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• Characterization of Prostate Cancer Organoids

  Using models from the LuCaP series as well as those generated at the National Cancer Institute, we have established organoids for in vitro mechanistic testing, including drug screening and genetic manipulation. The major findings from these continuing studies is the durability of organoids for maintaining complex subpopulation and intratumoral heterogeneity and the parallels between in vitro testing and patient outcomes. Existing data from prior releases includes whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, single-cell and bulk RNA-seq, single-cell ATAC-seq, and SNP array. New data in this release is ChIP-seq data from three models and RNA-seq data from one model.

  Study phs001587

• NHLBI TOPMed: Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP)

  The Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) was designed to evaluate whether continuous, long-term treatment (over a period of four to six years) with either an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) or an inhaled noncorticosteroid drug (nedocromil) safely produces an improvement in lung growth as compared with treatment for symptoms only (with albuterol and, if necessary, prednisone, administered as needed). The primary outcome in the study was lung growth, as assessed by the change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1, expressed as a percentage of the predicted value) after the administration of a bronchodilator. Secondary outcomes included the degree of airway responsiveness, morbidity, physical growth, and psychological development.

  Study phs001726

• Single-Cell Transcriptomic Characterization of Microscopic Colitis

  Patients with microscopic colitis (MC), chronic diarrhea without histological signs of MC, or unaffected controls were profiled using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq; inDrops and 10X Genomics were used). One profiled patient without clinical symptoms was found to have histological signs of MC (asymptomatic MC). Some of the subjects from dbGaP study phs003418 are controls in this study. T-Cell Receptor sequencing (TCR-Seq) was also performed on a subset of patients. Individual transcriptomes were analyzed to characterize the cellular profile associated with MC and search for mediators of disease pathology. Raw reads and processed count matrices will be available through dbGaP.

  Study phs003876

• Transcriptomic Profiling after B-Cell Depletion Reveals Central and Peripheral Immune Cell Changes in Multiple Sclerosis

  We investigated the immunological effects of B cell depletion therapy using ocrelizumab in treatment-naïve relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Our primary aim was to delineate transcriptomic alterations in immune cell populations in peripheral blood before and after therapy, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). This study included 18 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve RRMS patients who provided matched pre- and 6-month post-treatment peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A secondary cohort of five patients also contributed paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. All RRMS patients were treated with ocrelizumab, except one patient in the CSF cohort who received rituximab.

  Study phs003938

• Whole genome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and ATAC sequencing of mesothelioma (patient, patient-derived xenograft and cell line)

  Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive pleural tumor with a poor prognosis, and elucidating its molecular mechanisms is essential for improving diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates key genes and pathways involved in tumor progression, with particular attention to the involvement of neutrophils in the tumor ecosystem of mesothelioma. We performed whole-genome sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of one pleural mesothelioma tumor specimen, scRNA-seq of matched patient-derived xenograft tumors, scRNA-seq of mesothelioma-free pleural tissues from three patients, and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) of a patient-derived cell line.

  Study JGAS000859

• A Study to Evaluate Denosumab in Young Patients With Primary Breast Cancer (D-Beyond)

  This is a prospective, single arm phase IIa trial in which patients with early breast cancer will receive pre-operatively two doses of denosumab 120mg subcutaneously one week apart (maximum 12 days) followed by surgery. Tumor, normal breast tissue and blood samples will be collected at baseline and at surgery. Post-operative treatment will be at the discretion of the investigator.Primary objective: to determine if a short course of RANKL inhibition with denosumab can induce a decrease in tumor proliferation rates as determined by Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in newly diagnosed, early stage breast cancer in pre-menopausal women.

  Study EGAS00001003252

• Meisal temporal lobe epilepsy sequencing study

  Our understanding of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is one of the most common forms of drug-resistant epilepsy in humans. Using RNA- and small RNA-sequencing in parallel, we explored differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus and cortex of MTLE patients who had undergone surgical resection and non-epileptic controls. We found significant enrichment for astrocytic and microglial genes amongst up-regulated genes and down-regulation of neuron-specific genes in the hippocampus of MTLE patients. The transcriptome profile of the small RNAs reflected disease state more robustly than mRNAs, even across brain regions which show very little pathology.

  Study EGAS00001003922

• Native_American_Ancient_DNA_sequencing

  The morphology of the first humans in the Americas (Paleoamericans) differs from that of Native Americans, and has raised the question of whether or not there are also differences in origin or genetics. A few populations who survived until relatively recently have been suggested to retain Paleoamerican morphology. One of these populations is from La Jolla. Here, we have generated genome sequence data from four La Jolla individuals in order to investigate these questions This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001802

• Single-cell atlas of penile cancer reveals TP53 mutations as driver for an aggressive phenotype, irrespective of HPV status, and provides clues for treatment personalization

  Our aim was to identify molecular differences in the microenvironment of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) stratified by TP53 loss-of-function (TP53LOF) mutations and HPV-status. Hence, we present a first single-cell transcriptomic atlas of PSCC. Stratification based on TP53 and HPV-status uncovered differences in CSS and underlying molecular pathways. Our data indicate that TP53LOF tumors are characterized by worse biological behavior regardless of HPV-status. These findings and further research are essential for trial design in PSCC, allowing us to move away from the current one-size-fits-all approach.

  Study EGAS50000000217

• Mitochondrial DNA mosaicism in human somatic cells

  Genomic alterations accumulate in the somatic cells throughout an individual’s lifetime. Recent sequencing studies have documented widespread mutations in the nuclear genome and the frequent clonal competition of normal cells carrying mutations. However, the landscape of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy in normal human tissues is poorly understood. This study investigated the whole genome sequences (WGSs) of 2,096 clones established from non-neoplastic healthy single cells obtained from 31 donors. In addition, we analyzed 31 WGSs of neoplastic cells, including 12 clones established from adenomatous polyps from one individual with MUTYH-associated polyposis and 19 matched colorectal carcinomas from individuals who donated normal colorectal clones.

  Study EGAS50000000254

• PTPN22 SNPs and outcome after lung transplantation

  Obstructive chronic lung allograft dysfunction (BOS) is the major limiting factor for lung transplantation (LTx) outcome. PTPN22 is described as the hallmark autoimmunity gene, and one specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2476601, is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, impaired T cell regulation and autoantibody formation. Taking into consideration the contribution of autoimmunity to LTx outcome, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in the PTPN22 gene could be associated with BOS incidence. We selected six SNPs within PTPN22 and analyzed both patient and donor genotypes on BOS development post-LTx. A total of 144 patients and matched donors were included, and individual SNPs and haplotype configurations were analyzed.

  Study EGAS00001003380

• Predicting brain tumor recurrence: development and validation of a DNA-methylation based nomogram in meningioma

  Our work is the first to demonstrate the transformative utility of integrating clinical and molecular factors for use beyond simple classification into the realm of individualized prognostication for any brain tumor. Using our developed and validated tools that are publicly available, clinicians will be able combine clinical and molecular factors to determine an individualized probability of recurrence for patients with meningiomas. This represents a major advance in the field of personalized medicine for neuro-oncology, and the use of this tool can help clinicians overcome one of the most challenging limitations we face when treating patients with meningiomas.

  Study EGAS00001003490

• Mutational landscape of renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus

  Renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus opens the unique opportunity to investigate the clonal evolution of a tumor in two fundamentally different compartments i.e., within the confinement of an organ and inside a large blood vessel. We performed multiregion whole exome sequencing of a total of 37 samples from five consecutive patients (normal tissue, n=5; primary tumors, n=16; tumor thrombi, n=16) to >35-fold target coverage. Four patients had a clear cell RCC, one patient had a poorly differentiated type II papillary RCC (RCC-VTT-04). The latter patient had a friable thrombus, the others were of solid consistency.

  Study EGAS00001001950

• RNA sequencing in primary inflammatory (TPP) macrophages treated with a MEK1/2 inhibitor

  By investigating an intergenic haplotype on chr21q22, independently linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ankylosing spondylitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and Takayasu’s arteritis, we discover that the causal gene, ETS2, is a master regulator of inflammatory responses in human macrophages and delineate how the risk haplotype increases ETS2 expression. Using a database of cellular signatures, we identified drugs that could modulate this pathway. To validate the anti-inflammatory activity of one class of small molecules in vitro, we treated TPP macrophages with vehicle control or a selective, non-ATP competitive MEK inhibitor (PD-0325901) at 2 doses (100nM and 500nM) and performed RNA sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001007552

• BAM files of targeted next-generation DNA sequencing data of 13 chordoid gliomas of the third ventricle

  BAM files of targeted next-generation DNA sequencing data of 13 chordoid gliomas of the third ventricle (2 paired tumor-normal samples and 11 tumor-only samples). Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of tumor tissue from 13 patients with chordoid glioma of the third ventricle using the QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen). Genomic DNA was also extracted from leukocytes in a peripheral blood sample from one of the patients and a non-neoplastic gastric biopsy specimen from one of the patients. Capture-based next-generation DNA sequencing was performed at the University of California, San Francisco Clinical Cancer Genomics Laboratory, using an assay that targets all coding exons of approximately 500 cancer-related genes, select introns of 47 genes, and TERT promoter with a total sequencing footprint of 2.8 Mb (UCSF500 Cancer Panel). Sequencing libraries were prepared from genomic DNA, and target enrichment was performed by hybrid capture using a custom oligonucleotide library (Nimblegen SeqCap EZ Choice). Captured libraries were sequenced as paired-end 100 bp reads on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument. Duplicate sequencing reads were removed computationally to allow for accurate allele frequency determination and copy number calling.

  Dataset EGAD00001003818

• Single Cell Sequencing of Sperm (scSperm)

  The aim of this project is to genotype and sequence single spermatozoa from two men, one in his twenties and the other in his seventies. The resulting data is used to quantify the mutations that have arisen in the gametes of both individuals in order to better understand the effect of aging on mutation rates and modes.Project Outline. In order to quantify mutations, semen from two individuals are sequenced. 48 single sperm cells are isolated from each individual, and their DNA is extracted. The resulting genomes are amplified using PicoPlex, GenomiPhi MDA, Repli-G MDA, and MALBAC. QC step is applied to check the quality of WGA DNA using standard Sequenom plex (26 SNPs). A subset of 32 amplification products which pass the intiall QC, are genotyped using Affymetrix SNP6 chips. 12 of the genotyped amplification products are also sequenced. In addition, one multi-cell sample per individual is sequenced as a reference and for validation purposes.Altogether, 12 single cell sperm genomes and two multi-cell genomes are sequenced, coming to a total of 14 genomes. Of the single cell sperm genomes, 2 are sequenced to 50x coverage, and the other 10 to 25x coverage. Both multi-cell genomes are sequenced to 25x coverage.

  Dataset EGAD00001001216

• Neuroblastoma cell-lines and healthy cfDNA used for the benchmarking study

  This dataset comprises nine neuroblastoma cell lines used to construct the reference matrix for the RRBS-CL dataset in the corresponding benchmarking study. In addition, it includes one extra neuroblastoma cell line and a pooled cfDNA sample from multiple donors, which were used to generate the in silico mixtures. All the samples were profiled using DNA methylation sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD50000002199

• Targeted DNA sequencing on bulk bone marrow and peripheral blood

  Targeted DNA sequencing was performed on 195 bone marrow samples to identify cases of clonal haematopoiesis, and on 99 paired peripheral blood samples. The SeqCap EZ HyperCap protocol was followed, and targeted capture performed against a panel of 97 genes recurrently mutated in myeloid malignancies and clonal hematopoiesis. One BAM file (mapped to the hg38 reference genome) is provided per sample.

  Dataset EGAD00001011083

• Transcriptome Changes in ASD (NRXN1α+/-) iPSC-derived neurons

  This dataset contains 10 fastq files from 10 cell lines (4 cell lines from 3 patients and 6 cell lines from 4 controls) that have undergone 50bp single end sequencing with PolyA enrichment strategy (BGI project number HUMpcsN). *please note one of the samples (Patient_4) was named in error and should be corrected to Patient_3 during analysis

  Dataset EGAD00001007993

• Genome Denmark Phase II - alignments

  Alignment of Genome Denmark Phase II dataset to GRCh38. The dataset consists of 150 Danish individuals (50 trios) sequenced to 80X. The BAM-file contains data from multiple libraries created from one individual with libraries of 180, 500, 800, 2000, 5000, 10000 and 20000 bp. The libraries were created using standard Illumina protocols for paired end reads (180-800bp libraries) and mate pair libraries (2kb-20kb).

  Dataset EGAD00001003157

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one hypodiploid ALL patient (ALLT-351). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and Ribo-Zero Magnetic Kit (Illumina) was utilized in rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002605

• International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril [INVEST] Genes Study

  INternational VErapamil SR-Trandolapril STudy (INVEST) was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-clinical trial that evaluated blood pressure response and adverse outcomes in patients randomized to either an atenolol-based or a verapamil SR-based hypertension treatment strategy in 22,576 patients with documented coronary artery disease and hypertension (PMID: 9809930,14657064). Hydrochlorothiazide and trandolapril were added as needed to achieve BP control or end organ protection in a protocol-defined manner. Briefly, the protocol required patients to be followed up at bassline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks and then every 6 months thereafter until 2 years after the last patient was enrolled. At each visit, patients had BP and heart rate measured, clinical assessment performed, and additional antihypertensive medications added as needed to meet JNC VI blood pressure goals. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal stroke (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00133692). The genetic substudy of INVEST, INVEST-GENES, collected genomic DNA samples from 5,979 INVEST study participants. INVEST-GENES samples were genotyped on the Illumina OmniExpressExome GWAS chip. This data release includes 1529 samples that passed quality control including 657 whites, 537 Hispanics and 155 blacks. Two case-control subsets were created: one for the primary outcome of all-cause death, nonfatal MI or nonfatal stroke; the other one is for new-onset diabetes. Resistant hypertension was also evaluated in 1349 participants based on the medication use and blood pressure measurements at the visit prior to experiencing study outcomes or censoring (PMID:30237584).

  Study phs002319

• Strabismus, CCDD and other anomalies

  Strabismus is one of the most common ophthalmological diseases affecting our population. It has many detrimental effects for affected individuals, including functional visual loss from amblyopia, secondary psychosocial difficulties, and limited employment opportunities. Strabismus also imposes a significant economical burden on society from the cost of screening programs, surgical correction, and lost productivity. Congenital incomitant strabismus is a broad term that encompasses congenital ocular motility disorders with restricted movement in one or more directions of gaze, and includes various forms of Duane's retraction syndrome, horizontal gaze palsy, congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles, and Moebius syndrome. Incomitant strabismus together with a group of related disorders such as congenital ptosis and congenital facial palsy have been collectively redefined as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs). This redefinition stemmed from previous studies in the Engle lab showing that these disorders can be caused by mutations in genes encoding transcription factors critical to ocular cranial motor neuron development and by genes that encode proteins essential to the proper growth and guidance of developing axons. Thus, while these disorders account for only a small percent of strabismus, understanding their genetic etiology has led to our ability to provide genetic testing and counseling, and has provided the first insights into the molecular etiologies of strabismus. While the Engle lab has identified all seven CCDD genes published to date, our cohort still includes >100 familial CCDD pedigrees that are mutation-negative. We continue to utilize co-segregation analysis and whole exome or whole genome sequencing technologies to identify new disease genes in this mutation-negative cohort.

  Study phs000478

• Molecular Evolution of Cancer

  Recently developed methods that utilize partitioning of long genomic DNA fragments, and barcoding of shorter fragments derived from them, have succeeded in retaining long-range information in short sequencing reads. These so-called read cloud approaches represent a powerful, accurate, and cost-effective alternative to single-molecule long-read sequencing. We developed software, GROC-SVs, that takes advantage of read clouds for structural variant detection and assembly. We apply the method to two 10x Genomics data sets, one chromothriptic sarcoma with several spatially separated samples, and one breast cancer cell line, all Illumina-sequenced to high coverage. Comparison to short-fragment data from the same samples, and validation by mate-pair data from a subset of the sarcoma samples, demonstrate substantial improvement in specificity of breakpoint detection compared to short-fragment sequencing, at comparable sensitivity, and vice versa. The embedded long-range information also facilitates sequence assembly of a large fraction of the breakpoints; importantly, consecutive breakpoints that are closer than the average length of the input DNA molecules can be assembled together and their order and arrangement reconstructed, with some events exhibiting remarkable complexity. These features facilitated an analysis of the structural evolution of the sarcoma. In the chromothripsis, rearrangements occurred before copy number amplifications, and using the phylogenetic tree built from point mutation data, we show that single nucleotide variants and structural variants are not correlated. We predict significant future advances in structural variant science using 10x data analyzed with GROC-SVs and other read cloud-specific methods.

  Study phs001255

• Intra-tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution of papillary renal cell carcinoma

  Limited knowledge of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), and clonal evolution of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) and rare kidney tumor subtypes hinders understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic efficacy. We conducted an integrative genomic and epigenomic ITH analysis and studied clonal evolutionary history of pRCC and rare kidney tumor subtypes. We dissected multiple consecutive samples from the center of the tumor towards the tumor's periphery, a normal sample ~5 cm distant from the tumor, and, where feasible, metastatic regions in the adrenal gland. Specifically, we performed 60X multi-region whole-genome sequencing (mWGS), both genome-wide methylation and SNP array profiling, and deep targeted sequencing (average 500X coverage) of 254 cancer driver genes (PMID:24390350). The study population comprises 39 patients with kidney cancers, including 23 with papillary type 1 (pRCC1), 12 with papillary type 2 (pRCC2), one of which also had areas of clear cell, and one each with collecting duct tumor (cdRCC), renal fibrosarcoma rSRC, mixed pRCC1/pRCC2, and an unclassified renal cancer with mixed features of pRCC2 and cdRCC. Based on DNA sample availability, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 124 samples from 29 subjects, deep targeted sequencing on 139 samples from 38 subjects, SNP array genotyping on 101 samples from 38 subjects, and genome-wide methylation profiling on 139 samples from 28 subjects. All assays were performed on tumor, metastasis and normal tissue samples, with the exception of the SNP array genotyping, which was conducted only on tumor samples.

  Study phs001573

• Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics: Exome Sequencing of Orofacial Cleft Families

  Orofacial Clefts (OFCs) are genetically complex structural birth defects caused by genetic factors, environmental exposures, and their interactions. OFCs are the most common craniofacial anomalies in humans. Affect about 1 in 800 newborns, OFCs are also one of the most common structural birth defects worldwide. OFCs can impose a substantial personal cost resulting from the associated emotional and financial burden. On average a child undergoes 6 surgeries, spends 30 days in hospital, receives 5 years of orthodontic treatment, and participates in ongoing speech therapy, leading to an estimated total lifetime treatment cost of about $200,000. Individuals born with an OFC have higher infant mortality (especially in developing countries with limited access to care), higher mortality rates at all other stages of life, increased incidence of mental health problems, and higher risk for other disorders (notably including breast, brain, and colon cancers). Prior genetic studies have focused on the contribution of common genetic variants through genome-wide linkage and association studies. These studies have revealed a significant etiologic heterogeneity. One promising approach to dissect the etiology of OFCs into focus on subclinical phenotypic features present in the non-cleft family members of affected individuals. These subclinical features are subtle phenotypic features that may represent mild manifestations of the same risk genes; thus, their inclusion in family-based studies may clarify the inheritance patterns in OFC families. In this project, we conducted whole exome sequencing in multiplex families with both overt OFCs and subclinical phenotypes to identify high-impact genes causing OFCs.

  Study phs001675

• Bayesian-Based Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Single-Gene Disorders

  In the last decade, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has emerged as an effective procedure for early detection of inherited diseases during pregnancy. This technique is based on using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and fetal cfDNA (cffDNA) in maternal blood, and hence, has minimal risk for the mother and fetus compared with invasive techniques. NIPD is used today for identifying chromosomal abnormalities (in some instances) and for single-gene disorders (SGDs) of paternal origin. However, for SGDs of maternal origin, sensitivity poses a challenge that limits the testing to one genetic disorder at a time. Here we present a Bayesian method for the NIPD of monogenic diseases that is independent of the mode of inheritance and parental origin. Furthermore, we show that accounting for differences in the fragment length distribution of fetal- and maternal-derived cfDNA results in increased accuracy. Our model is the first to predict inherited insertions-deletions (indels). The method described can serve as a general framework for the NIPD of SGDs; this will facilitate easy integration of further improvements. One such improvement that is presented in the current study is a machine learning model that corrects errors based on patterns found in previously processed data. Overall, we show that next generation sequencing (NGS) can be used for the NIPD of a wide range of monogenic diseases, simultaneously. We believe that our study will lead to the achievement of a comprehensive NIPD for monogenic diseases. (Reprinted from Bayesian-based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of single-gene disorders, with permission from Genome Research)

  Study phs001659

• Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Whole Exome Sequencing

  BACKGROUND: Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PPTC) is distinct from adult-onset disease. Despite higher rates of regional and distal metastases and more frequent recurrence, there is, paradoxically, a highly favourable prognosis. Historically, only 40-50% of childhood PTC are driven by genomic variants common to adult PTC, while the oncogenic drivers in the remainder are unknown. METHODS: Fifty-two PPTCs were genotyped by candidate gene testing, followed, in a subset (n=32), by whole exome (WES) and transcriptome sequencing (RNASeq) to identify oncogenic variants in driver-unknown tumors and to explore gene expression patterns. FINDINGS: Thirty-one tumors (60%) carried variants identified by candidate gene testing, specifically: BRAFV600E(22%), NRASQ61R(2%), RET-CCDC6(19%), RET-NCOA4(15%) and PAX8-PPARG. Among the 21 remaining tumors with negative first-line genotyping, oncogenic variants were identified in 19 (90%). These were enriched with oncogenic fusions, with 11 non-recurrent fusion transcripts identified, including two that had not been previously described: STRN-RET and TG-PBF. Most fusions were associated with 3’ receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) moieties: RET, MET, ALK and NTRK3. Gene expression analysis defined three distinct clusters, which demonstrated differing expression of genes involved in thyroid differentiation and MAPK signaling. INTERPRETATION: Exome and transcriptome-wide sequencing identify genomic drivers of PPTC in 98% of tumors, whereas conventional genotyping leaves many tumors genetically unexplained. PPTC is driven, in the majority of cases, by oncogenic fusion transcripts involving one of a limited number of RTKs. These observations have broad implications for diagnostic testing and for therapeutic options in children with advanced disease.

  Study EGAS00001005187

• Next-Generation Sequencing of AV Nodal Reentry Tachycardia patients

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. This arrhythmia affects women twice as frequently as men, and is often diagnosed in patients below 40 years of age. Familial clustering, early onset of symptoms, and lack of structural anomaly indicate involvement of genetic factors in AVNRT pathophysiology. We hypothesized that AVNRT patients have a high prevalence of variants in genes that are highly expressed in the atrioventricular conduction axis of the heart and potentially involved in arrhythmic diseases. Next-generation sequencing of 67 genes was applied to the DNA profile of 298 AVNRT patients and 10 AVNRT family members using HaloPlex Target Enrichment System.In total, we identified 229 variants in 60 genes; 215 missenses, four frame shifts, four codon deletions, three missense and splice sites, two stop-gain variants, and one start-lost variant. Sixty-five of these were not present in the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database. Furthermore, we report two AVNRT families with co-segregating variants. Seventy-five of 284 AVNRT patients (26.4%) and three family members to different AVNRT probands had one or more variants in genes affecting the sodium handling. Fifty-four out of 284 AVNRT patients (19.0%) had variants in genes affecting the calcium handling of the heart. We furthermore find a large proportion of variants in the HCN1-4 genes. We did not detect a significant enrichment of rare variants in the tested genes.This could be an indication that AVNRT might be an electrical arrhythmic disease with abnormal sodium and calcium handling.

  Study EGAS00001002745

• Non-viral precision T cell receptor replacement for personalized cell therapy

  The T cell receptor (TCR) provides the fine specificity of T cells to recognize mutations in cancer cells 1-3. We developed a clinical-grade approach based on CRISPR/Cas9 non-viral precision genome editing to simultaneously knock-out the two endogenous TCR genes, TCRα (TRAC) and TCRβ (TRBC), and insert in the TRAC locus the two chains of a neoantigen-specific TCR (neoTCR), isolated from the patient’s own circulating T cells using a personalized library of soluble predicted neoantigen-HLA capture reagents. Sixteen patients with refractory solid cancers received up to three distinct neoTCR-transgenic cell products, each expressing a patient-specific neoTCR, in a cell dose-escalation, first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial (NCT03970382). One patient had grade 1 cytokine release syndrome, and one grade 3 encephalitis. All had the expected side effects from the lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Five patients had stable disease, and the other 11 had disease progression as best response on therapy. NeoTCR-transgenic T cells were detected in tumour biopsies post-infusion at frequencies higher than the native TCRs pre-infusion. This study demonstrates the feasibility of isolating and cloning multiple TCRs recognizing mutational neoantigens, the simultaneous knock-out of the endogenous TCR and knock-in of the neoTCRs using single-step, non-viral precision genome editing, the manufacturing of neoTCR engineered T cells at clinical grade, the safety of infusing up to three gene edited neoTCR T cell products, and the ability of the transgenic T cells to traffic to the patients’ tumours.

  Study EGAS00001006898

• Single-cell profiling of neoantigen-specific T cells in lung cancers treated with neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade

  This dataset includes 406 samples from non small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1. The Single Cell 5’ V(D)J and 5’ DGE kits (10X Genomics) were used to capture immune repertoire information and gene expression from the same cell in an emulsion-based protocol at the single cell level. Libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq instrument using 2x150bp paired end sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001007728

• WGS data of pediatric T-ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set1)

  The dataset includes FASTQ and BAM files from diagnostic and matched remission (control) samples of one T-ALL patient (ALLT-317). Relapsed (BM ALLT-317L and Tonsil ALLT-3107L) sample files are in dataset set2 of this submission. Sequencing library was made using PCR free-based WGS library preparation (PCR-), using TruSeq DNA PCRfree library preparation kit v1 (PE150). Both diagnostic (60x) and remission (30x) samples were sequenced using HiSeq X.

  Dataset EGAD50000002013

• This dataset includes FASTQ for single-nucleus RNA-seq of normal controls, and multiple system atrophy (MSA) or Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

  The dataset includes more than 130k nuclei isolated using 10x Genomics Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 3' Reagent Kits v3.1. In total, 30 samples are included from 10 controls, 8 MSA (including one sample that was omitted during QC), or 12 PD patients. Samples were sequenced on Illumina Novaseq 6000 or NextSeq 550 instruments.

  Dataset EGAD50000002041

• 10X single-cell Multiome (RNA+ATAC) of bone marrow-derived HSPC

  10X genomics chromium single-cell ATAC+RNA (Multiome) was use to prepare single-nucleus RNA- and ATAC-seq libraries, sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. BAM files are provided. Samples from 6 donors were sequenced after sorting for primitive HSPCs in 5 libraries; each library comprises a single donor, except one with cells from 1 male and 1 female donor.

  Dataset EGAD50000002326

• WES_dataset1

  Fourteen MEITLs and one EATL previously had been sequenced using the SureSelectXT Target Enrichment System (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).

  Dataset EGAD50000001620

• Shallow whole genome sequencing DETECT samples

  Shallow whole genome sequencing of samples from the paper Beddowes et al. A large-scale retrospective study in metastatic breast cancer patients using circulating tumour DNA and machine learning to predict treatment outcome and progression-free survival. Mol. One 2025. This includes 1048 longitudinal plasma samples from 149 patients and 35 normals. Samples were sequenced with shallow whole genome sequencing for copy number estimation. All the files are single-end fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD50000001333

• Whole Exome Sequencing of Human Gastro-esophageal Cancer PDXs

  The dataset includes 51 whole exome sequencing datasets generated using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. These data derive from 26 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors and their matched normal tissues, which consist of either normal gastric mucosa or blood samples. In one case (GTR0607), the matched normal tissue data are unavailable. As a result, the dataset comprises 102 FASTQ files, providing raw sequencing reads for comprehensive genomic analysis.

  Dataset EGAD50000001407

• A first step towards clinical routine long-read sequencing in Sweden, a national pilot study on chromosomal rearrangements

  PacBio HiFi Revio WGS data from 16 individuals sequenced in the Genomic Medicine Sweden (GMS) Long read project. Each individual was sequenced on one PacBio Revio SMRT cell. The DNA was extracted from blood. The HiFi data was aligned to GRCh38 using minimap2 or the SMRT-link software.

  Dataset EGAD50000000676

• IMPRESS_all

  Dataset containing tumor, normal and blood sample data, for various tissue and tumor types. Data is targeted methylation data, using smMIP probes to target informative CpG sites in the genome. Sample type can be inferred from the name, with 'W' being normal samples and 'TC' tumor samples. Dataset contains 259 samples in duplicate, with one half of the runs being cut by MSRE's, and the other not. For every sample paired fastq files are present.

  Dataset EGAD50000000882

• iPSC and iPSC derived pericytes

  Bulk RNA sequencing of iPSCs and iPSC derived pericytes from three cell lines MNZTASi019-A, MNZTASi021-A and MNZTASi022-A. Data includes one iPSC data set per cell line and iPSC derived pericyte differentiations per cell line (3 differentiations from MNZTASi019-A and MNZTASi021-A, 2 from MNZTASi022-A). RNA-seq data was generated using an Illumina Stranded mRNA 150bp paired-end library preparation.

  Dataset EGAD50000000255

• paired-end FASTQ files from the study: Identification of the cause of juvenile parkinsonism in a case_SYNJ1

  The dataset consists of three samples: two controls and one case of juvenile Parkinsonism. Whole Exome Sequencing (WXS) was performed on these samples using hybrid selection for library preparation. Sequencing was carried out on the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. For each sample, two FASTQ files containing paired-end reads (R1 and R2) were generated. The data deposited consists of the corresponding FASTQ files.

  Dataset EGAD50000000413

• SNP array

  The whole study comprises of two patient cohorts. Screening cohort: 40 patients of Germany; validation cohort: 40 patients from Asia. Further, bile duct and CCA cell lines have been analyzed.
This dataset contains SNP array data for tumor/normal pairs for a subset of 36 patients from the screening cohort plus an additional relapse tumor of one of those 36 patients. Data was generated on a OmniExpress-24 v1.1 Bead Array (Illumina) and is stored in IDAT file format.

  Dataset EGAD00010002597

• Whole exome sequencing (WES)

  The whole study comprises of two patient cohorts. Screening cohort: 40 patients of Germany; validation cohort: 40 patients from Asia. Further, bile duct and CCA cell lines have been analyzed. This dataset contains whole exome sequencing data of 37 tumor/normal pairs from the screening cohort plus an additional relapse tumor of one of those 37 patients. Data was generated on Illumina HiSeq 2000 device in paired-end mode and is stored in BAM file format.

  Dataset EGAD00001011324

• WGS of off-target analysis of base editing in organoids

  Seven clonal organoid lines and one bulk wild-type control sample were paired-end whole-genome sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 system. We sequenced four clonal intestinal organoid lines harbouring engineered TP53 and FBXW7 mutations as well as three lines targeted for oncogenic APC/TP53/PIK3CA/SMAD4 mutations. The reads were mapped to hg38 genome assembly and data is provided as BAM files.

  Dataset EGAD00001009827

• Single-cell RNA-seq of patient-derived organoids across three generations

  Single-cell RNA-seq of first-, second-, and third-generation patient-derived organoids. Obtained using the 10X Genomics single-cell 3' expression solution (v3 chemistry). First- and second-generation PDOs from one patient and first-, second-, and third-generation PDOs from three additional patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001008431

• WGS data subfolder HF3J5CCXY from multifocal ileal NETs study

  This dataset includes linked-read whole-genome sequencing data (subfolder HF3J5CCXY) for multifocal ileal tumor samples from one patient. Samples were sequenced using the 10x Genomics linked-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approach.

  Dataset EGAD00001008493

• Whole transcriptome and 97 antibodies of one healthy bone marrow

  Whole transcriptome sequencing using BD Rhapsody with 97 antibodies of a healthy young adult bone marrow (Young3/BM3) mononuclear cells from iliac crest aspirations. Please note raw and integrated gene expression data, cell type annotation, metadata and dimensionality reduction are available as Seurat v3 objects through figshare. Access links is https://figshare.com/s/901bcddb9ee18e226031.

  Dataset EGAD00001008186

• Whole genomes sequencing BAM files (blood and lung brushings) of COPD cases and controls (EvA)

  Dataset of 27 whole genome sequencing files (BAM), which cover 12 individuals out of which four suffer from COPD. From 9 individuals, there are sequencing data from blood and from lung brushings at one single site available, from another 3 there is additionally a lung brushing sequencing file from a second site available. Comparison of blood with lung brushings allows the calling of somatic mutations within a tissue.

  Dataset EGAD00001004535

• Circular RNA characterization in functionally distinct brain regions

  RNA extracted from middle temporal gyrus (MG) brain region of healthy elderly controls. Three pairs of samples were generated, each pair consisting of one sample that was enriched for circular RNAs using RNase R, and a second sample that was not enriched (total N=6). Remaining samples in the study from other functionally distinct brain regions are currently under process and will be released soon.

  Dataset EGAD00001004211

• Bajau and Saluan adaptation study data

  This dataset includes whole genome sequencing data from 93 Bajau and Saluan individuals that were used in the Ilardo et al 2018 study on adaptation to diving in Sea Nomads. Sequencing libraries were built using the TruSeq Nano DNA Library Preparation Kit on an Illumina NeoPrep instrument. Each pool was sequenced 125 Paired-End over one or two lanes on the Illumina HiSeq2500 (version 4 chemistry). Samples were sequenced to an average depth of 5x.

  Dataset EGAD00001004207

• Single-cell Multi-omics Sequencing of Human Early Embryos

  The whole blood of six female volunteers and sperm from one male volunteer were used to extract genomic DNA using a DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (QIAGEN). 500 ng gDNA was fragmented into 300 bp by Covaris. Then, the libraries were constructed using a KAPA Hyper Prep Kit (Kapa Biosystems). In total we have 7 samples and the files we uploaded are pair-end fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD00001004108

• 71 Whole-exome sequencing of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Chinese Patients

  Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. We performed 71 Whole-exome sequencing of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Chinese Patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001001926

• RNA-sequencing of six Pilocytic astrocytoma tumors

  Total stranded TruSeq RNA sequencing by Illumina of six tumor samples from six cases of pediatric Pilocytic astrocytoma. The data is published in the following paper: Tomic TT, Olausson J, Wilzen A, Sabel M, Truve K, Sjogren H, Dosa S, Tisell M, Lannering B, Enlund F, Martinsson T, Aman P, Abel F. A new GTF2I-BRAF fusion mediating MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 27;12(4):e0175638.

  Dataset EGAD00001003143

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric TCF3::PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 1)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one TCF3::PBX1 ALL patient (ALLT-335). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and Globin-Zero Gold rRNA Removal Kit (Illumina) was utilized for rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002577

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric TCF3::PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 2)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one TCF3::PBX1 ALL patient (ALLT-376). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep (Illumina) kit was utilized for rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002578

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric BCR::ABL1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 1)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one BCR::ABL1 ALL patient (ALLT-343). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and Globin-Zero Gold rRNA Removal Kit (Illumina) was utilized for rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002579

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric BCR::ABL1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 2)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one BCR::ABL1 ALL patient (ALLT-399). TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep (Illumina) kit was used in library preparation, and Novogene's internal method was utilized in rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq X Plus, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002580

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 3)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one KMT2A-r ALL patient (ALLT-375). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep (Illumina) kit was utilized for rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002581

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 2)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one KMT2A-r ALL patient (ALLT-355). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and Ribo-Zero Magnetic Kit (Illumina) was utilized in rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002583

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric ETV6::RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 3)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one ETV6::RUNX1 ALL patient (ALLT-397). TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep (Illumina) kit was used in library preparation, and Novogene's internal method was utilized in rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq X Plus, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002587

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric ETV6::RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 1)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a relapse sample of one ETV6::RUNX1 ALL patient (ALLT-341). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and Globin-Zero Gold rRNA Removal Kit (Illumina) was utilized for rRNA removal. The relapse sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002588

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric ETV6::RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 5)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one ETV6::RUNX1 ALL patient (ALLT-380). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep (Illumina) kit was utilized for rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002591

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 2)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one hyperdiploid ALL patient (ALLT-356). NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs) was used in library preparation, and Ribo-Zero Magnetic Kit (Illumina) was utilized in rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002593

• RNA sequencing data of pediatric B-other acute lymphoblastic leukemia (set 5)

  The dataset includes RNA sequencing FASTQ files from a diagnostic tumor sample of one B-other ALL patient (ALLT-396). TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep (Illumina) kit was used in library preparation, and Novogene's internal method was utilized in rRNA removal. The diagnostic tumor sample was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq X Plus, and the target sequencing depth was 21 Gb.

  Dataset EGAD50000002601

• Alcohol Dependence GWAS in European- and African Americans

  This study includes SSADDA (Semi Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism) assessed subjects (mostly unrelated, but including some affected sibling pairs) recruited in the course of several substance dependence genetics projects. The sample includes 1889 African-American (AA) subjects and 1020 European-American (EA) subjects. Among the AAs, 1397 meet DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence and 491 are controls. Among the EAs, 1010 meet the criteria for alcohol dependence and 9 are controls. (One in each population meets criteria for alcohol abuse and not dependence, and is therefore counted in neither category.) Although alcohol dependence is the major focus, the sample is informative also for cocaine, nicotine, and opioid dependence.

  Study phs000425

• Gene-Environment Interactions in COCCaINE Use Disorder: Collaborative Case-Control Initiative in Cocaine Addiction

  Drug addiction is a phenotype that has high heritability estimates. In recent years, association studies of candidate genes and some genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of SNPs associated with substance use, abuse or dependence, particularly in phenotypes related to alcohol and nicotine use. Regarding snorted or smoked cocaine dependency, only one GWAS has been conducted so far. In addition, genetic association studies that specifically evaluated smoked cocaine dependence (e.g. crack) are rare, because of characteristics related to the route of administration and duration of the effect of the drug. Thus, the main aim of this GWAS was to identify genetic variations that modulate the risk for the cocaine dependence.

  Study phs001810

• The Genomics of Pilocytic Astrocytoma Formation in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

  Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) inherited cancer predisposition syndrome is one of the most common autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndromes in which affected individuals develop brain tumors. These low-grade glial neoplasms (pilocytic astrocytomas) typically arise in children younger than 7 years of age and are hypothesized to result from a combination of germline and acquired somatic NF1 tumor suppressor gene mutations. In this study, whole genome sequence analysis was performed on three NF1-associated pilocytic astrocytoma tumors (NF1-PA) and matched normal blood samples to establish the genomic landscape of NF1-PA. These data support the existence of multiple distinct mechanisms (mutation, LOH, and methylation) underlying somatic NF1 inactivation in NF1-PA tumors.

  Study phs000563

• NHLBI TOPMed: Rare Variants for Hypertension in Taiwan Chinese (THRV)

  The THRV-TOPMed study consists of three cohorts: The SAPPHIRe Family cohort (N=1,271), TSGH (Tri-Service General Hospital, a hospital-based cohort, N=160), and TCVGH (Taichung Veterans General Hospital, another hospital-based cohort, N=922), all based in Taiwan. 1,271 subjects were previously recruited as part of the NHLBI-sponsored SAPPHIRe Network (which is part of the Family Blood Pressure Program, FBPP). The SAPPHIRe families were recruited to have two or more hypertensive sibs, some families also with one normotensive/hypotensive sib. The two Hospital-based cohorts (TSGH and TCVGH) both recruited unrelated subjects with different recruitment criteria (matched with SAPPHIRe subjects for age, sex, and BMI category).

  Study phs001387

• Phenotyping and Therapeutic Approaches for Patients with Sellar/Suprasellar Disorders

  The goal of the study is to phenotype and genotype patients with rare hypothalamic and pituitary disorders and identify biomarkers of disease diagnosis, presentation, and progression. We are investigating genetic mechanisms of pituitary tumorigenesis as well as genomic/transcriptomic markers of disease presentation and severity. Patients with suspected or confirmed hypothalamic and/or pituitary disorders and their family members are recruited. Biospecimens including peripheral blood, urine, tumor tissue (as available), and/or stool are collected. Genetic analysis may include a variety of techniques including peripheral blood or tumor tissue targeted Sanger sequencing of one or few genes, peripheral blood or tumor tissue whole exome sequencing, and other as applicable.

  Study phs003245

• Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC): Case-only RNA-Seq Study

  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 82 T1D cases from the T1DGC study were fractionated by positive selection on magnetic beads into CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. RNA purification, library preparation and sequencing to an average of 50 million reads per sample were performed by the HudsonAlpha Genome Services Laboratory. The resulting dataset includes 82 subjects with data from at least one cell type; sequence data from all 3 cell types is available from 79 subjects. The individuals in this study can be linked to the phs000911 T1DGC ImmunoChip study via subject ids to obtain both genotypic and phenotypic information, including genotypes used for expression quantitative trait locus analysis.

  Study phs001426

• Epigenetic Analysis of Malnutrition

  The PROVIDE study (Dhaka, Bangladesh) is a randomized clinical trial platform which evaluated the efficacy of delayed-dose oral rotavirus vaccine as well as the benefit of an injectable polio vaccine replacing one dose of oral polio vaccine. This rigorous infrastructure supported the additional examination of hypotheses of vaccine underperformance. Primary and secondary efficacy and immunogenicity measures for rotavirus and polio vaccines were measured, as well as the impact of maternal and childhood malnutrition, environmental enteropathy, and additional exploratory variables. This study has been conducted to test the role of epigenetics in malnutrition, specifically the genome-wide role of histone modifications, which are known to provide a precise signature of metabolic state and immune system function.

  Study phs001073

• CADD/GADD centers on Antisocial Drug Dependence

  CADD (Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence): Funded through NIDA 011015 to study genetic influences on, and treatment of, antisocial drug dependence, studying both clinical probands and their families, and community samples of matched controls, twins, and participants in an ongoing longitudinal adoption study. A collaboration between three organizations at two campuses of the University of Colorado. Longitudinal with three waves of data collection completed. GADD (Genetics of Adolescent Antisocial Drug Dependence): Funded originally through NIDA 012845, s multisite collaboration including adolescent subjects at high-risk for antisocial drug dependence and their siblings, recruited in Denver, CO and San Diego, CA. Longitudinal with two waves of data collection completed, one in progress as of May, 2018.

  Study phs001841

• Sequence Analysis of Mutations and Translocations Across Breast Cancer Subtypes

  This study combined whole exome (103 samples) and whole genome (22 samples) sequencing over a total of 108 breast tumors and matched normal DNA to identify novel mutations and translocations. Samples were subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing with goal of 30x coverage of tumor/normal for whole genomes and 100x tumor/normal coverage for whole exomes. From these sequences, we used various computational techniques to identify somatic point mutations, insertion/deletions and structural rearrangements in these tumors. From these data, we identified new insights into the rates of background mutations in these cancers, novel recurrent mutated genes, and multiple gene rearrangements. One of these rearrangements appears to be a recurrent event in breast cancer.

  Study phs000369

• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Amish Mennonite Bipolar Genetics Study (AmBiGen)

  Bipolar affective disorder is a severe, heritable condition affecting about one percent of the population. The mode of inheritance is poorly understood and probably involves multiple loci of small to moderate effect. In this project, we use genetic mapping and sequencing methods to identify genetic markers and variations that contribute to the risk of bipolar disorder. Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder are studied, along with their relatives. Phenotypic information obtained from clinical interviews and family history is correlated with genotypic information obtained from genetic marker and sequencing methods. The goal is to identify genes involved in bipolar disorder and related conditions so that better methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention can be developed.

  Study phs000899

• Grady Trauma Project (GTP)

  Not everyone exposed to traumatic experience develops Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Genetic background is one of the predisposing risk factors causing differential outcomes of trauma exposure. A primary goal of the Grady Trauma Project (GTP) is to pinpoint and understand genetic polymorphisms that contribute to development of PTSD. Both PTSD diagnosis binary labels and PTSD severity scores are studied as target phenotypes. Also, both candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies are performed. Besides genetic variants, other measurements that are studied as risk factors for PTSD include lifetime history of trauma and peri-traumatic response. Study participants are primarily African American, trauma-exposed populations of low socioeconomic status recruited from Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta.

  Study phs002046

• Insights into BRCA1 and TP53 associated breast cancer development from integrated whole genome analysis of mouse model mammary tumors

  Germline mutations in BRCA1 are a leading cause of hereditary breast cancer. We generated Brca1;Trp53 double conditional knockout (CKO) and Trp53 single CKO mouse models, both with either one or two copies of Trp53 deleted by Cre. We used whole-genome sequencing and optical genome mapping to interrogate the genomes of the resulting mammary tumors. Our comprehensive genomic analyses show that the Brca1;Trp53-CKO tumors recapitulate major genomic features of the human BRCA1 breast samples indicative of conserved fundamental mutational processes. This study also provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms of tumor development with potential implications for the treatment of BRCA1 cancers.

  Study EGAS50000001402

• Impact of cryopreservation on transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  To investigate the effect of cryopreservation on PBMCs, we conducted an experiment using samples from three healthy donors under four conditions: fresh PBMCs, PBMCs subjected to a single freeze–thaw cycle, PBMCs refrozen in freezing mix, and PBMCs refrozen in TRIzol. This resulted in a total of 12 samples (three replicates per condition). RNA was extracted from all PBMC samples using the Qiagen miRNeasy Mini Kit, followed by polyA RNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Blood was collected from one male and two female adult donors. Sequencing yielded high-quality data, with an average of 27.8 million reads per sample and over 94% of bases exceeding a Q30 quality score.

  Study EGAS50000001196

• Illumina HiSeqX and HiSeq 2000 whole genome sequence data on 3,001 ALS samples including 212 with known C9orf72 repeat expansions

  Whole genome sequence (WGS) data was generated on 3,001 samples previously quantified for the presence of the C9orf72 repeat expansion (212 expanded and 2,789 wild type), These samples were sequenced using a combination of 2x100bp reads on an Illumina HiSeq2000 and 2x150bp reads on an Illumina HiSeqX sequencer. The repeat expansions were called using ExpansionHunter to demonstrate the ability to call large repeats from high throughput, WGS data. Provided here are all read pairs where at least one of the reads aligns within 1kb of the C9orf72 repeat expansion in addition to reads aligned in pre-determined off target locations where the aligners are known to mis-align reads.

  Study EGAS00001002598

• HTAS of CD34+ HSPCs in relation to evaluating gene editing outcomes for CGD-causing variants in CYBA and CYBB

  High-throughput amplicon sequencing were performed on CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from 4 healthy donors and one unaffected heterozygous carrier of a CYBB c.252G>A variant causing X-linked granulomatous disease. Targeted genome editing were performed in the HSPCs of CYBA and CYBB genes using CRISPR-Cas9 and recombinant AAV6. To assess gene editing outcomes in CD34+ HSPCs, the targeted loci were amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced with 150-bp paired-end reads on an Illumina iSeq 100 or MiniSeq. Editing rates were determined with CRISPResso2 in HDR mode using standard parameters. The dataaset here contains paired raw fastq files of each sample.

  Study EGAS50000001155

• ProjectMinE :llumina HiSeqX and HiSeq 2000 whole genome sequence data on 3,001 ALS samples including 212 with known C9orf72 repeat expansions

  Whole genome sequence (WGS) data was generated on 3,001 samples previously quantified for the presence of the C9orf72 repeat expansion (212 expanded and 2,789 wild type), These samples were sequenced using a combination of 2x100bp reads on an Illumina HiSeq2000 and 2x150bp reads on an Illumina HiSeqX sequencer. The repeat expansions were called using ExpansionHunter to demonstrate the ability to call large repeats from high throughput, WGS data. Provided here are all read pairs where at least one of the reads aligns within 1kb of the C9orf72 repeat expansion in addition to reads aligned in pre-determined off target locations where the aligners are known to mis-align reads.

  Study EGAS00001003383

• HiDEF-seq single-molecule sequencing of single-strand mismatches and damage

  Our study sought to resolve, with single-molecule fidelity, the mismatches and damage events that precede DNA mutations. Using a novel single-molecule, long-read sequencing method (HiDEF-seq) we detect base substitutions when present in either one or both DNA strands. We also detect cytosine deamination, a common type of DNA damage, with single-molecule fidelity. This study profiled 134 samples from diverse tissues, including from individuals with cancer predisposition syndromes. These samples revealed single-strand mismatch and damage signatures. Since double-strand DNA mutations are only the endpoint of the mutation process, our approach enables new studies of how mutations arise in a variety of contexts, especially in cancer and aging.

  Study EGAS50000000318

• ROBUST (NCT02285062)

  The ROBUST clinical trial is a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study designed to compare the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide plus R-CHOP chemotherapy (R2-CHOP) versus placebo plus R-CHOP in newly diagnosed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Molecular data was collected for all patients at screening, but the only patients of the Activated B-cell (ABC) cell-of-origin subtype were eligible for study inclusion and clinical follow-up. We have performed unsupervised clustering on this cohort and identified 7 novel transcriptional subtypes of DLBCL, one of which represents a high-risk subset of patients with high MYC expression, ABC-associated biology, and low immune infiltration.

  Study EGAS50000000333

• Multi-omic analysis of SDHB-related PCPG

  Hereditary SDHB-mutant pheochromocytomas (PC) and paragangliomas (PG) are rare tumours with a high propensity to metastasize although their clinical behaviour is unpredictable. To characterize the genomic landscape of these tumours and identify metastasis biomarkers, we performed multi-omic analysis on 94 tumours from 79 patients using six molecular methods including: whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of tumour and matched blood (n=94), whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) (n=91), small-RNA seq (n=90), DNA methylation profiling (n=93). Droplet-based (10x) single nuclei (sn)RNA-seq and snATAC-seq was applied to 9 and 7 cases, respectively. Additionally snATAC-seq was applied to one sample of normal adrenal medulla.

  Study EGAS50000000346

• A Genomics-Driven Artificial Intelligence-Based Model Classifies Breast Invasive Lobular Carcinoma and Discovers CDH1 Inactivating Mechanisms

  We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-model applied to histological images using CDH1 biallelic mutations, pathognomonic for breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), as ground truth. We evaluated the performance of the AI-model to predict the presence of CDH1 biallelic mutations and to diagnose ILC. Subsequently, we investigated the molecular underpinning cases of predicted by the model to harbor a CDH1 biallelic mutations but lacking these alterations according to targeted sequencing. Among this analyses, we subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) one ILC case lacking CDH1 biallelic mutations by targeted sequencing and lacking CDH1 promoter methylation to determine the molecular basis of its lobular phenotype.

  Study EGAS50000000485

• Genome-wide evaluation of the maturation of the immune response to the tuberculin skin test from day 2 to day 7

  The tuberculin skin test (TST) is a standardised human challenge model to evaluate the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens in vivo. To study the temporal evolution of the TST, we recruited healthy volunteers with evidence of peripheral blood Mtb reactive T cells, to undergo a TST in each arm that was sampled on day 2 at one site and on day 7 at the contralateral site on day 7. Genome-wide TST transcriptomes at day 2 and day 7 were defined by differential gene expression compared to transcriptomes from the site of control saline injections performed in a separate subset of volunteers.

  Study EGAS50000000822

• RNA sequencing of undifferentiated sarcomas

  Undifferentiated sarcomas (USARCs) of adults are diverse, rare, and aggressive soft tissue cancers. Recent sequencing efforts have confirmed that USARCs exhibit one of the highest burdens of structural aberrations across human cancer. Here, we sought to unravel the molecular basis of the structural complexity in USARCs by integrating DNA sequencing, ploidy analysis, gene expression, and methylation profiling. We identified whole genome duplication as a prevalent and pernicious force in USARC tumorigenesis. Using mathematical deconvolution strategies to unravel the complex copy-number profiles and mutational timing models we infer distinct evolutionary pathways of these rare cancers. In addition, 15% of tumors exhibited raised mutational burdens that correlated with gene expression signatures of immune infiltration, and good prognosis.

  Study EGAS00001003291

• A Single-Cell and Spatial Atlas of Early Human Olfactory Development

  The human nasal region is a complex structure derived from neural crest and placodal lineages, but its development remains poorly understood due to limited fetal tissue access and its intricate architecture. To address this, we created a single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomic atlas of the human fetal nasal region using tissue from 10 fetuses between 7 and 12 post-conceptional weeks. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) revealed 34 distinct cell types, including epithelial, cartilaginous, immune, neuronal, glial, muscular, and vascular cells. By integrating snRNA-seq with multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH), we tracked dynamic changes in cell composition and gene expression over time in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and surrounding nasal regions. We identified novel markers of olfactory sensory neuron development and key pathways regulating epithelial patterning and OE morphogenesis. Notably, we observed early molecular signatures consistent with the "one neuron-one receptor" model, with spatially organized expression of 171 olfactory receptor genes. Together, this study presents the first integrated molecular and spatial framework of early human nasal development. It offers an unprecedented molecular blueprint of olfactory system formation and serves as a foundational resource for embryologists and developmental biologists studying sensory neurogenesis, epithelial patterning, and congenital disorders.

  Dataset EGAD50000001712

• scRNA-seq of HSPC treated with gemcitabine and carboplatin

  4 samples of 2000000 HSPCs in 2 ml media each were then prepared and treated for 24 hours: carboplatin-high: 150 µg/ml carboplatin carboplatin-low: 18.75 µg/ml carboplatin gemcitabine: 25 ng/ml gemcitabine control: no drug Single-cells were subsequently extracted using the ddSEQ™ Single-Cell Isolator (Bio-Rad) and later sequenced using the SureCell™ Whole Transcriptome Analysis 3' Library Prep Kit (Illumina) on the NextSeq 500 System (Illumina) using the NextSeq 500/550 High Output Kit v2.5 150 Cycles (Illumina) all following the manufacturer's instructions. The raw FASTQ-files are available as read 1 and read 2 files from 4 lanes for each sample giving a total of 16 FASTQ-files. The FASTQ-files were also processed following the ddSeeker (Romagnoli, D., et al., BMC Genomics 2018, doi:10.1186/s12864-018-5249-x) and Drop-seq (Macosko, E.Z., et al., Cell 2015, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.002) protocols for processing scRNA-seq data to yield the final digital gene expression (dge) for each cell of each sample. This has resulted in one dge text file and one dge summary text file per sample. These 8 text-files with dge data are found in the zip-compressed analysis data-file.

  Dataset EGAD00001006080

• Sporadic ALS Australia Systems Genomics Consortium (SALSA-SGC)

  In 2016 we established the Sporadic ALS Australia Systems Genomics Consortium (SALSA-SGC) funded by the Ice Bucket Challenge Grant administered by the Motor Neurone Disease Research Institute of Australia. The goals of the SALSA-SGC are to collect biological samples from clinics across Australia with matched in depth clinical and self-report phenotypes and to generate multiple levels of genetic and genomic data. In this first data generation exercise of the SALSA-SGC the majority of the samples were collected prior to the formal establishment of SALSA-SGC from clinics across Australia.Briefly, the cohort includes the University of Sydney’s Australian Motor Neuron Disease DNA Bank (MND Bank) cohort recruited April 2000 to June 2011), with study protocol approved by the Sydney South West Area Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). Cases were recruited from around Australia via state-based MND associations with diagnosis verified by a neurologist. The remainder of the cases were recruited from clinics across Australia between 2015 and 2017 under HREC approvals from Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Macquarie University Multidisciplinary Motor Neurone Disease Clinic,  Calvary Health Care Bethlehem in Melbourne , Fiona Stanley Hospital in Perth, and from 2016 under HREC approvals at each site for the sporadic ALS Australia Systems Genomics Consortium (SALSA-SGC). The ALS cases were diagnosed with definite or probable ALS according to the revised El Escorial criteria. Some controls were recruited as either partners or friends of patients, healthy individuals free of neuromuscular diseases. We are providing GWAS and MWAS data in this dataset. Individual level GWAS data were generated using Illumina Infinium CoreExome-24 version 1.1 chips for N= 846 cases and N=665 controls. Individual MWAS data was generated using the Illumina Human methylation 450K array for N=782 cases and N=613 controls. There 1315 individuals where GWAS and MWAS data has been generated and is available. Further information on these data sets can be found: Paper 1: Restuadi, R, Garton, FC, Benyamin, B, Lin, T, et al. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetic Correlation with Cognitive Performance, educational attainment and schizophrenia: evidence from polygenic risk score analysis. (submitted) Paper 2: Nabais, MF, Lin, T, Benyamin, B et al. Significant out-of-sample classification from methylation profile scoring for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 2020. NPJ genomic medicine. 5(10). Files provided in this submission include: GWAS: This folder contains QCed genotype for the Australian ALS case-control cohort. Contains PLINK files for genotyping data (not imputed yet). The individuals selected here have: good consistency on phenotype data ethics approval registered as part of sporadic ALS studies unrelated by GRM cut-off 0.05 No ancestry QC yet MWAS: This folder contains the IDAT and post-QC normalized DNAm (beta) for the Australian ALS case-control cohort. 2019_AUS_ALS_PCTG_DNAm.tar.gz - IDATS for 1315 individuals analyzed in the MWAS study normalized_beta_values - Binary files (created with the OSCA software) containing information on the individuals, probes and the DNAm (beta) values obtained after QC phenotype_file - contains all the covariates analysed in the MWAS including: case-control status, coded 0 = Control and 1 = ALS, predicted age, predicted cell-type proportions, predicted smoking scores, slide and chip position and sex Important Notes: The DNAm data were normalized together with samples that were not part of this ALS case/control study and thus, the normalization procedure may not be 100% reproducible using only the IDAT files uploaded here. Summary data has been made publicly available and can be accessed directly: Data collection and sample processing were performed at several clinics across Australia. Genotyping and DNA methylation arrays were performed by the Human Studies Unit, at the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (University of Queensland). Quality control of the genotypic, phenotypic and DNA methylation data was done by the Program of Complex Traits Genomics, at the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (University of Queensland).

  Study phs002068

• Somatic mutation burden and copy-number variation analysis in neurofibromatosis type 1-associated plexiform neurofibromas

  Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common tumor-predisposition disorder due to germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene NF1. A virtually pathognomonic finding of NF1 is the plexiform neurofibroma (PN), a benign, likely congenital tumor that arises from biallelic inactivation of NF1. PN can undergo transformation to a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, an aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma. To better understand the non-NF1 genetic contributions to PN pathogenesis, we performed whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide copy-number determination for 23 low-passage Schwann cell cultures established from surgical PN material with matching germline DNA. All resected tumors were derived from routine debulking surgeries. None of the tumors were considered at risk for malignant transformation at the time, e.g., there was no pain or rapid growth. Deep (~500X) NF1 exon sequencing was also conducted on tumor DNA. Non-NF1 somatic mutation verification was performed using the Ampliseq/IonTorrent platform. We identified 100% of the germline NF1 mutations and found somatic NF1 inactivation in 74% of the PN. One individual with three PNs had different NF1 somatic mutations in each tumor. The median number of somatic mutations per sample, including NF1, was one (range 0 - 8). NF1 was the only gene that was recurrently somatically inactivated in multiple tumors. We found no recurrent non-NF1 locus copy-number variation in PN. This is the first multi-sample whole-exome sequencing study of NF1-associated PN. Taken together with concurrent copy-number data, our comprehensive genetic analysis reveals the primacy of NF1 loss as the driver of PN tumorigenesis.

  Study phs001403

• Genetics of Neuropsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

  Although schizophrenia is a highly heritable disease, relatively little progress had been made in securely identifying the genetic causes of this disorder, and most instances of schizophrenia in the general population remain unexplained. One avenue of explanation for the genetic basis of schizophrenia, however, has been effectively closed by recent research. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have now shown that common variation makes at most a modest contribution to the risk of schizophrenia. At the same time that the role of common variation has been circumscribed by GWAS, however, the analysis of copy number variants that are detectable on a genome-wide scale has revealed and replicated a number of very rare variants that associate with schizophrenia. These rare copy number variants that have been implicated in schizophrenia, however, have one striking feature in common: they are all risk factors for other brain related disorders beyond schizophrenia such as mental retardation, autism and epilepsy. These findings argue that genetic risk factors may confer a highly penetrant vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorder, which is then further modified by interacting genetic or environmental factors to determine the ultimate manifestation. Most schizophrenia collections that are being studied today, however, have been selected precisely for their homogeneity: including only schizophrenia patients with no comorbidities, or schizophrenia patients with relatives who have schizophrenia but no other neuropsychiatric conditions. These selection criteria are inconsistent with what we now know about the bulk of the genetic differences that have been associated with disease. The central hypothesis of this project is that there are rare genetic variants that strongly elevate the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases, and that these risk factors can be identified most readily in families segregating multiple neuropsychiatric conditions.

  Study phs000682

• NHLBI TOPMed: Genetics of Cardiometabolic Health in the Amish

  The Amish Complex Disease Research Program includes a set of large community-based studies focused largely on cardiometabolic health carried out in the Old Order Amish (OOA) community of Lancaster, Pennsylvania (http://medschool.umaryland.edu/endocrinology/amish/research-program.asp). The OOA population of Lancaster County, PA immigrated to the Colonies from Western Europe in the early 1700's. There are now over 30,000 OOA individuals in the Lancaster area, nearly all of whom can trace their ancestry back 12-14 generations to approximately 700 founders. Investigators at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have been studying the genetic determinants of cardiometabolic health in this population since 1993. To date, over 7,000 Amish adults have participated in one or more of our studies. Due to their ancestral history, the OOA may be enriched for rare variants that arose in the population from a single founder (or small number of founders) and propagated through genetic drift. Many of these variants have large effect sizes and identifying them can lead to new biological insights about health and disease. The parent study for this WGS project provides one (of multiple) examples. In our parent study, we identified through a genome-wide association analysis a haplotype that was highly enriched in the OOA that is associated with very high LDL-cholesterol levels. At the present time, the identity of the causative SNP - and even the implicated gene - is not known because the associated haplotype contains numerous genes, none of which are obvious lipid candidate genes. A major goal of the WGS that will be obtained through the NHLBI TOPMed Consortium will be to identify functional variants that underlie some of the large effect associations observed in this unique population.

  Study phs000956

• Genome-Wide Association Study of Preterm Birth

  Preterm birth (PTB, born before 37 weeks of gestation) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and post-natal morbidity. PTB affects one in nine all live births in the U.S. Notably, the highest rate of PTB occurs among African Americans (one in six). PTB is a complex trait, likely determined by multiple environmental and genetic factors and their interactions. We demonstrated strong familial aggregation of preterm and low birthweight in the US Blacks and Whites (Wang et al, NEJM, 1995) and conducted the largest candidate gene study of preterm birth at that time (Hao et al, HMG, 2004). We showed that a subset of mothers with certain metabolic gene variants are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on low birthweight and preterm births (Wang et al, JAMA, 2002). We also published a number of papers that examined the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, micronutrient status, stress and environmental toxins on the risk of preterm birth and related conditions. This project, supported by a grant from the NICHD (2R01HD41702, PI, Xiaobin Wang), aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and apply advanced statistical methods to identify susceptibility loci of PTB in a predominantly urban low-income African American sample, a subset of the Boston Birth Cohort. PUBLIC HEALTH REVELANCE: We anticipate that this study will lead to the identification of novel genetic loci of PTB and gene-environment interactions. Such findings not only will provide important insights into mechanisms leading to PTB, but also may help identify women at high-risk of PTB, which in turn, may lead to the development of early and targeted interventions that can prevent PTB or mitigate the severity and consequences of PTB.

  Study phs000332

• Mechanisms of Risk for Sulfonamide Hypersensitivity

  Hypersensitivity (HS) reactions to sulfonamide antibiotics occur uncommonly, but with potentially severe clinical manifestations. A familial predisposition to sulfonamide HS is suspected, but robust predictive genetic risk factors have yet to be identified. Strongly linked genetic polymorphisms have been used clinically as screening tests for other HS reactions prior to administration of high-risk drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate for genetic risk of sulfonamide HS in the immunocompetent population using genome-wide association. Ninety-one patients with symptoms after trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) attributable to "probable" drug HS based on medical record review and the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale, and 184 age- and sex-matched patients who tolerated a therapeutic course of TMP-SMX, were included in a genome-wide association study using both common and rare variant techniques. Additionally, two subgroups of HS patients with a more refined clinical phenotype (fever and rash; or fever, rash and eosinophilia) were evaluated separately. For the full dataset, no single nucleotide polymorphisms were suggestive of or reached genome-wide significance in the common variant analysis, nor was any genetic locus significant in the rare variant analysis. A single, possible gene locus association (COL12A1) was identified in the rare variant analysis for patients with both fever and rash, but the sample size was very small in this subgroup (n=16), and this may be a false positive finding. No other significant associations were found for the subgroups. No convincing genetic risk factors for sulfonamide HS were identified in this population. These negative findings may be due to challenges in accurately confirming the phenotype in exanthematous drug eruptions, or to unidentified gene-environment interactions influencing sulfonamide HS. Reprinted under PLOS ONE's open access license, CC-BY (http://www.plos.org/open-access).

  Study phs001124

• Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) Polymorphisms and Anxiety, Depression

  GDNF gene variants were studied as possible risk factors of depression or anxiety on a young sample. The association study involved eight (rs1981844, rs3812047, rs3096140, rs2973041, rs2910702, rs1549250, rs2973050 and rs11111) GDNF single nucleotide polymorphisms and anxiety and depression scores measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) on 708 Caucasian young adults with no psychiatric history. Results provided significant effects of two single nucleotide polymorphisms on anxiety scores following the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p=0.00070 and p=0.00138 for rs3812047 and rs3096140, respectively). Haplotype analysis confirmed the role of these SNPs (p=0.00029). A significant sex-gene interaction was also observed since the effect of the rs3812047 A allele as a risk factor of anxiety was more pronounced in males. This is the first demonstration of a significant association between the GDNF gene and mood characteristics demonstrated by the association of two SNPs of the GDNF gene (rs3812047 and rs3096140) and individual variability of anxiety using self-report data from a non-clinical sample. Reprinted from Kotyuk et. al., 2013 (Kotyuk, E., Keszler, G., Nemeth, N., Ronai, Z., Sasvari-Szekely, M., and Szekely, A. (2013). Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) as a Novel Candidate Gene of Anxiety. PLoS One,8, (12) PMID: 24324616), with permission from Publisher (All content of articles published in PLOS journals is open access. You can read about our open access license here: http://www.plos.org/about/open-access/. To summarize, this license allows you to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles or images in PLOS journals, so long as the original creators are credited (e.g., including the article's citation and/or the image credit); Laura Perry; Staff EO;PLOS ONE)

  Study phs000713

• Impact of Genetic Variation on Response to GO Therapy in COG-AML Trials AAML03P1 and AAML0531

  The 340 de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients (ages 1 month to 21 years) were enrolled in COG-AAML03P1 (NCT00070174). Everyone received standard chemotherapy regimen of ara-C, daunorubicin and etoposide (ADE) with addition of one 3 mg/m2 dose of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) in induction 1 as well as in intensification II phase. The 1022 de novo AML patients (ages 0–30 years) were enrolled in COG-AAML0531 (NCT01407757). They were randomly assigned to receive either the standard ADE regimen (ADE arm, n = 511) or with the addition of one 3 mg/m2 dose of GO, during induction I as well as intensification II phase (ADE+GO arm, n = 511). Detailed study design, treatment regimen, and clinical outcomes of these two trials have been previously published (Cooper TM, Franklin J, Gerbing RB, et al., PMID:21766293 and Gamis AS, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S, et al., PMID:25092781). The current study used genomic DNA from 1,225 pediatric patients treated in these two trials with 470 patients treated with standard chemotherapy in COG-AAML0531 (ADE arm) and 755 patients treated with addition of GO to standard therapy in COG-AAML03P1 and COG-AAML0531 trials (ADE+GO arm). The 132 SNPs in 42 genes within DNA-damage repair (DDR) pathways or genes implicated in mediating calicheamicin were selected for genotyping. These SNPs were genotyped using the Sequenom platform at the Biomedical Genomics Center, University of Minnesota. All SNPs had a call rate of more than 0.98 and were in accordance with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These genotypes were used to test for association with clinical endpoints as defined in the COG-AAML03P1 and COG-AAML0531 trials.

  Study phs003490

• HeLa Cell Genome Sequencing Studies

  HeLa is a human epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line that was derived from biopsy specimens of a 31-year old patient named Henrietta Lacks who was being treated for cervical cancer at The Johns Hopkins University Hospital in 1951. The specimens were obtained without her knowledge or consent just before her death in 1951. HeLa is the oldest and most widely used human cell line and has been an extraordinarily important resource for researchers throughout the world. HeLa cells have served as a standard for understanding many fundamental biological processes, such as testing the polio vaccine, establishing basic techniques for cloning and in vitro fertilization, identifying the cause of cervical cancer (HPV), and advancing the development of anti-cancer drugs.This study contains all authorized whole genome sequence data of the HeLa cell line from datasets currently in dbGaP. These data have been approved for health, medical, and/or biomedical research purposes. Access to these data can be granted for one year. Accessible data will include the studies listed on this page and any additional authorized datasets that become available during this one-year period. The HeLa Genome Data Access Working Group of the Advisory Committee to the Director (ACD) will review requests from the research community for access to these datasets and assess whether the requests align with the terms of use defined in the HeLa Genome Data Use Agreement. The Working Group's findings will be reported to the ACD, and the ACD will make recommendations to the NIH Director about whether a request should be approved or disapproved. The NIH Director will decide whether access to the data will be granted.

  Study phs000640

• Mutational Landscape and Tumor Burden Assessed by Cell-Free DNA in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: a Population-based Study

  Purpose: We analyzed the utility of cfDNA in a prospective population-based cohort to determine the mutational profile, assess tumor burden, and estimate its impact in response rate and outcome in patients with DLBCL. Experimental Design: One-hundred patients were diagnosed with DLBCL during the study period. Mutational status of 112 genes was studied in cfDNA by targeted next-generation sequencing. Paired formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and volumetric PET/CT were assessed when available. Results: Appropriate cfDNA to perform the analyses was obtained in 79/100 cases. At least one mutation could be detected in 69/79 cases (87%). The sensitivity of cfDNA to detect the mutations was 68% (95% CI: 56.2-78.7). The mutational landscape found in cfDNA samples was highly consistent with that shown in the tissue and allowed genetic classification in 43% of the cases. A higher amount of ctDNA significantly correlated with clinical parameters related to tumor burden (elevated LDH and β2-microglobulin serum levels, advanced stage, and high-risk IPI) and total metabolic tumor volume assessed by PET/CT. In patients treated with curative intent, high ctDNA levels (>2.5 log hGE/mL) were associated with lower complete response (65% vs. 96%, P<0.004), shorter progression-free survival (65% vs. 85%, P=0.038) and overall survival (73% vs. 100%, P=0.007) at 2 years, although it did not maintain prognostic value in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: In a population-based prospective DLBCL series, cfDNA resulted an alternative source to estimate tumor burden and to determine the tumor mutational profile and genetic classification, which have prognostic implications and may contribute to a future tailored

  Study EGAS00001004733

• Distinct evolutionary trajectories of primary high grade serous ovarian cancers revealed through spatial mutational profiling

  High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is characterized by poor outcome, often attributed to emergence of treatment-resistant sub-clones. We sought to measure the degree of genomic diversity within primary, untreated HGSC to examine the natural state of tumor evolution prior to therapy. We performed exome sequencing, copy number analysis, targeted amplicon deep sequencing and gene expression profiling on thirty-one spatially and temporally separated HGSC tumor specimens (six patients) including ovarian masses, distant metastases, and fallopian tube lesions. We found widespread intra-tumoral variation in mutation, copy number, and gene expression profiles, with key driver alterations in genes present in only a subset of samples (e.g. PIK3CA, CTNNB1, NF1). On average, only 51.5% of mutations were present in every sample of a given case (range: 10.2% to 91.4%), with TP53 as the only somatic mutation consistently present in all samples. Complex segmental aneuploidies, such as whole genome doubling, were present in a subset of samples from the same individual, with divergent copy number changes segregating independently of point mutation acquisition. Reconstruction of evolutionary histories showed one patient with mixed HGSC and endometrioid histology with common etiologic origin in the fallopian tube and subsequent selection of different driver mutations in the histologically distinct samples. In this patient, we observed mixed cell populations in the early fallopian tube lesion, indicating diversity arises at early stages of tumorigenesis. Our results reveal that HGSC exhibit highly individual evolutionary trajectories and diverse genomic tapestries prior to therapy, exposing an essential biological characteristic to inform future design of personalized therapeutic solutions and investigation of drug resistance mechanisms.

  Study EGAS00001000547

• Whole_genome_sequencing_of_100_DDD_trios_with_suspected_noncoding_causal_mutations

  We would like to whole-genome sequence 100 trios (300 individuals) from the DDD project in which we suspect the proband has a pathogenic noncoding mutation, to 30X coverage. These have been carefully selected to maximise the chances of finding pathogenic noncoding mutations. Specifically, we have selected probands who have no likely causal mutation within the coding region but who have a heterozygous loss-of-function mutation inherited from one parent in a known recessive developmental disorder gene, and whose phenotype is a good match for the typical phenotype caused by recessive variants in that gene. We suspect that these probands may have a heterozygous noncoding mutation on the other allele which reduces expression of the gene so that, together, these two mutations are effectively equivalent to a homozygous loss-of-function mutation. About a quarter of the probands have affected siblings and, if those siblings have been exome sequenced, we have checked that they are identical-by-descent in the region of the gene. We propose to search in the promoter region, intronic and annotated regulatory regions around these genes of interest for rare variants inherited from the other parent (i.e. not the one who transmitted the loss-of-function variant), or de novo variants. If we find such variants, and demonstrate an enrichment of this compound heterozygous LoF noncoding mechanism above that expected by chance, we intend to follow up specific candidates by RNAseq and potentially CRISPR/Cas9 experiments. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002452