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• Epiclomal: probabilistic clustering of sparse single-cell DNA methylation data for library px0650_SA532X6

  71 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001004818

• Epiclomal: probabilistic clustering of sparse single-cell DNA methylation data for library px0738_SA609X6

  48 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001004819

• Epiclomal: probabilistic clustering of sparse single-cell DNA methylation data for library px0739_SA609X6

  52 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001004820

• Epiclomal: probabilistic clustering of sparse single-cell DNA methylation data for library px0740_SA609X6

  60 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001004821

• Epiclomal: probabilistic clustering of sparse single-cell DNA methylation data for library px0741_SA609X6

  55 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001004822

• Presentation and relapse myeloma

  Series of 56 paired presentation, relapse and control samples from newly diagnosed, uniformly treated myeloma patients. Deep of treatment response and maintenance allocation (active observation or lenaldiomide) was determined for all. All samples underwent whole exome sequencing with additional baits to cover the myc and immunoglobulin loci. There are 168 (56 presentation, 56 relapse and 56 control) samples in this study. 131 are available as part of this dataset. The remaining 37 are available with dataset accession id EGAD00001001358.

  Dataset EGAD00001004846

• Genetic vulnerability of knockout cancer lines (2019-04-01)

  Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screen was performed in isogenic cell lines. Three biological replicates were used. Cells were harvested at initiation of screen and at specific time points following cell culture. Using this approach we aim to identify genes specifically important in cell survival in engineered cell lines. Please perform 72, instead of 36, PCR reactions as the screen performed at 200x coverage. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-04-01.

  Dataset EGAD00001004881

• Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by genome-wide haplotyping of cell-free plasma DNA

  This dataset contains a total of 10 families and 51 samples presented in 'Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by genome-wide haplotyping of cell-free plasma DNA' study, in which 9 of them are cfDNA samples and the rest of samples are gDNA samples. All the samples are targeted sequencing data with a custom 45Mb capture library . Raw pair-end fastq files for each sample is available.

  Dataset EGAD00001004989

• A96146A

  Whole genome sequencing of single cells identifies stochastic aneuploidies, genome replication, states, and clonal repertoires for library A96146A 1195 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001005338

• A96172B

  Whole genome sequencing of single cells identifies stochastic aneuploidies, genome replication, states, and clonal repertoires for library A96172B 1694 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001005340

• A96226B

  Whole genome sequencing of single cells identifies stochastic aneuploidies, genome replication, states, and clonal repertoires for library A96226B 1274 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001005345

• A96193B

  Whole genome sequencing of single cells identifies stochastic aneuploidies, genome replication, states, and clonal repertoires for library A96193B 2410 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001005347

• A96199A

  Whole genome sequencing of single cells identifies stochastic aneuploidies, genome replication, states, and clonal repertoires for library A96199A 843 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001005348

• A96199B

  Whole genome sequencing of single cells identifies stochastic aneuploidies, genome replication, states, and clonal repertoires for library A96199B 1170 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001005353

• A96211C

  Whole genome sequencing of single cells identifies stochastic aneuploidies, genome replication, states, and clonal repertoires for library A96211C 1397 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001005354

• A96225C

  Whole genome sequencing of single cells identifies stochastic aneuploidies, genome replication, states, and clonal repertoires for library A96225C 1034 samples; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001005355

• Exome Sequencing of Poor Prognosis Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (2019-08-19)

  We plan to sequence the exomes of 4 AML cases (tumour and germline) in an effort to discover new mutations in this disease that could improve our understanding of leukaemogenesis and guide the development of new targeted therapies. The Sanger Institute will sequence the exomes of 4 Acute Myeloid Leukaemia cases including tumour and germline DNA so that somatically-acquired, AML-specific mutations can be accurately designated. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-08-19.

  Dataset EGAD00001005265

• Melanoma post mortem analysis

  Despite multiple large-scale sequencing studies offering substantial insight into the genomic landscape of cutaneous melanoma, the molecular events surrounding disease progression and the resulting molecular heterogeneity between metastases have not been fully elucidated. We have been applying whole genome and transcriptome sequencing across metastases collected during post mortem. Herein we show the findings for the first such patient. This is a targeted pulldown validation in support of the whole-genome sequencing analysis of the metastatic tumours and targeted pulldown of the primary tumour.

  Dataset EGAD00001005073

• NIHR BioResource Rare Diseases WGS project - Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Rare Disease domain

  Short read whole genome sequencing (WGS) CRAM files for the NIHR BioResource Rare Diseases WGS project – Participants from the Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Rare Disease domain

  Dataset EGAD00001005122

• Childhood arthritis DNA (2020-01-15)

  The aim of this study is to describe the transcriptome of single arthritic cells. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-01-15.

  Dataset EGAD00001005785

• Sequencing data for ICGC / OCCAMS samples - Perner et al (WGS, sWGS, WES, mutREAD)

  Data supporting: "The mutREAD method detects mutational signatures from low quantities of cancer DNA." Perner et al. WGS, sWGS, WES, and reduced representation sequencing data tumour and normal samples BAM files

  Dataset EGAD00001006170

• Whole exome sequencing of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patient with RET germline mutation

  Whole exome sequencing of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patient with RET germline mutation and subsequent analysis of potential therapeutic mechanisms associated with the patient's rare germline mutation. Patient sampels were sequenced from an initial biopsy and from a relapse biopsy, in addition to normal blood as the matched normal DNA. RNA sequencing was performed on the relapse sample as initial sample was unable to produce usable RNA for analysis.

  Dataset EGAD00001006125

• Processed RNA-seq data for clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial

  ABACUS is a single arm phase 2 study that investigated 2 cycles of atezolizumab (1200mg Q3) prior to cystectomy in 95 patients with muscle invasive transitional cell cancer (T2-4N0M0). Pathological complete response (pCR) occurring in ≥20% of patients was the primary endpoint. Biomarker analysis on sequential tissue was a co-primary endpoint. This dataset includes the TPM and raw counts tables.

  Dataset EGAD00001006199

• Raw RNA-seq data for clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial

  ABACUS is a single arm phase 2 study that investigated 2 cycles of atezolizumab (1200mg Q3) prior to cystectomy in 95 patients with muscle invasive transitional cell cancer (T2-4N0M0). Pathological complete response (pCR) occurring in ≥20% of patients was the primary endpoint. Biomarker analysis on sequential tissue was a co-primary endpoint. This dataset includes the raw RNA-seq data.

  Dataset EGAD00001006205

• Whole exome sequencing data for Molecular Characterization of ETMRs

  This dataset contains exome sequencing data from 21 samples. Sequencing of samples using whole-exome sequencing was per- formed by creating libraries using the IlluminaTruSeq exome enrich- ment kit following the manufacturer’s instructions after size selection. Size selection was performed by fractionation using a Covaris ultra- sonicator and subsequent selection was performed using a 1.5% gel Pippin Prep cassette (Sage Science). One lane per sample has been sequenced resulting in 42 Fastq files (paired end).

  Dataset EGAD00001006210

• Metagenomic sequences from human stool samples

  ​DNA extraction from human stool samples was performed at the Center for Microbiome Innovation (CMI) at University of California, San Diego. DNA sequencing libraries were prepared using Nextera XT (Illumina). Shotgun DNA sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq4000 platform. Raw fastq reads were quality-checked. Skewer (version 0.2.2) was utilized with the paired-end mode. Human reads were identified and removed by Bowtie2 mapping against the human genome reference (hg19), followed by bam2fastq with --unaligned --no-aligned --force options.

  Dataset EGAD00001006364

• RRBS profiling for a cohort including 88 precancer specimens from 62 resected lung nodules from 39 patients including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 39 matched normal lung tissues.

  To study the evolution of DNA methylation at genome level and methylation intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) during early lung carcinogenesis, we performed multiregional reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) of 127 resected lung samples from 39 patients using single end library Hiseq3000.

  Dataset EGAD00001006367

• Cell types of the human retina and its organoids at single-cell resolution. Cowan et al

  Human organoids recapitulating the cell-type diversity and function of their target organ are valuable for basic and translational research. We developed light-sensitive human retinal organoids with multiple nuclear and synaptic layers, and functional synapses. We sequenced the RNA of 285,441 single cells from these organoids at seven developmental time points and from the periphery, fovea, pigment epithelium and choroid of light-responsive adult human retinas.

  Dataset EGAD00001006350

• Valid reads

  Valid reads obtained after analyzing in situ Hi-C data of 16 normal B cells (3 naive B cells, 3 germinal center B cells, 3 plasma cells, and 3 memory B cells, together with a merge file for each subpopulation), 7 chronic lymphocytic leukemias (2 unmutated IGHV and 5 mutated IGHV), and 5 mantle cell lymphomas (2 conventional and 3 leukemic non-nodal).

  Dataset EGAD00001006486

• Low Coverage Whole Genome Sequencing from high grade osteosarcoma

  This dataset contains the WGS of 35 samples (high grade osteosarcoma). All cases were reviewed by an expert bone pathologist and have a tumour content of 50% minimum. Paired-end libraries from fresh frozen tumour samples were prepared using the Agilent SureSelectXT HumanV5 kit for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). These were sequenced together with a tumour complementary DNA on an Illumina HiSeq2500 (paired-end 100 bp). Sequencing reads were mapped to the GRCh37 human reference genome using HISAT2

  Dataset EGAD00001006540

• McGill EMC Community projects Release 7 for cell line "lung epithelial"

  Complete reference epigenome (as defined by IHEC) of a lung epithelial cell line with non-small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma

  Dataset EGAD00001007679

• The Xq22.3 contiguous gene deletion syndrome (ATS-ID): from genotype to further delineation of the phenotype

  Approximately 200 ng of high-quality of genomic DNA samples were used for library preparation. DNA libraries were prepared using the Human Core Exome Kit according to manufacturer’s recommendations (Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, CA, USA) and then sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina, Inc., san Diego, CA, USA). Detailed protocol of WES data processing and variant analysis are available in Supplementary data.

  Dataset EGAD00001007740

• Paired-WGS Sequencing of Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL)

  Paired WGS samples, 24 tumor/control pairs of primary CNS lymphoma, sequenced on HiSeq X Ten using Illumina TruSeq Nano DNA for library preparation.

  Dataset EGAD00001007810

• Whole exome data from PMID27216186

  This dataset comprises complete exome data from from the study PMID27216186 (Harbst & Lauss et al, Cancer Research 2016). These data are from 49 samples (tumor and matched normal) from 8 patients representing multi-region sequencing of human melanoma. Files are in the BAM format and contain aligned and processed data used for e.g. somatic variant calling. The sequencing libraries were constructed using SureSelect target enrichment with Clinical Research Exome Panel (Agilent) and sequenced on a HiSeq2500 (Illumina).

  Dataset EGAD00001008149

• Multi-region sequencing of 10 neuroblastoma cases

  To investigate intratumour heterogeneity and to better understand tumour evolution in neuroblastoma, we have performed a multi-region whole-exome sequencing on a total of 51 spatially separated tumor samples from 9 primary neuroblastomas (2 low-risk, 1 intermediate-risk and 6 high-risk) and 1 relapsed neuroblastoma. We also assessed the impact of chemotherapy on the clonal expansion by sequencing tumour regions from one medium risk and one high-risk tumour for which we had matched samples obtained at diagnosis and after chemotherapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001008020

• LSC RNA-Sequencing

  To infer the proteomic Mito signature in the LSC subcompartiment, myeloid blasts for 10 patients from the discovery cohort were FACS-sorted into CD34-GPR56+NKG2DLigands- (CD34-), alias 61dc5fb798e2520001702c03 CD34+GPR56+NKG2DLigands- (CD34+), alias 61dc5fb798e2520001702c03 Detailed gating strategy will be described in Donato, Correia, Andresen and Trumpp et al., (manuscript in preparation)

  Dataset EGAD00001008488

• Drug-induced epigenomic plasticity reprograms circadian rhythm regulation to drive prostate cancer towards androgen-independence

  ChIP-seq for AR, FOXA1 and H3K27ac in primary prostate tumors before and after 3 months of neoadjuvant enzalutamide treatment. RNA-seq expression data of primary prostate tumors before and after 3 months of neoadjuvant enzalutamide treatment.

  Dataset EGAD00001008562

• Fastq and reference alignment of 19 samples for defining structural variation associated with breast cancer susceptibility by long-read genome sequencing

  Long-read genome sequencing performed on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies' PromethION to resolve variants underlying breast cancer susceptibility in sixteen individuals with pathogenic germline SVs in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 or PALB2.

  Dataset EGAD00001008690

• Stromal and dendritic cells from lymph nodes: single-cell RNA-seq

  Although cross-species transcriptional analysis has been generated for DCs, transcriptomic conservation between mouse and human FRCs at single-cell resolution has been unclear. To test whether GREM1+ FRCs might also play a role in DC homeostasis in humans, we performed scRNA-seq of CD45–PDPN+ stromal cells, as well as CD45+CD11c+ immune cells from healthy human LNs of three human donors. Data was generated using the 10x platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001008731

• Whole genome sequencing of multifocal ileal neuroendocrine tumors

  This dataset includes whole genome sequences of 75 synchronous primary tumors, 15 metastases, and corresponding normal samples from 13 patients with multifocal ileal neuroendocrine tumors. The whole genomes were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq X Ten to generate 151-bp paired-end reads, which were aligned to GRCh38/hg38 reference assembly using BWA–MEM and duplicate-marked with Picard tools. GATK was utilized for base score recalibration and local indel re-alignments. The whole genomes are provided as CRAM files.

  Dataset EGAD00001008831

• Dataset for linked files from Master-RNA

  RNA sequencing data of thymic epithelias tumors (TETs), 23 runs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001009096

• CIDR: NCI Genome Wide Predictors of Survival in Colorectal Cancer

  CIDR/Molecular Correlates: This study genotyped archived blood samples from colorectal cancer cases participating in clinical trials. The goals of this project were to identify genetic variants associated with survival outcomes treatment and treatment-related severe adverse events among patients with colorectal cancer. Another goal was to examine the impact of adding information on germline genetic loci to existing prognostic models. MOSAIC: Multicenter International Study of Oxaliplatin/ 5FU-LV in the Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer (MOSAIC). A randomized, open label efficacy trial to evaluate the FOLFOX regimen versus LV5FU2 in the adjuvant treatment of stage II and III colon cancer. The primary end point was disease-free survival. CPT.ES1.604: Randomized phase 3 study of weekly irinotecan plus high-dose 5-fluorouracil (FUIRI) versus biweekly irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFIRI) as first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic CRC. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a regimen without leucovorin (LV) (FUIRI) is not inferior to the standard FOLFIRI (response rate). 03-TTD-01: The purpose of this phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination therapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) vs. oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in continous infusion (5-FU CI) as first line treatment in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. The primary outcome measure is time to disease progression. Secondary outcome measures are to determine safety of combination, objective response rate, time to onset of response, duration of response, time to treatment failure, one year survival time, and overall survival time. 03-TTD-01: The purpose of this phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination therapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) vs. oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in continous infusion (5-FU CI) as first line treatment in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. The primary outcome measure is time to disease progression. Secondary outcome measures are to determine safety of combination, objective response rate, time to onset of response, duration of response, time to treatment failure, one year survival time, and overall survival time. N0147: Randomized phase III clinical trial for adjuvant therapy in stage III colon cancer patients enrolled at institutions across North America. Originally designed to compare three different chemotherapy regimens, and then later expanded to evaluate adding cetuximab to each original arm (leading to six total arms). Further modification later added pre-screening for KRAS mutation status, with the resulting goal to assess the potential benefit of cetuximab added to the modified sixth version of the FOLFOX regimen (mFOLFOX6) in patients with resected stage III wild-type KRAS colon cancer. Main outcome of interest is disease-free survival in patients with wild-type KRAS, while secondary end points included overall survival and toxicity. N9741: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of various combination chemotherapy regimens in treating patients who have advanced, recurrent, or metastatic colorectal cancer that cannot be treated with surgery or radiation therapy. C-08: A Phase III Clinical Trial Comparing Infusional 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) Every Two Weeks With Bevacizumab to the Same Regimen Without Bevacizumab For the Treatment of Patients With Resected Stages II and III Carcinoma of the Colon. The primary aim of the trial was to compare the relative efficacy of mFOLFOX6 + bevacizumab with that of mFOLFOX6 alone in prolonging disease-free survival and the secondary aim was to compare the relative efficacy of mFOLFOX6 + bevacizumab with that of mFOLFOX6 alone in prolonging survival.

  Study phs001290

• Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Hypertonic Saline (HS) Trial Shock Study and Traumatic Brain Injury Study (TBI) (ROC-HS/TBI-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE Please refer to the "Authorized Access" section below for information about how access to the data from this accession. Access differs from many other dbGaP accessions.ObjectivesShock: To determine if prehospital administration of 7.5% hypertonic saline with 6% Dextran-70 (HSD) or 7.5% hypertonic saline alone (HS), compared to current standard therapy with normal saline (NS), as an initial resuscitation fluid, affects survival following traumatic injury with hypovolemic shock.TBI: To determine whether out-of-hospital administration of hypertonic fluids improves neurologic outcome following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Background Trauma is the leading cause of death among North Americans between the ages of 1 and 44 years. The majority of these deaths result from hypovolemic shock or severe brain injury. Participants in hypovolemic shock develop a state of systemic tissue ischemia then a subsequent reperfusion injury at the time of fluid resuscitation. Conventional resuscitation involves the IV administration of a large volume of isotonic or slightly hypotonic (lactated ringers, LR) solutions beginning in the prehospital setting. Although not conclusive, prior studies have suggested that alternative resuscitation with hypertonic saline (7.5%) solutions may reduce morbidity or mortality in these participants. Furthermore, hypertonic fluids may have specific advantages in the brain-injured participant, as they may aid in the rapid restoration of cerebral perfusion and prevent extravascular fluid sequestration, thereby limiting secondary brain injury. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that hypertonicity significantly alters the activation of inflammatory cells, an effect that may reduce subsequent organ injury from ischemia-reperfusion and decrease nosocomial infection. The majority of previous clinical trials have focused on the use of HSD. The potential for 7.5% saline alone (HS) to have similar effects has not been well studied. Removal of the dextran component may enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of this solution, which could improve secondary outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) and rates of nosocomial infections. Participants Shock: There were 893 participants that were randomized (853 enrolled).TBI: There were 1282 participants enrolled and 6-month outcomes data were available for 1087 (85%).Design Shock: Multicenter, randomized, blinded clinical trials involving 114 emergency medical services agencies in North America within the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium were conducted from May 2006 to August 2008. Initial resuscitation fluid, 250 mL of either 7.5% saline per 6% dextran 70 (hypertonic saline/dextran, HSD), 7.5% saline (hypertonic saline, HS), or 0.9% saline (normal saline, NS) administered by out-of-hospital providers. Primary outcome was 28-day survival. On the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board, the study was stopped early (23% of proposed sample size) for futility and potential safety concern.TBI: Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 114 North American emergency medical services agencies within the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium were conducted between May 2006 and May 2009. A single 250-mL bolus of 7.5% saline/6% dextran 70 (HSD), 7.5% saline (HS), or 0.9% saline (NS) initiated in the out-of-hospital setting. The main outcome measure was a six-month neurologic outcome based on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) (dichotomized as >4 or ≤4). The study was terminated by the data and safety monitoring board after randomization of 1331 participants, having met prespecified futility criteria.Conclusions Shock: Among injured participants with hypovolemic shock, initial resuscitation fluid treatment with either HS or HSD, compared with NS, did not result in superior 28-day survival. However, interpretation of these findings is limited by the early stopping of the trial (PMID: 21178763).TBI: Among participants with severe TBI not in hypovolemic shock, initial resuscitation with either HS or HSD, compared with normal saline, did not result in superior 6-month neurologic outcome or survival (PMID: 20924011).

  Study phs003777

• Pancreatitis after Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (SJIRB XPD04-123 and XPD05-078)

  A complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment is acute pancreatitis, which is one of the common causes of asparaginase intolerance. To determine clinical and genetic risk factors for pancreatitis, we studied a cohort of children and young adults with ALL enrolled on COG trials (9904/9905/9906, AALL0232) and on St. Jude trial Total XV. We performed a genome-wide association study using germline DNA collected from blood in patients at remission in this cohort of 5185 patients and in an independent case-control group of 213 patients on AALL0331. The frequency of pancreatitis in the cohort was 2.3% (117 of 5185). No common variants reached genome-wide significance, but a rare nonsense variant rs199695765 in CPA2, encoding carboxypeptidase A2, was highly associated with pancreatitis (odds ratio = 587, 95% confidence interval 66.8-5166, P = 9.0 x 10-9). A gene-level analysis showed an excess of additional CPA2 variants in patients who did versus those who did not develop pancreatitis (P = 0.018). Sixteen CPA2 SNPs were associated (P < 0.05) with pancreatitis, and 13 of 24 patients who carried at least one of these variants developed pancreatitis. Biological functions that were overrepresented by common variants modestly associated with pancreatitis included purine metabolism and cytoskeleton regulation.

  Study phs001350

• Shedding light over COVID-19 susceptibility and severity

  “One of the most remarkable features of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the variation in consequence ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening” state the authors of the majestic Nature paper released in accelerated pre-view on July 2021. This variation in consequences represent not only an issue of burning medical relevance, but also a scientific and intellectual challenge for scientists around the globe. Researchers are known to be easily triggered by a challenge, and they recently demonstrated to be even better at double their efforts to focus on an urgent societal need. In this work led and coordinated by the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (COVID-19 HGI), researchers gathered data from 49,562 cases and two million controls from 46 studies performed worldwide. The majority of the data has been deposited at the EGA, where 29 datasets have been collected under the study number EGAS00001005304. Data gathered from diverse sources conferred a huge robustness to the results. Genetic data from different ancestry origin were included in the analyses, even though data from patients with European origin was highly predominant (approx. 75%). Separated analysis of the different ancestries gave rise to relevant differences in the results, highlighting how important it is to take this aspect in consideration for future studies. Data from the individual studies was compiled into three categories according to COVID-19 severity for a meta-analysis: (a) critically ill cases (b) moderate or severe cases (c) all cases. They were paired with non-COVID-19-reported controls. All three analysis resulted in a total of 13 genetic loci associated with COVID-19 severity. Out of those, 9 loci associated specifically with critical illness, while 6 (a few overlapped) associated with moderated illness. Some genomic position matched previous findings. Interestingly, working with such an enormous amount of data allowed the depth to discriminate association with disease susceptibility vs severity, an issue of large medical relevance. Several loci mapped into biological relevant genes, like TYK2, PPP1R15A and FOXP4, previously implicated in immune response and/or lung functions. Researchers participating in the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative have worked in an unprecedented time-tight collaboration, prioritizing data sharing and collective results to tackle the pandemic affecting the world. The scientific community won’t miss any of the lessons to learn from this, and the EGA is ready to keep working to enable safe data sharing and fruitful collaborations.

  Blog covid-19-susceptibility-and-severity

• WXS and RNA-seq for 22 patients treated with radiation + immunotherapy

  Over 500 active clinical trials are investigating combination radiation (RT) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) as a cancer treatment; however, the majority of trials have found no positive interaction. We performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of a randomized phase I clinical trial of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent or sequential ablative RT and ICB. Concurrent treatment was superior to sequential treatment in augmenting local and distant tumor responses and improving overall survival in a subset of patients with highly aneuploid tumors, but not in those with less aneuploid tumors. Our analysis suggested that concurrent treatment eliminated immunologically cold aneuploid tumors better than sequential treatment and improved patient outcomes. In addition, we report that RT alone decreased intratumoral cytotoxic effector T cell and adaptive immune gene expression signatures, in contrast to upregulation of key immune pathways after concurrent administration of RT and ICB. Our findings distinguish the differential genomic and transcriptomic effects of RT versus RT and ICB and challenge the prevailing paradigm that local ablative RT beneficially stimulates the immune response. We propose the use of tumor aneuploidy as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in personalizing treatment approaches for patients with NSCLC treated with RT and ICB.

  Study EGAS00001006212

• Integrated genomic analysis for HCC

  Liver cancer is a common malignancy and is the third cause of cancer-related death in the world and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major type of liver cancer, accounting for ~90% of cases. Only 20 ~ 30% of patients can benefit from combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy due to the high inter-tumor heterogeneity of HCC. This work aims to identify homogeneous and robust molecular subtypes in HCC based on a large, homogenous and well-annotated cohort. We performed whole genome/exome sequencing (WGS/WES) and/or RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on 529 HCC from 461 patients collected mainly in France. Based on the great consistence between genomic and transcriptomic data, we identified 9 robust HCC subtypes mainly based on driver mutations. And we further characterized HCC subtypes using genomic, transcriptomic and clinicopathological features. Among 9 subtypes, 5 subtypes belonged to chromosome instable tumors, while 3 subtypes belonged to chromosome stable tumors. In addition, our subtypes were associated with prognosis and we also found different distributions of subtypes across various features, such as etiology and gender. Our study provided a robust molecular classification based on a large HCC dataset from Western country, it improves our understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and will facilitate development of genome-based precision medicine in HCC.

  Study EGAS00001007957

• RNA-seq analysis of transcriptome variation with human ESC subclones

  Many studies over the past 10 years, culminating in the recent report of the International Stem Cell Initiative (ISCI, 2011) have shown that hPSC acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during their time in culture. Many of the genetic changes are non-random and recurrent, probably because they provide a selective growth advantage to the undifferentiated cells. Some are shared by embryonal carcinoma cells, the malignant counterparts of ES cells. The origins of these growth advantages are poorly understood, but may come from altered cell cycle dynamics, resistance to apoptosis or altered patterns of differentiation. Less is known about the nature and consequences of epigenetic changes, but it is likely that these similarly affect hPSC behaviour; e.g., enhanced expression of DLK1, an imprinted gene, is associated with altered hPSC growth (Enver et al 2005). Inevitably, these genetic and epigenetic changes will impact on our ability to use hPSC for regenerative medicine, either because malignant transformation of the undifferentiated cells or their differentiated derivatives to be used for transplantation compromises safety, or because they impede the function of those differentiated derivatives, or because they affect the efficiency with which the undifferentiated cells can be expanded and differentiated into desired cell types. Focusing initially upon the existing clinical grade hESC lines, later moving to iPSC, we will Consolidate and extend knowledge of the rate, type and functional impact of the genetic variations that occur during hPSC culture. We will use whole genome and exome sequencing as well as SNP arrays, together with clonal analysis and other cytogenetics techniques. Common changes will be compared with those found in the normal human population, at low frequency in the original cell population or observed during iPSC generation in the HIPSCI project currently based at the WTSI. These studies will provide a better understanding of the range of genetic changes that occur in hPSC beyond the CNVs already identified. In conjunction with cancer genome resources and expertise at WTSI, bioinformatic analyses of these hPSC data will allow us to assess potential impact on hPSC behaviour pertinent to applications in regenerative medicine, notably the likelihood that specific changes arising in undifferentiated PSC cultures may be associated with potential malignant transformation of differentiated progeny This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/ .

  Dataset EGAD00001004266

• PSCP_mutation analysis in hESCs

  Many studies over the past 10 years, culminating in the recent report of the International Stem Cell Initiative (ISCI, 2011) have shown that hPSC acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during their time in culture. Many of the genetic changes are non-random and recurrent, probably because they provide a selective growth advantage to the undifferentiated cells. Some are shared by embryonal carcinoma cells, the malignant counterparts of ES cells. The origins of these growth advantages are poorly understood, but may come from altered cell cycle dynamics, resistance to apoptosis or altered patterns of differentiation. Less is known about the nature and consequences of epigenetic changes, but it is likely that these similarly affect hPSC behaviour; e.g., enhanced expression of DLK1, an imprinted gene, is associated with altered hPSC growth (Enver et al 2005). Inevitably, these genetic and epigenetic changes will impact on our ability to use hPSC for regenerative medicine, either because malignant transformation of the undifferentiated cells or their differentiated derivatives to be used for transplantation compromises safety, or because they impede the function of those differentiated derivatives, or because they affect the efficiency with which the undifferentiated cells can be expanded and differentiated into desired cell types. Focusing initially upon the existing clinical grade hESC lines, later moving to iPSC, we will Consolidate and extend knowledge of the rate, type and functional impact of the genetic variations that occur during hPSC culture. We will use whole genome and exome sequencing as well as SNP arrays, together with clonal analysis and other cytogenetics techniques. Common changes will be compared with those found in the normal human population, at low frequency in the original cell population or observed during iPSC generation in the HIPSCI project currently based at the WTSI. These studies will provide a better understanding of the range of genetic changes that occur in hPSC beyond the CNVs already identified. In conjunction with cancer genome resources and expertise at WTSI, bioinformatic analyses of these hPSC data will allow us to assess potential impact on hPSC behaviour pertinent to applications in regenerative medicine, notably the likelihood that specific changes arising in undifferentiated PSC cultures may be associated with potential malignant transformation of differentiated progeny. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shred by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001002231

• PSCP_bisulphite analysis in hESCs

  Many studies over the past 10 years, culminating in the recent report of the International Stem Cell Initiative (ISCI, 2011) have shown that hPSC acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during their time in culture. Many of the genetic changes are non-random and recurrent, probably because they provide a selective growth advantage to the undifferentiated cells. Some are shared by embryonal carcinoma cells, the malignant counterparts of ES cells. The origins of these growth advantages are poorly understood, but may come from altered cell cycle dynamics, resistance to apoptosis or altered patterns of differentiation. Less is known about the nature and consequences of epigenetic changes, but it is likely that these similarly affect hPSC behaviour; e.g., enhanced expression of DLK1, an imprinted gene, is associated with altered hPSC growth (Enver et al 2005). Inevitably, these genetic and epigenetic changes will impact on our ability to use hPSC for regenerative medicine, either because malignant transformation of the undifferentiated cells or their differentiated derivatives to be used for transplantation compromises safety, or because they impede the function of those differentiated derivatives, or because they affect the efficiency with which the undifferentiated cells can be expanded and differentiated into desired cell types. Focusing initially upon the existing clinical grade hESC lines, later moving to iPSC, we will Consolidate and extend knowledge of the rate, type and functional impact of the genetic variations that occur during hPSC culture. We will use whole genome and exome sequencing as well as SNP arrays, together with clonal analysis and other cytogenetics techniques. Common changes will be compared with those found in the normal human population, at low frequency in the original cell population or observed during iPSC generation in the HIPSCI project currently based at the WTSI. These studies will provide a better understanding of the range of genetic changes that occur in hPSC beyond the CNVs already identified. In conjunction with cancer genome resources and expertise at WTSI, bioinformatic analyses of these hPSC data will allow us to assess potential impact on hPSC behaviour pertinent to applications in regenerative medicine, notably the likelihood that specific changes arising in undifferentiated PSC cultures may be associated with potential malignant transformation of differentiated progeny. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001002235