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• DNA methylation analysis on PBL obtained from male patients with UC-PSC, UC and HC

  Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease affecting the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, and is strongly associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we explored the peripheral blood DNA methylome and its immune cell composition in patients with PSC-UC, UC, and healthy controls (HC) with the aim to develop a predictive assay in distinguishing patients with PSC-UC from those with UC alone. The peripheral blood DNA methylome of male patients with PSC and concomitant UC, UC and HCs was profiled using the Illumina HumanMethylation Infinium EPIC BeadChip (850K) array. Differentially methylated CpG position (DMP) and region (DMR) analyses were performed alongside gradient boosting classification analyses to discern PSC-UC from UC patients. As observed differences in the DNA methylome could be the result of differences in cellular populations, we additionally employed mass cytometry to characterize the immune cell compositions. Genome wide methylation analysis revealed no differentially methylated positions between PSC-UC and UC patients. Nonetheless, using gradient boosting we were capable of discerning PSC-UC from UC with an area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.80. Four CpG sites annotated to the NINJ2 gene were found to strongly contribute to the predictive performance. While mass cytometry analyses corroborated the largely similar blood cell composition among patients with PSC-UC, UC and HC, a higher abundance of myeloid cells was observed in UC compared to PSC-UC patients.

  Study EGAS00001005832

• Conserved features of TERT promoter duplications reveal an activation mechanism that mimics hotspot mutations in cancer

  Mutations in the TERT promoter are the single most common non-coding mutation in cancer and represent the genetic underpinnings of tumor cell immortality. Beyond the two most common point mutations, G228A and G250A, which selectively recruit the ETS factor GABP to activate TERT, the significance of other variants in the TERT promoter are unknown. We identified duplications of wildtype sequence within the core promoter region of TERT in 7 different cancer types that have strikingly similar features including size, insertion position, and inclusion of one of the native ETS motifs. Each duplication activates the TERT promoter to a similar level as G228A and G250A and is critically dependent on the insertion site. The GABP tetramer binds to the TERT duplicated promoter sequence by virtue of the native ETS motif and its duplicated version with precise spacing, and it is necessary for the transcriptional activation by all duplications tested. Spatiotemporal analysis in a multifocal glioblastoma shows the duplication is clonal and its activation of TERT is readily detectable at the single cell level and in bulk tumor tissue. We conclude that recurrent TERT promoter duplications of the native ETS sequence are functionally and mechanistically equivalent to the hotspot mutations that confer tumor cell immortality. The shared mechanism of these divergent somatic genetic alterations suggests a strong selective pressure for recruitment of the GABP tetramer to activate TERT.

  Study EGAS00001006118

• Atypical B cells and impaired SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation following heterologous vaccination in the elderly

  Age is a major risk factor for hospitalization and death after SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in vaccinees. Suboptimal responses to a primary vaccination course have been reported in the elderly, but there is little information regarding the impact of age on responses to booster third doses. Here we show that individuals 70 or older who received a primary two dose schedule with AZD1222 and booster third dose with mRNA vaccine achieved significantly lower neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus compared to those below 70 at one month post booster. Neither the concentration of serum binding anti spike IgG antibody, nor the frequency of spike- specific B cells showed differences by age grouping. Impaired neutralization potency and breadth post-third dose in the elderly was associated with enrichment of circulating “atypical” spike-specific B cells expressing CD11c and FCRL5. Presence of these atypical B cells was confirmed by scRNA seq. However, when considering individuals who received three doses of mRNA vaccine, we did not observe statistically significant differences in neutralization or enrichment in atypical B cells by age grouping following dose 3. Together, our data reveal impaired neutralising antibody responses in the elderly after heterologous vaccination with AdV followed by mRNA booster dose, but not in homologous three dose mRNA vaccination highlighting that different vaccine formats differentially instruct the memory B cell response.

  Study EGAS00001007385

• NIPT samples for systematic evaluation of BinDel, a software tool for detecting clinically significant microdeletions in low-coverage WGS-based NIPT samples

  This dataset contains three sets of samples. The first sample set contains euploid fetus pregnancies reported by NIPTIFY screening test and postnatal evaluation. Dataset was processed similarly to previously published guidelines from KU Leuven, with modifications [1]. Briefly, peripheral blood samples were collected in cell-free DNA BCT tubes (Streck, USA), and plasma was separated with standard dual centrifugation. Cell-free DNA was extracted from 3 ml plasma using MagMAX Cell-Free DNA Isolation Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific). Whole-genome libraries were prepared using the FOCUS (Fragmented DNA Compact Sequencing Assay, Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Estonia) NIPT method protocol with 12 cycles for the final PCR enrichment step. In the following quantification, equal amounts of 36 samples were pooled, and the quality and quantity of the pool were assessed on Agilent 2200 TapeStation (Agilent Technologies, USA). Whole genome sequencing was performed on the NextSeq 550 instrument (Illumina Inc.) with an average coverage of 0.32× (minimum 0.08 and maximum 0.42) and producing 85 bp single-end reads. The second sample set contains a single NIPT sample postnatally diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. The sample was sequenced with Illumina NextSeq 500 platform, producing 85 bp single-end reads with an average per-sample coverage of 0.32× at the University of Tartu, Institute of Genomics Core Facility, according to the manufacturer’s standard protocols, as described previously [2]. The third sample set contains samples SC005 (SeraCare Life Sciences Inc lot #10446565), SC0042 (#10571706), and SC016 (#10560229). These are SeraCare Life Sciences Inc circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) like mixture of human genomic DNA that consists of matched maternal and fetus. SC005 and SC0042 consist of matched DNA of maternal and fetus with DiGeorge Syndrome. SC016 is a custom-ordered DNA Mix with fetus DNA having a pathogenic loss of the terminal region of 20p13 and a pathogenic 3q29 duplication. SC016 was processed as the first sample set was processed, and SC0042 was processed as the second sample set was processed. Sample SC005 was processed once as was sample set 1 and once as was sample set 2 processed. This study was performed with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu (#352/M-12). 1. Bayindir B, Dehaspe L, Brison N, Brady P, Ardui S, Kammoun M, et al. Noninvasive prenatal testing using a novel analysis pipeline to screen for all autosomal fetal aneuploidies improves pregnancy management. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015;23: 1286– 1293. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.282 2. Žilina O, Rekker K, Kaplinski L, Sauk M, Paluoja P, Teder H, et al. Creating basis for introducing noninvasive prenatal testing in the Estonian public health setting. Prenat Diagn. 2019;39: 1262–1268. doi:10.1002/pd.5578

  Dataset EGAD00001009512

• DMET Genes, Nicotine Metabolism and Prospective Abstinence

  This study (DA033813; PI: Andrew W Bergen; PMID:26132489) includes samples from two laboratory studies of nicotine metabolism. The Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine Metabolism in Twins study (PKTWIN; PI: Gary E Swan; PMID: 15527659) was based on recruitment from a twin registry (PMID: 23084148). The Integrated Research Project on Tobacco Use and Dependence (IRP; PI: Gary E Swan; PMID: 14578134) was based on recruitment from a pedigree-based longitudinal study of risk factors for substance use, the Smoking in Families study (SMOFAM; DA03706; PI: Hy Hops). These two laboratory studies (PKTWIN and IRP/SMOFAM) served as the Stage I dataset to interrogate Drug Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporter genes with a targeted SNP array for association with the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR, ratio of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and cotinine), an established biomarker of nicotine metabolism. In addition to the laboratory studies, samples from eight RCTs (PMID: 23249876) with the NMR and smoking-related measures used to test SNPs identified in Stage I (PMID: 26132489). In a third stage, a lung cancer meta-analysis database (PMID: 24880342) was used to assess association of SNPs identified in Stage II with lung cancer. The objectives of the study were to identify novel genes and SNPs contributing to nicotine metabolism (Stage I), and to validate PK SNPs associated with the NMR from individuals participating in a clinical laboratory protocol with the NMR obtained from treatment-seeking smokers, and then to investigate association with prospective smoking cessation (Stage II). This study built upon existing studies of nicotine metabolism and randomized trials of smoking cessation therapies. Enhanced knowledge of the genes influencing nicotine metabolism and prospective abstinence may help personalize smoking cessation treatment and risk assessment for smoking-related diseases. For Stage I, both subject [fixed-dose NMR, covariates (age, BMI, ethnicity, sex, smoking status, and hormone use), and pedigree relationships] and sample (common DMET SNP genotype, genotyping quality control) data are available in this accession. The analysis protocol, quality control summaries, summary genotype, summary phenotype, and analysis results are available for Stage I, II and III samples (PMID: 26132489). Extensive discussion of the prior CYP2A6 association literature with the NMR, abstinence, smoking heaviness and lung cancer risk is available (PMID: 26132489). The NMR has previously been associated with CYP2A6 activity, response to smoking cessation treatments, and cigarette consumption. We searched for drug metabolizing enzyme and transporter (DMET) gene variation associated with the NMR and prospective abstinence in 2,946 participants of laboratory studies of nicotine metabolism and of clinical trials of smoking cessation therapies. Stage I was a meta-analysis of the association of 507 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 173 DMET genes with the NMR in 449 participants of two laboratory studies. Nominally significant associations were identified in ten genes after adjustment for intragenic SNPs; CYP2A6 and two CYP2A6 SNPs attained experiment-wide significance adjusted for correlated SNPs (CYP2A6 PACT=4.1E-7, rs4803381 PACT=4.5E-5, rs1137115, PACT=1.2E-3). Stage II was mega-regression analyses of 10 DMET SNPs with pretreatment NMR and prospective abstinence in up to 2,497 participants from eight trials. rs4803381 and rs1137115 SNPs were associated with pretreatment NMR at genome-wide significance. In post-hoc analyses of CYP2A6 SNPs, we observed nominally significant association with: abstinence in one pharmacotherapy arm; cigarette consumption among all trial participants; and lung cancer in four case:control studies. CYP2A6 minor alleles were associated with reduced NMR, CPD, and lung cancer risk. We confirmed the major role that CYP2A6 plays in nicotine metabolism, and made novel findings with respect to genome-wide significance and associations with CPD, abstinence and lung cancer risk. Additional multivariate analyses with patient variables and genetic modeling will improve prediction of nicotine metabolism, disease risk and smoking cessation treatment prognosis.

  Study phs000931

• Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics: Study of Dental Caries and Cleft Lip/Palate in Guatemala

  This study provides an opportunity to investigate the genetics of both dental caries and orofacial clefts (OFCs) in one set of families ascertained in Guatemala. This study is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative (GENEVA, http://www.genevastudy.org), which was developed through the trans-NIH Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI). Furthermore this study brings together multiple research priorities of the University of Pittsburgh Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics (www.ccdg.pitt.edu). A genome-wide panel of 610,000 SNPs was genotyped at the Broad Institute to be comparable to our other pertinent GENEVA studies that are also part of dbGaP (dbGaP accession number phs000095, "Dental Caries: Whole Genome Association and Gene x Environment Studies" and dbGaP accession number phs000094, "International Consortium to Identify Genes and Interactions Controlling Oral Clefts"). The goal of this study is to investigate genetic determinants to dental caries and to OFCs in a novel study population. To date, most genetic studies of dental caries have been conducted in Caucasians, and of OFCs in Caucasians and Asians. The Guatemalan population under study is rural and ethnically mixed with a high proportion of Native-South-Americans. Thirty-six Guatemalans from this dataset were also part of the recent GWAS studies of cleft lip and cleft palate (Beaty et al., 2010 and 2011, dbGaP Study Accession: phs000094, "International Consortium to Identify Genes and Interactions Controlling Oral Clefts"). In addition to the families ascertained in Guatemala, some subjects were genotyped with this cohort to augment the data in the parent GENEVA study (Dental Caries: Whole Genome Association and Gene x Environment Studies, dbGaP accession number phs000095), in particular individuals from the IOWA and PITT GENEVA study sites. Their data are available with the parent study. Dental caries (also known as tooth decay) remains the most common chronic disease of childhood, five times more common than asthma and seven times more common than environmental allergies, with more than 40% of children exhibiting caries when they enter kindergarten. In 2005, it was estimated that dental health care costs were approximately $84 billion, of which 60% or about $50 billion were related to treatment of dental caries. The etiology of dental caries has been studied for many years. Multiple factors contribute to a person's risk for caries, including: 1) environmental factors such as diet, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure and the level of colonization of cariogenic bacteria and 2) host factors such as salivary flow, salivary buffering capacity, position of teeth relative to each other, surface characteristics of tooth enamel and depth of occlusal fissures on posterior teeth. In spite of all that is known about this disease, there are still individuals who appear to be more susceptible to caries and those who are extremely resistant, regardless of the environmental risk factors to which they are exposed, implying that genetic factors also play an important role in caries etiology. This conclusion is supported by studies in both humans and animals, with the most compelling evidence coming from studies of twins reared apart in which investigators found significant resemblance within monozygotic (MZ) but not dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs for percentage of teeth and surfaces restored or carious and estimated the genetic contribution to caries as 40%. Other recent studies of twins reared together estimated the heritability for caries, adjusted for age and gender, as ranging from 45-64%. In our study populations of families, we also estimated caries heritability as approximately 54%-70% of variation in primary dentition caries scores and 35%-55% in the permanent dentition (Wang et al., 2010). Orofacial clefts (OFCs), particularly cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and isolated cleft palate (CP) are a major public health problem, affecting one in every 500-1000 births worldwide thus representing the most common facial birth defect and one of the most common of all congenital anomalies. CL/P is a major structural birth defect that is notable for significant lifelong morbidity and complex etiology. The extensive psychological, surgical, speech and dental involvement emphasize the importance of understanding the underlying causes of CL/P. Therefore, many research groups have attempted to elucidate the etiology of CL/P, with some recent success by our research group and others (see Beaty et al., 2010, 2011; Dixon et al., 2011). It is clear that CL/P can occur as part of Mendelian syndromes, that certain chromosomal abnormalities include CL/P in the phenotype, and that certain teratogens can increase the risk of having an offspring with CL/P. However, phenotypes of known etiology comprise only a small portion of all individuals with a CL/P or CP, and the major focus of research into OFCs is to develop an understanding of the etiology of nonsyndromic (NS) forms of clefting. A major focus of the University of Pittsburgh CCDG has been to study additional phenotypes within nonsyndromic OFC families in order to identify sub-clinical expressions of OFC risk genes or risk variants, e.g. SNPs (see Weinberg et al., 2006). A detailed oral exam is conducted as part of these extended phenotypic studies, including a dental caries exam. Note that although there are some reports in the literature of higher caries experience in individuals with clefts, the most recent meta-analysis of those literature reports concluded that individuals born with these defects do not have a higher frequency of caries (Hasslöf and Twetman, 2007). Notably, we investigated the association of CL/P and caries in three of our study populations (including part of the Guatemalan population in this GWAS study) and also found no increase in caries rates of CL/P cases versus controls (Jindal et al., 2011). This study is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative (GENEVA, http://www.genevastudy.org), which was developed through the trans-NIH Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI). The overarching goal is to identify novel genetic factors that contribute to dental caries and oral clefts through large-scale genome-wide association studies of well-characterized Guatemalan families and individuals. Genotyping was performed at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. The study was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR, U01-DE018903). Data cleaning and harmonization were done at the GEI-funded GENEVA Coordinating Center at the University of Washington.

  Study phs000440

• A Risk Score Incorporating Low Pass Whole Genome Sequencing of Cell Free DNA from Patients Receiving CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy for Large B-Cell Lymphoma

  Study EGAS00001006308

• IfGH-10772

  Clinical and genetic information of an individual with RVOT-VT and a KCNK2 (TREK1) gene mutation obtained after whole exome sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001003328

• Reference epigenome CKD27_C_Mesan_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A CKD27_C_Mesan_WGBS paired end data for Mesangial cells(kidney)

  Dataset EGAD00001003471

• Reference epigenome CKD23_C_Mesan_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A CKD23_C_Mesan_WGBS paired end data for Mesangial cells(kidney)

  Dataset EGAD00001003468

• Reference epigenome ADMSC04_smRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A ADMSC04_smRNA-Seq single end data for adipose-derived mesenchymal stroaml cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003870

• Recurrent somatic mutations in POLR2A define a distinct subset of meningiomas: Somatic exome variants

  Somatic variants called from whole-exome sequencing of meningioma-blood pairs

  Dataset EGAD00001002650

• Reference epigenome KNIH008 WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A KNIH008 Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing(WGBS) paired end data for adipocytes

  Dataset EGAD00001002756

• Neuroblastoma sequencing data

  This dataset contains tumor and normal whole exome DNA sequence data for a patient with neuroblastoma

  Dataset EGAD00001008120

• Aggressive PDACs show hypomethylation of repetitive elements and the execution of an intrinsic IFN program linked to a ductal cell-of-origin

  Study EGAS00001004660

• Biomarker Data from KATHERINE: A Phase III Study of Adjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine versus Trastuzumab in Patients with Residual Invasive Disease after Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

  Study EGAS00001006229

• methylation_normal_adjacent_breast

  Raw methylation data from normal breast tissue adjacent to a malignancy (TNBC)

  Dataset EGAD00010002074

• Reference epigenome CKD25_C_Podo_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A CKD25_C_Podo_WGBS paired end data for Podocytes(CD90(-) Podocalyxin(+), kidney)

  Dataset EGAD00001003470

• Reference epigenome CKD24_C_Podo_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A CKD24_C_Podo_WGBS paired end data for Podocytes(CD90(-) Podocalyxin(+), kidney)

  Dataset EGAD00001003469

• Reference epigenome OB57_D_PreA_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A OB57_D_PreA_WGBS paired end data for Preadipocyte(fat)

  Dataset EGAD00001003480

• Reference epigenome IPS01_N_Fibroblast_mRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A IPS01_N_Fibroblast_mRNA-Seq paired end data for iPSC(Oct4)

  Dataset EGAD00001003488

• Reference epigenome IPS04_X_Fibroblast_mRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A IPS04_X_Fibroblast_mRNA-Seq paired end data for iPSC(Oct4)

  Dataset EGAD00001003491

• Reference epigenome IPS01_N_Fibroblast_smRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A IPS01_N_Fibroblast_smRNA-Seq single end data for iPSC(Oct4)

  Dataset EGAD00001003501

• Reference epigenome IPS04_X_Fibroblast_smRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A IPS04_X_Fibroblast_smRNA-Seq single end data for iPSC(Oct4)

  Dataset EGAD00001003504

• Exome sequencing

  Exome sequencing of peripheral blood from 4 individuals of a family with familial colorectal cancer type X

  Dataset EGAD00001001009

• Recurrent somatic mutations in POLR2A define a distinct subset of meningiomas: RNAseq variants

  Variants called from RNA-seq data of meningioma tumors.

  Dataset EGAD00001002649

• Exome sequencing of an AML treated with BCL2i

  Molecular profiling by exome sequencing of an AML case following treatment with a BCL2 inhibitor

  Dataset EGAD00001007307

• Ultraviolet radiation drives mutations in a subset of mucosal melanomas

  This dataset contains 20 whole genome sequences from 10 tumor-normal pairs from conjunctival melanomas.

  Dataset EGAD00001006568

• The Familial Intracranial Aneurysm Linkage Study (FIA)

  Our long-term objective is to identify susceptibility genes that are related to the formation of intracranial aneurysms (IA). Rupture of IAs occurs in 16,000 to 17,000 persons in the U.S. annually and nearly half of affected persons are dead within the first 30 days. An additional 6,000 to 7,000 persons with unruptured IAs are identified each year. Accumulated evidence indicates that a genetic component plays an important role in the development of IAs, but specific loci affecting the risk of IA have not been identified. The primary hypothesis of this study is that there are specific human chromosomal regions that are associated with an increased risk of IAs. Specific Aims of are: Recruitment of 400 (475) families with multiple individuals who have an IA through 23 (25) referral centers throughout North America, Australia, and New Zealand that represent 35 (40) recruitment sites. Ascertainment of interviews and blood samples from all affected family members as well as their first-degree relatives. White blood cells from living persons with an IA will be cryopreserved at Coriell Institute for Medical Research for future immortalization of cells lines as indicated. Identification of unruptured IAs by obtaining MRAs in selected asymptomatic siblings (of affected individuals). Completion of a 10 cM genome series in persons with IAs as well as the spouses and children of persons with an IA who are deceased. We will perform finer mapping of chromosomal regions with suggestive evidence of linkage in the genome screen. Performance of a nonparametric (allele sharing) linkage analysis, including relevant environmental factors such as smoking, to identify chromosomal regions linked to IA. Reconstruction of the genotypes of deceased affected family members will be performed. Identification of individuals who are genetically at high risk for the development of IAs would enable targeted and effective screening/prevention/treatment strategies to reduce the substantial mortality and morbidity associated with this devastating type of stroke. Only a multidisciplinary, collaborative effort to identify, accrue, and genotype FIA families will be successful in identifying sufficient high-risk families to characterize the genetic underpinnings of IA.

  Study phs000293

• Exome Sequencing of Statin-Induced Myopathy Cases

  Severe myopathic events occur in 0.1-0.5% of patients taking statins. Although genetic association studies have identified some possibly associated gene loci, these have not been reproducible in additional studies with independent patient cohorts. A more reasonable explanation for susceptibility to statin-induced myopathy is the presence of rare pathogenic variants in genes important for skeletal muscle structure and function. In support of this, we have previously reported an increased incidence of pathogenic variants in genes causing metabolic myopathies in patients with statin-induced myopathy (Vladutiu et al.,2006). We also reported a patient with statin myopathy who had an RYR1 variant known to be causative of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) (Vladutiu et al., 2011). There are a number of genes associated with metabolic myopathies triggered by various factors such as extreme exercise, fasting, extremes in temperature, viral infection and exposure to volatile anesthetics. In addition, many of the genes causing congenital myopathies, myofibrillar myopathies and muscular dystrophies have overlapping phenotypes with these genes. We propose that statins act as an additional trigger inducing myopathic symptoms and many patients with severe statin-induced myopathy have causative genetic variants within similar genes associated with MHS and congenital myopathy. We have analyzed the resultant data using a disease model in which rare pathogenic variants, possibly within multiple genes, are causative of statin-induced myopathy. In this study, we have identified potentially causative genetic variants in greater than 50% of the statin-induced myopathy cases and in particular, rare and possibly pathogenic in the RYR1 and CACNA1S genes were present in 25% of the patient samples studied. Vladutiu, G. D., Simmons, Z., Isackson, P.J., Tarnopolsky, M., Peltier, W.L., Barboi, A.C., Sripathi, N., Wortmann, R.L., Phillips, P.S., (2006). "Genetic risk factors associated with lipid-lowering drug-induced myopathies." Muscle Nerve 34: 153-162. Vladutiu, G. D., Isackson, P.J., Kaufman, K., Harley, J.B., Cobb, B., Christopher-Stine, L., Wortmann, R.L, (2011). "Genetic risk for malignant hyperthermia in non-anesthesia-induced myopathies." Mol Genet Metab 104: 167-173.

  Study phs001342

• Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort

  The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, sponsored by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), is a prospective epidemiologic study conducted in four U.S. communities. The four communities are Forsyth County, NC; Jackson, MS; the northwest suburbs of Minneapolis, MN; and Washington County, MD. ARIC is designed to investigate the etiology and natural history of atherosclerosis, the etiology of clinical atherosclerotic diseases, and variation in cardiovascular risk factors, medical care and disease by race, gender, location, and date. ARIC includes two parts: the Cohort Component and the Community Surveillance Component. The Cohort Component began in 1987, and each ARIC field center randomly selected and recruited a cohort sample of approximately 4,000 individuals aged 45-64 from a defined population in their community. A total of 15,792 participants received an extensive examination, including medical, social, and demographic data. These participants were examined with the baseline visit occurring in 1987-89, the second visit in 1990-92, the third visit in 1993-95, the fourth visit in 1996-98, the fifth visit in 2011-13, the sixth visit 2016-17 and the seventh visit 2018-19. Follow-up occurs yearly by telephone to maintain contact with participants and to assess health status of the cohort. In the Community Surveillance Component, these four communities were investigated to determine the community-wide occurrence of hospitalized myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease deaths in men and women aged 35-84 years. Hospitalized stroke is investigated in cohort participants only. Starting in 2006, the study conducted community surveillance of inpatient (ages 55 years and older) and outpatient heart failure (ages 65 years and older) for heart failure events beginning in 2005. Community Surveillance for non-cohorts ended in event year 2014. ARIC is currently funded through 2028. The ARIC Cohort is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-studies. To view genotypes, other molecular data, and derived variables collected in these sub-studies, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-studies" section of this top-level study page phs000280 ARIC Cohort. phs000557 ARIC_CARe phs000090 GENEVA_ARIC phs000223 PAGE_CALiCo_ARIC phs000398 GO-ESP: HeartGo_ARIC phs000668 CHARGE_ARIC phs000860 MICORTEX phs001536 CCDG_ARIC

  Study phs000280

• NHLBI TOPMed: Outcome Modifying Genes in Sickle Cell Disease (OMG)

  Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by homozygosity for a single mutation of the beta hemoglobin gene. Despite the constancy of this genetic abnormality, the clinical course of patients with SCD is remarkably variable. SCD can affect the function and cause the failure of multiple organ systems through the pathophysiologic processes of vaso-occlusion and hemolysis. These pathophysiological processes are complex and expected to impact multiple organ systems in a variety of ways. This study, therefore, was designed to identify genetic factors that predispose SCD patients to develop specific end-organ complications and to experience more or less severe clinical courses. We enrolled > 700 patients with Hb SS, Hb S-beta0 thalassemia and HbSC being followed primarily at three southeastern U.S. regional institutions (Duke University Medical Center, University of North Carolina Medical Center, and Emory University Medical Center). Medical information obtained included the presence or absence of specific targeted outcomes (overall disease severity as well as specific types of end organ damage). Clinical data include medical status (history, physical, examination, and laboratory results) and information regarding potentially confounding environmental factors. Limited plasma samples are available for correlative studies (e.g. of cytokine levels, coagulation activation). Targeted SNP for candidate gene analysis as well as GWAS has been performed on most samples. Whole genome sequencing has been conducted through the TOPMed Consortium. The subjects in this analysis were collected as part of a larger study, "Outcome Modifying Genes in Sickle Cell Disease" (OMG-SCD) aimed at identifying genetic modifiers for sickle cell disease. More information about the study can be found in Elmariah et al. (2014), PMID: 24478166. Clinical and genetic data have been used to identify genetic characteristics predisposing patients with SCD to a more or less severe overall clinical course as well as to individual organ-specific complications. It is anticipated that identification of such genetic factors will reveal new therapeutic targets individualized to specific complications of SCD, leading to improved outcomes and increased life expectancy for patients with SCD.

  Study phs001608

• NHLBI TOPMed: Heart and Vascular Health Study (HVH)

  Objectives The Heart and Vascular Health Study (HVH) is a case-control study of risk factors for the development of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, venous thrombosis (VT), and atrial fibrillation (AF). The study setting is Group Health, an integrated health care delivery system in Washington State. Only VT cases and early-onset AF cases are included as part of TOPMed. Background The HVH study originated in 1988 with the examination of risk factors for MI. Over the ensuing years, the study has been funded by a series of grants which have added case subjects with stroke, VT, and AF. Study aims focused on the associations of medication use with cardiovascular events, and starting in 1997, the study aims expanded to include genetic associations with cardiovascular disease. Participants recruited in 2009 or later who provided blood samples for genetic analysis were asked for consent to deposit genetic and phenotypic data in dbGaP. Design As part of the HVH study, case subjects were identified by searching for ICD-9 codes consistent with MI, stroke, VT, or AF, and medical records were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. Control subjects were identified at random from the Group Health enrollment and were matched to MI cases. All subjects have an index date. For cases, the index date was assigned as the date that the cardiovascular event (MI, stroke, VT, or AF) came to clinical attention. For controls, the index date was a random date within the range of the case index dates. For both cases and controls, information was collected from the inpatient and outpatient medical record, by telephone interview with consenting survivors, and from the Group Health pharmacy and laboratory databases. Consenting participants provided a blood specimen. Subjects Only VT and early-onset AF cases from HVH are included in TOPMed. Within the HVH study, VT and AF cases were diagnosed in both inpatient and outpatient settings, and only incident cases are eligible for inclusion in TOPMed. Genetic Research Genetic factors underlying cardiovascular disease are studied using DNA isolated from the blood samples. Phenotype data for HVH study participants are available through dbGaP phs001013.

  Study phs000993

• Genetics and Functional Studies of Autosomal Recessive Neurological Disorders

  Neurological conditions account for over 6% of the global disease burden. There are more than 600 neurological disorders, and cognitive dysfunction, also referred to as intellectual disability (ID), occupies a prominent position in this list. Cognitive dysfunction arises from the failure of neuronal cells to organize into a complex network and remodel this network in response to learning and experience. It is manifested by deficits in adaptive behaviors in everyday social and practical skills. Due to its high prevalence and the lifetime cost of care per individual, in the range of $1-2 million in United Sates (CDC), it presents a significant health burden. Genetic and functional studies of the genes and protein determinants of ID have helped to elucidate the molecular pathways of human brain development in health and disease. However, the identity of a large number of essential molecular and cellular components still remain elusive. The objectives of our study are to expand the genetic repertoire of causal ID genes and characterize their role in neuronal structure and cognitive function. The rationale is that identification and functional elucidation of causative gene variants that lead to cognitive dysfunction will be essential for understanding brain function and for developing improved diagnostic tools and efficacious preventive and therapeutic agents for neurological disorders, including ID. There are 3 aims of our comprehensive research program: 1) Ascertain and clinically phenotype members of extended families segregating autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID); 2) identify new ARID genes and gene products; and 3) determine the functions of prioritized novel ARID genes using multifaceted approaches, including analysis of spatiotemporal expression patterns in mouse brain, targeting in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, effects on cell morphology and synapse abundance, synaptic transmission and plasticity in neuronal cells by electrophysiology and live-cell imaging assays. The project will advantageously combine human clinical assessment, genetic and functional analyses relevant to brain development and function. Impact: Execution of the proposed studies will generate new knowledge that is clinically relevant, with high potential to impact ID molecular diagnosis, prognoses, and identify novel therapeutic targets to slow progression, delay onset, and possibly devising precision medicine approaches for ID.

  Study phs003298

• Genome-Wide Association Study of Genetic Susceptibility for Graft-vs-Host Disease Cohort 1

  Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is the only curative therapy for many advanced hematologic malignancies. Allo-HSCT is associated with significant morbidities and mortality, mainly because of the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) caused by donor T cells recognizing antigens present in recipient tissues, and initiating an alloimmune response resulting in damage to many organs including the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and liver in recipient. More than half of all Allo-HSCT recipients develop different degrees of GVHD (grades I-IV). About 20% of recipients develop severe GVHD (grades III-IV) that is associated with a very high morbidity and mortality. The most important factor determining the severity of GVHD is the genetic disparities between donors and recipients, as is reflected in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes that are routinely checked for donor selection. Even when donors and recipients are HLA-identical, many recipients develop severe GVHD. As a result, non-HLA antigens are important determinants of acute GVHD. An interesting and unique aspect of GVHD is that it is the consequence of an interaction between antigens present in one individual with the immune system of another individual. As a result, genotypes of both donor and recipient, and their interactions affect the pathogenesis of GVHD. To determine the genetic risk factors for GVHD, in the first aim (discovery phase), we will conduct Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in 3,000 patients who underwent Allo-HSCT and in their respective donors (6000 DNA samples) that are provided to us by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), a research collaboration between the NMDP and Medical College of Wisconsin. In the second aim, we will validate the association between high risk genotypes detected in the first aim and severe GVHD in 1,750 donors and 1,750 recipients of Allo-HSCT, and perform the joint analysis with the discovery samples. In the third aim, we will investigate the functional effect of SNPs detected and validated to be significantly correlated with the severity of acute GVHD in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), as an ex vivo surrogate for an alloimmune response.

  Study phs002185

• NRG-GY017: Atezolizumab before and/or with Chemoradiotherapy in Immune System Activation in Patients with Node Positive Stage IB2, II, IIIB, or IVA Cervical Cancer

  Locally advanced cervical cancer remains an area of high therapeutic unmet need, with ~50% of patients developing disease recurrence despite treatment with chemotherapy combined with radiation. Combination of immune checkpoint blockade with chemoradiation has been explored in this setting, but optimal sequencing of these modalities is unknown. To address this question, we developed and conducted the NCI sponsored trial “Anti PD-L1 (Atezolizumab) as an Immune Primer and Concurrently with Extended Field Chemoradiotherapy for Node Positive Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer”, randomizing patients to atezolizumab administration prior to and concurrent with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) vs. concurrent with CRT (NRG-GY017; N=40, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03738228). Patients were randomized to atezolizumab neoadjuvant and concurrent (Arm A) or concurrent with CRT (Arm B). The study closed to successful accrual of 36 evaluable patients in June 2020. Out of 40 patients consented patients, 4 were never treated. The reasons for that are: 2 were screen failures, 1 withdrew consent, and 1 was not treated due to physician preference. The study incorporated comprehensive collection of pre- and on-treatment tumor biopsies as well as multitime point blood collections. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was performed on the tumors as well as pre- and on-treatment peripheral blood, and the data are included with dbGaP submission. Among the 36 eligible and treated patients, there were 30 (17 on Arm A and 13 on Arm B) with pre- and on-treatment peripheral TCR sequencing data. Twenty-five patients (14 in Arm A and 11 in Arm B) had additional tumor TCR sequencing data available, which enabled tracking of tumor-associated TCR clones in peripheral blood. We demonstrate that neoadjuvant atezolizumab administration results in peripheral expansion of higher proportion of tumor-associated TCR clones in Arm A than in Arm B and is associated with favorable 2-year disease-free survival (DFS). No new safety signals were identified. These findings support further evaluation of the neoadjuvant IO and CRT sequencing strategy in locally advanced cervical cancer.

  Study phs003833

• Contextual and Health Behavior Effects on Epigenetic Aging Among Africans in the Family and Community Health Studies

  The Family and Community Health Studies (FACHS) is a longitudinal examination of health and health related behaviors in African American families. The original study cohort consisted of 867 African American parent-child dyads from Georgia and Iowa who were ascertained in cooperation with local school districts. The key inclusion criteria for participating in the study were the presence of an adolescent in the 5th grade (approximately 10-11 years old) who self-identified as African American (i.e., the Target) and the participation of a primary caretaker (PC) for the Target. The clinical and biological data included in this collection are from the Target (i.e., FACHS-T) portion of these studies of these African American parent-child dyads. The initial wave of behavioral assessments of the FACHS-T subjects was conducted in 1997-98 (Wave 1), with seven subsequent ascertainments, Wave 2 (1999–2000), Wave 3 (2002–2003), Wave 4 (2005–2006), Wave 5 (2007–2009), Wave 6 (2010–2011), Wave 7 (2014–2016) and Wave 8 (2019-2021). Full interviews were obtained at each wave of the study with the exact content of the wave varying as a function of developmental age. These interviews of the FACHS-T subjects collected a wide variety of data including the following: perceived discrimination; socioeconomic status; substance use exposure; common internalizing and externalizing disorders such as depression, substance use, and conduct disorder; school efficacy; peer support and perceived parenting practices. Biological sampling of the FACHS-T subjects was conducted at three time points. Saliva DNA was collected at Wave 5 while full phlebotomy was conducted at Waves 7 and 8. The genome wide methylation data listed below is derived from the whole blood DNA samples collected at Wave 8 and Wave 9. The genome wide genotyping data was determined using DNA from the Wave 7 samples. The clinical and biological data available herein are those from 309 FACHS-T subjects who participated in both Wave 7 and Wave 8, and who consented for deposition of their data in dbGAP.

  Study phs003723

• Kids First: Whole Genome Sequencing in Recessive Structural Brain Defects

  Almost 5% of all live births in the US (1:20 births) display an inborn defect, including both structural and functional/metabolic abnormalities. These are among the most common causes of Infant mortality in the developed world and underlie nearly half of hospitalizations in the first 3 years of life. Of the 35 major defects observable at birth from the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance Program (www.icbdsr.org, external link), about half involve the nervous system. Many of these result in lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders. Structural Brain Defects (SBDs) result from errors in development of the central nervous system, including defects in the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Many SBDs arise as the consequence of a single gene bi-allelic mutation, and for this reason, occur more commonly in populations or communities with elevated consanguinity.Our lab has identified dozens of novel SBD genes using WES/WGS in consanguineous SBD families. Importantly, the genes that we and others have identified in these unique families are then used to advance diagnosis in pediatric SBDs around the world. We have built an enormous cohort of SBD families, including newly recruited families not yet studied genetically, and previous families that were negative for cause following WES analysis. Here we propose to collaborate with the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program (X01) to have sequencing performed in individuals from a total of 200 families with genetically undiagnosed SBDs. The Gleeson Lab team of researchers is dedicated to the field of SBDs, with an outstanding track record of high-impact science, and a collaborative approach to discovery. We have 150 newly recruited families that we propose to study by WES by sequencing blood-derived DNA from two affected patients, or the parents and one affected patient. We also have 50 families in which WES was negative, which we propose to study in a multi-omics approach combining WGS from blood-derived DNA. We anticipate that this study will lead to the identification of many new molecular causes of SBDs, as well as uncover new genotype-phenotype correlations and new disease mechanisms, paving the way for future breakthroughs in detection, treatment and prevention.

  Study phs002590

• Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program in Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  The outcome for patients with relapsed T-ALL is dismal with 3-year event free survival of AALL0434 was a Children's Oncology Group-initiated phase 3 randomized clinical trial comparing Capizzi-style escalating methotrexate plus pegaspargase (CMTX) vs. high dose methotrexate (HDMTX), with/without six 5-day courses of nelarabine. Survival on this study was superior to any prior trial for de novo T-ALL, changing the standard of care. Yet, a substantial minority (~15%) of patients had relapsed or refractory (r/r) disease. Through the TARGET initiative, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), DNA copy number analysis, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed on 264 T-ALL patients treated on AALL0434, demonstrating recurrent alterations could be grouped into 10 different potentially targetable functional pathways. This analysis was not powered to examine associations between genetic lesions with outcome, because too few patients with r/r disease were included. This project is dedicated to testing the hypothesis that comprehensive genomic profiling of the entire AALL0434 cohort will identify recurrent genetic alterations that can be segregated into biologically relevant deregulated pathways that can be combined with MRD to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes before they relapse and provide rationale for treatment with alternative therapies. In addition, a number of small recent studies demonstrated that many of the biologically relevant alterations in T-ALL occur in non-coding regions of the genome, but no large studies have performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) in T-ALL. This project also tests the hypothesis that WGS of a large cohort of patients with T-ALL will identify novel lesions in coding and non-coding regions that will be highly impactful in the understanding of T-ALL pathogenesis.These hypotheses are tested by performing comprehensive genomic profiling (WGS, WES, RNA-Seq, and copy number analysis) of the entire AALL0434 cohort with available samples with the following specific aims: (1) identify recurrent genetic alterations that predict poor outcome in T-ALL; (2) identify novel alterations, including non-coding alterations in T-ALL; and (3) identify germline genetic variants that predispose to T-ALL and to increased toxicity to chemotherapy.

  Study phs002276

• UK10K NEURO GURLING

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches. This sample set consists of DNA from multiply affected schizophrenia families. The families have been diagnosed using the SADS-L clinical instrument which gives diagnoses at the probable level of the research diagnostic criteria (RDC). In addition all diagnoses are available using DSMIIIR criteria. These criteria are widely accepted as being valid and reliable for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. All families have been collected to ensure that they are uni-lineal for transmission of schizophrenia, i.e. they have only one affected parent with schizophrenia, or a relative of only one transmitting or obligate carrier parent with schizophrenia. Families with bi-lineal transmission of schizophrenia (i.e. with both parents being affected) were not sampled for this study. All families have multiple cases of schizophrenia and related disorders. The families have been selected to ensure there are no cases of bipolar disorder within them and that they do not contain bipolar disorder in any relatives on either side of the family.For further information on this cohort please contact Hugh Gurling (h.gurling@ucl.ac.uk).

  Study EGAS00001000225

• Genomic analysis of patient-derived xenograft models reveals intratumor-heterogeneity in endometrial cancer and can predict tumor growth inhibition with talazoparib

  Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a major gynecological cancer with increasing incidence. It comprised of four molecular subtypes with differing etiology, prognoses, and response to chemotherapy. In the future, clinical trials testing new single agents or combination therapies will be targeted to the molecular subtype most likely to respond. Pre-clinical models that faithfully represent the molecular subtypes of EC are urgently needed, we sought to develop and characterize a panel of novel EC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Methods: Here, we report whole exome or whole genome sequencing of 11 PDX models and the matched primary tumor. Analysis of multiple PDX lineages and passages was performed to study tumor heterogeneity across lineages and/or passages. Based on recent reports of frequent defects in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway in EC, we assessed mutational signatures and HR deficiency scores and correlated these with in vivo responses to the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) talazoparib in six PDXs representing the copy number high/p53-mutant and mismatch-repair deficient molecular subtypes of EC. Results: PDX models were successfully generated with similar histomorphology from all four molecular subtypes of EC and uterine carcinosarcomas. We also observed a wide range of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity across different PDX lineages, however one arm of most PDX models recapitulated the molecular landscape of the primary tumor without major genomic drift. An in vivo response to talazoparib was detected in four copy number high models. Two models (carcinosarcomas) showed a response consistent with stable disease and two models (one copy number high serous EC and another carcinosarcoma) showed significant tumor growth inhibition, albeit one consistent with progressive disease, however all lacked the HR deficiency genomic signature. Conclusions: EC PDX models represent the four molecular subtypes of disease and can capture intra-tumoral heterogeneity of the original primary tumor. PDXs of the copy number high molecular subtype showed sensitivity to PARPi, however, deeper and more durable responses will likely require combination of PARPi with other agents.

  Study EGAS00001004666

• RNA sequencing data from glioblastoma primary cell lines treated with indisulam data access committee

  Four glioblastoma primary cell lines (BT592/pt1, BT1007/pt2, BT1009/pt3; BT1012/pt4) were derived from glioblastoma Cavitron Ultrasonic Aspirator (CUSA) material and cultured as neurospheres (GB-NS) in DMEM/F12+Glutamax medium containing B27 supplement (Thermofisher, Waltham, MA, USA) and the mitogenic factors epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor b (bFGF) (Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). GB-NS were confirmed mycoplasma-free by PCR Test. Cells were seeded in triplicate in 6-well plates, treated with 5 μM indisulam (Sigma Aldrich, Merk), or vehicle control, and collected after 6 and 16 hours for RNA extraction. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent (Life Technologies, Thermo Fisher, cat n. 15596026), RNeasy Mini Kit, and RNase-Free DNase Set (Qiagen, cat n. 74104 and 79254). Sample QC, RNA library preparations, and sequencing reactions were conducted at GENEWIZ (Germany GmbH). The concentration of RNA was quantified using a Qubit Fluorometer (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and RNA integrity was assayed using a TapeStation. Sequencing libraries were prepared with RNA with PolyA selection and ERCC spike-in with standard ERCC kit (ERCC RNA Spike-In Mix,Thermo Fisher 4456740). Final libraries (Illumina, RNA with PolyA selection) were sequenced on a NovaSeq platform, producing 2×150 base paired-end reads.

  Dac EGAC50000000407

• Rapid response of APC/TP53/KRAS mutated stage IV colorectal cancer under FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab detected by liquid biopsy: a case report

  In our non-interventional liquid biopsy study, a male patient in his fifties diagnosed with stage IV colorectal cancer and polytope liver metastases rapidly progressed after completing chemotherapy and deceased 8 months after diagnosis. Retrospective cell free DNA testing showed that the APC/TP53/KRAS major clone responded quickly after 3 cycles of FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab. Retrospective exome sequencing of pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy tissue samples including metastases confirmed that the APC/TP53/KRAS and other major clonal mutations (GPR50, SLC5A, ZIC3, SF3A1 and others) were present in all samples. After the last chemotherapy cycle,

  Study EGAS00001004088

• Transcriptome analysis of a novel human iPSC-derived 3D cortical tissue model – 2D versus 3D co-culture comparison

  Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human iPSC-derived microglia/astrocytes/neurons in a novel, human in vitro 3D cortical tissue model, as well as 2D co-cultures for comparison. Samples include distinct conditions (each as biological triplicates): - wild-type cells from 2D or 3D co-cultures after 3 months of culturing (2D_WT, 3D_WT) - knock-in cells from 2D or 3D co-cultures carrying three familial AD mutations in the APP gene (Swedish, Iberian, Arctic; introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in) after 3 months of culturing (2D_KI, 3D_KI) - 2D and 3D KI cultures treated with Bumetanide (KI_bum) or BACE IV (KI_bace) inhibitor

  Study EGAS50000001392

• Molecular profiling of longitudinally observed small colorectal polyps: a cohort study

  Knowledge of the natural history of colorectal adenomas is limited because these lesions are removed upon detection. The few studies in which small adenomas have been left in situ for a limited period of time have shown that most lesions remain stable or even completely vanish. Lesions that have grown in size more often turn out to be advanced adenomas when resected. Specific DNA copy number changes (cancer associated events or CAEs) are associated with progression of adenomas to cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether growth of small colorectal polyps left in situ is associated with specific molecular features.

  Study EGAS00001003284

• Predicting brain tumor recurrence: development and validation of a DNA-methylation based nomogram in meningioma

  Our work is the first to demonstrate the transformative utility of integrating clinical and molecular factors for use beyond simple classification into the realm of individualized prognostication for any brain tumor. Using our developed and validated tools that are publicly available, clinicians will be able combine clinical and molecular factors to determine an individualized probability of recurrence for patients with meningiomas. This represents a major advance in the field of personalized medicine for neuro-oncology, and the use of this tool can help clinicians overcome one of the most challenging limitations we face when treating patients with meningiomas.

  Study EGAS00001003490

• Control samples, breast cancer clinical samples and matched patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDTXs) to develop and test a computational approach to discriminate human and mouse sequences in PDTXs

  Patient-Derived Tumour Xenografts (PDTXs) have emerged as the pre-clinical models that best represent clinical tumour diversity and intra-tumour heterogeneity. The molecular characterization of PDTXs using High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) is essential; however, the presence of mouse stroma is challenging for HTS data analysis. Indeed, the high homology between the two genomes results in a proportion of mouse reads being mapped as human. In this study we generated Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from samples with known mixtures of mouse and human DNA or RNA.

  Study EGAS00001002445

• A common single nucleotide variant in T is strongly associated with chordoma

  Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor that expresses the transcription factor T. We conducted an association study of 40 patients with chordoma and 358 ancestry-matched, unaffected individuals with replication in an independent cohort. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing of T exons reveals a strong risk association ( allelic odds ratio (OR) = 4.9, P = 3.3x10-11, CI= 2.9-8.1) with the common (minor allelic frequency >5%) non-synonymous SNP rs2305089 in chordoma, which is exceptional in cancer genetics.

  Dataset EGAD00001000226

• Timing the landmark events in the evolution of clear cell renal cell cancer

  Clear cell renal cancer is characterized by near-universal loss of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p). This event arises through unknown mechanisms, but critically results in the loss of several tumor suppressor genes. We analyzed whole genomes from 95 biopsies across 33 patients with clear cell renal cancer (ccRCC) recruited into the Renal TRACERx study. We find novel hotspots of point mutations in the 5'-UTR of TERT, targeting a MYC-MAX repressor, that result in telomere lengthening. The most common structural abnormality generates simultaneous 3p loss and 5q gain (36% patients), typically through chromothripsis. Using molecular clocks, we estimate this occurs in childhood or adolescence, generally preceding emergence of the most recent common ancestor by years to decades. Similar genomic changes recent common ancestor by years to decades. Similar genomic changes are seen in inherited kidney cancers. Modeling differences in age-incidence between inherited and sporadic cancers suggests that the number of cells with 3p loss capable of initiating sporadic tumors is no more than a few hundred. Targeting essential genes in deleted regions of chromosome 3p could represent a potential preventative strategy for renal cancer.

  Dataset EGAD00001003445

• Evolution and clinical impact of genetic epistasis within EGFR-mutant lung cancers: multi-timepoint exome sequencing of a single patient's disease

  This dataset is a time-series of EGFR-mutant NSCLC clinical specimens from an individual patient profiled using tumor-based whole exome sequencing and the data is in BAM format. DNA was extracted from FFPE for primary tumor and frozen tumor tissue samples and matched non-tumor tissue using the Qiagen Allprep DNA/RNA Mini Kit.  The library preparation protocol was based on the Agilent SureSelect Library Prep and Capture System. DNA was resuspended in a low TE buffer and sheared (Duty Cycle 5%; Intensity 175; Cycles/Burst: 200; Time: 300s, Corvaris S2 Utrasonicator).  Bar-coded exome libraries were prepared using the Agilent Sure Select V5 library kit per manfucaturer’s specifications. The libraries were run on the HiSeq2500. Raw paired end reads (100bp) in FastQ format generated by the Illumina pipeline were aligned to the full hg19 genomic assembly obtained from USCS, gencode 14, using bwa version 0.7.12. Picard tools version 1.117 was used to sort, remove duplicate reads and generate QC statistics. Tumor DNA was sequenced to median depth of 303X (range 114.39-383.41) and the matched germline DNA to average depth of 231.65.

  Dataset EGAD00001003769

• SS18-SSX-mediated hijacking of BAF complexes drives synovial sarcoma

  Synovial sarcoma (SS) is defined by a recurrent t(x;18) chromosomal translocation, which produces the hallmark SS18-SSX oncogenic fusion. Incorporation of SS18-SSX into BAF complexes renders BAF complexes aberrant in two distinct manners: the addition of 78aa of SSX onto SS18, and concomitant loss of BAF47 assembly. However, the importance and functional contributions of each of these perturbations on BAF complex targeting and gene expression regulation remain unclear. Here we use an integrative set of genomic approaches in human cancer cell lines and primary tumor samples to define the mechanistic consequences of the SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein. We find that SS18-SSX hijacks BAF complexes to broad polycomb domains to activate bivalent genes, driving a unique gene expression program distinct from other loss-of-function BAF complex malignancies. Importantly, restoration of BAF47 rescues enhancer activation but is dispensable for proliferative arrest in cell lines. These results demonstrate that gain-of-function SS18-SSX-mediated BAF complex targeting and gene activation is the driving event in SS, and present a mechanism by which distinct functions of BAF complexes can be co-opted to drive oncogenesis.

  Dataset EGAD00001004135

• Ovarian Cancer Organoid Biobank

  WGS of ovarian cancer organoids, tumor samples and blood references. Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease usually diagnosed at a late stage. Experimental in vitro models that faithfully capture the hallmarks and tumor heterogeneity of OC are limited and hard to establish. We present a novel protocol that enables efficient derivation and long-term expansion of OC organoids. Utilizing this protocol, we have established 56 organoid lines from 32 patients, representing the spectrum of ovarian neoplasms, including non-malignant borderline tumors, as well as mucinous, clear-cell, endometrioid, low- and high-grade serous carcinomas. OC organoids recapitulate histological and genomic features of the pertinent lesion from which they were derived, illustrating intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity, and can be genetically modified. We show that OC organoids can be used for drug screening assays and capture different tumor subtype responses to the gold standard platinum-based chemotherapy, including acquisition of chemoresistance in recurrent disease. Finally, OC organoids can be xenografted, enabling in vivo drug sensitivity assays. Taken together, this demonstrates their potential application for research and personalized medicine.

  Dataset EGAD00001004387

• BLUEPRINT EpiVar ChIP-seq in lineage specifying transcription factors

  The BLUEPRINT project is a large-scale project investigating epigenetic mechanisms involved in blood formation, in health and disease. The human variation workpackage (WP10) of the project seeks to characterize the effect of common sequence variation on the epigenome status of a cell. To do this, the project will use highly purified blood cells to minimise "experimental noise" and therefore enhance the power to discover modest effects. Two peripheral blood cell types, the CD14+CD16- monocyte (an important central orchestrator of adaptive immunity and a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity) and the CD65+CD9- neutrophilic granulocyte (the frontline cell for innate immunity) have been selected for this purpose. The two types of cells will be obtained at high purity from adult blood (AB) of 200 healthy males and females, respectively. Cells will be purified by using already validated and fully operational protocols that are based on density gradient centrifugation of the buffy coat obtained from whole blood, followed by magnetic bead-based purification using monoclonal antibodies against Cluster of Differentiation (CD) lineage-specific cell surface markers. This data set contains functional genomics data for gene expression and chromatin state.

  Dataset EGAD00001004571

• P647 Targeted resequencing project

  In collaboration with Dr Robert Semple we have identified a family harbouring an autosomal dominant variant, which leads to severe insulin resistance (SIR), short stature and facial dysmorphism. This family is unique within the SIR cohort in having normal lipid profiles, preserved adiponectin and normal INSR expression and phosphorylation. DNA is available for 7 affected and 7 unaffected family members across 3 generations. All 14 samples have been genotyped using microsatellites and the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP chip. Linkage analysis identified an 18.8Mb haplotype on chromosome 19 as a possible location of the causative variant. However, Exome sequencing of 3 affected and 1 unaffected family members has not identified the causative variant suggesting the possibility of an intronic or intergenic variant in this region or elsewhere in the genome. We propose to conduct whole genome sequencing of 5 members of the pedigree at a depth of 20X. The chosen samples are two sets of parents plus one member of an unaffected branch of the pedigree who shares the risk haplotype on chromosome 19. Sequencing of the two sets of parents will be used along with the genome-wide SNP data to impute 4 affected children giving an effect sample size of 6 affected individuals.

  Dataset EGAD00001000383

• Single Cell Sequencing of Sperm (scSperm)

  The aim of this project is to genotype and sequence single spermatozoa from two men, one in his twenties and the other in his seventies. The resulting data is used to quantify the mutations that have arisen in the gametes of both individuals in order to better understand the effect of aging on mutation rates and modes.Project Outline. In order to quantify mutations, semen from two individuals are sequenced. 48 single sperm cells are isolated from each individual, and their DNA is extracted. The resulting genomes are amplified using PicoPlex, GenomiPhi MDA, Repli-G MDA, and MALBAC. QC step is applied to check the quality of WGA DNA using standard Sequenom plex (26 SNPs). A subset of 32 amplification products which pass the intiall QC, are genotyped using Affymetrix SNP6 chips. 12 of the genotyped amplification products are also sequenced. In addition, one multi-cell sample per individual is sequenced as a reference and for validation purposes.Altogether, 12 single cell sperm genomes and two multi-cell genomes are sequenced, coming to a total of 14 genomes. Of the single cell sperm genomes, 2 are sequenced to 50x coverage, and the other 10 to 25x coverage. Both multi-cell genomes are sequenced to 25x coverage.

  Dataset EGAD00001001216

• Field effect of healthy and diseased livers (2019-04-08)

  Recent work in the Campbell group has revealed somatic mutations present in normal, non-cancerous human skin. A subset of the mutations conferred selective advantages to the host cells, leading to clonal expansions and raising the risk for future cancer development. Capturing such somatic mutations in normal tissue is important to advance our understanding about carcinogenesis and could provide prospective medical insights. In this project, our goal is to detect somatic mutations in normal (pre-cancerous) liver tissue. Using Laser Microdissection technology, we will dissect individual liver lobules from patient samples and submit these to sequencing. For each patient sample, we aim to sequence multiple lobules to characterise the mutagenic burden. Samples will be taken from patients with different liver disease aetiologies, including alcoholism and obesity, with a view on distinguishing the prevalent mutation types occurring in each disease context. We will perform targeted sequencing, initially using the WTSI cancer panel. Later we aim to use a novel bait set that captures both cancer genes as well as genes relevant to the non-cancerous samples (ie. genes implicated in hereditary disorders, immune sequences). . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-04-08.

  Dataset EGAD00001004941

• CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of Schistosoma mansoni acetylcholinesterase

  Here we report successful gene knock-in (KI) in the eggs of Schistosoma mansoni by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs). We targeted the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene of S. mansoni using two synthetic guide RNAs (gRNAs), X5 and X7, respectively. Liver eggs of S. mansoni were exposed to CRISPR-vector containing X5 or X7 by electroporation. Simultaneously, eggs were transfected with a ssODN donor encoding a stop codon in all six frames. Next generation sequencing analysis revealed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing in S. mansoni eggs resulted in Homology-Directed Repair (HDR) when template DNA ssODN provided. Furthermore, soluble egg antigen (SEA) from AChE-modified eggs exhibited markedly reduced AChE activity compared with controls, indicative that programmed Cas9 cleavage mutated the AChE gene. Following injection of modified schistosome eggs into the tail veins of mice, a significant decrease in granuloma size in the lungs of these animals. Notably, an enhanced Th2 response induced by eggs in lung, and splenocytes small intestine-draining mesenteric lymph node cells was also generated in mice injected with X5-KI eggs in different methods. These findings further demonstrate the power and utility of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing for undertaking functional genomics studies in schistosomes.

  Dataset EGAD00001006573

• Distinct embryonic phylogenies and driver events of infant Wilms tumor - DNA

  Cancers of adults typically arise through progressive rounds of clonal diversification and intratumoral selective sweeps which generate a long mutational trunk with shorter subclonal branches. Here, we investigated whether tumors of young children exhibit the same phylogenetic configuration. We studied three infants, including two newborns, with the childhood kidney cancer, Wilms tumour, through whole genome sequencing of bulk tissues, of single cell derived organoids, and of microdissections. All three cancers exhibited unusual driver events, with tumours of newborns harbouring FOXR2 rearrangements, delineating a distinct variant of Wilms tumour. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that tumors were seeded in an early, possibly confined window of development. Unusually, following seeding there was extensive polyclonal diversification with little evidence of clonal sweeps, leading to a distinct phylogenetic configuration more reminiscent of normal tissues rather than of adult cancers. These findings indicate that some childhood cancers may diversify via unorthodox phylogenetic pathways.

  Dataset EGAD00001009812

• Spatially resolved antigen receptor and gene expression data from human tonsil tissue

  The dataset includes spatially-resolved gene expression and antigen receptor data from two Tonsil samples (1 and 2). Tissue sections from the tonsil samples were used for spatial transcriptomics (Visium, 10x genomics). Tonsil 2 tissue sections were analyzed by a new method (Spatial VDJ) to spatially resolve antigen receptor sequences (target capture), which was developed in our publication. Nearby or adjacent tissue sections (from Tonsil2) were also analyzed by a bulk antigen receptor sequencing approach (amplicon sequencing), by a method also newly developed by us in the same publication (Bulk SS3 VDJ). For Visium, the data were anonymized (all SNPs removed) using Bamboozle (Ziegenhain and Sandberg, Nature Communications 2021). The deposited data is in the form of fastq files. All remaining data, metadata, micrographs of the tissue sections (of those used for spatial transcriptomics), and scripts used for the analysis are available at Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7961605). Final libraries were sequenced on NextSeq2000 (Illumina) or NovaSeq6000 (Illumina) and analyzed with Seurat, Space Ranger, and STutility pipelines.

  Dataset EGAD00001011062

• RNA sequencing in primary human macrophages overexpressing ETS2

  This dataset consists of RNA sequencing data from an ETS2 overexpression experiment in M0 macrophages. Controlled overexpression of ETS2 mRNA or control mRNA (an equivalent amount of mRNA encoding the reverse complement of ETS2 – thereby controlling for the quantity, length and purine/pyrimidine composition of the transfected RNA but with a transcript that would not be translated) was induced in resting, non-activated (M0) macrophages by transfecting predefined amounts of in vitro transcribed mRNA. To minimise non-specific activation due to the transfected RNA, in vitro transcription was performed using co-transcriptional capping (to minimise uncapped products), and incorporating modified, minimally immunogenic nucleotides (replacing uridine with N1-methyl-pseudouridine and cytidine with methylcytidine). After 18 hours, transfected cells were were activated with low dose LPS and harvested for RNA-sequencing 6 hours later. Sequencing libraries were prepared from 10ng RNA using the SMARTer Stranded Total RNA-Seq Kit v2 - Pico Input Mammalian (Takara) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The quality and molarity of all libraries was assessed using a BioAnalyzer 2100 and the libraries were sequenced on a NovaSeq6000. Raw data are provided as 100 bp paired-end Illumina reads from n = 8 donors.

  Dataset EGAD00001011341

• Single-cell level characterization of B cell depletion and repopulation following rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus

  Rituximab, a CD20+ B cell depletion therapy, is frequently used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, variability in patient response highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying immune cell dynamics of B cell depletion and repopulation. In this study, we conducted longitudinal single-cell profiling of nine SLE patients treated with rituximab from pretreatment to up to 15 months post-treatment. These were compared to eight healthy controls. We profiled PBMCs via 10X Genomics single-cell RNA, surface protein (CITE-seq), B cell receptor (BCR), and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and sequenced bulk BCR repertoires in parallel. For single cell sequencing, 10 pools were created with an equal number of cells from 4 samples each. Samples collected at different timepoints from the same patient were distributed across different pools to allow demultiplexing of individuals using genotypes captured from the scRNA-seq data. Libraries were pooled using a ratio of GEX:CITE:TCR:BCR=9:2:1:1 and were sequenced across two lanes of the NovaSeq 6000. For bulk BCR sequencing, individual samples were demultiplexed using primer barcodes and paired-end BCR amplicon reads were merged prior to submission; data are provided as unmapped single-end reads.

  Dataset EGAD00001015817

• BMI EWAS summary stats

  Summary statistics for a multi-cohort epigenome-wide association study. This includes summary statistics (effect-size, standard error, p-value) for 470,000 methylation markers.

  Dataset EGAD00010001029

• Reference epigenome CKD23_C_Mesan_mRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A CKD23_C_Mesan_mRNA-Seq paired end data for Mesangial cells(kidney)

  Dataset EGAD00001003481

• Reference epigenome CKD27_C_Mesan_mRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A CKD27_C_Mesan_mRNA-Seq paired end data for Mesangial cells(kidney)

  Dataset EGAD00001003484

• Reference epigenome CKD23_C_Mesan_smRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A CKD23_C_Mesan_smRNA-Seq single end data for Mesangial cells(kidney)

  Dataset EGAD00001003497

• Reference epigenome CKD27_C_Mesan_smRNA-Seq data generated from KEP study

  A CKD27_C_Mesan_smRNA-Seq single end data for Mesangial cells(kidney)

  Dataset EGAD00001003500

• 20180208_EGA_Trench_MetCellLine.1

  Illumina platform sequencing data of SureSelect exome libraries prepared from 3 samples from one donor: a normal, primary breast cancer, and cell line derived from metastasis

  Dataset EGAD00001003956

• Reference epigenome SMC05_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC05_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003849

• Reference epigenome SMC06_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC06_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003850

• Reference epigenome SMC01_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC01_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003845

• Reference epigenome SMC02_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC02_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003846

• Reference epigenome SMC03_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC03_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003847

• Reference epigenome SMC04_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC04_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003848

• Reference epigenome SMC07_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC07_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003851

• Reference epigenome SMC08_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC08_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003852

• Reference epigenome SMC09_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) data generated from KEP study

  A SMC09_ChIP-Seq(H3K27me3) paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003853

• Reference epigenome SMC07_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC07_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003875

• Reference epigenome SMC01_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC01_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003871

• Reference epigenome SMC02_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC02_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003872

• Reference epigenome SMC05_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC05_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003873

• Reference epigenome SMC06_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC06_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003874

• Reference epigenome SMC08_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC08_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003876

• Reference epigenome SMC09_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC09_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003877

• Reference epigenome SMC03_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC03_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003888

• Reference epigenome SMC04_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A SMC04_WGBS paired end data for skeletal muscle cells

  Dataset EGAD00001003889

• Reference epigenome KNIH010 mRNA-seq data generated from KEP study

  A KNIH010 mRNA-seq paired end data for podocytes

  Dataset EGAD00001002176

• Reference epigenome KNIH011 mRNA-seq data generated from KEP study

  A KNIH011 mRNA-seq paired end data for podocytes

  Dataset EGAD00001002177

• Haemoglobin E beta thalassaemia in a patient group from Sri Lanka

  Exome sequencing of 32 patient samples from Sri Lanka with the condition haemoglobin E beta thalassaemia

  Dataset EGAD00001002185

• Reference epigenome KNIH010 miRNA-seq data generated from KEP study

  A KNIH010 miRNA-seq single end data for podocytes

  Dataset EGAD00001002769

• Reference epigenome KNIH011 miRNA-seq data generated from KEP study

  A KNIH011 miRNA-seq single end data for podocytes

  Dataset EGAD00001002770

• Mexico Biobank 50 Genomes

  50 Whole genome sequences from 50 Mexican individuals with a high proportion of Native American ancestry.

  Dataset EGAD00001008354

• Long-term organoid culture of a small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor

  organoid and tissue bam files from rna-seq experiment

  Dataset EGAD00001010175

• Metagenomic Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance in Infectious Diarrhea

  The study of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in infectious diarrhea has generally been limited to cultivation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and targeted PCR assays. When individual strains of significance are identified, whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing of important clones and clades is performed. Genes that encode resistance to antibiotics have been detected in environmental, insect, human and animal metagenomes and are known as "resistomes". While metagenomic datasets have been mined to characterize the healthy human gut resistome in the Human Microbiome Project and MetaHIT and in a Yanomani Amerindian cohort, directed metagenomic sequencing has not been used to examine the epidemiology of AMR. Especially in developing countries where sanitation is poor, diarrhea and enteric pathogens likely serve to disseminate antibiotic resistance elements of clinical significance. Unregulated use of antibiotics further exacerbates the problem by selection for acquisition of resistance. This is exemplified by recent reports of multiple antibiotic resistance in Shigella strains in India, in Escherichia coli in India and Pakistan, and in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) in South-East Asia. We propose to use deep metagenomic sequencing and genome level assembly to study the epidemiology of AMR in stools of children suffering from diarrhea. Here the epidemiology component will be surveillance and analysis of the microbial composition (to the bacterial species/strain level where possible) and its constituent antimicrobial resistance genetic elements (such as plasmids, integrons, transposons and other mobile genetic elements, or MGEs) in samples from a cohort where diarrhea is prevalent and antibiotic exposure is endemic. The goal will be to assess whether consortia of specific mobile antimicrobial resistance elements associate with species/strains and whether their presence is enhanced or amplified in diarrheal microbiomes and in the presence of antibiotic exposure. This work could potentially identify clonal complexes of organisms and MGEs with enhanced resistance and the potential to transfer this resistance to other enteric pathogens. We have performed WGS, metagenomic assembly and gene/protein mapping to examine and characterize the types of AMR genes and transfer elements (transposons, integrons, bacteriophage, plasmids) and their distribution in bacterial species and strains assembled from DNA isolated from diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools. The samples were acquired from a cohort of pediatric patients and controls from Colombia, South America where antibiotic use is prevalent. As a control, the distribution and abundance of AMR genes can be compared to published studies where resistome gene lists from healthy cohort sequences were compiled. Our approach is more epidemiologic in nature, as we plan to identify and catalogue antimicrobial elements on MGEs capable of spread through a local population and further we will, where possible, link mobile antimicrobial resistance elements with specific strains within the population.

  Study phs001260

• Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Genetics Study

  The Predictors of Spontaneous Cerebral AVM Hemorrhage study was designed to identify genetic markers that predict adverse outcomes in brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) patients, examine race-ethnicity influences on BAVM hemorrhage risk, and use genome-wide association analysis to identify novel genetic predictors of AVM and hemorrhage using the Affymetrix GeneChip. We performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) (PMID: 26818729) of sporadic BAVM to investigate association of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with risk of sporadic BAVM in the international, multicenter Genetics of Arteriovenous Malformation (GEN-AVM) consortium. The study included a Caucasian discovery cohort of 515 BAVM cases and 1,191 controls genotyped using Affymetrix genome-wide SNP arrays. The Phase 1 discovery cohort comprised of 338 BAVM cases (154 male) and 504 controls genotyped using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. The molecular data (individual genetic data) for the Phase 1 discovery cohort 338 BAVM cases (self-reported Caucasian) recruited at University of California, San Francisco, or Kaiser Permanente of Northern California (KPNC) are included in the dbGaP Study Report: Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Genetics Study, with the additional BAVM case phenotypic and sample attribute characteristics: sex, race, age at BAVM diagnosis, hemorrhagic presentation, BAVM size. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and the study was approved by the respective Institutional Review Boards. The molecular dataset for this study in dbGaP is based on the genotypes obtained for the initial set of 906,600 SNPs for cases and controls called together using Birdseed v2 algorithm in Affymetrix Genotyping Console Software. The final QC'd dataset includes 717,335 markers as SNPs with MAF<0.01 or deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.00001) in controls were excluded. After QC, the average genotyping call rate was 99%. The discovery phase GWAS identified 57 top BAVM-associated SNPs which were tested in a replication cohort including 608 BAVM cases and 744 controls. The molecular dataset for these 338 BAVM cases was also included in a report investigating common and rare genome-wide copy number variation for association with BAVM (PMID: 24098321), which included a total sample size of 371 sporadic Caucasian BAVM cases and 563 Caucasian controls. This study identified a CNV region on 1p36.13 (NBPF1 locus) that was significantly enriched with duplications in BAVM cases compared to controls, although this association did not replicate in an independent cohort of 184 sporadic BAVM cases and 182 controls. This resource will help researchers to better understand the genetic risk factors for BAVM and/or hemorrhage. These data may be applied to examine the genetic contributions to arteriovenous malformation, stroke, and related vascular disorders and may help generate hypotheses regarding the genetics of cerebrovascular disease.

  Study phs002069

• The Genomic Landscape of Mongolian Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  Background and Hypotheses: Mongolia has the highest reported incidence of - and mortality from - hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the world, which is between three and seven times higher than that observed in other high-incidence populations, such as South Korea, Thailand, and China. Although its causative factors and underlying tumor biology remain unknown, risk factors such as chronic hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus infection are highly prevalent. Moreover, Mongolia has an extraordinarily high prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV), more than ten times above the global estimate, which we hypothesize as a major driver of Mongolian hepatocarcinogenesis. By performing a comprehensive and integrative genomic characterization, we aimed to identify robust molecular subclasses and driver features informative of the etiology and progression of the disease. This study, the first one of this nature ever to be conducted on a Mongolian cohort, identifies similarities to previous studies performed on other populations (which reflect general characteristics of liver carcinogenesis) as well as unique features of Mongolian HCC. Study Design and Methods: Clinical information and paired tumor/non-tumor liver tissue samples were obtained from 76 HCC patients undergoing surgery at the National Cancer Center of Mongolia. Transcriptome sequencing and whole exome sequencing were performed on all tumor and non-tumor samples, followed by bioinformatics processing and quality control. Consensus clustering and regularized Cox regression analyses were performed on transcriptome data. Driver mutations and mutational signatures were assessed. These results were compared to those from 373 HCC patients of different races and ethnicities and diverse etiologies. Furthermore, molecular subclass gene signatures from multiple previous studies were assessed for validation. Results and Conclusions: Using a transcriptomics-based unsupervised approach, we identified four molecular subclasses among Mongolian HCC cases, which were associated with different patient survival outcomes. These molecular subclasses were mapped to signatures reported in other HCC cohorts, showing significant associations consistent with survival outcomes. A supervised analysis determined risk scores strongly associated with survival, consistent with the four molecular subclasses. Mutational signature analysis using recently published COSMIC and Environmental Agents Compendia identified signatures with distinct prevalence among HDV+ and HVD- groups. Signatures differentially associated with HDV+ include mutational patterns linked to alkylating agents (such as temozolomide), tobacco chewing and exposures to 1,8-Dinitropyrene and furan, whereas HDV- appeared differentially associated with aristolochic acid II. In addition to common driver mutations (TP53, CTNNB1) frequently found in pan-cancer analysis, Mongolian HCC exhibits several unique drivers (most notably GTF2IRD2B, PNRC2, and SPTA1), the latter of which may be linked to HDV infection. These results suggest the existence of new molecular mechanisms at play in Mongolian hepatocarcinogenesis.

  Study phs002000

• NIDA Genetic Epidemiology of Opioid Dependence in Bulgaria (GEODB)

  The study was conducted in Bulgaria as a collaboration between the Molecular Medicine Center (Medical University, Sofia), the Bulgarian Addictions Institute (Sofia), the Initiative for Health Foundation (Sofia) and Washington University School of Medicine (Saint Louis, MO, USA). This is a case-population control study. Participants (N=2,499 interviews; N=1,995 with GWAS data) in our study are primarily active heroin users (78%) aged 18 and over, with a median 8.9 years of daily heroin use (minimum of 12 months). Virtually all participants (99.1%) qualified for a lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of dependence, symptom endorsement probabilities ranging from 77% to 99.3%; and 61% endorsing all symptoms. 85% were heroin injectors and 97% reported using (or having used) heroin daily. Anonymized, population-representative control samples (no phenotypic data, N = 1,062 with GWAS data) were drawn from the MMC repository. Unlike other studies, where samples are clinically ascertained (e.g., from ORT programs), our participants are primarily untreated. PTSD, major depression, suicidality, mania, alcohol, nicotine and substance dependence (separating heroin and opioids) were assessed using the MAGIC (Todd et al., 2003, PMID: 14627881), a broad semi-structured psychiatric assessment tool with good reliability and prospective stability. The onset of (any) illicit drug use in this sample is not particularly remarkable (age~16), but the age of onset of heroin use is much lower than in the USA: 25% by age 16; 50% by age 19, with no differences between ethnicities or gender. This is consistent with findings from other studies in Bulgaria. In contrast, in 2008, SAMHSA estimated an average age of 23.4 for new heroin initiates in the USA. Further, progression from first use to regular use appears to be more rapid, with the majority of participants reporting onset of dependence problems within one year of initiation. Another unique aspect of this study population are the comparatively low levels of polysubstance use (outside of nicotine and alcohol). This early-use, fast-transition and monosubstance heroin pattern stands in sharp contrast to what is reported in many studies in the Western World. In our study, 47% of Ethnic Bulgarians and 66% of Roma used only opioids, even years after the onset of drug use. 15.4% of Ethnic Bulgarians and 66.2% of Roma reported heroin as the very first illicit drug used. Lifetime, 12.5% of Ethnic Bulgarians and 52.8% of Roma report never having used another illicit drug other than heroin more than five times. While both Roma and Ethnic Bulgarians certainly experiment with other drugs, abuse/dependence rates for these drugs are low in Ethnic Bulgarians (from 8.4% for inhalants to 28% for stimulants) and in the Roma population (from 1.3% for hallucinogens to 11.2% for stimulants).

  Study phs001804

• Heart Failure Network Aldosterone Targeted Neurohormonal Combined with Natriuresis Therapy - (HFN ATHENA-BioLINCC)

  ObjectiveTo assess whether high-dose spironolactone treatment for patients with acute heart failure lowers natriuretic peptide levels and improves outcomes better than usual care.BackgroundAcute heart failure (AHF) accounts for more than a million hospitalizations in the United States annually. The role of low-dose mineralocorticoid receptors antagonists (MRAs) therapy as a neurohormonal antagonist is well established for the treatment of chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. However, the role of high-dose MRA therapy in AHF remained uncertain. A previous clinical trial suggested that the benefits of high-dose MRA therapy in AHF included lower natriuretic peptide levels, less congestion, better renal function, and less need for an intravenous diuretic. The use of intravenous loop diuretics can intensify secondary hyperaldosteronism among AHF patients, and hyperaldosteronism directly contributes to diuretic resistance in AHF. Elevated aldosterone levels in AHF are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and HF readmission. Hospitalizations for heart failure are associated with increased risk of mortality and/or readmission.The HFN-ATHENA trial was conducted to determine if mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists administered at high doses relieved congestion, decreased diuretic resistance, and mitigated the effects of adverse neurohormonal activation in AHF.SubjectsThe ATHENA trial enrolled 360 participants. Of these, 178 participants were randomized to usual care treatment (placebo or low-dose spironolactone) and 182 participants were randomized to high-dose spironolactone.DesignThe study intervention was initiated within 24 hours of patients receiving the first dose of intravenous diuretics. Participants not taking spironolactone at enrollment were randomized to 100 mg spironolactone or a placebo. Participants taking low-dose spironolactone before their hospital admission were randomized to 100 mg or 25 mg per day in the usual care treatment arm. Prescription of all other medications, including diuretics, was left at the discretion of the treating physician. The study drug was discontinued after 96 hours and further MRA use was left to the treating physician's discretion. The primary end point was the proportional change in the log NT-proBNP levels from randomization to 96 hours (or at the hospital discharge if the discharge occurred earlier than 96 hours). Secondary endpoints included: (1) a clinical congestion score; (2) dyspnea relief; (3) daily cumulative net urine output for up to 96 hours; (4) net weight change from baseline to 96 hours or discharge (whichever came first); (5) furosemide equivalents of the loop diuretic dosage at discharge; and (6) the development of in-hospital worsening HF, with signs and symptoms requiring additional therapy.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the primary or secondary endpoints between the high-dose treatment arm and the usual care treatment arm.

  Study phs003506

• Pathogenesis and Immunity in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma

  This genomic landscape of Burkitt lymphoma represents a multimodal sequencing of tumors and control tissues and individuals to better understand the etiology, and molecular pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma including the roles of the associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and EBV infections. Comprehensive sequencing set includes genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic datasets in concert with variable clinical phenotypes and outcome information such as anatomical presentation site, in-hospital survival rates, and EBV genome type. This deposit includes additional small RNA-seq data from endemic BL (eBL) tumors and RNA-sequencing data from sorted NK cell subsets from the peripheral blood of eBL patients. The additional small RNA-seq data are from tumor specimens from 17 eBL cases, of the previously deposited polyA RNA-seq data from 28 eBL cases (phs1282.V1). The additional RNAseq data from Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of NK cell subsets, isolated from the peripheral blood of 7 eBL cases. The additional RNAseq data are from eBL tumor samples of 5 eBL cases, BL cell lines established from these tumor samples and also NSG mouse tumors created by implanting the established BL cell lines into NSG mice. The dataset also includes RNAseq data of the NSG mouse tumors after treatment with Rituximab (RIT) and Phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The fifth batch of data includes mRNA-seq from different passages of a single eBL cell line that have variable EBV phenotypes (low passage with lytic EBV and high passage with latent EBV). This batch also includes lytic and latent lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) clones from a single blood donor generated through infection with the strain of EBV isolated from the aforementioned eBL cell line. For initial transcriptome analysis see: Kaymaz et al. "Comprehensive Transcriptome and Mutational Profiling of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma Reveals EBV Type-specific Difference." Molecular Cancer Research, 2017, PMID: 28465297. For initial microRNA analysis see: Oduor et al. "Human and Epstein-Barr Virus miRNA Profiling as Predictive Biomarkers for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma." Frontiers in Microbiology 8, 2017, PMID: 28400759. For initial NK subsets RNA expression analysis see: Forconi et al. "A new hope for CD56negCD16pos NK cells as unconventional cytotoxic mediators: an adaptation to chronic diseases." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2020, PMID: 32373555.For initial eBL cell line and mouse avatar RNA expression analysis see: Saikumar et al. "Endemic Burkitt lymphoma avatar mouse models for exploring inter-patient tumor variation and testing targeted therapies." Life Science Alliance, 2023, PMID: 36878637. For general overview of cohort study see: Buckle et al. "Factors influencing survival among Kenyan children diagnosed with endemic Burkitt lymphoma between 2003 and 2011: A historical cohort study." Int J Cancer. 15:1231, 2016, PMID: 27136063.

  Study phs001282

• Analyzing Somatic Mutagenesis in Systemic Sclerosis

  The study was undertaken with the aim of estimating differences in the mutational burden in lung tissues from healthy vs systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. SSc is an auto-immune disease, with patients often developing cancer. However, the etiology of this phenomenon is poorly understood. As such we sought to uncover potential molecular mechanisms prevalent within SSc tissues that might be potentiating cancer. Samples were randomly collected from individuals from two broad ethnic groups, European (EA) and African American (AA). In total, samples were obtained from 7 individuals belonging to the EA group and 4 individuals from the AA group. For this study, ethnicity was not included as a confounding variable, given that the data set has roughly comparable number of individuals from both ethnicities for the healthy and SSc cohorts. Study participants ranged in age from 37-63 years old. Median age (52 years old) of healthy individuals was comparable to the SSc cohort (~48 years old). Participants were self-described as current/former smokers or non-smokers. Lung tissues were obtained under a protocol approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent statements were provided to the University of Pittsburgh IRB by the study participants/patients. Sample sizes were determined by the ability of bulk lung fibroblast tissues to stably propagate in culture until single cell clones could be obtained. Samples for which sufficient cell density could not be achieved for downstream high-depth sequencing analysis were excluded from the study and are not reported. Five or greater than 5 samples are collected from each cohort including healthy and SSc patients. Subjects were allocated to two basic cohorts based on diagnosis at the time of explant. Participants with no reported lung anomalies were allocated to the "healthy" cohort, whereas individuals with reported lung abnormalities, primarily SSc with pulmonary fibrosis and/or hypertension were allocated to the "SSc" cohort. All tissue samples were cultured, propagated and processed in identical fashion without requiring individual-specific protocols. Additionally, equivalent amounts of DNA were used for preparing sequencing libraries from both cohorts, and all samples were sequenced using Illumina whole genome sequencing (WGS) and analyzed using identical computational pipelines. Our study primarily discovered that there is a significantly higher burden of somatic mutations in SSc samples, compared to healthy samples. We observed an overall increase in a range of mutations in genomes of SSc patients, including single base substitutions, indels, structural variants and copy number alterations. Additionally, we uncovered a novel mutation signature associated with SSc samples, hinting at the activity of POLH in these samples, and highlighting the potential nexus between inflammation, DNA damage, and cancer.

  Study phs003700

• Sickle Cell Disease Natural History Data Resource (SCD NHDR)

  Data Access NOTE Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. BackgroundThe NHLBI initiated the Sickle Cell Disease Natural History Data Resource (SCD NHDR) to leverage existing SCD studies to build a data resource to provide phenotypic data on contemporaneous control cohorts for gene therapy trials and other studies. The potential uses of the NHDR are broad, including providing matched controls for clinical trials, observing a cohort of untreated patients as part of a natural history study, or conducting comparative effectiveness research on a subpopulation with selected co-morbidities or drug treatment profiles. The SCD NHDR includes two multi-center SCD longitudinal cohort studies with extensive annual clinical data and patient surveys, the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium (SCDIC-I and SCDIC-II) and the Globin Research Network for Data and Discovery (GRNDaD). The SCDIC-I, initiated in 2017 and concluded in June 2022, enrolled over 2400 patients with SCD from 8 US treatment centers. The SCDIC-II reconsented 1220 of the SCDIC-I patients as well as enrolling an additional 450 new patients from the same 8 centers between September 2022 and October 2023, for a total of 1670 in SCDIC-II. Only two of the many GRNDaD centers are submitting data to the SCD NHDR for deposit into BDC (approximately 122 patients). Data submissions from the SCD NHDR to BDC will be annually starting in early 2024. Description of the Study Data All data obtained for the SCD NHDR are considered common data elements (CDEs) important for studies of SCD. These CDEs were identified from several workgroups of SCD experts convened under the NHLBI's Cure-SC Initiative (https://curesickle.org/cde-catalog). The following types of data elements were abstracted from the medical record – variables that describe the SCD diagnosis, SCD co-morbidities and other clinical complications, elements from the physical examination, medications and transfusions, insurance type, laboratory measurements, healthcare utilization, history of SCD-related procedures, and measurements from cardiac procedures. The following types of data were self-reported on the patient survey – demographics, diagnosis information, pain experience, social and mental health information, other patient reported outcome domains (e.g., sleep, fatigue), and alcohol and smoking history. Standard PRO measures were used from ASCQ-Me, PROMIS and Neuro-QoL. Patient surveys were completed approximately annually. Under SCDIC-I, two medical record abstractions and labs were reported at enrollment and approximately 3 years later. Under SCDIC-II and GRNDaD, all data are collected annually. Patients may refuse to complete the survey.

  Study phs003529