6365 results for "11+1双色球多少钱一注"

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• Matched WXS of 147 lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy

  This data includes whole exome sequencing of matched normal-tumor samples of patients who have received immunotherapy. '-1' refers to matched normal sample and '-2' refers to matched tumor sample.

  Dataset EGAD00001005211

• Patient-derived lung cancer organoids

  Patient-derived lung cancer organoids cram files : targeted seq 13 samples, whole exome seq 12 samples mutation profiles of PDO and matched tissue : aggregated vcf 1 file details : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11867-6

  Dataset EGAD00001005317

• Whole genome sequence of intratumor heterogeneity study

  This dataset contains whole genome sequence data from 12 samples from 1 patient, including 8 tumor sectors and 4 normal samples. All the experiments were performed on Illumina HiSeq platform with raw reads stored in fastq format.

  Dataset EGAD00001005452

• PCa mtDNA data

  50 paired benign/cancer samples from prostate tissue generated in 2 different runs - on 3 plates on the IonTorrent Proton. Total of 200 fastq.gz single end runs. Read length ~300 bp. %GC 44 Sequences per file approx 1 Mio.

  Dataset EGAD00001005945

• Pre-treatment PD-L1 staining on tumor samples (n=24)

  Data from NABUCCO cohort 1 (NCT03387761). This dataset includes the pre-treatment PD-L1 staining on tumor samples (n=24). Details about the PD-L1 staining can be found on the paper (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1085-z)

  Dataset EGAD00001006856

• EORTC-26101 sequencing data

  The dataset contains panel sequencing data of 170 genes from 380 patients of the EORTC-26101 trial. The corresponding methylation data is available via the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) repository with the accession number GSE237103.

  Dataset EGAD00001011160

• Transcriptomic profiling of the Enteric Nervous System in Hirschsprung Disease (2025-07-31)

  This study involves atlasing the development of the postnatal gut nervous system in order to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of Hirschsprung disease. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2025-07-31.

  Dataset EGAD00001015667

• MASS_Pilot: Muscle and Ageing Science Study - Collaboration with Wellcome Sanger Institute to characterise skeletal muscle ageing using Human Cell Atlas approaches (2025-07-31)

  Transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle, to understand the mechanisms of muscle ageing. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2025-07-31.

  Dataset EGAD00001015670

• DNA WGS Long Read Sequence (PromethION) for manuscript titled: "Performance of Somatic Structural Variant Calling in Lung Cancer using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology"

  DNA WGS Long Read Sequence (PromethION) for manuscript titled: "Performance of Somatic Structural Variant Calling in Lung Cancer using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology"

  Dataset EGAD00001015400

• Ipilimumab plus Decitabine for Patients with MDS or AML in Post-Transplant or Transplant Naïve Settings

  Design and AimsThis study was a phase 1 clinical trial investigating the combination of ipilimumab (IPI), a CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor, and decitabine (DEC), a hypomethylating agent, for treating relapsed/refractory (R/R) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The goal was to determine whether DEC could enhance the immune response to IPI without causing excessive immune toxicity. This study provides important insights into the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors with hypomethylating agents in treating high-risk MDS/AML and highlights the need for further research on optimizing immune-based therapies in these settings.Population InformationPost-HSCT arm: 25 patients (23 AML, 2 MDS; all relapsed/refractory).Transplant-naïve arm: 23 patients (15 AML, 8 MDS; 20 relapsed/refractory, 3 untreated).Data available through dbGaPDeidentified individual participant data, Multiplex immunofluorescence staining, Olink, RNA-Seq and Whole Exome SequencingPrincipal FindingsSafety & Tolerability: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for IPI was determined to be 10 mg/kg, though higher doses were associated with increased immune-related adverse events (irAEs).Efficacy: The overall response rate (ORR) was higher in transplant-naïve patients (52%) compared to post-HSCT patients (20%).Responses were more frequent at higher IPI doses (10 mg/kg). Some patients achieved durable remission (>1 year), often linked to irAE development.Toxicity: The most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events included neutropenia (32%-48%), thrombocytopenia (28%-48%), and febrile neutropenia (36%-61%). irAEs were observed in 44%-48% of patients, with GVHD occurring only in the post-HSCT group.Survival Outcomes: Median overall survival and progression-free survival did not significantly differ between the two arms. However, in transplant-naïve patients, 1-year survival was higher in those who developed irAEs (72.7%) versus those who did not (33.3%).

  Study phs003292

• NEOPREDICT-Lung: Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Resectable NSCLC

  Links via: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02965-0 PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38689060/ Journal: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02965-0 Abstract Antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy are standard of care in most patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancers. When given prior to curative surgery, tumor responses and improved event-free survival are achieved. New antibody combinations may be more efficacious and tolerable. In an ongoing, open-label phase II study, 60 biomarker-unselected, treatment-naïve patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer were randomized to receive two preoperative doses of nivolumab (anti-PD-1) with or without relatlimab (anti-LAG-3) antibody therapy. The primary study endpoint was feasibility of surgery within 43 days, which was met by all patients. Curative resection was achieved in 95% of patients. Secondary endpoints included pathological and radiographic response rates, pathologically complete resection rates, disease-free and overall survival rates, and safety. Major pathological (≤10% viable tumor cells) and objective radiographic responses were achieved in 27% and 10% (nivolumab), and 30% and 27% (nivolumab and relatlimab) of patients, respectively. In 100% (nivolumab) and 90% (nivolumab and relatlimab) of patients tumors and lymph nodes were pathologically completely resected. With 12 months median duration of follow-up, disease-free survival and overall survival rates at 12 months were 89% and 93% (nivolumab), and 93% and 100% (nivolumab and relatlimab). Both treatments were safe with grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events reported in 10% and 13% of patients per study arm. Exploratory analyses provided insights into biological processes triggered by preoperative immunotherapy. This study establishes the feasibility and safety of dual targeting of PD-1 and LAG-3 prior to lung cancer surgery.

  Study EGAS00001007753

• Characterization of Neoantigen-reactive T cells by Single-Cell Analysis

  Through CITE-seq and TCR-seq analysis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), we developed a neoantigen-reactive T-cell signature based on clonotype frequency and CD39 protein and CXCL13 mRNA expression. There are four datasets from four NSCLC cases. Each dataset includes (1) Transcriptome of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), (2) Cell surface protein expression on TIL by Feature barcoding, (3) T-cell receptor analysis of TIL, and (4) Reference file for feature-barcoding antibodies.

  Study phs002792

• Breast Cancer Genome Guided Therapy Study (BEAUTY)

  The Breast Cancer Genome Guided Therapy Study (BEAUTY) is a prospective neoadjuvant clinical study enrolling 140 women with Stage I-III breast cancer. The goals of this study were to 1) perform comprehensive sequencing of germline and tumor tissues (exome and RNA seq), 2) identify genomic alterations and perturbed pathways associated with response/resistance to standard chemotherapy, and 3) develop patient-derived xenograft (PDX) for testing of therapeutic regimens chosen on the basis of alterations identified by genetic sequencing.

  Study phs001050

• Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Biomarkers in the InCHIANTI and BLSA

  Version 1 The aim of this study was to identify gene(s) associated with serum iron concentrations. This dataset contains the results from a meta-analysis of 1919 subjects from the InCHIANTI and Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Both studies are population based prospective studies that evaluate the contributors of normal aging. Version 2 We performed genome wide analysis of 93 circulating biomarkers in the InCHIANTI study of 1210 individuals, after imputation from the 1000 genomes project.

  Study phs000215

• Kids First: Genetic Basis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is estimated to occur in at least 1-5% of all children in the USA and is a major public health issue. However, in addition to alcohol, other susceptibility factors, such as maternal or fetal genetic variation, must play a role as not all children prenatally exposed to alcohol are similarly affected. The proposed study will examine the role of genetic susceptibility for FASD. This work will help to inform more effective intervention efforts for this common congenital disorder.

  Study phs002594

• VitGene Generalized Vitiligo Genetics Study-Phase 2

  Generalized vitiligo is an autoimmune disease in which melanocyte loss results in patchy depigmentation of skin and hair. For this third GWAS of generalized vitiligo, SNPs were genotyped in 1,059 generalized vitiligo cases of European-derived white (EUR) ancestry using the Illumina Human OmniExpress BeadChip array. The data were combined with those of Phase 1 and Phase 2 to provide at least 85% power to detect associations with OR > 1.22 at genome-wide significance (P = 5 x 10-8) for MAF > 0.25.

  Study phs000224

• Impact of allogeneic umbilical-cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells on B-cell scRNAseq in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

  The impact of MSC(UC) on peripheral B cells from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients was studied by 10X scRNAseq. This scRNAseq study encompassed 3 SLE patients at 3 time points: before or after (1 month, and 3 months) MSC injection in order to analyze B cell subsets and their DEG. The aim of this study was to observe the potential changes of B cell subsets after MSC(UC) injection in SLE patients.

  Study EGAS50000000325

• Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Organoid Study

  This study uses normal and tumor tissues from breast cancer patients to derive 3D cell culture models called organoids. Organoid technology is an innovative platform that can be used to study a patient's tumor in a dish ex-vivo. As part of this study we have comprehensively characterized these models using next-generation sequencing for: 1) pathogenic SNVs in a targeted gene panel 2) copy number alterations 3) transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing and 4) single-cell RNA sequencing

  Study phs002722

• Ballett

  TSO500 study: The project, called "BALLETT" (Belgian Approach of Local Laboratory Extensive Tumor Testing), has a double goal: (1) show the relevance of broad molecular profiling to improve oncological patients care, (2) demonstrate that broad molecular testing can be performed in a decentralized setting by local diagnostics laboratories in a fully standardized and uniform way while complying with the highest quality standards. NCT05058937 The publication number is: Your manuscript ID is bcr-2023-256124. Title: CUP and BRAF V600E meeting the BEACON combination.

  Study EGAS50000000478

• NGS sequencing data of archival FFPE tumor tissue

  The aim of the study was to identify mutations in key ovarian cancer genes (BRCA1, BRCA2,TP53, PTEN, ATM, ATR, NF1) in archival fresh-frozen paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue from platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients enrolled in the phase I/II GANNET53 clinical trial. From the enrolled 133 patients, archival FFPE tissue was available and DNA was extracted thereof. The DNA samples passing quality control (n=118) were NGS sequenced using the SureSeq™ Ovarian Cancer Panel and the NGS Library Preparation kit (Oxford Gene Technology), which covers all exons of 7 key ovarian cancer genes for single nucleotide variants (SNV) and indels, and the Illumina MiSeq platform. For the paired-end runs, one Read 1 (R1) and one Read 2 (R2) FASTQ file were created for each sample. FASTQ files were compressed and created with the extension \.fastq.gz.

  Dataset EGAD50000001371

• Single-cell and spatial atlas of steatotic liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma

  This study consists of the spatial transcriptomics data generated by : 1. Visium CytAssist Spatial Gene Expression for FFPE (10x) for steatotic liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (SLD-HCC) (n=7) and non-SLD-HCC (n=5) 2. CosMxTM Human Universal Cell Characterization RNA Panel (1000-plex); NanoString, USA for n=4 SLD-HCC and n=4 non-SLD-HCC. The goal of this data is to compare SLD-HCC vs non-SLD-HCC as well as response to immunotherapy

  Study EGAS50000001034

• Immune activation in the tumor microenvironment of renal cell carcinoma

  Study describes immunological responses to immunotherapy (anti-PD-1, pembrolizumab) and targeted therapy (VEGFR inhibition, axitinib) as well as anti-CD3/CD28/CD2 (Immunocult) in a patient-derived ex vivo tumor model of renal cell carcinoma. Patient-derived ex vivo tumor models were established and their treatment response studied using material from eight renal cell carcinoma patients. Samples were collected under informed consent in HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. The study aims to understand immunological treatment responses in the patient tumor microenvironment.

  Study EGAS50000001349

• ATAC-seq iPSC cells or smNPC cells for allelic imbalance

  In order to confirm the predicted impact of the PD-associated allele of rs144814361 on BAG3 promoter, we proceeded with genome editing of the TH-REP1 cell line by using prime editing to insert the “T” allele at the position chr10:119651405 in the BAG3 promoter. 3 replicates for each condition: 1) iPSC Wild Type 2) SNP-BAG3 variant in iPSC 3) SNP-BAG3 variant in smNPC. Allelic imbalance is further assessed using read counting at this specific position.

  Study EGAS50000001579

• Transcriptome analysis of human iPSC-derived microglia in a novel human 3D cortical tissue model

  scRNA-seq analysis of human iPSC-derived microglia in a novel, human in vitro 3D cortical tissue model. Samples include three distinct conditions (each as biological duplicates): wild-type microglia extracted from cultures after 1 month (WT_1mo) and 3 months (WT_3mo) of culturing, as well as knock-in microglia extracted from cultures carrying three familial AD mutations in the APP gene (Swedish, Iberian, Arctic; introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in) after 3 months of culturing (KI_3mo).

  Study EGAS50000000469

• AML_targeted_resequencing_study

  Genomic libraries will be generated from whole genome amplified genomic DNA derived from 3,000 myeloid neoplasms. Targeted capture will be performed by multiplexing 16 barcoded samples in each library. Pools of 96 DNA samples will be subjected to 1-2 lanes of HiSeq 75bp sequencing. Reads will be mapped to the current build of the human reference genome to facilitate the generation of a comprehensive catalog of somatic mutations associated with 116 known myeloid and cancer driver genes.

  Study EGAS00001000275

• MutWP5__CRUK_Mutographs_of_Cancer__Breast__Cancer_Mastectomy__Exome_

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from 30 women who underwent mastectomies due to a breast cancer diagnosis. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Exome data will be used as a driver and clonality screen, highly clonal or driver-containing samples will subsequently be sent for whole-genome sequencing. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to women who had cosmetic breast reduction surgeries and those with germline BRCA 1/2 mutations.

  Study EGAS00001003319

• PCR-free HiSeqX whole genome sequence data on 120 samples with triplet repeat expansions (premutation and full expansions)

  Whole genome sequence (WGS) data was generated on 120 Coriell samples with the following validated repeat expansions: Fragile X Syndrome, Huntington disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Myotonic Dystrophy, Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1/3 and Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian Atrophy. These samples were sequenced using 2x150bp reads on an Illumina HiSeqX sequencer and the repeat expansions were called using ExpansionHunter to demonstrate the ability to call large repeats from high throughput, PCR-free WGS data.

  Study EGAS00001002462

• Genome-wide association study of response to warfarin in a UK prospective cohort

  Genome-wide association study of Warfarin dosing in 714 British, recruited in Liverpool and Birmingham. Three phenotypes were investigated: warfarin mean dose, warfarin mean stable dose, and INR over 4 during first week of treatment. Stability was defined by at least three INR measurements within target in a three week period. The samples were genotyped on the Illumina 610K chip and imputed using Impute v2.1, with a combined filtered set composed of HapMap 3 release 2 and 1000 genomes pilot 1 CEU.

  Study EGAS00001001130

• Investigating_the_genetics_of_immunity_against_Salmonella_in_humans

  This study entails whole genome sequencing of an interleukin (IL)-12 b-1 receptor-deficient individual who presented with a chronic systemic Salmonella Enteritidis infection that did not resolve with standard IFNg and antibiotic treatment. Whole genome sequencing of the patient’s parents are also included.This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001664

• Genomic Signatures Reveal DNA Damage Response Deficiency in Brain Metastases of Colorectal Cancer

  Brain metastasis (BM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rare but lethal, and lacks effective therapies or a good understanding of its genomic landscapes. We conduct an analysis of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data on 19 trios of patient-matched BMs, primary CRC tumors, and adjacent normal tissue to (1) document genomic signatures during the evolution of CRC BM; (2) identify clinically actionable targets for the BM treatment; and (3) identify potential drivers in CRC BM.

  Study EGAS00001003659

• Relapse series of two Pediatric ALL patients

  In this proof of principle study, we performed whole genome sequencing of two cases with multiple relapses in order to investigate whether groups of mutations separated in time show distinct mutational signatures. In patient 1, who experienced two relapses, the analysis unraveled a continuous interplay of aberrant AID/APOBEC-associated activities. Patient 2 had three relapses. We identified episodic mutational processes at diagnosis and first relapse leading to mutations resembling UV light-driven DNA damage, and thiopurine-associated damage at first relapse.

  Study EGAS00001005001

• RNA sequencing data of 66 matched primary and recurrent high grade serous ovarian cancer

  Gene expression profiles of matched primary and recurrent fresh frozen tumor tissues from 66 HGSOC patients were obtained by RNA sequencing. RNA libraries were created using the Illumina TruSeq RNA sample preparation kit V2 according to the manufacturer’s instructions and sequenced on a HiSeq2000 (Illumina, California, USA) using a V3 flowcell generating 1 x 50 bp reads. Raw sequencing reads were mapped to the transcriptome and the human reference genome (NCBI37/hg19) using TopHat 2.0 and Bowtie 2.0.

  Study EGAS00001002660

• Solve-RD Solving the Unsolved Rare Dieseases

  Solve-RD – solving the unsolved rare diseases is a research project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 779257 from 1 January 2018 to 31 March 2024. Six European Reference Networks (ERNs; ERN-RND, -ITHACA, -EuroNMD, -GENTURIS, -RITA and -EpiCare) contributed data and samples to one or more of the four cohorts for data re-analysis and novel omics. For more information see https://solve-rd.eu/results/solve-rd-data/.

  Study EGAS00001003851

• IMCISION RNAseq

  RNA sequencing of 32 primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples prior to treatment with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (n=6) or anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 (n=26) immunotherapy, and 30 paired on-treatment HNSCC samples (i.e. after neoadjuvant immunotherapy). RNA quantity used: 10ng. Library Preparation Kit: SMART Stranded Total RNA Seq Kit (Takara). Sequencing parameters: NovaSeq 6000, 2x 100 bp. File type: fastQ

  Dataset EGAD00001008127

• scEC&T-seq manuscript data

  This dataset includes all data produced in the study describing "scEC&T-seq", a method for parallel sequencing of extrachromosomal circular DNA and transcriptome in single cells. This dataset includes: - Illumina scEC&T-seq Circle-seq data (scCircle-seq) for a total of 626 single cells / nuclei - bam files - Illumina scEC&T-seq RNA-seq data (scRNA-seq-Illumina) for the same single cells / nuclei - bam files - Nanopore scCircle-seq data for 18 single cells - bam files - Nanopore bulk WGS for 2 cell lines and 2 primary tumor samples - bam files - Illumina bulk WGS for 2 cell lines - bam files - Illumina bulk Circle-seq data from 1 cell line - bam file - Illumina ChIP-seq H3K27me3 data from 1 cell line - fasta files + peaks bed file + coverage bw file

  Dataset EGAD00001010071

• CcRCC_metabolic_heterogeneity

  Heterogeneity is a hallmark of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this study, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI (HP-13C-MRI) was used to probe metabolic heterogeneity non-invasively in 6 ccRCC patients from which 58 tumor and healthy tissues biopsies were acquired postoperatively. MRI parameters were correlated with 146 metabolite concentrations and the expression of 2523 metabolic genes across 34 metabolic pathways. Using metabologram projections and pathway consensus scoring, several metabolic pathways were correlated with the metabolic MRI, including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA cycle. A simple thresholding approach applied to the imaging metrics was sufficient to provide meaningful metabolic pathway information. We also show that tissue metabolic heterogeneity increases in regions with higher pyruvate-to-lactate conversion on imaging. These results provide validation of the biological relevance of HP-13C-MRI and support the possibility of its clinical use to improve disease characterization, stratification, targeting of biopsies, and providing novel methods to monitor treatment response.

  Dataset EGAD00001015780

• Characterization of individual foci of multicentric/multifocal breast cancer using targeted next generation sequencing

  Multifocality or multicentricity in breast cancer may be defined as the presence of two or more tumor foci within a single quadrant of the breast or within different quadrants of the same breast, respectively. This original classification of the breast cancer as multicentric or multifocal was based on the assumption that cancers arising in the same quadrant were more likely to arise from the same ductal structures than those occurring in separate areas of the breast. The problem with these definitions is that the ?quadrants? of the breast are arbitrary external designations, as no internal boundaries do exist. This project will therefore focus both on synchronous multifocal and multicentric tumors. The incidence of multifocal and multicentric breast cancers was reported to be between 13 and 75% depending on the definition used, the extent of the pathologic sampling of the breast and whether in situ disease is considered evidence of multicentricity (1). Although this incidence is variable, those figures show that it is a frequent phenomenon. Multiple (multifocal/multicentric) breast carcinomas, especially when occurring in the same breast, represent a real challenge for both pathologists and clinicians in terms of identifying the cellular origin and the best therapeutic management of the cancer. Multifocality or multicentricity has been associated with a number of more aggressive features including an increased rate of regional lymph node metastases and adverse patient outcome when compared with unifocal tumors (2-3), and a possible increased risk of local recurrence following breast conserving surgery (4). For the moment, the literature is divided on whether there is a corresponding impact on survival outcomes. Today, the current convention to stage and to treat multifocal and multicentric tumors is the classical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging guidelines with which tumor size is assessed by the largest tumor focus without taking other foci of disease into consideration. If some papers, as the recent one from Lynch and colleagues, support the current staging convention (3), others, however, as Boyages et al. suggested that aggregate size and not the size of the largest lesion should be considered in order to refine the prognostic assessment of those tumors (5). On the top of that, the question whether multifocal/multicentric carcinomas are due to the spread of a single carcinoma throughout the breast or is due to multiple carcinomas arising simultaneously has been a matter of debate. Some studies suggested that multifocal breast cancer may result from either intramammary spread from a single primary tumor or multiple synchronous primary tumors; whereas others suggest that multiple breast carcinomas always arise from the same clone (6-8). Recently, Pietri and colleagues analyzed the biological characterization of a series of 113 multifocal/multicentric breast cancers (8) which were diagnosed over a 5-year period. The expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors, Ki-67 proliferative index, expression of HER2 and tumor grading were prospectively determined in each tumor focus, and mismatches among foci were recorded. Mismatches in ER status were present in 5 (4.4%) cases and PgR in 18 (15.9%) cases. Mismatches in tumor grading were present in 21 cases (18.6%), proliferative index (Ki-67) in 17 (15%) cases and HER2 status in 11 (9.7%) cases. Interestingly, this heterogeneity among foci has led to 14 (12.4%) patients receiving different adjuvant treatments compared with what would have been indicated if we had only taken into account the biologic status of the primary tumor. This study therefore showed that differences in biological characteristics of multifocal/multicentric lesions play a crucial role in the adjuvant treatment decision making process. In this study, we will concentrate on a larger series of patients with multifocal invasive ductal breast cancer lesions. We aim at: 1. Evaluating the incidence of multifocality according to the different breast cancer molecular subtypes (ER-/HER2-, HER2+, ER+/HER2-). 2. Evaluating the incidence of multifocality in patients with hereditary breast cancer disease (presence of germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations). Moreover, we would like to investigate if multifocal lesions with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations exhibit a characteristic combination of substitution mutation signatures and a distinctive profile of deletions as demonstrated recently by Nik-Zainal and colleagues (9). 3. Correlating multifocality with clinical information in order to define its influence on patients? survival (DFS and OS). 4. Carrying high coverage targeted gene sequencing of driver cancer genes and genes whose mutation is of therapeutic importance in order to compare clinically-relevant genetic differences between several multifocal breast cancer lesions. 5. Evaluating the impact of the distance between the different lesions on the clinical outcome but also on the genetic differences. 6. Comparing gene expression patterns between several multifocal breast cancer lesions and correlate them with the results of the targeted genes screen. 7. Characterizing the genomic and transcriptomic status of cancer related genes in metastatic lesions (local recurrence, positive lymph node or distant metastatic sites) from the same multifocal invasive ductal breast cancer patients in order to evaluate the consequence of genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity of multifocal lesions on metastatic lesions. Multiple (multifocal/multicentric) breast carcinomas, especially when occurring in the same breast, represent a real challenge for both pathologists and clinicians in terms of identifying the cellular origin and the best therapeutic choice. This project has the potential to identify genetic/transcriptomic differences existing between several lesions constituting multifocal breast cancers, which in the routine clinical practice are usually considered to be homogeneous among them. We foresee validating significant results in a larger series of patients and this, in turn, could have a remarkable impact on the treatment and clinical management of multifocal breast cancers. Indeed, we hope to provide some evidence whether or not each focus matters in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer to define the adequate therapeutic approach, especially in the context of targeted therapies. The work to be done at Sanger will be target gene screen pooling of 1400 samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001000624

• RNA Ligation Precedes U6 snRNA/LINE-1 Retrotransposition

  Long Interspersed Element-1 (L1) retrotransposons make up approximately 17% of the human genome. L1 moves throughout the genome via a copy-and-paste mechanism termed retrotransposition. L1 retrotransposition also mobilizes other cellular RNAs such as SINES, U6 snRNA and, mRNA, which for the latter results in the formation of processed pseudogenes. In this study we demonstrate that the RNA ligase RtcB can create chimeric RNAs by joining U6 snRNAs to 5'-truncated L1 or other cellular RNAs. We also show that the retrotransposition of U6/L1 chimeric RNA leads to U6/L1 pseudogene formation. In sum, our data suggests that U6 snRNA and RtcB may have biological roles in addition to their essential functions in mRNA and tRNA splicing, and that the retrotransposition of chimeric RNAs could be a mechanism to create novel genes.

  Study phs001671

• Identification of a Type 1 Diabetes-Associated T Cell Receptor Repertoire Signature from the Human Peripheral Blood

  Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated disease with a strong immunogenetic HLA dependence. HLA allelic influence on the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire shapes thymic selection and controls activation of diabetogenic clones, yet remains largely unresolved in T1D. We sequenced the circulating TCRβ chain repertoire from 2250 HLA-typed participants across three cross-sectional cohorts, including T1D individuals, and healthy related and unrelated controls. We found that HLA risk alleles show higher restriction of TCR repertoires in T1D individuals. We leveraged deep learning to identify T1D-associated TCR subsequence motifs that were also observed in independent TCR cohorts residing in pancreas-draining lymph nodes of T1D individuals. Collectively, our data demonstrate T1D-related TCR motif enrichment based on genetic risk, offering a potential metric for autoreactivity and groundwork for TCR-based diagnostics and therapeutics.

  Study phs003979

• Epithelial, fibroblast, myeloid, T cell, primary prostate cancer

  The collection and use of tissue for this study had Melbourne Health institutional review board approval and patients provided written informed consent (Melbourne Health Local Project Number: 2016.087). Following the prostatectomy of 13 patients, ranging from 52 to 78 years of age and from CAPRA-S risk score of 0 (attributed to benign tissue samples, harvested from a site far from a low grade, low volume cancer) to 7 (Supplementary file 2), a four millimeter tissue core was collected from the prostate tumour site, conditional to histopathological verification66,67. If not otherwise specified, all procedures were carried out at 4 °C. Tissue blocks were washed in Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution for 2 minutes and minced for 2 minutes with a scalpel. Homogenised tissue was added to a solution (total volume of 7 ml) composed by of 1 mg/ml collagenase IV (Worthington Biochemical Corp, USA), 0.02 mg/ml DNase 1 (New England Biolabs, USA), 0.2 mg/ml dispase (Merck, USA). The tissue homogenised was serially digested at 37 °C at 180 rpm, through three steps of 5, 10 and 10 minutes of duration, with the final 3 minutes dedicated to sedimentation at 0 rpm. After each digestion step, the supernatant was aspirated and filtered through a 70 μm strainer into a pre-chilled tube, diluting the solution with 15 ml of 2% bovine serum PBS to quench the enzymatic reaction. The resulting cumulative solution was then centrifuged at 1500 rpm for five minutes, with the supernatant collected and the cell pellet resuspended into 1 ml 2% PBS-serum prior to labelling (Fig. S1).

  Dataset EGAD00001004948

• EGAD00010000702

  SNP-chip genotyping data for one proband in the DDD study (Ref : Carvalho AJHG 2015)

  Dataset EGAD00010000702

• Tumor reactive γδ T cells contribute to a complete response to PD-1 blockade in a Merkel cell carcinoma patient

  Single cell RNA and TCR sequencing of gamma delta T cells from two Merkel cell carcinoma patients

  Study EGAS50000000102

• cytogenetically visibile inversions

  Pacbio Hifi whole genome sequencing data from six individuals carrying cytogenetically visible inversions. The HiFi data was produced on the PacBio Revio machine, using 1 flowcell per sample. The resulting data was aligned to hg19 using minimap2, and converted into bam using samtools.

  Dataset EGAD50000000635

• BAM files from whole-genome sequencing of 3 agressive B-cell lymphoma tumour and non-tumor samples

  This dataset contains BAM files from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 3 agressive B-cell lymphoma tumour samples for cases 1, 6, and 7 as well as the corresponding non-tumor whole-genome sequencing BAM files.

  Dataset EGAD50000000800

• Long-read RNA-seq of doxycycline-inducible DUX4 human myoblast cell lines

  The dataset includes the PacBio full-length isoform sequencing data of DUX4i myoblasts (Clone-5) with and without 16-hour DOX-treatment (referred to as DUX4- and DUX4+; n=1 in each condition).

  Dataset EGAD50000000718

• RNA-Seq of primary pediatric kidney tumor controls for the soft tissue sarcoma tumoroid biobank

  Dataset EGAD00001008709

• Human exome sequencing data (n=2) from the publication "Germline variants in UHRF1 are associated with multi-locus imprinting disturbance in humans and mice"

  II2_hg38.bwa.QC.vcf III1_III2_hg38.bwa.QC.vcf The VCF files of the mother (II:2) and both affected siblings (III:1+III:2, merged).

  Dataset EGAD50000001684

• RNA-Sequencing of whole blood collected from RNU4ATAC/RNU6ATC patients and controls

  RNA-Sequencing of whole blood collected from patients with biallelic RNU4ATAC/RNU6ATAC variants, parents who carry the variants, healthy controls and type 1 diabetes controls.

  Dataset EGAD50000002242

• Sequence variation of rs774984872G>T

  This dataset contains the genotypes status of rs774984872G>T, a loss of function variant in ANGPTL8. 8 individuals had the reference allele (G/G), 5 were heterozygous (G/T) and 1 was a knock out (T/T).

  Dataset EGAD50000002135

• whole-genome sequencing of gastric cancer

  whole-genome sequencing of 168GCs identifies hot-spot tandem duplications

  Dataset EGAD00001004811

• WGS

  Whole Genome sequencing. 1 ug of genomic DNA from each lymph node sample was used for the construction of a TruSeq DNA PCR Free (350) library before sequencing in a Illumina HiSeq X Ten (2 × 151 bp). Mean coverage 30x.

  Dataset EGAD00001005423

• Lifelines-DEEP circulating proteins data

  levels of 92 circulating proteins measured by Olink platform, CVDIII panel

  Dataset EGAD00001009268

• HV31 - Bionano DLS optical mapping

  Bionano DLS optical mapping data for individual HV31 generated using DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, to a molecule depth of ~153×. Optical mapping was performed at the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine using the Bionano Saphyr platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001007049

• CNA vcf files for CPCG Subclonal Heterogeneity in multiple and single regions

  CNA calls generated using the SomaticSniper-TITAN-PhyloWGS from the CPC-GENE Subclonal Heterogeneity study using single and multiple regions

  Dataset EGAD00001004440

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A96192A

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient-derived xenograft SA1093C passage 1, patient SA1147 on DLP+ library A96192A

  Dataset EGAD00001009467

• Log2 normalized TPM matrix for OAK (GO28915)

  This dataset contains log2(TPM + 1) for 699 tumor samples profiled by RNA-seq for the entire transcriptome for samples originating from OAK (GO28915).

  Dataset EGAD00001008391

• Sequencing data for oesophageal and related samples - Abbas et al (RNA)

  Data supporting: "Mutational signature dynamics shaping the evolution of oesophageal adenocarcinoma" Abbas et al (RNA for 197 samples)

  Dataset EGAD00001011269

• ICGC PRAD-CA WGS fastq

  Raw lane level fastq files from Whole genome sequencing in support of ICGC PRAD-CA Variant calls

  Dataset EGAD00001003957

• Transcription factor binding in human monocyte differentiation

  This dataset consists of ChIP-seq data data from human monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells as well as monocyte-derived cells that were subjected to mRNA transfection for PU.1, IRF4, and EGR2. In total, it the data set includes 18 samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001006602

• Log2 normalized TPM matrix for POPLAR (GO28753)

  This dataset contains log2(TPM + 1) for 192 tumor samples profiled by RNA-seq for the entire transcriptome for samples originating from POPLAR (GO28753).

  Dataset EGAD00001008390

• Whole transcriptome profiling of osteosarcoma

  This dataset contains 86 osteosarcoma samples and their matched normals that underwent RNA sequencing using size fractionation, NuGEN Ovation Ultralow Library System V2 preparation, and paired-end sequencing on Illumina HiSeq 2000.

  Dataset EGAD00001008435

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A95634A

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient-derived xenograft SA1091A passage 1 on DLP+ library A95634A

  Dataset EGAD00001009323

• SF12264 snRNA-Seq Primary GBM

  Single Nuclei RNA-Seq Primary GBM. Gender Female Age 51. Single Nuclei RNA seq from high grade primary glioma sample. NovaSeq6000 was used for RNA seq. The files uploaded are bam files created with grch38 reference.

  Dataset EGAD00001005410

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A108765A

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient-derived xenograft SA1181A passage 1 on DLP library A108765A

  Dataset EGAD00001009428

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A95621B

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for triple negative breast cancer patient-derived xenograft SA501 passage 2 on DLP+ library A95621B

  Dataset EGAD00001009487

• Whole genome sequencing and somatic mutation profiles and whole genome transcription files of pediatric medulloblastoma

  Fastq, Mutect (SNVs), Platypus (indels), and InfoGenomeR (SVs and CNAs) calls from whole genome sequencing data and fastq files of whole genome transcription data of five patients with pediatric medulloblastoma.

  Dataset EGAD00001009507

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A95650A

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient-derived xenograft SA1052J passage 1 on DLP+ library A95650A

  Dataset EGAD00001009325

• Variants from a subset of genes from WES of adult AML patient samples

  Dataset comprises one vcf file containing variants from a list of genes (DNA repair and metabolism associated genes) subset from WES of an adult AML cohort. The cohort contains 145 patient samples. WES was performed using Illumina platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001008700

• Bulk mRNA sequencing of GBM cell lines

  We expressed PDGFRAmut, wild-type PDGFRA and a GFP control from lentivirus, in two primary GBM patient-derived cell lines that we had cultured as monolayers.

  Dataset EGAD00001002269

• Ewings sarcoma sequencing data

  This dataset contains samples from 5 patients with ewings sarcoma. 5 samples have whole exome tumor data. 1 sample has tumor RNAseq data. 4 samples have matched normal dna sequence data

  Dataset EGAD00001008282

• CBD-RAW-SC-ATAC: 10X Single-Cell ATAC

  Raw Illumina sequencing data from single-cell ATACSeq experiments. For further information regarding this dataset, please contact Julian Knight and Tatjana Sauka-Spengler at contact@combat.ox.ac.uk.

  Dataset EGAD00001007963

• CancerSEEK ctDNA FASTQ files

  Sequencing data from 1,005 cancer patients and 812 healthy controls. All samples prepared using Safe-SeqS technology and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq and/or HiSeq instrument. Paired FASTQ files for correspond to read 1 and the index read present (R and I respectively).

  Dataset EGAD00001003931

• SNV vcf files for CPCG Subclonal Heterogeneity in multiple and single regions

  SNV calls generated using the MuTect-Battenberg-PhyloWGS from the CPC-GENE Subclonal Heterogeneity study using single and multiple regions

  Dataset EGAD00001004434

• SNV vcf files for CPCG Subclonal Heterogeneity in multiple and single regions

  SNV calls generated using the SomaticSniper-Battenberg-PhyloWGS from the CPC-GENE Subclonal Heterogeneity study using single and multiple regions

  Dataset EGAD00001004432

• CNA vcf files for CPCG Subclonal Heterogeneity in multiple and single regions

  CNA calls generated using the MuTect-TITAN-PhyloWGS from the CPC-GENE Subclonal Heterogeneity study using single and multiple regions

  Dataset EGAD00001004442

• CNA vcf files for CPCG Subclonal Heterogeneity in multiple and single regions

  CNA calls generated using the MuTect-Battenberg-PhyloWGS from the CPC-GENE Subclonal Heterogeneity study using single and multiple regions

  Dataset EGAD00001004443

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A95717A

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient-derived xenograft SA1096A passage 1 on DLP+ library A95717A

  Dataset EGAD00001009450

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A96189A

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient-derived xenograft SA1049C passage 1 on DLP+ library A96189A

  Dataset EGAD00001009465

• CLL2 dataset used in FLTseq paper

  This dataset contains CLL2 data used in FLTseq paper. The dataset contains the data of CITEseq, FLTseq, RaCHseq, Exonseq and bulk RNAseq.

  Dataset EGAD00001008114

• Clinical data

  Clinical data from GO30140 group A and group F and IMBrave150 biomarker populations including gender, confirmed RECIST response by independent review forum (IRF), overall survival (OS), progression survival by IRF, treatment group and treatment

  Dataset EGAD00001008130

• Neuroblastoma deep-sequencing dataset part2

  Dataset including paired tumor-normal whole-genome deep-sequenced samples from 18 neuroblastoma patients (part 2 of a total of 36 patients).

  Dataset EGAD00001010063

• HV31 - De novo assembly of eight immune system regions

  De novo assembly of eight immune system regions for individual HV31, generated using a multi-platform pipeline. A full description of the generation of these assemblies can be found at https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.03.429586.

  Dataset EGAD00001007050

• SNV vcf files for CPCG Subclonal Heterogeneity in multiple and single regions

  SNV calls generated using the SomaticSniper-TITAN-PhyloWGS from the CPC-GENE Subclonal Heterogeneity study using single and multiple regions

  Dataset EGAD00001004431

• cell-free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing data for samples from liver transplant recpients with graft pathologies

  Bam and indexed bam files after removal of duplicates and trimming of the unique molecular identifiers. Sequencing was performed on NovaSeq 6000 platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001010305

• CNA vcf files for CPCG Subclonal Heterogeneity in multiple and single regions

  CNA calls generated using the SomaticSniper-TITAN-PhyloWGS from the CPC-GENE Subclonal Heterogeneity study using single and multiple regions

  Dataset EGAD00001004441

• CITE-Seq (Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing) of CLL_24

  To explore intratumor-heterogeneity of CLL_24 using single-cell multi-omics approach, we generated single-cell CITE-seq data for CLL_24, coupling scRNA-seq and protein surface marker measurements with oligo-tagged antibodies.

  Dataset EGAD00001009174

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A98279A

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient-derived xenograft SA1050A passage 1, patient SA1234 on DLP+ library A98279A

  Dataset EGAD00001009486

• Dataset HCV positive lymphoma whole exome sequencing

  This dataset contains 68 BAM files from matched normal-tumor pairs of HCV positive lymphoma analyzed by exome sequencing on Ilumina platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001009786

• Single Cell Genome Sequence for DLP+ library A95629B

  Single Cell Genome Sequence for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient-derived xenograft SA1051D passage 1 on DLP+ library A95629B

  Dataset EGAD00001009320

• SNV vcf files for CPCG Subclonal Heterogeneity in multiple and single regions

  SNV calls generated using the MuTect-TITAN-PhyloWGS from the CPC-GENE Subclonal Heterogeneity study using single and multiple regions

  Dataset EGAD00001004433

• Skin Fibroblast Transcriptome of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

  Comparative analysis of transcriptomes of skin fibroblasts in 17 Type 2 Diabetic individuals by RNA sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001004980

• SF11979 snATAC seq IDHR132H Wildtype GBM Female

  SF11979 snATAC, IDHR132H WT GBM Female, 76 Single Nuclei ATAC seq data from high grade human glioma samples. NovaSeq6000 was used for ATAC seq. The files uploaded are bam files created with grch38 reference.

  Dataset EGAD00001005418

• HEMa_LP

  This dataset contain WGBS sequencing result of HEMa_LP. The cells were cultured in Medium 254 supplemented with PMA-Free Human Melanocyte Growth Supplement-2 (HMGS-2) under 37°C,5% CO2.

  Dataset EGAD00001005486

• Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy type 1 in Sri Lankan and Indian families

  Whole genome sequencing data from four affected and one unaffected individuals from two families with familial adult myoclonic epilepsy, one of Sri Lankan origin and one of Indian origin. BAM files aligned to hg19 reference genome.

  Dataset EGAD00001005777

• 1000IBD.eQTL.study.release.eQTLsummary&GeneTable

  eQTLsummary&GeneTable from eQTL study in 299 intestinal biopsy samples from IBD

  Dataset EGAD00001006789

• HV31 - PacBio long-read circular consensus (CCS) senquencing

  PacBio long-read circular consensus (CCS) sequencing data for individual HV31 generated on PacBio Sequel II instrument, using size-selected (10-15 kb) DNA from CD14+ monocytes, to a sequencing depth of ~12×. Sequencing was performed at the Wellcome Sanger Institute.

  Dataset EGAD00001006979

• Sequencing data for oesophageal / related samples - Kazachenka et al (RNA)

  Data supporting: "The transcriptional landscape of endogenous retroelements delineates esophageal adenocarcinoma subtypes" RNAseq for 279 samples

  Dataset EGAD00001011076

• DNA WGS Short Read Sequence (Illumina NovaSeq) for manuscript titled: "Performance of Somatic Structural Variant Calling in Lung Cancer using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology"

  DNA WGS Short Read Sequence (Illumina NovaSeq) for manuscript titled: "Performance of Somatic Structural Variant Calling in Lung Cancer using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology"

  Dataset EGAD00001015399

• Angelman, Rett, Prader-Willi Syndrome Consortium (ARP) Rett Syndrome Natural History Protocol

  This observational study will involve the comprehensive assessment of the clinical features of Rett syndrome with this Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. A clinical database of 1350 individuals with Rett syndrome including MECP2 mutation status for the purpose of elaborating phenotype-genotype correlations will be established. Eligible participants will be enrolled in the natural history study for 11 years from the 4 clinic sites currently involved with Rett syndrome (BCM, GGC, and UAB, CHB) as well as from the several thousand registrants in the International Rett Syndrome Foundation registry who will be invited to the nearest consortium site involved in Rett syndrome. Potential participants are expected to have had determination of their MECP2 mutation status, but will not be excluded should no mutation be present. All individuals who meet criteria and are currently receiving care from study sites will be invited to participate (N>600). Additional participants will be invited through the assistance of the International Rett Syndrome Foundation (IRSF). All individuals with RS registered with IRSF will be invited to participate in this study via the IRSF website and the IRSF newsletter. Potential participants will be apprised of the participating study sites and invited to contact one of the sites based on feasibility of travel. Inasmuch as the enrollment goal of 1350 participants is 40% of the current IRSF registry, we believe this will be a representative sampling. Bias can certainly occur based on travel requirements, level of interest, and other factors. However, inclusion of such a large sample should minimize sampling bias. No travel expenses will be covered, so it is likely that participants will be those with geographic proximity to Houston, Greenwood, Birmingham, or Boston. From the sample pool described above, the aim is to conduct the observational longitudinal (natural history) study on up to 1350 participants with classic Rett syndrome and variant forms of Rett syndrome, that is, participants who fully meet the established clinical criteria for Rett syndrome and those who meet some but not all of these criteria. All participants expressing MECP2 mutations irrespective of phenotype will be eligible for enrollment. For each of the eight common genetic mutations as well as those with large scale deletions, the prevalence of the following RS characteristics will be estimated for each age category and overall: seizure presence and frequency, ambulation status, scoliosis, ECG abnormality, breathing irregularities while awake, feeding difficulties, growth as measured in percentiles from NCHS standards curves, the presence of osteopenia as evidenced by bone fracture, and the presence of gallbladder disease. Both incidence and prevalence estimates will be made using a combination of data obtained at the regularly scheduled clinical visits and that obtained from the medical history. Incidence estimates will be calculated using time-to-event analyses (e.g., Kaplan-Meier survival curves) with appropriate calculations of standard errors and 95% confidence intervals. Cox proportional hazard regression models will be used to allow control for other factors, and t-tests will be calculated on the coefficients themselves. Appropriate transformations on explanatory variables will be used as deemed necessary in Cox models. Prevalence estimates will be calculated from estimates of proportions with exact confidence intervals. For a sample size of 275, the standard error of the estimate will not exceed 0.03 (3%) and for a sample size of 60, the standard error of the estimate will not exceed 0.06 (6%).

  Study phs000574

• Small molecule inhibitors of LOXL synergize with 5-AZA to restore erythropoiesis in myeloid neoplasms

  Objectives: Bone marrow (BM) stroma and microenvironmental factors in the BM milieu of myeloid neoplasms are increasingly being recognized as novel perspective therapeutic targets. Lysyl oxidases (LOX/LOXL) are crucial enzymes that cross-link collagen and contribute to the deposition of aberrant stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) in the BM of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Here, we studied whether inhibition of LOX/LOXL enzymes produced by BM-derived MSCs favors the differentiation of MDS/MPN hematopoietic stem cell and progenitor cells (HPSCs) and enhances the effects of 5-azacytidine (5-AZA). Methods: Primary co-cultures of MSCs and HPSCs were established from n=31 MDS/MPN patients and treated with the pan-LOX/LOXL inhibitor PXS-5505, 5-AZA or the combination of both for 4 days. At the end of co-culture, HSPC differentiation was assessed by CFU assays and flow cytometry. In some of the experiments, MSCs monolayers were pre-treated or not with PXS-5505 for 6 days and decellularized using 20 mM ammonia. Subsequently, autologous HSPCs were cultured on ECM matrices in the presence of 5-AZA or PXS-5505 + 5-AZA combination with or without inhibitors of integrin signaling such as blebbistatin, Y-27632 and αvβ3-integrin blocking antibodies. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were established in NSG mice based on intrafemoral co-injection of HSPCs and autologous MSCs. PDX were treated with 3 cycles of 5-AZA (75 mg/m2), PXS-5505 (30 mg/kg on alternate days for the duration of 5-AZA treatment) or combination of both. Results: MSCs of MDS and MPN patients displayed significant overexpression of LOX/LOXL transcripts as compared to healthy age-matched controls. Remarkably, LOX/LOXL inhibition in MSCs/HSPCs co-cultures increased erythroid differentiation of patient HSPCs that had suboptimal or no response to 5-AZA alone. From a total of n=31 advanced stage MDS/MPN patients, n=11 (35.5%) responded to the combination treatment, which was evidenced by a significant increase of CD235a+CD45- erythroid cell production compared to 5-AZA/PXS/untreated arms (p<0.05). Of note, combination treatment with 5-AZA + PXS-5505 facilitated differentiation of CD235+ erythroid progenitors from HSPCs sub-clones with low mutational VAFs. The presence of MSCs was necessary for the effects of the combination treatment and required direct cell contacts between MSCs and HSPCs. Moreover, PXS-5505-mediated alterations of the ECM composition alone were sufficient to induce erythroid differentiation. Inhibition of integrin-mediated signaling using blebbistatin, Y-27632 and αvβ3-integrin antibodies completely abrogated the effects of PXS-5505 induced erythroid differentiation. In vivo, the combination of PXS-5505 + 5-AZA favored erythroid differentiation of HSPCs and confirmed the in-vitro results. The combination treatment of 5-AZA + PXS-5505 induced the greatest reduction of disease burden as assessed by decrease of spleen indexes, total engraftment rates, BM fibrosis and mutational VAF profiles. Conclusions: The combination of 5-AZA + LOX/LOXL inhibitor PXS-5505 in MDS and MPN synergistically restores erythropoietic differentiation of primary HSPCs. The effect is dependent of contact interaction between HSPCs and niche components, such as MSCs and MSCs-derived ECM. Our data propose a strong rationale for a BM niche targeted combination treatment with 5-AZA + PXS-5505 in transfusion dependent MDS and MPN, which will be assessed in forthcoming clinical trials.

  Study EGAS00001006174