diversity of risk factors including viral infection, carcinogenic exposures and metabolic diseases, liver cancer is an ideal model to study these interactions. Whole genome sequencing of liver tumors identified 10 mutational signatures showing distinct relationships with environmental exposures, replication and transcription. Transcription-coupled damage was specifically associated with the liver-specific signature 16 and alcohol intake. Flood of indels were identified in very highly expressed hepato-specific genes, likely resulting from replication-transcription collisions. Reconstruction of sub-clonal architecture revealed mutational signature evolution during tumor development exemplified by the vanishing of aflatoxin-B1 signature in African migrants. These findings shed new light on the natural history of liver cancers

  Study EGAS00001002408

• RNA-seq of Glioblastoma stem cells

  Chromatin accessibility discriminates stem from mature cell populations, enabling the identification of primitive stem-like cells in primary tumors, such as Glioblastoma (GBM) where self-renewing cells driving cancer progression and recurrence are prime targets for therapeutic intervention. We show, using single-cell chromatin accessibility, that primary GBMs harbor a heterogeneous self-renewing population whose diversity is captured in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In depth characterization of chromatin accessibility in GSCs identifies three GSC states: Reactive, Constructive, and Invasive, each governed by uniquely essential transcription factors and present within GBMs in varying proportions. Orthotopic xenografts reveal that GSC states associate with survival, and identify an invasive GSC signature predictive of low patient survival. Our chromatin-driven characterization of GSC states improves prognostic precision and identifies dependencies to guide combination therapies.

  Study EGAS00001003070

• 10x genomics single cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq from 10 pre-menopausal patients fimbriae and ampullary part of the fallopian tube

  The fallopian tube, connecting the uterus with the ovary, is a dynamic organ that undergoes cyclical changes and is the site of several diseases, including serous cancer. Here, we use single-cell technologies to construct a comprehensive cell map of healthy pre-menopausal fallopian tubes, capturing the impact of the menstrual cycle and menopause on different fallopian tube cells at the molecular level. The comparative analysis between pre- and post-menopausal fallopian tubes reveals substantial shifts in cellular abundance and gene expression patterns, highlighting the physiological changes associated with menopause. Further investigations into menstrual cycle phases illuminate distinct molecular states in secretory epithelial cells caused by hormonal fluctuations. The markers we identified characterizing secretory epithelial cells provide a valuable tool for classifying ovarian cancer subtypes.

  Study EGAS50000000628

• WGS of liver cancer in the Japanese population

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cancer-related cause of death and the seventh most common form of cancer worldwide, with an estimate of more than 700,000 new cases each year. The most established risk factors of HCC are chronic HBV and HCV infection. HBV infection is responsible for over 50% of the worldwide attributable risk of HCC, especially in East Asia and Africa, while in Japan and several Western countries HCV infection is the most common risk factor for HCC. To gain insights into the molecular alterations of virus-associated HCC, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 321 HCC tumors from 159 patients. This work was performed as a part of the ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) project.

  Study EGAS00001000678

• ECM-free patient-derived organoids preserve diverse prostate cancer lineages and uncover in vitro-enriched cell types

  Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) hold promise for modeling various cancers, yet their application in prostate cancer (PCa) has been limited due to low culture success and the predominance of non-tumor-like cells. Using 164 PCa samples and optimizing culture conditions, we demonstrate that an extracellular matrix (ECM)-free culture method improves PDO take-rates, fostering cell populations with luminal and PCa-specific characteristics. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals that these ECM-free PDOs closely mirror their original tumors at the transcriptomic level and maintain a diverse array of tumor cell types, unlike traditional Matrigel-based cultures which predominantly yield benign-like cells. This study introduces a PCa PDO single-cell atlas, providing a valuable resource for advancing prostate cancer research.

  Study EGAS50000000807

• Mutations in the SIX1/2 pathway and the DROSHA/DGCR8 miRNA microprocessor complex underlie high-risk blastemal type Wilms tumors

  Blastemal histology in chemotherapy-treated pediatric Wilms tumors (nephroblastoma) is associated with adverse prognosis. In order to find novel therapeutic leads for this subgroup of patients, we analyzed 58 such Wilms tumors by exome and transcriptome analysis and validated our findings in larger independent cohorts. Recurrent mutations identified either somatically or in the germline included a hotspot mutation (Q177R) in the homeodomain of SIX1 and SIX2 in tumors with high proliferative potential, mutations in microprocessor genes like DROSHA, DGCR8, DICER1 and DIS3L2, and alterations in IGF2, MYCN, and TP53, the latter being strongly associated with dismal outcome. DROSHA and DGCR8 mutations had a strong effect on miRNA profiles in tumors, which we confirmed in cell lines transfected with mutant DROSHA.

  Study EGAS00001000906

• Genome-wide association analysis on five isolated populations - Erasmus Rucphen Family (ERF) Study

  ERF is embedded in the Genetic Research in Isolated Population (GRIP) program. Genealogy of GRIP is available from its founding (1600-1650). For ERF, we selected 22 related (first and second degree, non-consanguineous) couples living in GRIP between 1850-1900, and having at least six children baptized in the community church. All living descendants of those couples were invited to participate in ERF1. About 4,000 relatives included in the study form a very complex pedigree, which consists of more than 23,000 members. The participants aged between 18-20 years constitute a unique single family spanning over 23 generations. Around 3,000 individuals have been extensively phenotyped for several psychiatric and somatic traits. All phenotyped individuals are genotyped on genome-wide genotyping arrays.

  Study EGAS00001001134

• Comprehensive Transcriptional Analysis of Early Stage Urothelial Carcinoma using whole transcriptome sequencing

  The expression profile and sequence variants of 476 early stage urothelial carcinoma were studied using whole transcriptome sequencing. RNA-Seq libraries were prepared by Ribo-Zero treatment of total-RNA followed by library preparation using ScriptSeq (both Epicentre/Illumina). RNA-Seq libraries were paired-end sequenced (2x 101 bp) on Illumina HiSeq 2000 and the resulting fastq files were processed using tools from the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK and from the Tuxedo suite. Access to the sequence data (mapped and un-mapped bam and vcf files), containing person identifying information, needs signature on a controlled access form, and can be accessed at The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) following request. An expression matrice of FPKM values are available without restriction at ArrayExpress (E-MTAB-4321).

  Study EGAS00001001236

• Radiation-induced gliomas represent H3-/IDH-wild type pediatric gliomas with recurrent PDGFRA amplification and loss of CDKN2A/B

  Long-term complications such as radiation-induced second malignancies occur in a subset of patients following radiation-therapy, particularly relevant in pediatric patients due to the long follow-up period in case of survival. Radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs) have been reported in patients after treatment with cranial irradiation for various primary malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and medulloblastoma (MB). We perform comprehensive (epi-) genetic and expression profiling of RIGs arising after cranial irradiation for MB (n=23) and ALL (n=9). Our study reveals a unifying molecular signature for the majority of RIGs, with recurrent PDGFRA amplification and loss of CDKN2A/B and an absence of somatic hotspot mutations in genes encoding histone 3 variants or IDH1/2, uncovering diagnostic markers and potentially actionable targets.

  Study EGAS00001005243

• A benchmarking resource for NGS testing of cancer predisposition genes

  A benchmarking resource of 639 individuals, to assess the analytical sensitivity of cancer predisposition gene (CPG) testing.The dataset includes sequencing data generated using the TruSight Cancer Panel (TSCP) a targeted NGS assay for analysis of CPGs and orthogonally generated data supporting at least one pathogenic variant in a CPG for a total of 645 pathogenic CPG variants.The set of pathogenic CPG variants includes strong representation of some of the most challenging types of pathogenic variants, with 339 indels, including 16 complex indels and 24 insertions or deletions with length greater than 5bp, and 74 exon CNVs, including 23 single exon CNVs. There are 502 pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2, making this an important first-line validation dataset for laboratories performing NGS testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2.

  Study EGAS00001002993

• Integrative Profiling of T790M Negative EGFR Mutated NSCLC Reveals Pervasive Lineage Transition and Therapeutic Opportunities

  We performed whole exome and transcriptome analysis of 59 first- and second-generation EGFR TKI resistant metastatic EGFR mutated patients to characterize and compare molecular alterations mediating resistance in T790M positive and negative disease. Transcriptomic analysis revealed ubiquitous loss of adenocarcinoma lineage gene expression in T790M negative tumors, orthogonally validated using multiplex immunohistochemistry. There was enrichment of genomic features such as TP53 alterations, 3q chromosomal amplifications, whole genome doubling and non-aging mutational signatures in T790M negative tumors. Almost half of resistant tumors were further classified as Immunehot, with clinical outcomes conditional on immune cell infiltration state and T790M status. Finally, using a Bayesian statistical approach, we explored how T790M negative and positive disease might be predicted using comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiles of treatment-naïve patients.

  Study EGAS00001005389

• Mullighan - PAX5-driven Subtypes

  Using integrated genomic analysis of 1.988 childhood and adult cases, we describe a revised taxonomy of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which incorporates 23 subtypes defined by chromosomal rearrangements, sequence mutations, or heterogeneous genomic alterations. Two subtypes have frequent alterations of the B lymphoid transcription factor gene PAX5. One, PAX5alt, has diverse PAX5 alterations, and a second subtype is defined by a single mutation, PAX5 P80R. We show that P80R impairs B lymphoid development and promotes the development of B-ALL in vivo. These results demonstrate the utility of transcriptome sequencing to classify B-ALL and reinforce the central role of PAX5 as a checkpoint in B lymphoid maturation and leukemogenesis.

  Study EGAS00001003266

• Profiling of childhood neuroblastoma and the immune microenvironment by single-cell sequencing of RNA and TCR

  Neuroblastoma tumor cells and their tumor microenvironment are studied by single-cell RNA sequencing of primary neuroblastoma tumors and neuroblastoma-infiltrated tissues/metastases. Both diagnostic samples, taken pre-treatment and samples taken after induction chemotherapy at surgical resection and biopsies from relapse samples are included.  For a number of patients single-cell RNA sequencing of blood samples (controls) are included and additionally we performed single-cell T cell receptor sequencing (TCR) on the tumor and blood samples. With this study, we will focus on identifying differences in tumor cells and their (immune) microenvironment 1) before and after treatment or at relapse and 2) between primary tumors and infiltrated tissues/metastases. Moreover, with TCR sequencing we aim to unveil immune cell dynamics in patients with neuroblastoma.

  Study EGAS00001006823

• Microbiota 16S sequencing study in NSCLC patients eligible for surgery without neoadjuvant treatment

  18 non-small cell lung cancer patients eligible for surgery without neaodjuvant treatment were included in the study at Centre Jean Perrin (France). Patients did not take any antibiotics, food supplements or immunostimulants 2 months prior to inclusion. During surgery, patients underwent partial or complete lobectomy where samples of non-malignant lung tissue, peritumoural tissue and tumour were resected from the removed lobe. This was preceeded by the washing of the removed lobe and obtaining the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. These four sample types were analysed by 16S sequencing in 17 from 18 patients. The study is a part of the project "Characterization of Microbiota (Intestinal, From Lungs, and Upper Airways) in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Exploratory Study " which is registered under ref. NCT03068663 (clinicaltrials.gov).

  Study EGAS00001004728

• RP-1843 Arcagen - Gastrointestinal rare cancers (GI)

  Arcagen is an EORTC/SPECTA pan-European project that aims to recruit 1000 rare cancer patients from different tumour domains of EURACAN. This study collected samples from advanced or metastatic rare cancer from patients older than 12, and analysed them using Foundation Medicine next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels (FoundationOne CDx for FFPE samples or FoundationOne Liquid CDx for blood samples). Here we are submitting two datasets that contain NGS files from gastrointestinal rare cancers (n=119): - Dataset 1 (32 patients): Mesothelioma of the peritoneum (n=21) and Pseudomyxoma peritonei/mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix (n=11) - Dataset 2 (87 patients): Intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n=47), Extra-hepatic, cholangiocarcinoma (n=16), Not specified Cholangiocarcinoma (n=9), Small bowel adenocarcinoma (n=6) and other rare GI cancer (n=9)

  Study EGAS00001006299

• Single cell whole genome sequencing of high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  This dataset was collected from viable bone marrow cells obtained at diagnosis from nine patients with high hyperdiploid ALL and one normal bone marrow sample. All samples were subjected to low pass single cell whole genome sequencing with the median sequencing coverage of 0.02x. Single nuclei in G0/G1 phase were isolated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) cytometer. DNA libraries were constructed and associated next-generation sequencing was carried out by European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Further details regarding the DNA libraries construction are available by Bos et. al., 2019 (https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-8931-7_15). The dataset has been used for copy number aberrations analysis.

  Study EGAS00001006347

• Upper respiratory microbiome of COVID-19 patients

  Understanding the pathology of COVID-19 is a global research priority. Early evidence suggests that the microbiome may be playing a role in disease progression, yet current studies report contradictory results. Here, we examine potential confounders in COVID-19 microbiome studies by analyzing the upper respiratory tract microbiome in well-phenotyped COVID-19 patients and controls combining microbiome sequencing, viral load determination, and immunoprofiling. We found that time in the intensive care unit and the type of oxygen support explained the most variation within the upper respiratory tract microbiome, dwarfing (non-significant) effects from viral load, disease severity, and immune status. Specifically, mechanical ventilation was linked to altered community structure, lower species- and higher strain-level diversity, and significant shifts in oral taxa previously associated with COVID-19.

  Study EGAS00001004951

• ATAC-Seq of inflamed and non-inflamed biopsies

  Inflamed and non-inflamed biopsies were digested for 45 minutes at 37ºC with collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum (Sigma). Suspension cells were then stained with an antibody cocktail to sort live CD8-CD4+ T cells. After isolating crude nuclei of two thousand live CD4+ T cells, they were treated with Tagment DNA buffer and Tagment DNA Enzyme (Nextera DNA Library Prep Kit, Illumina), and then the DNA was purified by MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Transposed DNA fragments were amplified using specific adapters followed by purification with MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Fragments from 240-360pb were selected in the PippinHT system (Sage Science). The quality of the library and its DNA concentration were assessed by Bioanalyzer instruments (Agilent Technologies) and ultimately submitted for sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer, V4 chemistry.

  Study EGAS00001007344

• Gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors

  The dataset represents a total of 85 DNA samples from 22 male and 20 female pediatric patients affected with gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors. The samples were subject to whole genome sequencing, WGS, [71 samples, (representing 18 male and 17 female individuals)] and whole exome sequencing, WES, [14 samples, (representing 4 males and 3 female individuals)]. One tumor tissue sample and one peripheral blood sample were analyzed from each of 84 patients, whereas two tumor tissue samples and one peripheral blood sample were analyzed from one patient. The WGS samples were sequenced 2x150 bp paired-end on an Illumina HiSeqX v2.5 instrument, and the WES samples were sequenced 2x100 bp paired-end on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument. The FASTQ files generated were aligned to the human reference genome sequence GRCh38/hg38 using bwa-mem, with the ALT-aware option turned on. Sorting of reads and marking of PCR duplicates was performed with GATK. Base quality score recalibration and joint realignment of reads around insertions and deletions (indels) were conducted using GATK tools. The dataset consists of 85 files in the CRAM format (lossless compression) with a total file size of ~13,3 TB. Additional genomic and molecular data (FASTQ, BAM, IDAT, and VCF files) and limited clinical data can be requested by ethically approved projects conducting research in the field of pediatric cancer.

  Dataset EGAD50000000300

• CCOC WGS for the study Genomic consequences of aberrant DNA repair mechanisms stratify ovarian cancer histotypes

  For CCOC cohorts, OvCaRe cases were reviewed, including frozen material, by at least two expert gynecopathologists prior to inclusion in the sequencing cohort who provided the confirmation on final selected cohort. Frozen H&E from Tokyo were also used for evaluation along with representative H&E photos and review done at the Jikei School of Medicine. All CCOC tumours are primary tumour samples. Library construction and sequencing Frozen specimens with >50% tumour cellularity (based on initial slide review) were used for cryosectioning and subsequent nucleic acid extraction. Patient tumour and normal blood samples derived from primary, untreated fresh frozen tumour specimens harvested at diagnosis during standard of care debulking surgery. Germline DNA was provided from peripheral blood buffy coat on all specimens except 13 from Tokyo, where non-cancer frozen tissue was used as a germline source. DNA extraction from both matched normal (blood) and tumour samples (frozen tissue) were performed using the QIAamp Blood and Tissue DNA kit (Qiagen) and quantified using a Qbit fluorometer and reagents (high-sensitivity assay). Three lanes of Illumina HiSeq 2500 v4 chemistry for normal samples and five lanes for tumour samples were obtained. The PCR-free protocol was adopted to eliminate the PCR-induced bias and improve coverage across the genome.

  Dataset EGAD00001003265

• GCT WGS for the study Genomic consequences of aberrant DNA repair mechanisms stratify ovarian cancer histotypes

  For GCT cohorts, OvCaRe cases were reviewed, including frozen material, by at least two expert gynecopathologists prior to inclusion in the sequencing cohort who provided the confirmation on final selected cohort. Frozen H&E from Tokyo were also used for evaluation along with representative H&E photos and review done at the Jikei School of Medicine. All GCT tumours are primary tumour samples. Library construction and sequencing Frozen specimens with >50% tumour cellularity (based on initial slide review) were used for cryosectioning and subsequent nucleic acid extraction. Patient tumour and normal blood samples derived from primary, untreated fresh frozen tumour specimens harvested at diagnosis during standard of care debulking surgery. Germline DNA was provided from peripheral blood buffy coat on all specimens except 13 from Tokyo, where non-cancer frozen tissue was used as a germline source. DNA extraction from both matched normal (blood) and tumour samples (frozen tissue) were performed using the QIAamp Blood and Tissue DNA kit (Qiagen) and quantified using a Qbit fluorometer and reagents (high-sensitivity assay). Three lanes of Illumina HiSeq 2500 v4 chemistry for normal samples and five lanes for tumour samples were obtained. The PCR-free protocol was adopted to eliminate the PCR-induced bias and improve coverage across the genome.

  Dataset EGAD00001003267