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• Mult-omics Palbociclib Resistance Study in HR+/HER2– Metastatic Breast Cancer

  This study is multi-omics study of a Asian longitudinal metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cohort treated with palbociclib plus endocrine therapy. It contains NGS of baseline (BL) and progressive disease (PD) from 70 patients, consisting of 79 tumor/normal matched whole exome sequencing (WES) from 62 patients and 90 tumor whole transcriptome sequecing samples (WTS) from 70 patients. There were 56 BL biopsies profiled by WES and 64 by WTS; 23 PD biopsies were profiled by WES and 26 by WTS. Twenty and 23 patients had paired BL and PD biopsies profiled by WES and WTS, respectively.

  Dataset EGAD00001008314

• 59 CLPD-NK cases WGS & WTS data

  For the cohort of 59 samples, we performed TruSeq DNA PCR-Free whole-genome sequencing library preparation according to manufacturer’s instructions (llumina, ILMN, San Diego, CA) on the automated NGS Star liquid handling platform (Hamilton, Bonaduz, Switzerland) followed by 2x150 bp paired-end sequencing on the HiSeqX or NovaSeq6000 (ILMN). An average coverage of >100x was achieved. For whole transcriptome analysis, the TruSeq Total Stranded RNA kit was used, starting with 250 ng of total RNA, to generate RNA libraries following the manufacturer’s recommendations (ILMN). 2x100bp paired-end reads were sequenced on the NovaSeq 6000 with a median of 50 mio. reads per sample (ILMN).

  Dataset EGAD00001008558

• Clonal selection after gene therapy in sickle cell disease

  While gene therapy (GT) provides a potentially curative treatment option for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), the occurrence of myeloid malignancies in clinical trials has prompted concern. To interrogate potential mechanisms underlying increased cancer risk, we used hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clonal tracking by whole genome sequencing (WGS) to map the somatic mutation and clonal landscape of 2,592 gene modified as well as unmodified single stem and progenitor cells from six SCD patients undergoing gene therapy (7-26 years old, average 12.7× depth). Pre-GT phylogenetic trees in SCD were highly polyclonal and mutation burdens per cell were elevated in some, but not all, patients. Post-GT, no clonal expansions were identified. However, an increased frequency of driver mutations associated with myeloid neoplasms or clonal hematopoiesis (DNMT3A- and EZH2-mutated clones in particular) were seen in both genetically modified and unmodified cells suggested positive selection of mutant clones during gene therapy. This work sheds light on the mutation landscape and HSC clonal dynamics in gene therapy for SCD and highlights enhanced fitness of some HSCs harboring pre-existing driver mutations following gene therapy. Future studies should define the long-term fate of mutant clones including any contribution to expansions associated with myeloid neoplasms.

  Dataset EGAD00001010914

• Whole exome sequencing of tumors from the Precision Medicine Program in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Recurrent Malignancies

  Sequencing libraries were constructed according to standard procedures from 600 ng of tumor and paired constitutional DNA. WES was captured using Agilent SureSelect V5 (50 Mb), Clinical Research Exome (54 Mb) kit, SureSelect XT human All exon CRE version 1 or 2, or Twist Human Core Exome Enrichment System. Sequencing of subsequent libraries was performed using Illumina sequencers (Next-Seq 500 or Hiseq 2000/2500/4000) in 75 bp paired-end mode, aiming for a mean depth of coverage of 100x.

  Dataset EGAD00001010928

• Genomic Origins and Admixture in Latinos (GOAL)

  The GOAL Study was designed to comprehensively evaluate the genomic architecture of diverse Hispanic/Latino individuals with origins from the Caribbean, Central and South America, and to understand the impact of this diversity on genetic disease studies. Population structure and admixture are key confounders in genome-wide association and medical resequencing studies. In particular, accounting for difference in ancestry among cases and controls, both in terms of genomic and geographic location, is critical for proper analysis and interpretation of studies with multi- and trans-ethnic samples. Genomic studies of Hispanics/Latinos, the largest and fastest growing minority group in the US, reveal that they are a highly genetically heterogeneous admixed group with immense variation among individuals and populations in the proportions of African, European, and Native American ancestry. Knowledge of the underlying complex genetic structure of US Hispanic/Latino and Caribbean populations is, therefore, essential to ensuring robustness of genotype-phenotype associations and understanding the medical relevance of associated variants across diverse populations in the US and throughout the Americas. Furthermore, since much is known about the African and European migrations into the Americas over the past 500 years, population genetic studies of Hispanics/Latinos serve as an excellent model for developing novel algorithms and approaches for characterizing fine-scale genetic structure of admixed populations, in general. This project extends current studies of population genetic structure in US Hispanics/Latinos by densely genotyping parent-offspring triads from individuals (sampled in the US) of Caribbean-descent from six Latin American countries: Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras and Colombia. This study will provide immediate insights and new statistical methods to improve study design and genetic analysis for medical genomic studies in Hispanics/Latinos, other complex admixed groups, and multi- and trans-ethnic studies.

  Study phs000750

• NHLBI TOPMed: GOLDN Epigenetic Determinants of Lipid Response to Dietary Fat and Fenofibrate

  The GOLDN study was initiated to assess how genetic factors interact with environmental (diet and drug) interventions to influence blood levels of triglycerides and other atherogenic lipid species and inflammation markers (registered at clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00083369). The study recruited Caucasian participants primarily from three-generational pedigrees from two NHLBI Family Heart Study (FHS) field centers (Minneapolis, MN and Salt Lake City, UT). Only families with at least two siblings were recruited and only participants who did not take lipid-lowering agents (pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals) for at least 4 weeks prior to the initial visit were included. The diet intervention followed the protocol of Patsch et al. (1992). The whipping cream (83% fat) meal had 700 Calories/m2 body surface area (2.93 mJ/m2 body surface area): 3% of calories were derived from protein (instant nonfat dry milk) and 14% from carbohydrate (sugar). The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat was 0.06 and the cholesterol content of the average meal was 240 mg. The mixture was blended with ice and flavorings. Blood samples were drawn immediately before (fasting) and at 3.5 and 6 hours after consuming the high-fat meal. The diet intervention was administered at baseline as well as after a 3-week treatment with 160 mg micronized fenofibrate. Participants were given the option to complete one or both (diet and drug) interventions. Of all participants, 1079 had phenotypic data and provided appropriate consent, and underwent whole genome sequencing through the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. Comprehensive phenotypic and pedigree data for GOLDN study participants are available through dbGaP phs000741.

  Study phs001359

• GEnetics of Nephropathy - an International Effort (GENIE) GWAS of Diabetic Nephropathy in the UK GoKinD and All-Ireland Cohorts

  Diabetic kidney disease, or diabetic nephropathy (DN), is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease in the United States and worldwide. DN is a common complication of long-standing type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The clinical course is characterized by development of proteinuria and gradual loss of kidney function. Although existing treatments that decrease proteinuria have been shown to moderately abate progression of diabetic kidney disease, many affected patients, who do not die from cardiovascular disease, go on to develop terminal renal failure, necessitating costly renal replacement therapies, such as dialysis and renal transplantation. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can have its onset in childhood and affected individuals often develop end-stage renal disease in early adulthood, leading to further loss of quality of life. The genetic basis of the disease is not well understood. The GENIE (GEnetics of Nephropathy an International Effort) consortium was initiated to perform the most comprehensive and well powered DN susceptibility genome wide association study (GWAS) analysis to date, using the largest collection of type 1 diabetics with and without kidney disease across four study cohorts. The UK-ROI samples were genotyped as part of this project. UK-ROI Sample Description The UK-ROI collection consists of samples derived from the Republic of Ireland (Dr. Catherine Godson, PI, at University College, Dublin, Ireland) and the United Kingdom (Warren 3 and Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes UK, UK GoKinD, Dr. Alexander P. Maxwell, PI, at Queen's University of Belfast, UK). All study subjects met the inclusion criteria: white individuals with T1D, diagnosed before 31 years of age, whose parents and grandparents were born in the British Isles.

  Study phs000389

• Characterization of Human Transcriptome by Computational and HTS Approaches

  We have deeply sequenced total RNA and whole exome of six different post-mortem human snap-frozen tissues (brain, liver, lung, striated muscle, kidney, heart) from three unrelated healthy Caucasian individuals (males, aged 47-54) with the aim to characterize post-transcriptional events due to alternative splicing and RNA editing. In addition, to facilitate the detection of RNA editing sites we have also resequenced the entire genome of each individual. Data are also used to investigate tissue-specific abundance of mitochondrial DNA from exomes and its correlation with mitochondrial transcription, mass and respiratory activity. Tissues were obtained from Cureline (South San Francisco, CA, USA). DNA and RNA were purified using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and the RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), respectively. Exome capture was performed using the TruSeq Exome Enrichment Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) and the sequencing was carried out at IGA Technology Services in Udine (Italy) on Illumina HiSeq 2000 (generating for each tissue approximately 40 millions of 100bp paired-end reads). Strand-oriented RNA reads (2x100bp) were generated using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) and sequenced at IGA Technology Services in Udine (Italy) on Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Whole genome resequencing was performed at Personal Genomics in Italy on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform (2x100bp) with a mean coverage of 30X. MiRNA-Seq was instead performed at IBBE Institute (Italy) using the TruSeq Small RNA Sample Prep Kit on Illumina MiSeq platform. Preliminary bioinformatics analyses have been performed to check quality using FASTQC software and inconsistent read regions have been trimmed using trim_galore. All reads were mapped onto the human reference genome (version hg19) using GSNAP.

  Study phs000870

• PROstate Cancer Medically Optimized Genome Enhanced ThErapy (PROMOTE) of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) Patients Treated with Abiraterone Acetate

  The Prostate Cancer Medically Optimized Genome-Enhanced Therapy (PROMOTE) study uses genetic clues in castration-resistant prostate cancer that may identify an individualized treatment approach for men with the disease. Understanding the molecular biology behind castration-resistant prostate cancer has led to more treatment options, but there are still no definite conclusions about which specific drug best treats patients - maximum suppression of cancer growth while minimizing side effects. The PROMOTE study explores the genetic characteristics of each tumor to predict these treatment paradigms for the future, resulting in more effective and less toxic options for patients. Our long-term goal is to improve treatments for men with advanced prostate cancer by using genomic sequencing to increase life span and quality of life. We also will uncover novel vulnerable targets in the cancer genome that may provide new drug therapies. PARTICIPATION Eligible participants are men: With castration-resistant prostate cancer or prostate cancer not responding to hormone treatments About to begin abiraterone acetate therapy Agreeable to undergoing two tumor biopsies During the study, participants travel to Mayo Clinic for an initial biopsy (before beginning abiraterone acetate) and a second biopsy approximately three months later. The cell tissue collected is analyzed to identify gene alterations in the tumor that could eventually be targeted with treatments. Tissue is preserved for future research. Participants can continue to be treated by their local cancer care team during this period and beyond. In addition, the Mayo team carefully monitors participants' cancer via follow-up studies and the genetic signature of tumors that were biopsied so that patients may benefit from future treatments.

  Study phs001141

• National Cancer Institute (NCI) Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS)

  Within the framework of the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph) Consortium and NCI-sponsored Cohort Consortium, investigators from 22 studies came together to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The goal of the study was to identify common genetic variants associated with the risk of NHL. As described previously (Berndt SI et al., Nature Genetics, 2013, PMID: 23770605 ), cases and controls from 22 studies, including nine prospective cohort studies, eight population-based case-control studies, and five clinic or hospital-based case-control studies were included in this effort. Cases of NHL were ascertained from cancer registries, clinics or hospitals, or through self-report verified by medical and pathology reports. The phenotype information for all NHL cases was reviewed centrally at the InterLymph Data Coordinating Center and harmonized according to the hierarchical classification proposed by the InterLymph Pathology Working Group based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (2008). Controls were frequency matched to cases on age and gender by study, and the study was limited to subjects of European ancestry. Participants were genotyped using the Illumina Omni Express. The NCI Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma GWAS is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-studies. To view genotypes and derived variables collected in these sub-studies, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-studies" box located on the right hand side of this top-level study page phs000801 NCI Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma GWAS. phs000802 NCI Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma GWAS: CLL phs000818 NCI Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma GWAS: Controls phs000889 NCI Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma GWAS: DLBCL phs000890 NCI Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma GWAS: FL phs000891 NCI Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma GWAS: MZL

  Study phs000801

• Non-coding RNAs Activated by the Wnt/Beta-catenin Signaling Pathway in Hepatoblastoma

  Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver tumor, affecting mostly children under 3 years of age. This rare tumor represents 1% of all pediatric cancers. Genetic studies have shown that HB is characterized by high frequency mutations of the CTNNB1 gene encoding beta-catenin (around 75%) and relative genomic stability. Here we have analyzed the transcriptional profile of 21 HBs compared to matched non-tumor livers by Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE), which provides accurate and quantitative profiling of all transcripts. CAGE analysis revealed strong upregulation of known Wnt target coding genes in most tumors analyzed, consistent with previous transcriptomic studies. To better define the Wnt-dependent transcriptional landscape of HB, we integrated CAGE data with TCF4 ChIP-seq data from a CTNNB1-mutated cancer cell line and with the FANTOM5 genomic coordinates of TCF/LEF binding motifs. Both TCF/LEF binding motifs and ChIP-seq peaks were strongly enriched in the immediate upstream region, not only for protein-coding genes, but also for non-coding transcripts. Among the selected 112 top Wnt target genes at FDR<1.0E-6 and fold change>8, we found clear over-representation (66%) of distant transcription start sites (TSSs) representing lncRNAs and enhancer RNAs, which raises the question of their role in HB pathogenesis. Analysis of the 112 promoters using CAGEd-oPOSSUM confirmed the predominant involvement of Tcf/Lef transcription factors, together with HNF4G, GATA2, Sox3 and Ets-related genes. Finally, the 112 Wnt target signature defined 3 tumor subclasses, T1, T2 and T3, characterized by progressive alteration of the non-coding part of the transcriptome and significant differences in clinical behavior.

  Study phs001433

• Intraductal transplantation models of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveal progressive transition of molecular subtypes

  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal common malignancy, with little improvement in patient outcomes over the past few decades. Recently, subtypes of pancreatic cancer with different prognoses have been elaborated. However, the inability to model these subtypes has precluded mechanistic investigation of their origins. Here, we present an orthotopic xenotransplantation model of human patient-derived PDAC organoids in which organoids are grafted via direct injection into the pancreatic duct of immunocompromised (NSG) mice. Tumors that arise from these intraductally grafted organoids (IGOs) enable the distinction of the two main PDAC subtypes: intraepithelial neoplasms from this model progress in an indolent or invasive manner representing the classical or basal-like subtypes of PDAC, respectively, depending on which organoid they originate from. RNA-sequencing was used to characterize the tumors that resulted from IGO xenografts, and to compare the fast- and slow-progressing IGO tumors. Tumors generated using a traditional orthotopic xenograft model, in which organoids are injected into the parenchyma of the pancreas (i.e. orthotopically grafted organoids, or OGOs), were also sequenced for comparison with the IGO tumors. To further characterize the model, laser-capture microdissection followed by RNA-sequencing was used to compare intraductal to invasive lesions resulting from IGOs. To better understand the connection between KRAS signaling and the fast-progressing phenotype, RNA-sequencing was used to compare cultured organoids in which oncogenic KRAS (GeneID: 3845) was hyperactivated to control organoids, and to compare laser-capture microdissected lesions derived from IGOs of KRAS-hyperactivated organoids to lesions derived from control organoids. To ascertain copy number, low-coverage, whole genome DNA-sequencing was performed on organoids cultured in vitro, and on laser-capture microdissected lesions derived from IGO tumors.

  Study phs002045

• Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy Through Inactivation of Antigen Presentation

  Although immune checkpoint blockade (CPB) leads to prolonged responses in 15-40% of patients with metastatic melanoma, treatment refractory disease and progression after initial response remain major causes of mortality. While predictors of response have been reported, the common mechanisms of both primary and acquired resistance are poorly understood. To identify mechanisms of resistance and examine the evolving landscape in response to CPB, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) of longitudinal tumor biopsies from 17 metastatic melanoma patients treated with various CPB therapies. We found no significant changes in both mutational and neoantigen loads over time between responders and nonresponders. However, we identified abnormalities in one gene, beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), an essential component of MHC Class I antigen presentation, that were present in samples during disease progression but not regression. In total, we identified B2M aberrations in 29.4% of patients, including multiple early frameshift mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) overlapping B2M, and absence of tumor-specific B2M protein expression. Additional defects in the antigen presentation and IFNγ pathways were identified but were not restricted to progressing lesions in our cohort. In two independent cohorts of 105 and 38 melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) and pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) respectively, we found that B2M LOH was enriched 3-fold in nonresponders (~30%) vs. responders (~10%) and associated with poorer overall survival (log-rank p=0.01, p=0.006). Loss of both copies of B2M was found only in nonresponders. We also found evidence for association of LOH overlapping IFNGR1 with poorer overall survival exclusively in the anti-PD1 cohort. Thus, B2M loss is likely a common mechanism of primary and acquired resistance to therapies targeting CTLA4 or PD-1.

  Study phs001427

• The Role of Germline Mutation and Parental Age in Autism Spectrum Disorders

  <p>We will apply whole genome sequencing of trio families to determine how patterns of germline mutation throughout the genome determine risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We will investigate the nature intrinsic hypermutability and the extrinsic forces, such as paternal age, that influence rates of germline mutation. We will accomplish these goals through the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1 will characterize germline de novo mutations (DNMs) by whole genome sequencing in families. These studies will identify and validate ~8,000 de novo point mutations and structural variants in trios and controls to determine the parent of origin of DNMs. Specific Aim 2 will identify hot spots for germline mutation based on the regional density of DNMs in the genome, and determine the effects of DNA sequence features on rates of mutation. We will determine the association of mutation hotspots with ASD in the discovery sample and in genomic datasets from an independent sample of 2700 cases and 2700 controls. Specific Aim 3 will characterize the effects of extrinsic factors, including parental age and environment, on genome-wide rates of mutation. We will quantify the effect of paternal age on pathogenic and neutral alleles in sperm and investigate whether some DNMs confer a germline selective advantage. The findings of this study will provide fundamental insights into the genetic basis of autism risk and the genetic mechanism of the observed parental age effects in ASD. We will identify genes that confer significant risk for autism, and we will determine how intrinsic properties of the genome interact with extrinsic forces to determining risk for disease in offspring.

  Study phs001164

• The Human Pancreas Analysis Program (HPAP)

  The past decade has seen a dramatic improvement in our ability to phenotype and molecularly profile human tissues with unprecedented resolution at the genomic, epigenomic, protein, and functional levels. The Human Pancreas Analysis Program (HPAP), part of the Human Islet Research Network and supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) through multiple NIH grants, is performing deep phenotyping of the human endocrine pancreas to better understand the cellular and molecular events that precede and lead to beta-cell loss and/or dysfunction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as to accumulate, analyze, and distribute high-value data sets to the diabetes research community through the HPAP PANC-DB database (and additional details provided at that site). To this end, HPAP employs state-of-the-art technologies to perform comprehensive analyses of pancreas biology as it pertains to organ donors with T1D, autoantibody-positive donors without diabetes, donors with T2D, and control donors. Pancreas procurement and analyses take advantage of the expertise and extensive network of Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) and autoantibody screening centers established through the JDRF/The Lenona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (HCT) – funded nPOD program. In contrast to nPOD, the major product provided by HPAP is not archived biomaterial subject to broad distribution, but rather, the delivery of extensive and high-quality molecular data sets to the diabetes research community in order to facilitate further discovery. Together, nPOD and HPAP are complementary programs that assist the diabetes community and afford the maximal opportunity for advancing knowledge about the pathogenesis of T1D and T2D.

  Study phs002465

• Genomic Profiling of Pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  Pediatric leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer and, despite tremendous progress in treatment, remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in children. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common type of pediatric leukemia. Recent studies using transcriptional profiling of large cohorts of pediatric B-ALL have shown that patients can be grouped into transcriptional subtypes that are often defined by specific driver mutations. Interestingly, many of these mutational subtypes are defined by gene fusions or rearrangements that drive altered expression of transcription factors (ETV6-RUNX1, PAX5, DUX4, TCF3-PBX1, ZNF384) or in chromatin regulatory machinery (KMT2A), suggesting that transcriptional dysregulation is a major driver of B-ALL. While the transcriptional distinctions are clear, the relationship between patients in terms of their chromatin regulatory landscape remains unclear. To address this, we profiled gene expression, open chromatin, and 3D genome folding in patient derived B-ALL samples. We identified that at the level of 3D genome organization, many chromatin interactions and looping events are shared across mutational subtypes, suggesting that shared transcriptional programs, in addition to group specific driver mutations, possibly regulate the chromatin landscape in B-ALL. Using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data, we were able to identify "latent" signatures of expression related to non-mutant transcription factors (TFs) that also contribute to expression heterogeneity across TF subtypes. These are related to patient specific patterns of 3D genome folding, and in some cases, are predictive of disease outcomes. This study helps shed light on the chromatin landscape in B-ALL and furthers our understanding of the interactions between diverse mutant TFs that drive B-ALL and non-mutant TFs that help shape the B-ALL chromatin landscape.

  Study phs003226

• Impact of Genetic Variation on Response to GO Therapy in COG-AML Trials AAML03P1 and AAML0531

  The 340 de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients (ages 1 month to 21 years) were enrolled in COG-AAML03P1 (NCT00070174). Everyone received standard chemotherapy regimen of ara-C, daunorubicin and etoposide (ADE) with addition of one 3 mg/m2 dose of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) in induction 1 as well as in intensification II phase. The 1022 de novo AML patients (ages 0–30 years) were enrolled in COG-AAML0531 (NCT01407757). They were randomly assigned to receive either the standard ADE regimen (ADE arm, n = 511) or with the addition of one 3 mg/m2 dose of GO, during induction I as well as intensification II phase (ADE+GO arm, n = 511). Detailed study design, treatment regimen, and clinical outcomes of these two trials have been previously published (Cooper TM, Franklin J, Gerbing RB, et al., PMID:21766293 and Gamis AS, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S, et al., PMID:25092781). The current study used genomic DNA from 1,225 pediatric patients treated in these two trials with 470 patients treated with standard chemotherapy in COG-AAML0531 (ADE arm) and 755 patients treated with addition of GO to standard therapy in COG-AAML03P1 and COG-AAML0531 trials (ADE+GO arm). The 132 SNPs in 42 genes within DNA-damage repair (DDR) pathways or genes implicated in mediating calicheamicin were selected for genotyping. These SNPs were genotyped using the Sequenom platform at the Biomedical Genomics Center, University of Minnesota. All SNPs had a call rate of more than 0.98 and were in accordance with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These genotypes were used to test for association with clinical endpoints as defined in the COG-AAML03P1 and COG-AAML0531 trials.

  Study phs003490

• Cholesterol homeostasis and lipid raft dynamics at the basis of tumor-induced immune dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  Autologous T-cell therapies show limited efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where acquired immune dysfunction prevails. In CLL, disturbed mitochondrial metabolism has been linked to defective T-cell activation and proliferation. Recent research suggests that lipid metabolism regulates mitochondrial function and differentiation in T cells, yet its role in CLL remains unexplored. This comprehensive study compares T-cell lipid metabolism in CLL patients and healthy donors, revealing critical dependence on exogenous cholesterol for human T-cell expansion following TCR-mediated activation. Using multi-omics and functional assays, we found that T cells present in viably frozen samples of patients with CLL (CLL T cells) showed impaired adaptation to cholesterol deprivation and inadequate upregulation of key lipid metabolism transcription factors. CLL T cells exhibited altered lipid storage, with increased triacylglycerols and decreased cholesterol, and inefficient fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Functional consequences of reduced FAO in T cells were studied using samples from patients with inherent FAO disorders. Reduced FAO was associated with lower T-cell activation but did not affect proliferation. This implicates low cholesterol levels as a primary factor limiting T-cell proliferation in CLL. Consequently, CLL T cells displayed fewer and less clustered lipid rafts, potentially explaining the impaired immune synapse formation observed in these patients. Our findings highlight significant disruptions in lipid metabolism as drivers of functional deficiencies in CLL T cells, underscoring the pivotal role of cholesterol in T-cell proliferation. This study suggests that modulating cholesterol metabolism could enhance T-cell function in CLL, presenting novel immunotherapeutic approaches to improve outcome in this challenging disease.

  Study EGAS50000000933

• CCR8-targeted specific depletion of clonally expanded Treg cells in tumor tissues evokes potent tumor immunity with long-lasting memory

  Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundantly infiltrating into tumor tissues, hindering effective anti-tumor immunity. Here, assuming that such tumor Tregs were clonally expanding by recognizing tumor-associated antigens, we attempted to characterize them by their gene expression profiling and T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotyping at the single-cell level. We found that they predominantly expressed the chemokine receptor CCR8: ~40% of tumor Tregs, less than 10% of Tregs in other tissues, and few tumor-infiltrating conventional T cells expressed CCR8 in mice and humans. CCR8+ tumor Tregs were phenotypically highly differentiated and functionally stable. One injection of anti-CCR8 mAb with high antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity was indeed able to specifically deplete clonally expanded tumor Tregs and thereby eradicate established tumors in mice. The depletion predominantly expanded tumor-infiltrating CD8+ effector T cells, which were different in activated or exhausted patterns from those seen after immune checkpoint blockade by anti-PD-1 mAb. The treatment also evoked potent secondary immune responses against the same tumor cell line inoculated several months after tumor eradication, indicating that the anti-CCR8-induced memory-type tumor-reactive effector T cells were, once induced, resistant to recovered Treg suppression. In contrast to such evocation of potent tumor immunity, anti-CCR8 treatment scarcely elicited discernable autoimmunity in mice, contrasting with a similar treatment for systemic whole Treg depletion, which induced histologically and serologically evident autoimmunity. Thus, temporary and specific depletion of clonally expanded Tregs in tumor tissues by cell-depleting anti-CCR8 mAb is sufficient to evoke potent tumor immunity with long-lasting memory and without serious autoimmunity.

  Study JGAS000312

• Comparison of capture-based method for transcriptome profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples

  Background: The need for fresh frozen (FF) tissue limits implementing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in the clinic. The majority of clinical samples are stored as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Exome capture platforms have been developed for RNA-seq from FFPE samples. However, these methods have not been systematically compared. Methods: Transcriptomic analysis of 32 FFPE tumor samples from 11 patients was performed using three exome capture-based methods: Agilent SureSelect V6, TWIST NGS Exome, and IDT XGen Exome Research Panel. We compared these methods to TruSeq RNA-seq of fresh frozen (FF-TruSeq) tumor samples from the same patients. We assessed the recovery of clinically relevant biological features. Results: The Spearman's correlation coefficients between the global expression profiles of the three capture-based methods from FFPE and matched FF-TruSeq were high (rho = 0.72-0.9, p < 0.05). A significant correlation between the expression of key immune genes between individual capture-based methods and FF-TruSeq (rho = 0.76-0.88, p < 0.05) was observed. All exome capture-based methods reliably detected outlier expression of actionable genes, including ERBB2, MET, NTRK1, and PPARG. In urothelial cancer samples, the Agilent assay was associated with the highest molecular subtype concordance with FF-TruSeq (Cohen's k = 0.7, p < 0.01). Both Agilent and IDT detected all the clinically relevant fusions that were initially identified in FF-TruSeq. Conclusion: All exome capture-based methods had comparable performance and concordance with FF-TruSeq. By enabling the interrogation of FFPE tumor samples, our findings will enable the implementation of RNA-seq in the clinic to guide precision oncology approaches.

  Study EGAS00001005255

• Stromal-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment-induced drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is thought to be mediated by intercellular interaction of leukemic cells with BM niches, but the mechanistic basis of resistance is poorly understood. Here, we genomic and functional analyses, we show that ALL-BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) interactions encompass direct cell-cell adhesion via integrin α4β1, uni-directional secretion of soluble factors from MSC to ALL, and bidirectional transfer of cellular vesicles through tunneling nanotubes. We show that this crosstalk drives an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like program in ALL cells adhering to MSC, thereby triggering stem cell-like features including drug resistance and survival advantage. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing of cell line and primary ALL samples identified a hybrid cell state derived from B-ALL adhered to MSC, that exhibits both B-ALL and MSC gene signatures that are orchestrated by an EMT-like program. Multiple EMT-activating pathways including WNT/β-catenin, cytokine/STAT3, TGFβ, NOTCH1, and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways are activated in MSC-adherent ALL cells; however, only the inhibition of either WNT/β-catenin or cytokine/STAT3 pathway could attenuate the survival and drug resistance of ALL cells adherent to MSC. Notably, we identified that this hybrid cell state exhibited elevated WNT/β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity. Finally, we show that blocking of the interaction of β-catenin and CBP interaction abrogates the survival and drug resistance of ALL cells adhered to MSC, indicating that targeting of an EMT-like program is potential therapeutic regimen in targeting cell extrinsically acquired drug resistance in ALL.

  Study EGAS00001006120

• The Genomic Landscape of Response to EGFR Blockade in Colorectal Cancer

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer world-wide with 1.2 million patients diagnosed yearly. In late stage CRC, the most commonly used targeted therapies are monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab, which inactivate EGFR. Recent studies have identified alterations in KRAS and other genes as likely mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapy. Despite these efforts, additional mechanisms of resistance to EGFR blockade are thought to be present in CRC and little is known about determinants of sensitivity to this therapy. To examine the effect of somatic genetic changes in CRC on response to anti-EGFR antibody therapy, we performed complete exome sequence and copy number analyses of 129 patient-derived tumorgrafts and targeted genomic analyses of 55 patient tumors, all of which were KRAS wild-type. We analyzed the response of tumors to anti-EGFR antibody blockade in tumorgraft models or in clinical settings. In addition to previously identified genes, we detected mutations in ERBB2, EGFR, FGFR1, PDGFRA, and MAP2K1 as potential mechanisms of primary resistance to this therapy. Novel alterations in the ectodomain of EGFR were identified in patients with acquired resistance to EGFR blockade. Amplifications and sequence changes in the tyrosine kinase receptor adaptor gene IRS2 were identified in tumors with increased sensitivity to anti-EGFR therapy. Therapeutic resistance to EGFR blockade could be overcome in tumorgraft models through combinatorial therapies targeting actionable genes. These analyses provide a systematic approach to evaluate response to targeted therapies in human cancer, highlight new mechanisms of responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapies, and provide new avenues for intervention in the management of CRC.

  Study EGAS00001001305

• An integrative model of pathway convergence in genetically heterogeneous blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

  Targeted therapies against the BCR-ABL1 kinase have revolutionized treatment of chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In contrast, management of blast crisis (BC) CML remains challenging because BC cells acquire complex molecular alterations that confer stemness features to progenitor populations and resistance to BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Comprehensive models of BC transformation have proved elusive because of the rarity and genetic heterogeneity of BC, but are important for developing biomarkers predicting BC progression and effective therapies. To better understand BC, we performed an integrated multiomics analysis of 74 CP and BC samples using whole-genome and exome sequencing, transcriptome and methylome profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing. Employing pathway-based analysis, we found the BC genome was significantly enriched for mutations affecting components of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC) pathway. While transcriptomically, BC progenitors were enriched and depleted for PRC1- and PRC2-related gene sets respectively. By integrating our data sets, we determined that BC progenitors undergo PRC-driven epigenetic reprogramming toward a convergent transcriptomic state. Specifically, PRC2 directs BC DNA hypermethylation, which in turn silences key genes involved in myeloid differentiation and tumor suppressor function via so-called epigenetic switching, whereas PRC1 represses an overlapping and distinct set of genes, including novel BC tumor suppressors. On the basis of these observations, we developed an integrated model of BC that facilitated the identification of combinatorial therapies capable of reversing BC reprogramming (decitabine+PRC1 inhibitors), novel PRC-silenced tumor suppressor genes (NR4A2), and gene expression signatures predictive of disease progression and drug resistance in CP.

  Study EGAS00001001751

• Integrative genomic profiling of hepatocellular adenomas reveals recurrent FRK activating mutations and mutational processes of malignant transformation

  Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are benign liver tumors predominantly developed in women using oral contraception. Here, exome sequencing identified novel recurrent somatic FRK mutations that induce constitutive kinase activity, STAT3 activation and cell proliferation sensitive to Src inhibitors. We also found new recurrent mutations activating JAK1, gp130 or ß-catenin. Chromosome copy-number and methylation profiling revealed patterns that correlated with specific gene mutations and tumor phenotypes. Finally, integrative analysis of HCA transformed to hepatocellular carcinoma revealed ß-catenin mutation as an early alteration and TERT promoter mutations as associated with the last step of the adenoma-carcinoma transition. In conclusion, we identified the genomic diversity in benign hepatocyte proliferation, new therapeutic targets and the key genomic determinants of the adenoma-carcinoma transformation sequence. Significance: Malignant transformation of benign adenoma into malignant carcinoma is frequently observed in several epithelial tumor types. Adenoma-carcinoma transition is crucial for the patient prognosis, however, little is known on the molecular mechanisms involved. Here, we performed an integrated genomic analysis of hepatocellular adenomas (HCA). Among several novel gene mutations, we identified recurrent somatic mutation activating FRK, a Src-like kinase. FRK activating mutations induce STAT3 activation and cell proliferation that can be targeted by Src inhibitors. Focusing on malignant transformation of HCA in hepatocellular carcinoma, we identified CTNNB1 and TERT promoter mutation as early and late genomic events involved in adenoma-carcinoma transition. In conclusion, we propose new therapeutic targets and an identification of adenomas with the highest risk of malignant transformation. Highlights: - FRK is activated by somatic recurrent mutations. - FRK mutants promote cell proliferation sensitive to src inhibitors. - CTNNB1 activation is an early event in HCA transformation. - TERT promoter mutations are associated with adenoma-carcinoma transition.

  Study EGAS00001000679

• Genome wide association study on coronary heart disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

  Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene cause familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a disorder characterized by coronary heart disease (CHD) at young age. We aimed to apply an extreme sampling method to enhance the statistical power to identify novel genetic risk variants for CHD in individuals with FH. We selected cases and controls with an extreme contrast in CHD risk from 17 000 FH patients from the Netherlands, whose functional LDLR mutation was unequivocally established. The genome-wide association (GWA) study was performed on 249 very young FH cases with CHD and 217 old FH controls without CHD (above 65 years for males and 70 years of age for females) using the Illumina HumanHap 550K chip. In the next stage, two independent samples (one from the Netherlands and one from Italy, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom) of FH patients were used as replication samples. In the initial GWA analysis we identified 29 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with suggestive associations with premature CHD (p<1×10-4). We examined the association of these SNPs with CHD risk in the replication samples. After Bonferroni correction, none of the SNPs either replicated or reached genome-wide significance after combining the discovery and replication samples. Therefore, we conclude that the genetics of CHD risk in FH is complex and even applying an ‘extreme genetics’ approach we did not identify new genetic risk variants. Most likely, this method is not as effective in leveraging effect size as anticipated, and may therefore not lead to significant gains in statistical power. (NB submitten and conditionally accepted at European Journal of Human Genetics-please use abstract only for internal review until submission complete)

  Study EGAS00001000734

• Genomic diversity of the African-descent Makranis of Pakistan

  From the eighth century onward, the Indian Ocean was the scene of extensive trade of sub-Saharan African slaves, via sea routes controlled by Muslim Arab and Swahili traders. Several populations in present-day Pakistan and India are thought to be the descendants of such slaves, yet their genetic ancestries and history of admixture and natural selection remain largely undefined. Here we studied the genome-wide diversity of the African-descent Makranis, residing on the Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan, together with that of four neighboring Pakistani populations, to investigate the genetic legacy, population dynamics and tempo of the Indian Ocean slave trade. We show that the Makranis result from an admixture event between local Baluch tribes and Bantu-speaking populations from eastern/southeastern Africa, which we dated to ~300 years ago during the Omani Empire domination. Levels of inbreeding, measured through cumulative runs of homozygosity, were found to be similar across Pakistani populations, suggesting that the admixed Makranis rapidly adopted the traditional practice of endogamous marriages. Finally, we searched for signatures of post-admixture selection at several traits evolving under positive selection, including skin color, lactase persistence and resistance to malaria. We demonstrate that the African-specific Duffy-null blood group — believed to confer resistance against Plasmodium vivax infection — was recently introduced to Pakistan through the slave trade and evolved under positive selection in this vivax malaria-endemic region. Collectively, our study reconstructs the genetic and adaptive history of a neglected episode of the African Diaspora, and illustrates the impact of recent admixture on the diffusion of adaptive traits across human populations.

  Study EGAS00001002558

• Targeting FGFR1 for treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma (H021)

  Purpose: Altered FGFR1 signaling has emerged as therapeutic target in various epithelial malignancies. In contrast, the role of FGFR1 in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) has not been established. Prompted by the detection and subsequent therapeutic inhibition of amplified FGFR1 in a patient with metastatic leiomyosarcoma, we investigated the oncogenic properties and potential as drug target of FGFR1 in STS.Experimental Design: The frequency of FGFR1 amplification and overexpression, as assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and mRNA expression profiling, SNP array profiling, and RNA sequencing, was determined in three independent patient cohorts. The sensitivity of STS cell lines with or without FGFR1 alterations to genetic and pharmacologic FGFR1 inhibition and the signaling pathways engaged by FGFR1 were investigated using short-term viability assays, long-term colony formation assays, and biochemical analysis.Results: Increased FGFR1 copy number was detected in 74 of 190 (38.9%; Cohort 1), 13 of 79 (16.5%; Cohort 2), and 80 of 254 (31.5%; Cohort 3) patients. FGFR1 overexpression occurred in 16 of 79 (20.2%, Cohort 2) and 39 of 254 (15.4%; Cohort 3) patients. Targeting of FGFR1 by short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown and different small-molecule inhibitors (PD173074, AZD4547, BGJ398) revealed that the requirement for FGFR1 signaling in STS cells is primarily dictated by FGFR1 expression levels, and identified the MAPK-ERK1/2 axis as critical FGFR1 effector pathway.Conclusion: These data identify FGFR1 as driver gene in multiple STS subtypes and support FGFR1 inhibition, guided by patient selection according to FGFR1 expression and monitoring of MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling, as therapeutic option in this challenging group of diseases.H021

  Study EGAS00001001844

• Monocyte and macrophage lipid accumulation results in downregulated type-I interferon responses

  Macrophages are critical components of atherosclerotic lesions and their pro- and anti-inflammatory responses influence atherogenesis. Type-I interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that play an essential role in antiviral responses and inflammatory activation and have been shown to promote atherosclerosis. Although the impact of type-I IFNs on macrophage foam cell formation is well-documented, the effect of lipid accumulation in monocytes and macrophages on type-I IFN responses remains unknown. Here we examined IFN stimulated (ISG) and non-ISG inflammatory gene expression in mouse and human macrophages that were loaded with acetylated LDL (acLDL), as a model for foam cell formation. We found that acLDL loading in mouse and human macrophages specifically suppressed expression of ISGs and IFN-β secretion, but not other pro-inflammatory genes. The downregulation of ISGs could be rescued by exogenous IFN-β supplementation. Activation of the cholesterol-sensing nuclear liver X receptor (LXR) recapitulated the cholesterol-initiated type-I IFN suppression. Additional analyses of murine in vitro and in vivo generated foam cells confirmed the suppressed IFN signalling pathways and suggest that this phenotype is mediated via downregulation of interferon regulatory factor binding at gene promoters. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of monocytes of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients also showed type-I IFN suppression which was restored by lipid-lowering therapy and not present in monocytes of healthy donors. Taken together, we define type-I IFN suppression as an athero-protective characteristic of foamy macrophages. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms that control inflammatory responses in hyperlipidaemic settings and can support future therapeutic approaches focusing on reprogramming of macrophages to reduce atherosclerotic plaque progression and improve stability.

  Study EGAS00001005955

• Identification of the dismal subtype of B-ALL with dysregulation of CDX2 and UBTF

  PURPOSE: Advance in the knowledge of genomic basis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has changed the treatment approaches and diagnostic assays and improved their outcome. Despite the recent development of next generation sequencing approaches, there are still some cases that their drivers are unknown. We aimed to define and describe the characteristics of an additional B-ALL subtype by integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic approach. METHODS: More than 2,000 B-ALL cases of RNA-seq data from from Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) (n=764), the Children's Oncology Group (COG), Munich Leukemia Laboratory (MLL) (n=280), and other several collaborators were analyzed to identify the new subtype. Whole genome sequence was performed to detect mutations, stractural variants, and copy number alterations. The tridimentional analysis of chromatin was performed with HiChIP. RESULTS: We identified the new high-risk B-ALL subtype “CDX2/UBTF” that exhibited unique gene expression profiles, which is enriched in female (77.3%), adolescents and young adults (52.6%), and relapse cohort (3.3%). CD10 negativity and IgM positivity are hallmarks of this subtype with NTRK3 expression that can be an effective marker at diagnostic approach and a potential targeted therapy with TRK and mulkinase inbitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib. Genetically, two different alterations define CDX2/UBTF. One is UBTF-ATXN7L3 fusions caused by deletion of 17q21.31, and the other is extopic CDX2 expression through the enhancer hijacking mechanism induced by deletion of 13q12.2. Other genomic features include gain of 1q and PAX5 rearrangement (PAX5-ZCCHC7), might induce upregulation of histone cluster genes and PAX5. CONCLUSION: We described the novel B-ALL subtype “CDX2/UBTF” that has unique clinical and genomic characteristics.

  Study EGAS00001005863

• WGS of cell-free DNA derived from plasma of patients with pediatric sarcoma and healthy controls, and lcWGS/RRBS of matched tumor tissue

  This dataset contains: i) 241 deep (median 12x) whole-genome sequencing profiles of 95 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 31 patients with other pediatric sarcomas, and 22 additional profiles from healthy controls. Sequencing was performed on a NovaSeq 6000 instrument using the NovaSeq S4 2x100 bp configuration. In addition, pilot experiments for 18 cfDNA samples were performed using Illumina HiSeq 2000/2500 machines (2x75 bp configuration). Data is provided as .fastq.gz files (2 files, .R1 and .R2, per sample). i) Low coverage whole-genome-sequencing on 43 tumor biopsy samples from patients with Ewing sarcoma with matched cfDNA samples. The samples were sequenced using a NovaSeq 6000 instrument with the NovaSeq S4 1x100 bp configuration. Data are provided as unmapped (raw) .bam files. iii) Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing data for 38 tumor biopsy samples from patients with Ewing sarcoma with matched cfDNA samples, and 2 control samples. RRBS libraries were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq 2000/2500 machines. Data are provided as unmapped (raw) .bam files.

  Dataset EGAD00001007080

• Single-cell decoding of drug induced transcriptomic reprogramming in triple negative breast cancers

  Background The encoding of cell intrinsic drug resistance states in breast cancer reflects the contributions of genomic and non-genomic variations and requires accurate estimation of clonal fitness from co-measurement of transcriptomic and genomic data. Somatic copy number (CN) variation is the dominant mutational mechanism leading to transcriptional variation and notably contributes to platinum chemotherapy resistance cell states. Here, we deploy time series measurements of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) single-cell transcriptomes, along with co-measured single-cell CN fitness, identifying genomic and transcriptomic mechanisms in drug associated transcriptional cell states. Results We present scRNA-seq data (53,641 filtered cells) from serial passaging TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) experiments spanning 2.5 years, matched with genomic single-cell CN data from the same samples. Our findings reveal distinct clonal responses within TNBC tumors exposed to platinum. Clones with high drug fitness undergo clonal sweeps and show subtle transcriptional reversion, while those with weak fitness exhibit dynamic transcription upon drug withdrawal. Pathway analysis highlights convergence on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cytokine signaling, associated with resistance. Furthermore, pseudotime analysis demonstrates hysteresis in transcriptional reversion, indicating generation of new intermediate transcriptional states upon platinum exposure. Conclusions Within a polyclonal tumor, clones with strong genotype-associated fitness under platinum remained fixed, minimizing transcriptional reversion upon drug withdrawal. Conversely, clones with weaker fitness display non-genomic transcriptional plasticity. This suggests CN-associated and CN-independent transcriptional states could both contribute to platinum resistance. The dominance of genomic or non-genomic mechanisms within polyclonal tumors has implications for drug sensitivity, restoration and re-treatment strategies.

  Study EGAS00001007242

• A human induced pluripotent stem cell toolbox for studying sex chromosome effects-Whole exome seq

  To generate autosomaly isogenic hiPSCs with various chromosome complement, we use Klinefelter syndrome patient skin fibroblasts. These cells harbour XXY sex chromosomes, which can be lost during the reprogramming event and generate cells which are autosomaly identical to each other but differ in sex chromosome complement. We use state of the art reprogramming methods to generate panels of isogenic XXY, XX and XY iPSCs from XXY patient fibroblasts. We have performed Whole exome sequencing on Klinefelter syndrome patient's skin fibroblasts in order to check if two X chromosomes are identical and to see if we can distinguish which X chromosome is more likely to be lost during the reprogramming event in XY cell lines.

  Study EGAS50000000930

• MutWP1: CRUK Grand Challenge Mutographs of Cancer: pancreas (2019-04-03)

  The Mutographs project aims to advance our understanding of the causes of cancer through studies of mutational signatures. Led by Mike Stratton, together with Paul Brennan, Ludmil Alexandrov, Allan Balmain, David Phillips and Peter Campbell, this large-scale international research endeavour was awarded a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge. Different patterns of somatic mutation are generated by the different environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that cause cancer, many of them are still unknown. Within Mutographs, the International Agency for Research on Cancer is coordinating the recruitment of 5000 individuals with cancer (colorectal, renal, pancreatic, oesophageal adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cancers) across 5 continents to explore whether different mutational signatures explain marked variation in incidence. In brief, through an international network of collaborators around the world, biological materials are collected, along with demographic, histological, clinical and questionnaire data. Whole genome sequences of tumour-germline DNA pairs are generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (Illumina HiSeqX, 40X and 20X depth respectively). Somatic mutational signatures are subsequently extracted by non-negative matrix factorisation methods and correlated with risk factors data. Through an enhanced understanding of cancer aetiology, Mutographs unprecedented effort is anticipated to outline modifiable risk factors, lead to new approaches to prevent cancer, and provide opportunities to empower early detection, refine high-risk groups and contribute to further therapeutic development. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-04-03.

  Dataset EGAD00001004893

• Small-molecule inhibitors in melanoma - Kenski / Kong - WES (2019-04-11)

  Small-molecule inhibitors targeting the most commonly activated pathway in melanoma, MAPK pathway (either alone or in combination) are already given to melanoma patients for few years, and initially reduce tumour burden dramatically, eventually melanomas become resistant and tumours progress while on treatment. Resistance to this treatment occurs by acquisition of additional mutations or other alterations that affect the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by either direct or indirect signalling. Many resistance mechanisms somehow lead to reactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), thereby restoring signalling of the oncogenic BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway. In addition, PI3K pathway activation contributes to resistance to BRAF inhibition. Less frequent but equally important to the phenomenon of targeted drug resistance is the observation that B15-20% of BRAF mutant melanoma patients fail to respond to BRAF inhibition already early on treatment, owing to intrinsic resistance. These patients have little therapeutic options, unless immunotherapy can be given. To better understand the resistance mechanisms in MAPK inhibitor-treated melanoma patients and melanoma biology, our lab generated a big panel of MAPK inhibitor resistant melanoma cell lines by continuous drug exposure. The understanding of the genetic landscape and gene expression as well as cross resistance to other treatment regimens, and other aspects of melanoma biology such as phenotype switch, will allow us to better exploit new therapeutic strategies for melanoma patients. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-04-11.

  Dataset EGAD00001004952

• WGS and WTS data of patient diagnosed with HSTCL

  WGS and WTS data of a single patient diagnosed with HSTCL. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for the tumor-normal sample. Genomic DNA from tumor tissue was extracted with QIAamp DNA Mini Kit. The DNA for the matching normal was obtained from blood or buccal swabs and purified by Blood and Cell Culture DNA Mini kit or E.Z.N.A. Tissue DNA Kit (Omega Bio-tek) according to manufacturer’s instructions. The quantity and quality were assessed by Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit (Invitrogen) and agarose gel electrophoresis. All sequencing libraries were prepared using TruSeq Nano DNA Library Prep Kit (Illumina). Paired-end sequencing was performed on Illumina HiSeq 4000 2x151 bp read length. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS): Total RNA from snap frozen EITL tumor samples was extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen) and purified with RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instructions. The integrity of RNA was determined by electrophoresis using 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies). 500 ng of total RNA was reverse transcribed with iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Quantification was performed using SsoFast EvaGreen Supermix and CFX96 Real-Time PCR System (both Bio-Rad). Sequencing libraries were prepared using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep Kit with Ribo-Zero (Illumina) and WTS was performed on Illumina HiSeq 2500 with 2x101 bp read length.

  Dataset EGAD00001005229

• MutWP1: CRUK Grand Challenge Mutographs of Cancer: Colorectal_LCM (2020-02-20)

  The Mutographs project aims to advance our understanding of the causes of cancer through studies of mutational signatures. Led by Mike Stratton, together with Paul Brennan, Ludmil Alexandrov, Allan Balmain, David Phillips and Peter Campbell, this large-scale international research endeavour was awarded a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge. Different patterns of somatic mutation are generated by the different environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that cause cancer, many of them are still unknown. Within Mutographs, the International Agency for Research on Cancer is coordinating the recruitment of 5000 individuals with cancer (colorectal, renal, pancreatic, oesophageal adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cancers) across 5 continents to explore whether different mutational signatures explain marked variation in incidence. In brief, through an international network of collaborators around the world, biological materials are collected, along with demographic, histological, clinical and questionnaire data. Whole genome sequences of tumour-germline DNA pairs are generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Somatic mutational signatures are subsequently extracted by non-negative matrix factorisation methods and correlated with risk factors data. Through an enhanced understanding of cancer aetiology, Mutographs unprecedented effort is anticipated to outline modifiable risk factors, lead to new approaches to prevent cancer, and provide opportunities to empower early detection, refine high-risk groups and contribute to further therapeutic development. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-02-20.

  Dataset EGAD00001005994

• RNA-seq data

  RNAseq FASTq files of 181 bulk pre-treatment and 14 post-treatment tumors from GO30140 Ph1b group A and F and 177 bulk pre-treatment tumors of IMbrave150 PhIII

  Dataset EGAD00001008128

• Spatially confined sub-tumor microenvironments in pancreatic cancer

  Intratumoral heterogeneity is a critical frontier in understanding how the tumor microenvironment (TME) propels malignant progression. Here, we deconvolute the human pancreatic TME through large-scale integration of histology-guided regional multiOMICs with clinical data and patient-derived preclinical models. We discover subTMEs, histologically definable tissue states anchored in fibroblast plasticity, with regional relationships to tumor immunity, subtypes, differentiation, and treatment response. Reactive subTMEs rich in complex but functionally coordinated fibroblast communities were immune-hot and inhabited by aggressive tumor cell phenotypes. The matrix-rich deserted subTMEs harbored less activated fibroblasts and tumor- suppressive features yet were markedly chemoprotective and enriched upon chemotherapy. SubTMEs originated in fibroblast differentiation trajectories and transitory states were notable both in single cell transcriptomics and in situ. The intratumoral co-occurrence of subTMEs produced patient-specific phenotypic and computationally predictable heterogeneity tightly linked to malignant biology. Therefore, heterogeneity within the plentiful, notorious pancreatic TME is not random but marks fundamental tissue organizational units.

  Dataset EGAD00001008155

• HELIUS cohort gut microbiome batch2

  The gut microbiota composition is unique to every individual but is shaped by common factors including diet, lifestyle, medication use, early-life determinants, living environment or genetics. Most of these factors may be influenced by ethnicity. This study explored variations in fecal microbiota composition in 6048 individuals with different ethnic backgrounds living in the same geographical area (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). The HELIUS data are owned by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. To allow sharing of microbiome data collected in HELIUS with (inter)national researchers, 16s rRNA sequence analysis has been stored at the European genome-phenome archive (EGA; accession code EGAD00001004106). This requires that access needs to be granted, also because the HELIUS data are stored with relevant phenotypical variables. Access is granted to all researchers affiliated with an internationally recognized research institution who request to use the HELIUS data within the EGA context, after having signed the data transfer agreement. Any researcher can request the data by submitting a proposal to the HELIUS Executive Board as outlined at http://www.heliusstudy.nl/en/researchers/collaboration, by email: heliuscoordinator at amsterdamumc dot nl. The HELIUS Executive Board will check proposals if they do not conflict with ethical approvals and informed consent forms of the HELIUS study.

  Dataset EGAD00001009732

• Whole-genome sequencing of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) tumours and matched normals from long-term survivors.

  Whole-genome sequencing of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) tumours and matched normals from long-term survivors performed as part of the Multidisciplinary Ovarian Cancer Outcomes Group (MOCOG) study. The dataset includes fastq files from 58 HGSC tumours (53 primary tumours and 5 recurrent tumours) and 53 matched normals from 53 long-term survivor patients. Sequence libraries were generated from tumour and matched normal genomic DNA using the KAPA HyperPrep PCR-free library preparation kit (Roche) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Sequencing was carried out by the Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics Sequencing Laboratory (Sydney, Australia) on the HiSeq X Ten System (Illumina) to a minimum base coverage of 30-fold for normal DNA and 60-fold for tumour DNA samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001009398

• Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing on bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis or relapse.

  One hundred cryopreserved bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 10-90% blasts were selected from the biobank of the Department of Hematology of Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC). The AML cases cover all subtypes, and specifically include known subtype-defining balanced chromosomal translocations according to the WHO classification. The samples were obtained from 96 patients and include three pairs of de novo and relapsed AML and one pair of de novo and presumed therapy-related AML (tAML). Total RNA was isolated from mononuclear cells without prior enrichment for leukemic blasts. The quality and integrity of total RNA was checked and RNA libraries were prepared using the TruSeq RNA library preparation kit v2 (Illumina, San Diego, CA) in an ISO/IEC 17025-accredited protocol. This workflow started with enrichment of messenger RNA by oligo dT magnetic beads. After fragmentation, cDNA synthesis was performed, followed by adaptor ligation and PCR amplification. Paired-end sequencing with a read length of 126 bp was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 v4 sequencer to at least 12.5 Gbp per sample. Image analysis, base calling, and quality check was performed with Illumina data analysis pipeline RTA v1.18.64 and Bcl2fastq v1.8.4. RNAseq reads are provided in compressed Sanger FASTQ format.

  Dataset EGAD00001004187

• HELIUS cohort gut microbiome

  The gut microbiota composition is unique to every individual but is shaped by common factors including diet, lifestyle, medication use, early-life determinants, living environment or genetics. Most of these factors may be influenced by ethnicity. This study explored variations in fecal microbiota composition in 6048 individuals with different ethnic backgrounds living in the same geographical area (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). The HELIUS data are owned by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. To allow sharing of microbiome data collected in HELIUS with (inter)national researchers, 16s rRNA sequence analysis has been stored at the European genome-phenome archive (EGA; accession code EGAD00001004106). This requires that access needs to be granted, also because the HELIUS data are stored with relevant phenotypical variables. Access is granted to all researchers affiliated with an internationally recognized research institution who request to use the HELIUS data within the EGA context, after having signed the data transfer agreement. Any researcher can request the data by submitting a proposal to the HELIUS Executive Board as outlined at http://www.heliusstudy.nl/en/researchers/collaboration, by email: heliuscoordinator at amsterdamumc dot nl. The HELIUS Executive Board will check proposals if they do not conflict with ethical approvals and informed consent forms of the HELIUS study.

  Dataset EGAD00001004106

• CRUK-ICGC Prostate DNA Methylation Sequencing Dataset (Prostatectomy Batches 1-6)

  This dataset includes Illumina EPIC Capture Sequencing Data of 376 samples from 188 men with prostate cancer. Samples were taken from primary tissue obtained at prostatectomy, with matched pathologically assessed non-cancer control material. This DNA methylation data includes donors and samples included in previously published WGS datasets (from CRUK-ICGC batches 1 to 3 [EGAD00001001116] and batches 4 to 6 [EGAD00001003225]; including the majority of donors used in Wedge et al, Nature Genetics 2018 [PMID: 29662167]). The targeted DNA methylation sequencing data in this EGA dataset were generated using the Illumina TruSeq methyl capture method (EPICseq), covering over 3.3 million CpGs in the human genome, representing a total targeted hybridisation capture panel of 107Mbp. According to the EPICseq protocol, DNA samples extracted from prostatectomy tissue samples were enriched for target regions using hybridisation capture, prior to bisulfite conversion, amplification and sequencing in pools of 12 samples (150 single end reads over two Illumina HiSeq4000 lanes). This approach generated DNA methylation profiles from prostate cancer and control samples at base-pair resolution across millions of CpGs in the human genome.

  Dataset EGAD00001010184

• HBCC Postmortem Psychiatric Molecular Studies

  This postmortem study examines molecular, genetic and epigenetic signatures in the brains of hundreds of subjects with or without mental disorders conducted by the DIRP NIMH Human Brain Collection Core (HBCC). The brain tissues are obtained under protocols approved by the CNS IRB (NCT00001260), with the permission of the next-of-kin (NOK) through the Offices of the Chief Medical Examiners (MEOs) in the District of Columbia, Northern Virginia and Central Virginia. Additional samples were obtained from the University of Maryland Brain and Tissue Bank (contracts NO1-HD-4-3368 and NO1-HD-4-3383) (http://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/btbank/ and the Stanley Medical Research Institute: http://www.stanleyresearch.org/brain-research/). Clinical characterization, neuropathological screening, toxicological analyses, and dissections of various brain regions were performed as previously described (Lipska et al. 2006; PMID: 16997002). All patients met DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime Axis I diagnosis of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and major depression. Controls had no history of psychiatric diagnoses or addictions. SNP array: Array-based genotyping was performed on most samples published in this collection. The number of SNPs assayed via Illumina chips varied between 650,000 and 5 Million. Cerebellar tissue was generally used for genotyping studies. # Diagnosis SNP Array 1 Anxiety Disorder 1 2 Autism Spectrum Disorder 13 3 Bipolar Disorder 114 4 Control 387 5 Eating Disorder (ED) 2 6 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 186 7 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 5 8 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 0 9 Schizophrenia 220 10 Other 7 11 Tic Disorder 3 12 Undetermined 1 13 Williams Syndrome 2 Table: Numbers of samples in each diagnostic category. DNA extraction: 45-80 mg of cerebellar tissue was pulverized for DNA extractions. The QIAamp DNA mini Kit (Qiagen) method was employed for tissue DNA extraction. The tissue was initially lysed using Tissue Lyser (Qiagen) and extractions were accomplished according to manufacturer's protocol. The DNA was captured in 500uL elution buffer. The concentrations were measured using Thermo Scientific's NanoDrop 1000/NanoDrop ONE. The mean yield was 128.85 uG (+/- 79.48), the mean ratio of 260/280 was 1.87 (+/- 0.105), and the mean ratio of 260/230 was 2.48 (+/-1.75). Genotyping methods: Three types of Illumina Beadarray chips were used: HumanHap650Y, Human1M-Duo, and HumanOmni5M-Quad (San Diego, California). The genotyping was done according to the manufacturer's protocol (Illumina Proprietary, Catalog # WG-901-5003, Part # 15025910 Rev.A, June 2011). Approximately, 400ng DNA was used and each DNA sample was QC tested for 260/280 ratio by nanodrop and DNA band intactness on 2% agarose gel. Briefly, the samples were whole-genome amplified, fragmented, precipitated and resuspended in appropriate hybridization buffer. Denatured samples were hybridized on prepared Bead Array Chips. After hybridization, the Bead Chip oligonucleotides were extended by a single fluorescent labeled base, which was detected by fluorescence imaging with an Illumina Bead Array Reader, iScan. Normalized bead intensity data obtained for each sample were loaded into the Illumina Genome Studio (Illumina, v.2.0.3) with cluster position files provided by Illumina, and fluorescence intensities were converted into SNP genotypes. Microarray: We generated RNA expression data using array technology for psychiatric subjects compared to non-psychiatric subjects as controls. We used tissues from three different brain regions i.e. hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and dura mater for a large cohort of individuals (total number 552 subjects for hippocampus, 800 for DLPFC and 146 for dura). Total RNA was extracted from ~100 mg of tissue using the RNeasy kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's protocol. RNA quality and quantity were examined using the Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Inc) and NanoDrop (Thermo Scientific, Inc), respectively. Samples with RNA integrity number (RIN) # Diagnosis DLPFC Hippo Dura 1 Anxiety Disorder 1 0 0 2 Autism Spectrum Disorder 14 6 0 3 Bipolar Disorder 90 49 0 4 Control 336 270 75 5 Eating Disorder (ED) 2 1 0 6 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 144 87 0 7 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 5 3 0 8 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 6 0 0 9 Schizophrenia 192 125 71 10 Other 5 6 0 11 Tic Disorder 3 3 0 12 Undetermined 1 1 0 13 Williams Syndrome 2 1 0 Table: Numbers of samples in each diagnostic category. RNA-Seq of Dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex: All brains were collected and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortical (DLPFC) samples dissected at the HBCC, DIRP, NIMH. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) specimens were dissected from right or left hemisphere of frozen coronal slabs. The study was funded by the DIRP, NIMH under contract (#HHSN 271201400099C) with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,1106402 One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 3500, New York NY 10029-6574. RNA extraction, library preparation and sequencing were performed under contract at Icahn School of Medicine. The Common Mind Consortium (CMC) provided project management support. RNA isolation: Total RNA from 468 HBCC samples was isolated from approximately 100 mg homogenized tissue from each sample by TRIzol/chloroform extraction and purification with the Qiagen RNeasy kit (Cat#74106) according to manufacturer's protocol. Samples were processed in randomized batches of 12. The order of extraction for schizophrenia, bipolar, and MDD disorders and control samples was assigned randomly with respect to diagnosis and all other sample characteristics. The mean total RNA yield was 24.2 ug (+/- 9.0). The RNA Integrity Number (RIN) was determined by 4200 Agilent TapeStation System. Samples with RIN DLPFC RNA-Seq quantified expression data are provided for 364 samples. Data were generated, QC'd, processed and quantified as follows: RNA library preparation and sequencing: All samples submitted to the New York Genome Center for RNAseq were prepared for sequencing in randomized batches of 94. The sequencing libraries were prepared using the KAPA Stranded RNAseq Kit with RiboErase (KAPA Biosystems). rRNA was depleted from 1ug of RNA using the KAPA RiboErase protocol that is integrated into the KAPA Stranded RNAseq Kit. The insert size and DNA concentration of the sequencing library was determined on Fragment Analyzer Automated CE System (Advanced Analytical) and Quant-iT PicoGreen (ThermoFisher) respectively. Schizophrenia Bipolar Control 89 65 210 Table: Numbers of samples in each diagnostic category. RNA-Seq of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC): All the 200 post-mortem brain samples (61 controls; 39 bipolar disorder; 46 schizophrenia; 54 major depressive disorder) were collected by the HBCC, DIRP, NIMH. RNA Extraction and Quality Assessment: Tissue from sgACC was pulverized and stored at -80°C. Total RNA was extracted from 50-80 mg of the tissue using QIAGEN RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Cat. # 74804) with DNase treatment (QIAGEN, Cat. # 79254). The RNA Integrity Number (RIN) for each sample was assessed with high-resolution capillary electrophoresis on the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, California). The concentration of RNA and their 260/280 ratio (2.1+/- 0.032 SD) were determined with NanoDrop (Thermo Scientific). RNA sequencing: Stranded RNA-Seq libraries were constructed after rRNA depletion using Ribo-Zero GOLD (Illumina). RNA sequencing was performed at National Institute of Health Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC). Schizophrenia Bipolar Control MDD 46 39 61 54 Table: Numbers of samples in each diagnostic category. Whole Genome Sequencing: All brains were collected and dissected at the HBCC, DIRP, NIMH. This study generates whole genome sequencing data using sequencing of DNA in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) or cerebellum of 443 individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder and non-psychiatric controls. The study was funded by the DIRP, NIMH under contract (#HHSN 271201400099C) with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,1106402 One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 3500, New York NY 10029-6574. DNA extraction, library preparation and sequencing were performed under contract at Icahn School of Medicine. The Common Mind Consortium (CMC) provided project management support. All specimens were dissected from right or left hemisphere of frozen coronal slabs. DNA Library Preparation and Sequencing: All samples submitted to the New York Genome Center for WGS were prepared for sequencing in randomized batches of 95. The sequencing libraries were prepared using the Illumina PCR-free DNA sample preparation Kit. The insert size and DNA concentration of the sequencing library was determined on Fragment Analyzer Automated CE System (Advanced Analytical) and Quant-iT PicoGreen (ThermoFisher) respectively. A quantitative PCR assay (KAPA), with primers specific to the adapter sequence, was used to determine the yield and efficiency of the adaptor ligation process. Performed on the Illumina HiSeqX with 30X coverage. Schizophrenia Bipolar Control 115 78 230 Table: Numbers of samples in each diagnostic category. ChIP-Seq: All brains were collected and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortical (DLPFC) samples dissected at the HBCC, DIRP, NIMH. This study generates epigenetic data using sequencing of DNA after chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-Seq) for marks H3K4me3 and H3K27ac in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) specimens were dissected from right or left hemisphere of frozen coronal slabs. The study was funded by the DIRP, NIMH under contract (#HHSN 271201400099C) with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,1106402 One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 3500, New York NY 10029,6574. Chromatin precipitation, library preparation and sequencing were performed under contract at Icahn School of Medicine. The Common Mind Consortium (CMC) provided project management support. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays for histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27ac were carried out using Native ChIP. Micrococcal Nuclease (MNase) (Sigma, N3755) treatment was used to digest chromatin into mononucleosomes. The following antibodies were used for chromatin pull-down: anti-H3K4me3 (Cell Signaling, Cat# 9751BC, lot 7) and anti-H3K27ac (Active Motif, Cat# 39133, Lot # 31814008). Histone modification-enriched genomic DNA fragments were recovered using Protein A/G magnetic beads (Thermo Scientific, 88803-88938 or Millipore 16-663), and then washed, eluted, and treated with RNAse A and proteinase K. Final ChIP DNA products were isolated using phenol-chloroform extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The efficiency of each ChIP assay was validated using Qubit concentration measurement and qPCR for positive (GRIN2B, DARPP32) and negative (HBB) control genomic regions. Only ChIP assays that passed quality control were further processed for library preparation and sequencing; this included ChIP DNA that was not detectable on Qubit but showed a good signal and expected enrichment patterns in qPCR. HISTONE_MARK H3K27ac H3K4me3 Input Bipolar 56 4 7 Control 158 11 24 Schizophrenia 79 11 12 Table: Numbers of individuals in each assay grouped by histone mark or input.Long-Read Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) Cohort Description: Brain specimens were obtained from the Human Brain Collection Core (HBCC), part of the NIH NeuroBioBank. Samples were collected under protocols approved by the NIH CNS Institutional Review Board (IRB) (NCT03092687), with informed consent from next-of-kin (NOK). Collection was coordinated through the Offices of the Chief Medical Examiners (MEOs) in Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, and Central Virginia. Clinical metadata and documentation are publicly available via the NIMH Data Archive (NDA) (Collection #3151) https://nda.nih.gov/edit_collection.html?id=3151 Eligibility Criteria No clinical diagnosis of major neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative diseaseNo diagnosis of cognitive impairment during life All individuals were confirmed to be neurologically normal at time of deathDemographics Initial cohort size: 155 individuals Ancestry: All individuals self-identified as African or African-admixed Mean age at death: 44.2 years (range: 18–85 years) Sex distribution: 36.4% femaleSample Processing: Frozen frontal cortex tissue was dissected and processed according to the public protocol: https://www.protocols.io/view/processing-human-frontal-cortex-brain-tissue-for-p-kxygxzmmov8j/v2. High-molecular-weight DNA was extracted and libraries were prepared using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) LSK-114 kit. Sequencing was performed using ONT PromethION flow cells (R10.4.1 chemistry) Data Processing and Quality Control: Basecalling: Conducted using Guppy v6.38 Read Alignment: Reads were aligned to the GRCh38 reference genome using minimap2 Sample Identity Verification: Sample identity was validated by comparing ONT-derived SNP calls with matched short-read WGS genotypes to ensure concordance and prevent sample swaps Variant Calling and Phasing: Reads were base-called with Guppy v6.38. Reads were aligned to GRCh38 using minimap2. We verified sample identity by cross-checking ONT SNV calls with the existing short-read WGS genotypes, confirming no sample switches. The napu pipeline (https://github.com/nanoporegenomics/napu_wf) produced; haplotype-resolved assemblies, joint small-variant (SNV/indel) calls, and multi-caller structural-variant sets, all reported on GRCh38 and phased where possible. Raw signal data were basecalled to obtain 5-methyl-cytosine (5mC) status; methylation tags were added to the phased BAM files. Genome-wide methylation summaries are provided in BED format.Dataset Filtering and Exclusions: All 155 samples underwent sequencing and SNP-based ancestry inference 8 samples were excluded due to ancestry inconsistent with African or African-admixed background 1 sample was excluded due to insufficient sequencing quality Final Sample Set: 146 high-quality samples from individuals of African or African-admixed ancestry were retained for downstream analyses See PMID: 39764002 for further analysis detailsDiagnosis#SamplesControl155Table: Diagnostic Summary.Note: The data derived from HBCC resources were removed from dbGAP and are now available in the NIMH Data Archive (NDA). They include genotypes, short read whole genome sequencing (WGS), epigenetics (DNA methylation, ChIP-seq for histones), RNA expression (qPCR, microarray, RNA-seq, single nucleus RNA-seq) of various brain regions in cases with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, substance use disorders and normative controls. Please access our NDA collection (https://nda.nih.gov/edit_collection.html?id=3151) for further detail.

  Study phs000979

• Short-term fasting before living kidney donation has an immune-modulatory effect

  Background: Short-Term Fasting (STF) is an intervention reducing the intake of calories, without causing undernutrition or micronutrient-related malnutrition. It aims to systemically improve resilience against acute stress. Several (pre-)clinical studies have suggested protective effects of STF, marking the systemic effects STF can induce in respect to surgery and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, STF also affects the number of circulating immune cells. We aim to determine the effect of STF on the abundance and phenotype of different immune cell populations. Methods: Thirty participants were randomly selected from the FAST clinical trial, including living kidneys donors, randomised to a STF-diet or control arm. In an observational cohort sub-study we prospectively included 30 patients who donated blood samples repeatedly during study runtime. Using flow cytometry analyses, immune cell phenotyping was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Three panels were designed to investigate the presence and activation status of peripheral T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid cells. Results: Eight participants were excluded due to sample constraints. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences, except for fasting duration. Weight changes were minimal and non-significant across different time intervals, with slight trends towards long-term weight loss pre-surgery. Glucose, insulin, and β-hydroxybutyrate levels differed significantly between groups, reflecting adherence to the fasting diet. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no baseline differences between groups, with high variability within each group. We observed significant changes in immune cell populations due to fasting, particularly in B cells, T cells, and DCs. Discussion: In this study, we found that STF changes the levels and phenotype of immune cells, reducing abundance and activation of T cells and regulatory T cells, increased presence of (naïve) B cells, and elevation of type 1 conventional DCs. Further research should focus on the clinical implications of the changes in immune cell populations and significance of these observed immunological changes. Background: Short-Term Fasting (STF) is an intervention reducing the intake of calories, without causing undernutrition or micronutrient-related malnutrition. It aims to systemically improve resilience against acute stress. Several (pre-)clinical studies have suggested protective effects of STF, marking the systemic effects STF can induce in respect to surgery and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, STF also affects the number of circulating immune cells. We aim to determine the effect of STF on the abundance and phenotype of different immune cell populations. Methods: Thirty participants were randomly selected from the FAST clinical trial, including living kidneys donors, randomised to a STF-diet or control arm. In an observational cohort sub-study we prospectively included 30 patients who donated blood samples repeatedly during study runtime. Using flow cytometry analyses, immune cell phenotyping was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Three panels were designed to investigate the presence and activation status of peripheral T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid cells. Results: Eight participants were excluded due to sample constraints. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences, except for fasting duration. Weight changes were minimal and non-significant across different time intervals, with slight trends towards long-term weight loss pre-surgery. Glucose, insulin, and β-hydroxybutyrate levels differed significantly between groups, reflecting adherence to the fasting diet. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no baseline differences between groups, with high variability within each group. We observed significant changes in immune cell populations due to fasting, particularly in B cells, T cells, and DCs. Discussion: In this study, we found that STF changes the levels and phenotype of immune cells, reducing abundance and activation of T cells and regulatory T cells, increased presence of (naïve) B cells, and elevation of type 1 conventional DCs. Further research should focus on the clinical implications of the changes in immune cell populations and significance of these observed immunological changes.

  Study EGAS00001008034

• Genome_wide_association_study_of_vaccine_responses_in_infants_living_in_the_Developing_World__VaccGene___Phase_II_African_Cohorts

  Human genetic heterogeneity accounts for approximately 70% of the observed variability inresponse to common childhood vaccinations. Identifying the elements of this heterogeneitywill enable the development of vaccines which have improved clinical and cost effectivenessthrough rational adjuventation approaches, or by targeting particular at-risk or responsivesubgroups. The studies published to date have been limited in terms of the number of vaccinesubtypes analysed, diversity of the populations included, sample sizes and breadth of otherenvironmental and lifestyle variables which may explain some of the remainder of variation inthe response to each vaccine. Nevertheless, these studies have proposed that the geneswhich harbour the variants associated with vaccine responsiveness reside within regions ofthe genome associated with immune function such as the HLA locus and FOXP1and ITGAL.We are proposing one of the largest genome-wide association studies of vaccine responseever undertaken, which will provide unparalleled power to identify the genetic factorsassociated with the response to all of the most commonly used childhood vaccinesworldwide. For the first phase of the project (Prelim I0308) we genotyped ca. 1,400 childrenfrom the Entebbe Mother and Baby (EMaB) study, an ongoing birth cohort in southernUganda, using the Illumina HumanOmni2.5-8 chip. Analyses for response to vaccinationagainst diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, measles, hepatitis B and BCGare now underway. Working alongside other ongoing studies, we plan for the second phaseof the project to expand sample sizes to up to 7,000 individuals in total. This large cohort willinclude 1,500 South African infants, 500 Burkina Faso infants, 1,800 children from Ecuadorand up to 1,800 from a variety of countries (MAL-ED Consortium). The principal measuredphenotypes will be the serological responses at 6 or 12 months of age to the vaccinesadministered to all enrolled children as part of expanded programme of immunisation in allcountries. As for the primary Ugandan study the responses will be analysed as quantitativetraits using mixed model (GEMMA) analyses following imputation using a combined 1000Genome and African Genome Variation Project reference panel. The data will be analysed asone large discovery mega-analysis to maximise the power of finding the relevant associatedvariants. Interim GWAS analyses will be performed on each population to test for populationspecific signals. Other phenotypes that will be assessed in the new studies includequantitative response to BCG, rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines (South Africa, Ecuadorand Uganda), clinical and immunological response to malaria vaccines (Burkina),immunological correlates of atopy (Ecuador and Uganda) and malaria infection (Burkina,Ecuador and Uganda) in addition to non-communicable disease traits such as blood pressurepage 1[A8] If applicable, provide text (abstract) which will accompany data for this study in the ENA/EGA.[A9] Does this project use samples?[A10] Please choose which types of sample you will be using[A12] Please state the anticipated date (month/year) samples will be available in-house (if known). If samples arealready in-house, type 'in-house' here. Please note that for sequencing, genotyping and microarrays this is essentialfor scheduling the work.[A13] Please state the anticipated project start date (month/year).[A14] Please state the project duration (months).[A15] Please read WTSI's Data Sharing Policy and Guidelines, then explain your data sharing plans for the project[A16] Are the data sharing plans of this project compliant with the Institute's Guidelines?[A17] Are there any conflicts of interest related to this proposal?(Uganda).We are requesting funds to genotype on the Illumina HumanOmni2.5-8 platform 2,000 Africaninfants recruited through ongoing maternal and child vaccine clinical trials (againstpneumococcus in Soweto, South Africa, and malaria in Banfora, Burkina Faso). The DNAfrom the Burkina cohort is at the University of Oxford and ready to be shipped, while the DNAfrom the South African cohort will be available by mid-2014. Appropriate consent for geneticanalyses has been acquired for the proposed study cohorts from both local ethics committeesand UK-based Committees.

  Study EGAS00001000918

• COVID-19: Post-Hospital Thromboprophylaxis A Multicenter, Adaptive, Prospective, Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Antithrombotic Strategies in Patients with COVID-19 Following Hospital Discharge (ACTIV-4C)

  This study is an adaptive, prospective, randomized trial designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of antithrombotic therapy with no antithrombotic therapy after hospitalization for 48 hours or longer for COVID-19. For Stage 1 of this study, participants will be randomized to either prophylactic anticoagulation or no anticoagulant therapy for 30 days, and then followed for an additional 60 days after the completion of treatment (total duration of follow-up, approximately 90 days). Biobanking of samples for future biomarker and mechanistic studies will be available for centers able to participate and collect samples from eligible participants. Samples will be collected at the time of enrollment and after the completion of 30 days of therapy.

  Study phs003063

• Spatiotemporal single-cell analysis reveals a time-dependent immunological modulation by multi-fractionated radiotherapy in esophageal cancer

  Description Here, by integrative spatial and single-cell analyses using spatial transcriptome (VISIUM) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of immune-response in the tumor microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) before, during and after RT. The comprehensive single-cell analyses demonstrated the infiltration of immune cells into tumor with the dynamic change of immune-stimulatory and -suppressive gene expression after RT. ScRNA-seq analysis uncovered the time- and cell-type-dependent alteration of gene expression profile from during to after RT. This datasets in the present study will provide the information of RT-induced gene signature to seek an appropriate target of personalized immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy and of determining the timing of the combination therapy.

  Study JGAS000712

• Whole Exome sequencing of colorectal cancer patients (SG-BULK)

  DNA-seq libraries were captured to exome regions using xGen Exome Research Panel v1.0 (IDT), and libraries were prepared using the KAPA Hyper prep kit. DNA libraries were sequenced to a target depth of ×200 for tumor sample, ×100 for normal samples on the Illumina HiSeq platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001008543

• WGoxBS and SureSelect data of the POPS placenta samples

  We carried out whole-genome oxidative bisulfite sequencing (WGoxBS) in the placentas of two healthy female and two healthy male pregnancies generating an average genome depth of coverage of 25x. The sex-specific differential methylation pattern observed in this region was validated in additional 8 healthy placentas (including 2 from the WGoxBS) using SureSelect in-solution target capture. For WGoxBS, placental genomic DNA (4 µg) from 4 healthy pregnancies was processed to achieve 10 kb fragments with the g-Tube (Covaris), according to the manufacturer's instructions. To increase the number of uniquely sequenced reads, two independent libraries were generated for each individual. Multiplexed sequencing was carried out on the Illumina MiSeq, HiSeq 2000, and HiSeq 2500 instruments with 2x100, 2x50 and 2x125 cycles using MiSeq Reagent Kit v3, HiSeq SBS Kit v3 and HiSeq SBS Kit v4, respectively. For SureSelect in-solution capture, placental genomic DNA (3.5 µg) from 8 healthy pregnancies (including 2 from the WGoxBS) was fragmented by the Covaris S220 system according to the SureSelect Methyl-Seq target enrichment protocol (Agilent). All 8 libraries were pooled and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument with 2 × 125 cycles using HiSeq SBS Kit v4 and a single lane of the Illumina HiSeq 4000 instrument with 2 × 150 cycles using HiSeq 3000/4000 SBS Kit following Illumina's guidelines (Illumina Application Note: Epigenetics February 2016).

  Dataset EGAD00001003136

• scRNA-seq of total bone marrow and T cells from multiple myeloma long-term survivors

  scRNA This dataset contains 50 scRNA-seq samples from bone marrow aspirates of 11 multiple myeloma patients experiencing long-term survival and 3 healthy donors. For each donor, total bone marrow and CD3+ T cells were sequenced. For multiple myeloma patients, paired samples were collected at initial diagnosis and between 7-17 years after first-line therapy. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. For sorting of total bone marrow cells singlet, live cells were gated and sorted, for sorting of T cells CD45+, CD3+ cells were gated and sorted on either FACSAria Fusion or FACSAria II. Single-cell RNA sequencing were generated using 10x Genomics single-cell RNAseq technology (Chromium Single Cell 3’ Solution v2) according to the manufacturer’s protocol and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq4000 (paired end, 26 and 74 bp). Bulk RNA Singlet, live CD3+CD4- CXCR3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4- CXCR3-CD8+ cells were sorted from 7 bone marrow and 3 peripheral blood samples of 7 multiple myeloma patients using a FACSAria Fusion machine. Bulk-RNA sequencing libraries were generated using the SMART Seq Stranded Total RNA-Seq kit (Takara) and sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform (2 x 100 bp).

  Dataset EGAD00001010025

• Influence of the Microbiome on Epigenetic Mechanisms in IBD

  Live CD4 T cells were sorted from inflamed and non-inflamed tissue samples of IBD patients or from healthy and IBD blood samples. ATAC-Seq libraries were generated from live CD4 T cells sorted from i) inflamed and non-inflamed tissue samples, ii) healthy and IBD blood samples, or from iii) CD4 T cell subsets polarised from healthy blood samples. After isolating crude nuclei, live CD4+ T cells were treated with Tagment DNA buffer and Tagment DNA Enzyme (Nextera DNA Library Prep Kit, Illumina), and then the DNA was purified by MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Transposed DNA fragments were amplified using specific adapters followed by purification with MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Fragments from 240-360pb were selected in the PippinHT system (Sage Science). The quality of the library and its DNA concentration were assessed by Bioanalyzer instruments (Agilent Technologies) and ultimately submitted for sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer, V4 chemistry. On the other hand, single cell RNA-Seq libraries were generated exclusively from inflamed and non-inflamed tissue samples of Crohn’s disease patients. Briefly, live CD4 T cells were captured and encapsulated before cDNA amplification using the 10X Genomics Chromium Platform. Samples were prepared as outlined by 10x genomics Single Cell 3’ Reagent Kits v2 user guide. Samples were sequenced on a HiSeq 2500 with the following run parameters: Read 1 – 26 cycles, read 2 – 98 cycles, index 1 – 8 cycles.

  Dataset EGAD00001011066

• Combined Tumor and Immune Signals From Genomes or Transcriptomes Predict Outcomes of Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma

  Cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade (CPB) leads to improved outcomes in melanoma and other tumor types, but a majority of patients do not respond. High tumor mutation burden (TMB) and high levels of tumor-infiltrating T cells have been associated with response to immunotherapy, and integrative models using DNA and RNA have improved predictions of clinical benefit. However, identification of immune and tumor-intrinsic features in models using DNA or RNA alone have not been comprehensively explored in melanoma. In this study, we sequenced DNA and RNA of tumors from 67 melanoma patients receiving CPB, and aggregated this cohort with previously published data, yielding whole exome sequencing (WES) data for 189 patients and bulk RNA sequencing data for 178 patients. Using these datasets, we derived genomic and transcriptomic factors that predict overall survival (OS) and response to immunotherapy. Using whole exome DNA data alone, we calculated T cell burden (TCB) and B cell burden (BCB) based on rearranged TCR/Ig DNA sequences, and found that melanoma patients with high TMB and either high TCB or high BCB survived longer and had higher response rates, as compared to patients with low TMB and either low TCB or low BCB. Next, using bulk RNA-Seq data, differential expression analysis identified 83 genes which are associated with high or low OS. By combining pairs of immune-expressed genes with tumor-expressed genes, we identified three gene pairs which are associated with response and survival (Bonferroni P<0.05). All three gene pair models were validated in an independent cohort (n=180) (Bonferroni P<0.05). The best performing gene pair model included the lymphocyte-expressed MAP4K1 (Gene ID: 11184) and the transcription factor TBX3 (Gene ID: 6926) which is overexpressed in poorly differentiated melanomas. We concluded that RNA-based (MAP4K1 and TBX3) or DNA-based (TCB and TMB) models combining with immune and tumor measures improve predictions of outcome after checkpoint blockade in melanoma.

  Study phs002683

• GMKF: Kids First Pediatric Research Program on Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders and Related Birth Defects

  The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program (Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program) (Kids First) is a trans-NIH effort initiated in response to the 2014 Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act and supported by the NIH Common Fund. This program focuses on gene discovery in pediatric cancers and structural birth defects and the development of the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource (Kids First Data Resource). Both, childhood cancers and structural birth defects are critical and costly conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Elucidating the underlying genetic etiology of these diseases has the potential to profoundly improve preventative measures, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) and phenotypic data from this study are accessible through dbGaP and kidsfirstdrc.org, where other Kids First datasets can also be accessed. Goals of this ongoing study are to identify novel "congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder" (CCDD) genes and define the role of the wildtype and mutant genes in normal and aberrant development. The umbrella term (CCDD) refers to congenital birth defects with malformation of one or more cranial nerves, typically resulting in limitations of eye and/or face movement. Examples of CCDDs include congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), congenital ptosis, Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS), congenital 3rd, 4th or 6th nerve palsies, Moebius syndrome (MBS), and hereditary congenital facial paresis (HCFP). In some cases, anosmia, and disorders of hearing, sucking, chewing, swallowing, and breathing may also be classified as CCDDs. CCDDs can be accompanied by additional birth defects such as intellectual and social disabilities, developmental delays, limb anomalies, and cardiac, GI, and GU disorders. The genetic basis of multiple CCDDs has been determined, and the gene mutations typically alter cranial motor neuron identity or function, or perturb axon growth and guidance. Despite these successes, the genetic etiologies of many inherited CCDDs remain unidentified.

  Study phs001247

• Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics (CCDG): Genetics of Orofacial Clefts, Sub-types, and Subclinical Phenotypes - CIDR

  The purpose of this project is to identify the genetic factors contributing to nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (OFCs), common subtypes, and related subclinical phenotypes. The most common subtypes of OFCs are cleft lip alone (CL), cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP), and cleft palate alone (CP). CL and CLP can be unilateral (left or right) or bilateral. Related subclinical phenotypes include occult lip muscle defects, characteristics of craniofacial morphology, and subtle speech abnormalities, which are distributed within families of affected individuals, and may reflect the underlying genetic susceptibility revealing clues about OFC etiology. The multi-ethnic dataset comprises participants recruited from Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Philippines, Nigeria, and Ghana, and includes individuals with OFCs (cases), their unaffected relatives, and unrelated healthy controls. The specific aims of this project are to perform genome-wide association (GWAS) scans of (1) OFCs, (2) cleft subtypes (CL, CLP, CP, and laterality subtypes), and (3) cleft-associated subclinical phenotypes to identify variants associated with manifestations across the cleft-risk spectrum. Phenotyping for participants involved characterization of the overt clefts in cases, including affected structures (lip, alveolus, hard and soft palates), visible microforms, completeness, and laterality. Individuals with syndromic forms of OFCs were excluded from participation. Subclinical features were collected for all participants, including unaffected relatives and controls. Orbicularis oris (upper lip muscle) defects were assessed by high-resolution ultrasonography and scored by three independent raters. Lip print patterns were assessed by digital photography and scored for paramedical whorls by three independent raters. Velopharyngeal insufficiency was assessed with perceptual screening by a speech-language pathology expert. This dataset has potential to improve knowledge of the genetic contributors to OFCs, subtypes, and associated subclinical phenotypes by facilitating genetic association discovery, meta-analysis, and replication efforts. Findings may ultimately be useful for predicting OFC risk and recurrence, and may enhance our understanding of OFC biology.

  Study phs002815

• Genomic and Immune Profiling of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases

  Previous work has shown that breast cancer brain metastases (BCBrM) can have unique molecular profiles compared to extracranial tumors (ECTs), resulting in some patients demonstrating subtype switching between primary/extracranial tumors and brain metastases. Description of the biology of BCBrM and associations between biological features and clinical outcomes, particularly between molecular intrinsic subtypes, will facilitate the design of rational therapies for patients with BCBrM. To better characterize the molecular profiles of BCBrM, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) and total RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on BCBrM tissues, regardless of clinical or molecular subtype, obtained from a cohort of 42 patients from Duke University Medical Center. This cohort adds valuable patient samples to the field and enables strengthened investigation of somatic mutations, copy number alterations, gene expression profiles, and immune populations within and between BCBrM patients and other similar cohorts. The Duke BCBrM cohort includes clinical and molecular annotation of the 42 patient specimens and their associated WES and RNA-Seq data. Clinical and molecular (PAM50) intrinsic subtypes in ECTs and brain metastases were largely concordant within patients. There were observed differences in intrinsic subtype calls between frozen and FFPE specimens of the same tissue, with discordance mostly observed with LumB calls. Copy number alterations in chromosomal regions included clinically relevant genes, and somatic alterations were largely conserved within patients across matched samples, with few genes, including TP53, being recurrently altered in the majority of patient specimens. In matched FFPE brain metastasis and ECT samples, we observed differentially expressed genes and pathways that had increased or decreased expression in brain metastasis, including in oxidative phosphorylation and DNA repair. Survival outcomes for patients differed by intrinsic molecular subtypes, with some association between expression of select gene pathways and survival. Data available through dbGaP will be the sequencing data and sample attributes from BCBrM tissues obtained from 42 patients from Duke University Medical Center.

  Study phs003673

• ImmunAID

  The ImmunAID study is a multi-center research program aimed at improving the diagnosis and understanding of systemic autoinflammatory diseases. The study integrates immunological, and molecular data from patients across several European cohorts. Its objective is to identify biomarkers and biological pathways that characterize disease mechanisms and help differentiate between inflammatory conditions. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 779295. The project has generated genomic datasets, which are available through the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA). In addition, it has produced several non-genomic datasets, listed below. All datasets have been fully anonymized in accordance with applicable ethical and regulatory frameworks. These non-genomic data are available upon request. To request access to these datasets, please contact: immunaid2024@gmail.com Your request will be studied by the Data Access Committee, and data will be made available upon approval. Non-genomic datasets available: Flow cytometry (general immune phenotype) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021569, size: 23 GB, 342 patients Somascan proteomics data — Dataset ID: ICKD2021570, size: 59 MB, 444 patients ELISA panel (Ferritin, CRP, HO1, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF-α) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021571, size: 295 KB, 439 patients Mass spectrometry (MS/MS) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021572, size: 1.8 TB, 447 patients ELISA (CRP/ SAA) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021573, size: 321 KB, 443 patients Flow cytometry (inflammasome activity) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021574, size: 899 KB, 307 patients Plasma lipidomics — Dataset ID: ICKD2021575, size: 1.1 MB, 427 patients Urine lipidomics — Dataset ID: ICKD2021576, size: 833 KB, 368 patients ELISA (alarmins) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021577, size: 129 KB, 108 patients ELISA (IL-18 / IL-1) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021578, size: 271 KB, 330 patients Flow cytometry (NK cell alterations) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021579, size: 14 GB, 216 patients Chemokine measurements — Dataset ID: ICKD2021580, size: 489 KB, 404 patients Luminex (multiple analyte measurements) — Dataset ID: ICKD2021581, size: 759 KB, 369 patients

  Study EGAS50000001393

• Next-Generation Sequencing of RNA and DNA Isolated from Paired Fresh-Frozen and Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Samples of Human Cancer and Normal Tissue

  Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are an invaluable resource for clinical research. However, nucleic acids extracted from FFPE tissues are fragmented and chemically modified making them challenging to use in molecular studies. We analysed 23 fresh-frozen (FF), 35 FFPE and 38 paired FF/FFPE specimens, representing six different human tissue types (bladder, prostate and colon carcinoma; liver and colon normal tissue; reactive tonsil) in order to examine the potential use of FFPE samples in next-generation sequencing (NGS) based retrospective and prospective clinical studies. Two methods for DNA and three methods for RNA extraction from FFPE tissues were compared and were found to affect nucleic acid quantity and quality. DNA and RNA from selected FFPE and paired FF/FFPE specimens were used for exome and transcriptome analysis. Preparations of DNA Exome-Seq libraries was more challenging (29.5 % success) than that of RNA-Seq libraries, presumably because of modifications to FFPE tissue-derived DNA. Libraries could still be prepared from RNA isolated from two-decade old FFPE tissues. Data were analysed using the CLC Bio Genomics Workbench and revealed systematic differences between FF and FFPE tissue-derived nucleic acid libraries. In spite of this, pairwise analysis of DNA Exome-Seq data showed concordance for 70-80 % of variants in FF and FFPE samples stored for fewer than three years. RNA-Seq data showed high correlation of expression profiles in FF/FFPE pairs (Pearson Correlations of 0.90 +/- 0.05), irrespective of storage time (up to 244 months) and tissue type. A common set of 1,494 genes was identified with expression profiles that were significantly different between paired FF and FFPE samples irrespective of tissue type. Our results are promising and suggest that NGS can be used to study FFPE specimens in both prospective and retrospective archive-based studies in which FF specimens are not available.

  Study EGAS00001000737

• Characterization of genetic intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer and matching patient-derived spheroid cultures.

  Patient-derived in vitro cultures of colorectal cancer (CRC) may help guide treatment strategies prior to patient treatment. However, most previous studies have been performed on a single biopsy per tumor. The purpose of this study was to analyze multiple spatially distinct biopsies from CRCs and see how well intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) was recapitulated in matching patient-derived spheroids. Three to five biopsies were collected from six CRC tumors. Each biopsy was split in two; one half was used for spheroid culturing, the other half was used for direct DNA and RNA purification. For two of the patients, lymph node metastases were analyzed. Somatic mutations were called from whole exome sequencing data. Each tumor contained multiple mutations shared across all biopsies and spheroids, including major CRC drivers such as APC, KRAS, and TP53. At the same time, all tumors exhibited ITH on both mutation and copy number level. The concordance between biopsies and spheroids ranged between 40-70% for coding mutations. For three of the patients the biopsy and spheroid from matching areas clustered together, meaning that the spheroid resembled the area of origin more than the other areas. However, all biopsies and spheroids contained private mutations. Thereby, multiple cultures from spatially distinct sites of the tumor increase the insight into the genetic profile of the entire tumor. RNA sequencing based molecular subtyping was stable and seemed independent of genetic ITH. In conclusion, all examined CRC tumors contained genetic ITH on mutation and copy number level. Spheroid cultures partly reflected this ITH, meaning that multiple cultures from distinct sites of the tumor improved the representation of the different genetic subclones in the primary tumor. This should be taken in to account when establishing patient-derived models for drug screening.

  Study EGAS00001002684

• Molecular characterization of Barrett’s esophagus at single cell resolution

  Backgrounds & Aims: Patient with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) have an increased risk to develop esophageal adenocarcinoma and are under periodical endoscopic surveillance for malignant transformation. Pathologists distinguish between different BE stages to identify high-risk patients, but this process remains difficult as stage-specific markers are still missing. We established BE organoid cultures, applied single cell sequencing approaches to identify differences in gene expression and genomic alterations, and validated candidate genes for their predictive value on histological sections. Methods: We collected 43 epithelial biopsies from 21 patients, established organoids for the clonal expansion of matching healthy and diseased tissue from two patients to identify genomic alterations by whole genome sequencing (WGS). We performed single cell DNA-sequencing (scDNAseq) to analyse DNA alterations within biopsies from 8 patients and single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) to identify gene expression differences between BE stages from 19 patients. Candidate marker genes were then validated by RNA in situ hybridization experiments on histological resection specimen. Results: Most BE biopsies were chromosomal stable (CS) and their single base substitution (SBS) signatures were indistinguishable from the healthy control tissues. Dysplastic BE cells contained areas of chromosomal instabilities (CIN), which differed by the presence of the SBS17 signatures from biopsy-matching CS cells or patient-matching healthy control cells. Such CIN areas affected efficient clustering of the scRNAseq data. We identified two sets of marker genes (SLC5A5, PSCA, LIPF and ANPEP, CEACAM6, REG4), which distinguish columnar BE epithelium from non-dysplastic/dysplastic stages. CLDN2 allowed the distinction between dysplastic and more advanced stages as its expression level increased and spread in dysplastic BE glands. Conclusions: Molecular characterization of BE samples identified a correlation between the presence of CIN and COSMIC signature 17, and we report seven marker genes that help in distinguishing different BE stages.

  Study EGAS00001005221

• Massive Genomic Rearrangment Acquired in a Single Catastrophic Event During Cancer Development

  Cancer is driven by mutation. Using Agilent exome hybridisation capture and Illumina GA massively parallel sequencing technology, we aim to sequence ~1600 microRNAs plus the protein coding genome of 25 matched human renal cancer samples. Bespoke algorithms are being developed to identify the somatically acquired point mutations, insertions and deletions in these samples. This project will give unprecedented insights into mutational processes, cellular repair pathways and gene networks associated with renal cancer development.Agilent whole exome hybridisation capture will be performed on genomic DNA derived from 25 renal cancers and matched normal DNA from the same patients. Three lanes of Illumina GA sequencing will be performed on the resulting 50 exome libraries and mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the identification of novel cancer genes.

  Study EGAS00000000029

• Combined PDCD1, BRAF and MAP2K7 Inhibition in BRAFV600E Colorectal Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial

  In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of combined PDCD1, BRAF, and MAP2K7 inhibition in metastatic BRAFV600E Colorectal Cancer (CRC) patients (NCT03668431). We performed bulk whole exome sequencing (WXS) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in 35 pre-treatment tumor biopsies and matching germline for tumor mutational burden (TMB), BM1/BM2 transcriptional subtypes, and consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) analysis, which were previously reported to affect prognosis and response to therapy (PMIDs: 32047001, 27354468, and 26457756). Analysis of bulk data showed that TMB, BM1/BM2 subtypes, and CMS did not correlate with clinical response in this study. Analysis of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data of tumor epithelial cells from 23 paired day 0 and day 15 tumor biopsies revealed greater induction of tumor cell-intrinsic immune programs and more complete MAPK inhibition in patients with better clinical outcome.

  Study phs003178

• DAC of the STIC project

  Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) originates in the fallopian tube, with secretory cells carrying a TP53 mutation, known as ‘p53 signatures’, identified as potential precursors. p53 signatures evolve into serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STIC) lesions, which, in turn, progress into invasive HGSC that readily spread to the ovary and disseminate around the peritoneal cavity. We recently investigated the genomic landscape of early- and late-stage HGSC and found higher ploidy in late-stage (median 3.1) than early-stage (median 2.0) samples. Here, to explore whether the high ploidy and possible whole genome duplication observed in late-stage disease are determined early in the evolution of HGSC, we analysed archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples (FFPE) from five HGSC patients. p53 signatures and STIC lesions were laser-capture microdissected and sequenced using shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS), while invasive ovarian/fallopian tube and metastatic carcinoma samples underwent macrodissection and were profiled using both sWGS and targeted next generation sequencing. Results showed highly similar patterns of global copy number change between STIC lesions and invasive carcinoma samples within each patient. Ploidy changes were evident in STIC lesions, but not p53 signatures, and there was strong correlation between ploidy in STIC lesions and invasive ovarian/fallopian tube and metastatic samples in each patient. The reconstruction of sample phylogeny for each patient from relative copy number indicated that high ploidy, when present, occurred early in the evolution of HGSC, which was further validated by copy number signatures in ovarian and metastatic tumours. These findings suggest that aberrant ploidy, suggestive of whole genome duplication, arises early in HGSC, and is detected in STIC lesions, implying that the trajectory of HGSC may be determined at the earliest stages of tumour development.

  Dac EGAC50000000227

• Cholesterol homeostasis and lipid raft dynamics at the basis of tumor-induced immune dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  Autologous T-cell therapies show limited efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where acquired immune dysfunction prevails. In CLL, disturbed mitochondrial metabolism has been linked to defective T-cell activation and proliferation. Recent research suggests that lipid metabolism regulates mitochondrial function and differentiation in T cells, yet its role in CLL remains unexplored. This comprehensive study compares T-cell lipid metabolism in CLL patients and healthy donors, revealing critical dependence on exogenous cholesterol for human T-cell expansion following TCR-mediated activation. Using multi-omics and functional assays, we found that T cells present in viably frozen samples of patients with CLL (CLL T cells) showed impaired adaptation to cholesterol deprivation and inadequate upregulation of key lipid metabolism transcription factors. CLL T cells exhibited altered lipid storage, with increased triacylglycerols and decreased cholesterol, and inefficient fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Functional consequences of reduced FAO in T cells were studied using samples from patients with inherent FAO disorders. Reduced FAO was associated with lower T-cell activation but did not affect proliferation. This implicates low cholesterol levels as a primary factor limiting T-cell proliferation in CLL. Consequently, CLL T cells displayed fewer and less clustered lipid rafts, potentially explaining the impaired immune synapse formation observed in these patients. Our findings highlight significant disruptions in lipid metabolism as drivers of functional deficiencies in CLL T cells, underscoring the pivotal role of cholesterol in T-cell proliferation. This study suggests that modulating cholesterol metabolism could enhance T-cell function in CLL, presenting novel immunotherapeutic approaches to improve outcome in this challenging disease.

  Dac EGAC50000000556

• hereditary BrEAst Case CONtrol study (BEACCON)

  The BEACCON study aimed to address the lack of power of previous studies to identify novel BC predisposition genes by performing extensive sequencing in 12,000 women (11,511 analysed following exclusions) and further enhancing power by using an ‘extreme phenotype’ design with enrichment of familial non-BRCA1 and BRCA2 cases, compared with a control population of older women with ongoing confirmation of cancer-free status at June 2019. Three-quarters of the 1303 candidate genes screened were selected based on empiric evidence from local (69 multi-case BC families) or international whole exome sequencing studies, and the remainder were included to provide detailed coverage of functional pathways with established associations with BC.

  Dataset EGAD00001007025

• META-PRISM

  A pan-cancer cohort of 1031 patients resistant to systemic therapies or with no approved therapeutic options. It includes whole-exome sequencing of 571 tumor and matched-normal samples, and transcriptome sequencing of 947 tumor samples. Biopsies were taken at entry into precision medicine trials, often after diagnosed resistance. Comprehensive clinical information is available for all patients and include patient age at biospy, tumor primary site and histological subtype, biopsy site, treatments received prior to biopsy, blood assessment results at biopsy, metastatic sites at biopsy, and survival time from the biopsy date.

  Dataset EGAD00001009684

• Targeted sequencing data for various human bulk tissues

  To estimate the contribution of early embryogenic cell lineages in adult tissues, we performed deep targeted sequencing on 379 bulk tissues from various organs of the five individuals (DB3, DB6, DB8, DB9, DB10). Of the 441 early embryonic mutations targeted, 411 mutations could have high-quality baits designed for them. DNA libraries were prepared by SureSelectXT Library Prep Kit (Agilent), hybridized to the appropriate capture panel, multiplexed on flow cells, and subjected to paired-end sequencing (150-bp reads) on the NovaSeq 6000 platform (Illumina) with a mean ~2,900x depth of coverage for the early mutations. Sequence reads were trimmed and mapped to the human reference genome (GRCh37) using the BWA-MEM algorithm.

  Dataset EGAD00001007704

• Characterization of Cell Free Plasma Methyl-DNA From Xenografted Tumors to Guide the Selection of Diagnostic Markers for Early-Stage Cancers

  Circulating cell-free methyl-DNA (mcfDNA) contains promising cancer markers but its low abundance and possibly diverse origin pose challenges toward the accurate diagnosis of early stage cancers. By whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from about 0.5 mL plasma of mice xenografted with human tumors, we obtained and aligned the reads to the human genome, filtered out the mouse and carrier bacterial sequences, and confirmed the tumor origin of methyl-cfDNA (mctDNA) by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion prior to species-specific PCR. We estimated that human tumor-specific reads (ctDNA) or mctDNA comprised about 0.29 or 0.01%, respectively of the xenograft mouse cfDNA, and about 0.029 or 0.001% of the cfDNA of human early stage cancer patients. Similar WGBS of early stage (0-II, node- and metastasis-free) breast, lung or colorectal cancer samples identified hundreds of specific DMRs (differentially methylated regions) compared to healthy controls. Their association with tumourigenesis was supported by stage-dependent methylation, tumor suppressor or oncogene clusters, and genes also identified in the xenograft samples. Using 20 three-cancer-common and 17 colorectal cancer-specific DMRs in combination (top 0.0018% of the WGBS methylation clusters) was sufficient to distinguish the stage I colorectal cancers from breast and lung cancers and healthy controls. Our data thus confirmed the tumor origin of mctDNA by sequence specificity, and provide a selection threshold for authentic tumor mctDNA markers toward precise diagnosis of early stage cancers solely by top DMRs in combination.

  Dataset EGAD00001008696

• Burden of DNMs in children born conceived using ART

  The dataset is composed by processed whole genome sequencing data generated from 53 children and their respective parents, forming 49 trios (mother, father and child) and 2 quartets (mother, father and two siblings). A total of 18 children were born after spontaneous conception (n = 18); 17 children were born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and another 18 children were born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection combined with testicular sperm extraction (ICSI-TESE)

  Dataset EGAD00001008208

• WTS and WES of Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumors From a Phase III Anti-Angiogenic Adjuvant Therapy Trial

  Archival de-identified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded RCC tumor tissue blocks from nephrectomy or tumor biopsy were processed as per below and the same sections were used for both DNA and RNA extractions. For WES (ACE version 3; Illumina NovaSeq), samples were profiled using Personalis ACE Cancer Exome (Personalis, Inc, Menlo Park, CA) Whole-transcriptome profiles were generated by RNA-seq (Accuracy and Content Enhanced (ACE) version 3; Illumina NovaSeq) using Personalis ACE Cancer Transcriptome (Personalis, Inc, Menlo Park, CA ) Of the 615 patients in the intent-to-treat population in S-TRAC trial, 193 individual specimens were available for molecular profiling, of which 171 (27.8%) (sunitinib, n = 91; placebo, n = 80) returned results for the WES analysis, and 133 (21.6%) (sunitinib, n = 72; placebo, n = 61) returned results for the GES analysis. Of the 138 WTS samples with data, replicates for two patients were summarized by median expression, and three samples were excluded from the final analysis due to low counts.

  Dataset EGAD00001009294

• Genomic analysis for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCs) are characterized by their rarity, difficulty in diagnosis, and overall poor prognosis. We performed comprehensive genomic characterization of treatment-naive iCC. This study reports a large-scale genomic analysis of iCC. The findings could assist in patient stratification with iCCs and in developing rational therapeutic strategies.

  Dataset EGAD00001008557

• Reference Epigenomes and Regulatory Landscape of CLL

  Analysis of the reference epigenomes and regulatory landscape of CLL as a whole and its major clinico-biological subtypes (with mutated and unmutated IGHV) in the light of the normal B-cell differentiation. We have extensively characterized the reference epigenomes of seven primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples (CLLs) with mutated (n=5) and unmutated IGHV (n=2) as well as several mature B-cell subpopulations (naive B cells from blood and tonsil, germinal center B cells, memory B cells and plasma cells from tonsil) using genome-wide maps of six histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K36me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), DNA accessibility (ATAC-seq), DNA methylation (whole-genome bisulfite sequencing) and gene expression (RNA-seq). Furthermore, we have mapped the regulatory chromatin landscape of 100 additional CLL cases using chIP-seq of H3K27ac and ATAC-seq and linked these data to additional layers of information (whole-genome and/or whole-exome sequencing (WGS/WES), RNA-seq and DNA methylation microarrays) studied in the context of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC).

  Dataset EGAD00001004046

• Characterization and clinical relevance of the genomic alterations defining invasive lobular breast cancer

  Background: Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC) is the second most common histological subtype after ductal breast cancer (IDBC). In spite of significant clinical and pathological differences, ILBC is still treated as IDBC. Here, we aimed at identifying recurrent genomic alterations in ILBC with potential clinical implications.Methods: Starting from 630 ILBC primary tumors with a median follow up of 10 years, we interrogated oncogenic substitutions and indels of 360 cancer genes and genome-wide copy number alterations in 413 and 170 ILBC samples, respectively, and correlated those findings with clinical, pathological, and outcome features. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used for comparison of frequency estimates.Results: Besides the high mutation frequency of CDH1 in 65% of the tumors, alterations in one of the three key genes of the PI3K pathway, PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT1, were present in more than half of the cases. ERBB2 and ERBB3 were mutated in 5.1 and 3.6% of the tumors. FOXA1 mutations and ESR1 copy number gains were detected in 9% and 25% of the samples. All these alterations were more frequent in ILBC than IDBC. The histological diversity of ILBC was associated with specific genomic alterations, such as enrichment for ERBB2 mutations in the mixed, non-classic subtype, and for ARID1A mutations and ESR1 gains in the solid subtype. Finally, ERBB2 and AKT1 mutations were associated with short-term risk of relapse, and chromosome 1q and 11p gain with increased and decreased breast cancer free survival, respectively.Conclusion: ERBB2, ERBB3 and AKT1 mutations represent high prevalence therapeutic targets in ILBC. FOXA1 mutations and ESR1 gains urgently deserve dedicated clinical investigation, especially in the context of endocrine treatment.

  Dataset EGAD00001001395

• scRNAseq of colonic organoids derived from biopsies taken from healthy human individuals treated with IL22

  scRNAseq dataset of colonic organoids derived from epithelium from biopsies taken from three healthy human individuals. The organoids have either been grown in standard conditions (control) or treated with IL22 (treated). Includes 6 samples in total, one control from each individual (ctrl1, ctrl2, ctrl3) and one treated from each (treat1, treat2, treat3). The samples have been multiplexed using the antibody hashing technique. The 6 samples have been pooled into the one organoids sample. In order to analyse the raw files, they have to be demultiplexed first. Information necessary for demultiplexing, as well as which files belong to which sample, can be found in the map_file.csv, attached to each sample. Dataset includes raw Fastq files and processed csv count matrices. Fastq files are divided into HTO (hashtag) and RNA (transcriptome) files. HTO has one index (I1) and two read (R1, R2) files and RNA has two index (I1, I2) and two read (R1, R2) files. The fastq files are for the pooled (organoids) sample and need to be demultiplexed. Count matrices contain comma-separated values with cell barcodes as column names and gene names as row names. Since count matrices have been created after the demultiplexing step, there’s one matrix for each of the 6 individual samples. scRNA-seq data from human colon organoids was analysed in the same manner as for the Colitis dataset, apart from the following changes. Data was generated with the Cell Hashing technique, which uses oligo-tagged antibodies against surface proteins to barcode single cells. This allows for samples to be multiplexed together and run in a single experiment. The data was demultiplexed using the HTODemux() function from Seurat (Hao et al., 2021).

  Dataset EGAD00001010168

• Determining genome-wide binding of ETS2 by CUT&RUN in primary human macrophages

  This dataset consists of sequencing data from an ETS2 CUT&RUN experiment in primary inflammatory (TPP) macrophages (n = 2). Pre-cultured TPP macrophages were harvested and processed immediately using the CUT&RUN Assay kit (Cell Signaling) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with the following modifications (essentially, avoiding the use of ConA-coated beads). Anti-ETS2 (ThermoFisher) or IgG control (Cell Signaling) antibodies were used for targeted digestion of chromatin. For each donor, 5x10^5 cells were pelleted, washed in Wash Buffer, and resuspended in Antibody Binding buffer. Cells were incubated with antibodies (1:100 dilution for anti-ETS2) for 2h at 4°C. After washing in Digitonin Buffer, cells were incubated with pA/G-MNase for 1h at 4°C. Cells were washed twice in Digitonin Buffer, resuspended in the same buffer and cooled for 5 minutes on ice. Calcium chloride was added to activate pA/G-MNase digestion and cells were incubated for 30 minutes at 4°C before Stop Buffer was added, and cells were incubated for 10 min at 37°C to release cleaved chromatin fragments. Supernatants were collected by centrifugation and DNA extracted using DNA Purification Buffers and Spin Columns (Cell Signaling). Library preparation was performed according to a protocols.IO protocol (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bagaibse) using the NEBNext Ultra II DNA Library Prep Kit. Size selection was performed using AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter) and fragment sizes were determined using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (High Sensitivity DNA kit). Equimolar pools of indexed libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (100bp PE reads). Raw data are provided as 100 bp paired-end Illumina reads.

  Dataset EGAD00001011349

• H3K27ac ChIP-seq in primary inflammatory macrophages from 2 minor allele homozygotes and 2 major allele homozygotes at rs2836882

  This dataset consists of H3K27ac ChIP-sequencing in inflammatory (TPP) macrophages from 2 minor allele homozygotes and 2 major allele homozygotes at rs2836882. Monocytes were positively selected from PBMC using CD14 Microbeads and inflammatory macrophage differentiation performed using conditions that model chronic inflammation (TPP): 3 days GM-CSF (50ng/mL) followed by 3 days GM-CSF, TNFa (50ng/mL), PGE2 (1mg/mL), and Pam3CSK4 (1mg/mL). After harvesting, cells were cross-linked, quenched, lysed, and sheared. Immunoprecipitation of histone-DNA complexes was performed overnight at 4C with rotation using an anti-H3K27ac antibody and the SimpleChIP Plus Sonication ChIP kit (Cell Signaling Technology). Following reverse cross-linking, 50ng of immunoprecipitated DNA or input DNA were used to prepare sequencing libraries using the iDeal Library Preparation kit (Diagenode), according to manufacturer instructions. 10 PCR cycles were used for the amplification step and size selection was not performed. The quality and molarity of all libraries was assessed using a BioAnalyzer 2100 (Agilent) and the libraries were sequenced in pools of 8, with each pool being sequenced in 2 lanes of an Illumina HiSeq2500 high output flow-cell (50bp, single-end reads). Raw data are provided as raw and aligned single-end sequencing reads from H3K27ac-bound DNA and the input chromatin. Raw reads were trimmed using Trim Galore and aligned to the reference human genome (hg19) using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (v0.7.12) with default parameters. Aligned reads were converted to BAM files, sorted, and technical duplicates merged before indexing – all using SAMtools (v1.4). PCR duplicates were identified using Picard tools (v2.18.1) and removed together with unmapped reads using SAMtools (v1.4). The resulting BAM files were re-sorted and indexed after filtering.

  Dataset EGAD00001011351

• Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study - Maternal Glycemia and Birthweight GEI Study

  Low and high birth weight are not only major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, but epidemiological data have established an association between birth weight and later life risk of adult metabolic diseases. Fetal growth is determined by complex interactions between fetal genes and the maternal uterine environment. Subtle or overt variation in maternal glucose tolerance, which is, in part, genetically determined, is related to fetal size at birth. Moreover, new emerging data suggest that genetic variation in the fetus can impact maternal metabolism (e.g., blood pressure and glucose tolerance). Given the above, we are addressing the hypothesis that, during pregnancy, gene-environment interactions in the context of the maternal-fetal unit impact fetal size at birth and maternal metabolism. Genes that control fetal growth or maternal metabolism during pregnancy are largely unknown, so the first step to address our hypothesis will be to identify genetic variation that impacts fetal growth and maternal metabolism and to determine the interaction of that variation with the intrauterine and fetal environment. To accomplish this, we are performing genome wide association (GWA) mapping on a subset of ~37,000 DNA samples that were collected from mothers and their offspring as part of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study. HAPO is a multicenter, international study in which high quality phenotypic data related to fetal growth and maternal glucose metabolism has been collected from 25,000 pregnant women of varied racial and socio-demographic backgrounds using standardized protocols that were uniform across centers. For these studies, we are genotyping 1,500 infants and their mothers of European descent, 1,250 Afro-Caribbean infants and mothers, 800 Hispanic (Mexican-American) infants and mothers, and 1200 Thai infants and mothers. Genotyping is being performed using the Illumina Human610 Quad (European ancestry participants), Human1M Duo (Afro-Caribbean and Hispanic participants), and Omni1-Quad_v1-0_B (Thai participants). The specific aims for the project are as follows: (1) To apply analytic approaches for conducting GWA mapping studies on quantitative phenotypes related to offspring size at birth (birth weight, ponderal index, head circumference and adiposity) allowing for other known influences such as gestational age, parity, and maternal weight gain. (2) To apply the above approaches to identify genetic variation that impacts maternal glucose tolerance at ~28 weeks of gestation (fasting glucose, glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin sensitivity expressed as quantitative traits) allowing for other known influences such as maternal weight gain, parity and age. (3) To examine the interaction between maternal genes, the intrauterine environment, and fetal genes to identify interactions that modulate genetic regulation of size at birth and fetal genetic variation that impacts on maternal glucose tolerance. GWA mapping will provide initial evidence for association of specific SNPs with the quantitative traits outlined above. As low and high birth weight are not only major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality but have also been associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases in adults, identification of genes that regulate fetal growth and maternal metabolism will provide novel information about the pathways that regulate these processes as well as important insight into susceptibility genes for chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes. The Version 1 (v1) dbGaP release will include data only from the Hispanic study participants. The Version 2 (v2) dbGaP release will include data from the Hispanic and European ancestry study participants. The Version 3 (v3) dbGaP release will include data from the Afro-Caribbean, Hispanic and European ancestry participants. The Version 4 (v4) dbGaP release will include data from all participants (i.e., Afro-Caribbean, Hispanic, European ancestry, and Thai participants). This study is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative (GENEVA, http://www.genevastudy.org) funded by the trans-NIH Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI). The overarching goal is to identify novel genetic factors that contribute to maternal metabolism and birthweight through large-scale genome-wide association studies of infants and their mothers at multiple international sites. Genotyping was performed at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and at CIDR of Johns Hopkins University, GENEVA genotyping centers. Data cleaning and harmonization was performed at the GEI-funded GENEVA Coordinating Center at the University of Washington.

  Study phs000096

• Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease (HCT for SCD)

  The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) is a hematopoietic cell transplant registry that was established in 1972 at the Medical College of Wisconsin. The overarching goal of the registry is to study trends in transplantations and to advance the understanding and application of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for malignant and non-malignant diseases. Included in this dataset are children, adolescents and young adults with severe sickle cell disease who received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant in the United States and provided written informed consent for research.Hematopoietic cell transplant for sickle cell disease is curative. Offering this treatment for patients with severe disease is challenging as only about 20-25% of patients expected to benefit have an HLA-matched sibling. Consequently, several transplantations have utilized an HLA-matched or mismatched unrelated adult donor and HLA-mismatched relative. Transplantation strategies have also evolved over time that has included transplant conditioning regimens of varying intensity, grafts other than bone marrow and novel approaches to overcome the donor-recipient histocompatibility barrier and limit graft-versus-host disease. The data that is available for sickle cell disease transplants have been utilized to report on outcomes after transplantation and compare outcomes after transplantation of grafts HLA-matched related, HLA-mismatched related, HLA-matched and HLA-mismatched unrelated donors. Collectively, these data have advanced our knowledge and understanding of hematopoietic cell transplant for this disease. These data can also serve as "contemporaneous controls" for comparison with other more recent curative treatments like gene therapy and gene editing.Data available for request include allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants for sickle cell disease (Hb SS and Hb Sβ thalassemia) in the United States from 1991 to 2019. Follow-up data through December 2020 are available.Instructions for requesting individual-level data are available on BioData Catalyst at https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/data/. Apply for data access in dbGaP. Upon approval, users may begin accessing requested data in BioData Catalyst. For questions about availability, you may contact the BioData Catalyst team at https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/contact.

  Study phs002385

• Precision Medicine for ABCA4 Disease: Modifier Alleles

  Genetic variation affecting the structure and function of the ABCA4 protein gives rise to a broad collection of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases, collectively known as ABCA4 disease, which are characterized by both phenotypic overlap and variable penetrance and expressivity. These include autosomal recessive Stargardt disease, cone-rod dystrophy, occult maculopathy, bull's eye macular dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa-like retinal dystrophy, etc. Some phenotypic variation can be attributed to variability of highly penetrant ABCA4 mutations; however, much of the heterogeneity cannot be explained by ABCA4 mutations alone. The concept of Precision Medicine requires, by definition, identification of all genetic variation contributing to specific disease phenotypes. The main goal of this study is to identify all genetic variation resulting in phenotypes compatible with ABCA4 disease, which, in addition to biallelic disease-causing variants in the ABCA4 locus, include cis- and trans-acting modifiers and mutations in genes other than ABCA4.The study was carried out by performing whole exome sequencing (WES) of affected individuals to identify causal and modifying genetic variation for patients with macular dystrophies compatible with ABCA4 disease. All samples were sequenced with the IDT's Exome Research Panel Version 1 with SeqCap EZ Exome v2 and SeqCap EZ Exome v3 capture kits. Samples were sequenced on Illumina next-generation sequencing machines (San Diego, CA, USA) using DRAGEN Bio-IT Platform v. 2.5.1 (Illumina) to align reads to the Genome Reference Consortium Human Build 37, calling variants in accordance with the Genome Analysis Tool Kit (GATK, v.4.0.2.1) Best Practices Workflow, using ATAV (v.7.0.16) variant-calling pipeline. Variants for analysis were restricted to the consensus coding sequencing public transcripts (CCDS release 20) plus 2 base pair (bp) intronic extensions. Variants were annotated using ClinEff (DnaMiner) with Ensembl-HGRCh37.73 annotations.This set of WES data from unrelated patients of different racial and ethnic backgrounds can be stored and shared through dbGaP. These data provide information on frequencies of disease-causing variants in genes other than ABCA4 in patients with macular dystrophies. These also provide frequencies of selected pathogenic and none-pathogenic variants in different ethnicities.

  Study phs002393

• HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER): Genomic Diagnosis in Children with Developmental Delay

  The overarching goal of this project is to explore the ability for whole exome and genome sequencing technologies to identify the genetic causes of unexplained developmental delay, intellectual disability (DD/ID), and related congenital anomalies in children. Such information may be useful as an endpoint to the otherwise fruitless "diagnostic odyssey" that many DD/ID affected families undergo and in some cases, identification of these genetic variants may point to better therapeutic or educational options by precisely defining the root cause(s) of the child's condition. We seek to identify causal, diagnostically relevant, genetic variants in children with developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (DD/ID). In addition, because our analytical approach includes sequencing probands and their parents (parent-offspring trios and duos; parents are sequenced when available), secondary findings will be returned to adults (parents) at their request. The aims of this research project include: 1) Use exome and whole genome sequencing to identify genetic variation that results in DD/ID. 2) Return primary genetic results (DD/ID causative) as well as secondary findings to probands and their parents, respectively. 3) Understand how the return of genomic test results affects the health and well-being of study participants. The children participating in this study are patients at, or referrals to, North Alabama Children's Specialist (NACS) in Huntsville, Alabama. All blood samples from probands and their parents will be collected at NACS (project 1). Sequencing will be completed at the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, with validation (via Sanger sequencing) conducted at Emory University for all returned variants (project 2). The University of Louisville will oversee questionnaires, surveys and interviews aimed at understanding study participants' perception of, and response to, genetic test results, in addition to assessment of secondary findings preferences (project 3).A subset of variants, largely those determined to be diagnostic or variants of uncertain significance for study participants at the time of disclosure, have been submitted to ClinVar. These variants are listed as part of the "CSER-HudsonAlpha" study within the database.

  Study phs001089

• METSIM (METabolic Syndrome In Men) Study

  The METSIM Study includes 10,197 men, aged from 45 to 73 years, randomly selected from the population register of the town of Kuopio, Eastern Finland, and examined in 2005-2010. The aim of the study is to investigate genetic and non-genetic factors associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and insulin resistance-related traits in a cross-sectional and longitudinal setting. Study protocol includes collection of data on CVD risk factors (smoking, exercise, diet, history of chronic diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiac failure, medication, history of diabetes or early onset coronary heart disease in the family), questionnaire on the FINDRISC Score, measurement of height, weight, waist, hip, blood pressure, and bioimpedance for the evaluation of fat percentage. July 2016 - The first study release (v1) included phenotype and whole exome sequencing (WES) data of n=982 participants in substudy: Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Exploration by Next-Generation Sequencing in Multi-Ethnic Samples (T2D-GENES) Project 1: Metabolic Syndrome in Men Study (METSIM) - phs001100.v2.p1. The second study release (v2) included phenotype data for the entire METSIM cohort and made two additional substudies available, phs000919.v1.p1 and phs000752.v1.p1. The third study release (v3) made three subcutaneous adipose biopsy substudies available, phs003385.v1.p1, phs003386.v1.p1, and phs003387.v1.p1.The fourth study release (v4) added phenotype data for the subcutaneous adipose biopsies, made two additional substudies available, phs01579.v1.p1 and phs004033.v1.p1, and is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-studies. To view genotypes, other molecular data, and derived variables collected in these sub-studies, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-studies" section of this top-level study page phs000743 METSIM Study. phs000752 METSIM FinMetSeq Exome Sequencing phs000919 METSIM GWAS and Exome Chip phs001100 METSIM T2D-GENES Exome Sequencingphs001579 METSIM CCDG Whole Genome Sequencingphs003385 METSIM Subcutaneous Adipose Needle Biopsy RNA-Seq phs003386 METSIM Subcutaneous Adipose Needle Biopsy ATAC-Seq phs003387 METSIM Subcutaneous Adipose Surgical Biopsy RNA-Seqphs004033 METSIM Metabolomics

  Study phs000743

• Characterization of Cell Free Plasma Methyl-DNA From Xenografted Tumors to Guide the Selection of Diagnostic Markers for Early-Stage Cancers

  Circulating cell-free methyl-DNA (mcfDNA) contains promising cancer markers but its low abundance and possibly diverse origin pose challenges toward the accurate diagnosis of early stage cancers. By whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from about 0.5 mL plasma of mice xenografted with human tumors, we obtained and aligned the reads to the human genome, filtered out the mouse and carrier bacterial sequences, and confirmed the tumor origin of methyl-cfDNA (mctDNA) by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion prior to species-specific PCR. We estimated that human tumor-specific reads (ctDNA) or mctDNA comprised about 0.29 or 0.01%, respectively of the xenograft mouse cfDNA, and about 0.029 or 0.001% of the cfDNA of human early stage cancer patients. Similar WGBS of early stage (0-II, node- and metastasis-free) breast, lung or colorectal cancer samples identified hundreds of specific DMRs (differentially methylated regions) compared to healthy controls. Their association with tumourigenesis was supported by stage-dependent methylation, tumor suppressor or oncogene clusters, and genes also identified in the xenograft samples. Using 20 three-cancer-common and 17 colorectal cancer-specific DMRs in combination (top 0.0018% of the WGBS methylation clusters) was sufficient to distinguish the stage I colorectal cancers from breast and lung cancers and healthy controls. Our data thus confirmed the tumor origin of mctDNA by sequence specificity, and provide a selection threshold for authentic tumor mctDNA markers toward precise diagnosis of early stage cancers solely by top DMRs in combination. Biological Materials were provided by the Ontario Tumour Bank, which is funded by the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Reference for citation: Ling Liu, Jinghua Feng, Julian Polimeni, Manli Zhang, Hai Nguyen, Urmi Das, Xu Zhang, Harminder Singh, Xiao-Jian Yao, Etienne Leygue, Sam K.P. Kung, and Xie J. Characterization of cell free plasma methyl-DNA from xenografted tumours to guide the selection of diagnostic markers for early-stage cancers. Frontiers in Oncology, 2021 Feb. 5. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.615821.

  Study EGAS00001006175

• Influence of Genomic Landscape on Cancer Immunotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer: Biomarker Analyses from the IMagyn050 Randomized Clinical Trial

  The IMagyn050 trial (NCT03038100), which evaluated the efficacy of Atezo vs placebo (Pla) with carboplatin, paclitaxel and bevacizumab (CPB) in front line ovarian cancer patient (pts), did not meet its co-primary endpoints of PFS in ITT or PD-L1+ (Moore et al. JCO 2021). The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether patients with BRCA1/2-mutated or homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) ovarian cancers benefitted from atezolizumab in the phase III IMagyn050 (NCT03038100) trial. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer were randomized to either atezolizumab or placebo with standard chemotherapy and bevacizumab. PD-L1 status of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was determined centrally (VENTANA SP142 assay). Genomic alterations, including deleterious BRCA1/2 alterations, genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), were evaluated using the FoundationOne assay. HRD was defined as gLOH ≥16%, regardless of BRCA1/2 mutation status. Potential associations between progression-free survival (PFS) and genomic biomarkers were evaluated using standard correlation analyses and log-rank of Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results Among biomarker-evaluable samples, 22% (234/1050) harbored BRCA1/2 mutations and 46% (446/980) were HRD. Median TMB was low irrespective of BRCA1/2 or HRD. Only 3% (29/1024) had TMB ≥10 mut/Mb and 0.3% (3/1022) were MSI-high. PFS was better in BRCA2-mutated versus BRCA2-non-mutated tumors and in HRD versus proficient tumors. PD-L1 positivity (≥1% expression on immune cells) was associated with HRD but not BRCA1/2 mutations. PFS was not improved by adding atezolizumab in BRCA2-mutated or HRD tumors; there was a trend toward enhanced PFS with atezolizumab in BRCA1-mutated tumors. Conclusion Most ovarian tumors have low TMB despite BRCA1/2 mutations or HRD. Neither BRCA1/2 mutation nor HRD predicted enhanced benefit from atezolizumab. This is the first randomized double-blind trial in ovarian cancer demonstrating that genomic instability triggered by BRCA1/2 mutation or HRD is not associated with improved sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

  Study EGAS00001006838

• Oxidative DNA damage and ubiquitin proteasome system dysfunction underpins neurodegeneration in young adults with a DNA repair disorder

  Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is caused by defective nucleotide excision-repair of DNA damage. This results in hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light and increased skin cancer risk, as sunlight-induced photoproducts remain unrepaired. However, many XP patients also display early-onset neurodegeneration, which leads to premature death. The mechanism of neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we investigate XP neurodegeneration using pluripotent stem cells derived from XP patients and healthy relatives, performing functional multi-omics on samples during neuronal differentiation. We have identified substantially increased levels of 5',8-cyclopurine and 8-oxopurine in XP neuronal DNA secondary to marked oxidative stress. Furthermore, we find endoplasmic reticulum stress is upregulated, and, critically, XP neurons exhibit inappropriate downregulation of the protein clearance ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Chemical enhancement of UPS activity improves phenotypes, albeit inadequately, implying that early detection/prevention strategies are necessary to produce clinically impactful outcomes. Thus, we develop an early detection assay predicting neurodegeneration in at-risk patients.

  Study EGAS50000000160

• Oxidative DNA damage and ubiquitin proteasome system dysfunction underpins neurodegeneration in young adults with a DNA repair disorder

  Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is caused by defective nucleotide excision-repair of DNA damage. This results in hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light and increased skin cancer risk, as sunlight-induced photoproducts remain unrepaired. However, many XP patients also display early-onset neurodegeneration, which leads to premature death. The mechanism of neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we investigate XP neurodegeneration using pluripotent stem cells derived from XP patients and healthy relatives, performing functional multi-omics on samples during neuronal differentiation. We have identified substantially increased levels of 5',8-cyclopurine and 8-oxopurine in XP neuronal DNA secondary to marked oxidative stress. Furthermore, we find endoplasmic reticulum stress is upregulated, and, critically, XP neurons exhibit inappropriate downregulation of the protein clearance ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Chemical enhancement of UPS activity improves phenotypes, albeit inadequately, implying that early detection/prevention strategies are necessary to produce clinically impactful outcomes. Thus, we develop an early detection assay predicting neurodegeneration in at-risk patients.

  Study EGAS50000000162

• Oxidative DNA damage and ubiquitin proteasome system dysfunction underpins neurodegeneration in young adults with a DNA repair disorder

  Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is caused by defective nucleotide excision-repair of DNA damage. This results in hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light and increased skin cancer risk, as sunlight-induced photoproducts remain unrepaired. However, many XP patients also display early-onset neurodegeneration, which leads to premature death. The mechanism of neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we investigate XP neurodegeneration using pluripotent stem cells derived from XP patients and healthy relatives, performing functional multi-omics on samples during neuronal differentiation. We have identified substantially increased levels of 5',8-cyclopurine and 8-oxopurine in XP neuronal DNA secondary to marked oxidative stress. Furthermore, we find endoplasmic reticulum stress is upregulated, and, critically, XP neurons exhibit inappropriate downregulation of the protein clearance ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Chemical enhancement of UPS activity improves phenotypes, albeit inadequately, implying that early detection/prevention strategies are necessary to produce clinically impactful outcomes. Thus, we develop an early detection assay predicting neurodegeneration in at-risk patients.

  Study EGAS50000000158

• Single cell sequencing data of PBMC and CSF from a cohort of Multiple Sclerosis patients and other neurological disease controls

  Neuroinflammation is often characterised by immune cell infiltrates in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the functional characteristics of these cells in patients with various inflammatory, infectious and non-inflammatory neurological disorders. We show that CSF is distinct from the peripheral blood in terms of both cellular composition and gene expression. We report that the cellular and transcriptional landscape of CSF is altered in neuroinflammation, but is strikingly similar across different neuroinflammatory disorders. We find clonal expansion of CSF B and T cells in all disorders but most pronounced in inflammatory diseases, and we functionally characterise the transcriptional features of these cells. Finally, we explore the genetic control of gene expression in CSF lymphocytes. Our results highlight the common features of immune cells in the CSF compartment across diverse neurological diseases and may help to identify new targets for drug development or repurposing in Multiple Sclerosis.

  Study EGAS50000000739

• T cell receptor repertoire in cell-free DNA as a proxy for tumor infiltrates in patients treated with pembrolizumab

  Profiling tumour and systemic T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires can identify features associated with clinical benefit of cancer patients on immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This study reports on diversity and specificity analysis of TCR sequences from 59 tumor, 306 peripheral blood (PBMC), and 73 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from 81 patients with solid tumors treated with pembrolizumab. This analysis reveals that head and neck carcinomas have significantly lower PBMC diversity and shorter persistence of pembrolizumab-induced diversification compared to other cancers. Using GLIPHII (Grouping Lymphocyte Interactions with Paratope Hotspots), we find that tumor-derived clonotypes form non-microbial specificity signatures that are shared across patients and cancer types. Tumor-derived clonotypes are enriched in cfDNA compared to PBMCs, despite the diversity of cfDNA TCR repertories being two orders of magnitude lower than PBMCs. TCRs shared between tumors and cfDNAs persist in PBMCs beyond 50 weeks of treatment, suggesting cfDNA captures clonotypes contributing to anti-tumor immune surveillance.

  Study EGAS50000001306

• A biobank of patient-derived pediatric brain tumor models

  Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Genomic studies have provided insights into molecular subgroups and oncogenic drivers of pediatric brain tumors that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. To evaluate new treatments, better preclinical models adequately reflecting the biological heterogeneity are needed. Through the Children’s Oncology Group ACNS02B3 study, we have generated and comprehensively characterized 30 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models and 7 cell lines representing 14 molecular subgroups of pediatric brain tumors. Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models were found to be representative of the human tumors they were derived from in terms of histology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression, DNA methylation, copy number, and mutational profiles. In vivo drug sensitivity of targeted therapeutics was associated with distinct molecular tumor subgroups and specific genetic alterations. These models and their molecular characterization provide an unprecedented resource for the cancer community to study key oncogenic drivers and to evaluate novel treatment strategies.

  Study EGAS00001002536

• Sequence data for study: Mobilization of tissue-resident memory CD4+ T lymphocytes from bone marrow and their contribution to a systemic secondary immune reaction

  Resident memory T lymphocytes (TRM) of epithelial tissues and the bone marrow protect their host tissue. To what extent these cells are mobilized and contribute to systemic immune reactions is less clear. Here we show that in secondary immune reactions to the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, CD4+ TRM are mobilized into the blood within 16 to 48 hours after immunization. This mobilization of TRM is cognate: TRM recognizing other antigens are not mobilized, unless they cross-react with the vaccine. We also demonstrate through methylome analyses that TRM are mobilized from the bone marrow. These mobilized cells make significant contribution to the systemic immune reaction, as evidenced by their T-cell receptor Vβ clonotypes represented among the newly generated circulating memory T-cells, 14 days after vaccination. Thus, TRM of the bone marrow confer not only local, but also systemic immune memory.

  Study EGAS00001005475

• A molecular signature for IL-10-producing Th1 cells in protozoan parasitic diseases

  Control of the intracellular parasites that cause malaria and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is dependent on the generation of pro-inflammatory, IFNγ+ Tbet+ CD4+ T (Th1) cells by infected hosts. Immunoregulatory IL-10 produced by Th1 cells serves to mitigate subsequent inflammation and related disease pathology. However, these IL-10-producing Th1 (Tr1) cells can also not only promote parasite persistence, but may impair immunity to re-infection and potential vaccine efficacy. Here, we identify molecular and phenotypic signatures that distinguish Th1 cells from Tr1 cells in both experimental VL, caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with the human parasite Leishmania donovani, and in Plasmodium falciparum-infected humans participating in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies. Such characterisations allow for the better understanding of Tr1 cell development and function in the context of these parasitic diseases, and for the identification of targets for immune modulation to improve anti-parasitic immunity.

  Study EGAS00001004454

• Oncogenic cooperation in a human de novo T-ALL model

  We previously modelled T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) by over-expressing four oncogenes (activated NOTCH1, LMO2, TAL1, and BMI1) in healthy human umbilical cord blood cells through lentiviral transduction (Kusakabe et al, Nat Commun 10, 2913 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10510-8). We have now tested individual effects of the four oncogenes by transducing human cells with all possible combinations of one, two, three, and four oncogenes. We also tested the effects of additional known T-ALL oncogenes including HOXA9, LYL1, MEF2C, NXK2.1, TLX1, and TLX3. In addition to culture in vitro on OP9-DL1 feeders, we also injected transduced cells into immunodeficient NSG mice. We observed differing abilities of the various oncogene combinations to support growth in vitro and frank leukemia in vivo. This study includes RNA-seq data from samples of transduced cells cultured in vitro as well as cells harvested from clinically moribund mice after development of leukemia in vivo.

  Study EGAS00001006055

• Comparison of sequencing assays for sensitive detection of circulating tumour DNA in stage IA-IV breast cancer

  This study compared different assays for the detection of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in serial plasma from stage IA-IV breast cancer patients, targeting structural variants (SVs), single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and/or somatic copy-number aberrations (SCNAs). SV-multiplex PCR, SNV-/SV-hybrid capture, and different depths of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were used to evaluate ctDNA levels, demonstrating concordant results. SNV-hybrid capture targeting 1,347-7,491 mutations was the most sensitive assay, detecting 67% (36/54) of samples down to an allele fraction (AF) of 0.00024%. SV-multiplex PCR, targeting 21-47 mutations, detected 63% (34/54) of samples down to 0.00047% AF and has potential as a clinical assay.

  Dataset EGAD00001008589

• WGS BAM files fromxa0Genomic Features and Classification of Homologous Recombination Deficient Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

  Background and Aims: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), remains poorly defined beyond germline(g) alterations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2. Methods: We interrogated whole genome sequencing (WGS) data on 391 patients including 49 carriers of pathogenic variants (PVs) in g_BRCA_ and PALB2. HRD classifiers were applied to the dataset and included: 1) the genomic instability score (GIS) used by Myriad MyChoice HRD assay; 2) substitution base signature 3 (SBS3); 3) HRDetect; and, 4) Structural Variant (SV) burden. Clinical outcomes and responses to chemotherapy were correlated with HRD status. Results: Biallelic tumour inactivation of g_BRCA_ or PALB2 was evident in 43/49 germline carriers identifying HRD-PDAC. HRDetect (score ?0.7) predicted gBRCA1/PALB2 deficiency with highest sensitivity (98%) and specificity (100%). HRD genomic tumour classifiers suggested that 7-10% of PDAC that do not harbor g_BRCA/PALB2_ have features of HRD. Of the somatic HRDetect cases, 69% were attributed to alterations in BRCA1/2, PALB2, RAD51C/D and XRCC2, and a tandem duplicator phenotype. TP53 loss was more common in BRCA1- compared to BRCA2-associated HRD-PDAC. HRD status was not prognostic in resected PDAC. However in advanced disease the GIS (p=0.02), SBS3 (p=0.03) and HRDetect score (p=0.005) were predictive of platinum response and superior survival. PVs in g_ATM_ (n=6) or g_CHEK2_ (n=2) did not result in HRD-PDAC by any of the classifiers. In four patients, BRCA2 reversion mutations associated with platinum resistance. Conclusions: Germline and parallel somatic profiling of PDAC outperforms germline testing alone in identifying HRD-PDAC. An additional 7-10% of patients without gBRCA/PALB2 mutations may benefit from DNA damage response agents.

  Dataset EGAD00001007571

• Whole exome and Transcriptome sequencing of treatment-naïve esophageal adenocarcinoma biopsies and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  Exome sequencing was performed on n=28 treatment-naïve esophageal adenocarcinoma (EACs). Three to four biopsies sampling different areas of each tumor were pooled before nucleic acid extractions to mitigate the elevated heterogeneity described for EAC. WES was performed on EAC biopsies at 120X average coverage, with autologous PBMCs used as germline controls at 80X average coverage. Libraries were prepared from 30 ng of input DNA using the SureSelect QXT Human All Exon V7 kit (Agilent Technologies) and sequenced on the NextSeq 550 (Illumina), 2x150 bp. BCL files were demultiplexed to FastQ files using bcl2fastq2 software (Illumina). Three paired end sequencing batches were analyzed independently (Batch1: samples 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18; Batch2: samples 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34 ; Batch3: samples 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 48, 54, 55, 57). RNA sequencing was performed on n=26 treatment-naïve esophageal adenocarcinoma (EACs). Three to four biopsies sampling different areas of each tumor were pooled before nucleic acid extractions to mitigate the elevated heterogeneity described for EAC. RNAseq libraries were prepared on 50 ng of total RNA (with RNA integrity index RIN >=7) with the TruSeq Stranded mRNA library preparation kit (Illumina) in accordance with low-throughput protocol. After PCR enrichment (15 cycles) and purification of adapter-ligated fragments, the concentration and length of DNA fragments were measured using D1000 Screen Tape System (Agilent), obtaining a median insert size of 311 nucleotides. Then, RNAseq libraries were sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform, 1x100 bp, obtaining on average 100 million single reads per sample.

  Dataset EGAD00001010876

• Prognostic and therapeutic significance of leukemia subtypes and minimal residual disease measurements in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with contemporary risk-directed trial: a cohort study

  Background Genomic analyses to identify leukemia subtypes and refinement of minimal residual disease (MRD) determination are two recent advances that would have substantial impact on the management of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the combined application of these two approaches to determine the prognostic and therapeutic significance of MRD measurement and full spectrum of leukemia subtypes in the context of contemporary risk-directed therapy has not been studied comprehensively.MethodsBetween October 29, 2007 and March 26, 2017, 598 consecutive children with newly diagnosed ALL were enrolled in a clinical trial at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Patients were provisional classified according to the presenting clinical and laboratory features including immunophenotype and cytogenetics. Patients with ETV6-RUNX1 and high hyperdiploid B-progenitor ALL were provisionally included in the low-risk groups; those with TCF3-PBX1, hypodiploidy and T-cell ALL in the standard (intermediate)-risk group; and patients with BCR-ABL1, KMT2A and early T-cell precursor ALL in the high-risk group. Final risk assignment was based primarily on MRD levels measured by flow cytometry on Day 15 (≥1%) and Day 42 (<0.01% or ≥1%) of remission induction. Using genomic classification based on cytogenetics and genomic analysis (single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis and transcriptome, exome, and genome sequencing), patients were classified into 17 subtypes. The primary aim was to determine the event-free survival, overall survival and cumulative risk of relapse according to specific leukemia subtypes and MRD levels on Days 8, 15 and 42 of remission induction. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00549848.FindingsPatients with ETV6-RUNX1, high hyperdiploidy and DUX4-rearranged B-ALL all received low- or standard-risk therapy, and had the highest 5-year event-free survival rates: 98.4% (95% CI, 95.9-100), 95.3% (91.2-99.4), and 95.0% (84.2-100), respectively. All 142 patients with Day 8 MRD<0.01%, except two with KMT2A-rearranged ALL and one with TCF3-PBX1, were in continuous complete remission. The TCF3-PBX1, PAX5alt, T-cell, early T-cell precursor, iAMP21 and hypodiploid ALL had intermediate outcome with 5-year event-free survival rates ranging from 80.0% (39.4-100) to 88.2% (71.7-100). Patients with KMT2A-rearranged, BCR-ABL1, BCR-ABL1-like and ETV6-RUNX1-like ALL had the worst outcomes, with 5-year event-free survival rates between 64.1% (43.9-84.3) and 76.2% (51.9-100), despite most patients receiving standard- or high-risk therapy. Treatment intensification based on MRD and genotype improved outcome. Relapse did not occur in any of the patients with ETV6-RUNX1, DUX4-rearranged, TCF3-PBX1, iAMP21, ZNF384-rearranged, hypodiploid, or BCR-ABL1-like B-ALL who had day 15 MRD≥1% and received standard-risk therapy. However, day 42 MRD<0.01% did not preclude relapse in patients with intermediate-risk or unfavorable subtypes including TCF3-PBX1, PAX5alt, T-cell, iAMP21, BCR-ABL1, BCR-ABL1-like, ETV6-RUNX1-like, KMT2A-rearranged, and MEF2D-rearranged ALL, despite intensified treatment in the standard- or high-risk arms. InterpretationContemporary risk-directed treatment based on genotypes and MRD can cure virtually all patients with ETV6-RUNX1, hyperdiploid>50 and DUX4-rearranged ALL. While intensified treatment improve outcome for patients with high MRD during induction, substantial proportions of patients with intermediate-risk or unfavorable subtypes would still relapse even achieving negative MRD status at the end of induction and require novel therapeutics to improve outcome.

  Study EGAS00001004739

• Longitudinal Study of Fluoride and Other Factors Related to Dental Fluorosis, Dental Caries, and Bone Health

  This project is a combination of the Iowa Fluoride Study and the Iowa Bone Development Study from 1992 - 2019. The Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) began in 1992 with recruitment of 1,882 mothers of newborns from eight Iowa hospital post-partum wards from March 1992 to February 1995. The focus of the IFS was to collect detailed fluoride, general dietary intake, and other data several times per year from age 6 weeks on and relate them to dental fluorosis and dental caries (cavities). Data collection occurred 3-5 times per year initially, and then twice per year after ~ age 4. Dental exams of the primary (baby) teeth were initiated at ~ age 5.The Iowa Bone Development Study (IBDS) grew out of the IFS in 1998 when we added a "normal bone development" focus, and soon after the age 5 dental exams, we began to collect genetic samples and accelerometry (motion sensor) data. All then-active parents of IFS-participating children were invited to have their child join the IBDS, and the majority agreed to do so. The majority of participating children received both ~ age 5 dental exams and bone densitometry assessments. The bone densitometry at age 5 was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip, lumbar spine, and whole body.Dental exams for caries and fluorosis were performed again at age 8-9, along with DXA bone scans and accelerometry. DXA scans and accelerometry were performed again at ages 11 and 15 years, along with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans of the distal tibia and radius, but no dental exams were performed.At ages 13 and 17, dental exams, DXA and pQCT scans, as well as accelerometry, were obtained.At age 19, no dental exams were conducted, but repeat DXA and pQCT scans and accelerometry were obtained, along with multi-slice detector CT (MDCT) of the distal tibia.At age 23, we conducted the final wave of exams, which included dental, DXA, pQCT, MDCT, and accelerometry assessments.In addition, parents were invited to participate once with DXA bone scans and to also provide limited questionnaire data about their own fluoride and dietary exposures and physical activity.Note: Please refer to the document Iowa Fluoride Study/Iowa Bone Development Study (IFS/IBDS) - dbGaP Data Tables: A User's Guide - Version 2.0 for a detailed reference manual on all of the clinical data submitted for this project.Note: No genetic data or specimens were submitted with this study. However, many of the child/parent participants in the study were genotyped. These genotyping data are linked to dbGaP Study Accession: phs000095 under Dr. Mary Marazita: "Dental Caries: Whole Genome Association and Gene X Environment Studies".<img style="width: 1155px;" 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

  Study phs002203

• Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) Proteogenomic Confirmatory Study of Breast, Colon, Lung, and Ovarian Tumors

  Recently, significant progress has been made in characterizing and sequencing the genomic alterations in statistically robust numbers of samples from several types of cancer. For example, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and other similar efforts are identifying genomic alterations associated with specific cancers (e.g., copy number aberrations, rearrangements, point mutations, epigenomic changes, etc.). The availability of these multi-dimensional data to the scientific community sets the stage for the development of new molecularly targeted cancer interventions. Understanding the comprehensive functional changes in cancer proteomes arising from genomic alterations and other factors is the next logical step in the development of high-value candidate protein biomarkers. Hence, proteomics can greatly advance the understanding of molecular mechanisms of disease pathology via the analysis of changes in protein expression, their modifications and variations, as well as protein-protein interaction, signaling pathways and networks responsible for cellular functions such as apoptosis and oncogenesis. Realizing this great potential, the NCI launched the second phase of the CPTC initiative in September 2011. Renamed the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, CPTAC is beginning to leverage its analytical outputs from Phase I to define cancer proteomes on genomically-characterized biospecimens. The purpose of this integrative approach is to provide the broad scientific community with knowledge that links genotype to proteotype and ultimately phenotype. The data contained in this dataset are derived from samples designed to confirm CPTAC findings from the TCGA samples. These confirmatory samples contain breast, ovarian, colon, and lung tumors collected via a protocol optimized for proteomics. Specifically, ischemic time of the sample was controlled and restricted to less than 30 minutes. ACGT, Inc. produced whole exome, mRNAseq, and miRNAseq for these samples. Corresponding proteomic data are available at: https://cptac-data-portal.georgetown.edu/cptacPublic/ The study design was to profile colon, breast, ovarian, and lung tumors both genomically and proteomically. Germline DNA was obtained from blood. Normal control samples for proteomics varied by organ site: adjacent colon tissue for colon cases, contralateral breast tissue for some breast cases, and Fallopian tube fimbria for some ovarian cases. Lung cases had no normal control for proteomic analysis. All cancer samples were derived from primary and untreated tumors.

  Study phs000892

• Plasma MicroRNA Signatures of Aging

  Background. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and show differential expression in various tissues with aging phenotypes. Detectable in circulation, extracellular microRNAs reflect (patho)physiological processes and hold promise as biomarkers for healthy aging and age-related diseases. This study aimed to explore plasma extracellular microRNAs as biological aging indicator and their associations with health outcomes using population-level data. Methods. We quantified plasma expression levels of 2,083 extracellular microRNAs using targeted RNA-sequencing in 2,684 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. The training and test sets included 1,930 participants from the advanced-aged initial and second subcohort (RS-I/RS-II; median age: 70.6), while the validation set comprised 754 participants from the middle-aged fourth subcohort (RS-IV; median age: 53.5). Based on 591 microRNAs well-expressed in plasma, we examined differential expression of microRNAs with chronological age, PhenoAge –a composite score of age and nine multi-system blood biomarkers–, the frailty index, and mortality. Next, elastic net models were employed to construct composite microRNA-based aging biomarkers predicting chronological age (mirAge), PhenoAge (mirPA), frailty index (mirFI), and mortality (mirMort). The association of these aging biomarkers with different age-related health outcomes was assessed using Cox Proportional Hazard, linear regression, and logistic regression models in the test and validation sets. Results. We identified 188 microRNAs differentially expressed with chronological age within the RS-I/RS-II advanced-aged population (ntraining=1158, ntest=772), of which 177 microRNAs (94.1%) were replicated in the middle-aged RS-IV subcohort (nvalidation=754). Moreover, 227 miRNAs showed robust associations with PhenoAge, 61 with FI, and 16 with ten-year mortality independent of chronological age. Subsequently, we constructed four plasma microRNA-based aging biomarkers: mirAge with 108, mirPA with 153, mirFI with 81, and mirMort with 50 miRNAs. Elevated scores on these microRNA-based aging biomarkers were associated with unfavorable health outcomes, including lower subjective physical functioning and self-reported health and increased mortality and frailty risk, but not with first- or multi-morbidity. Overall, larger effect estimates were observed for mirPA, mirFI, and mirMort compared to mirAge. Conclusions. This study describes distinct plasma microRNA-aging signatures and introduces four microRNA-based aging biomarkers with potential to identify accelerated aging and age-related decline, providing insights into the intricate process of human aging.

  Study EGAS00001008117

• A body map of somatic mutagenesis in morphologically normal human tissues

  This dataset contained raw sequencing fastq data of the article "A body map of somatic mutagenesis in morphologically normal human tissues". We sampled morphologically normal tissue biopsies from 5 donors. We performed low-depth WGS on 1,764 samples, high-depth WGS on 48 samples and WES on 1,772 samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001007859