14977 results for "cancer studies using rna-seq"

in 39.46 milliseconds.

• Korea4K: whole genome sequences of 4,157 Koreans with 107 phenotypes derived from extensive health check-ups

  Here, we present 4,157 whole-genome sequences (Korea4K) coupled with 107 health check-up parameters as the largest genomic resource of the Korean Genome Project. Collectively, Korea4K provides not only the largest Korean genome data but also corresponding health check-up parameters and novel genome-phenome associations. The large-scale pathological whole-genome-wide omics data will become a powerful set for genome-phenome level association studies to discover causal markers for the prediction and diagnosis of health conditions in future studies.

  Study EGAS00001007580

• Field_effect_of_healthy_and_diseased_livers

  Recent work in the Campbell group has revealed somatic mutations present in normal, non-cancerous human skin. A subset of the mutations conferred selective advantages to the host cells, leading to clonal expansions and raising the risk for future cancer development. Capturing such somatic mutations in normal tissue is important to advance our understanding about carcinogenesis and could provide prospective medical insights. In this project, our goal is to detect somatic mutations in normal (pre-cancerous) liver tissue. Using Laser Microdissection technology, we will dissect individual liver lobules from patient samples and submit these to sequencing. For each patient sample, we aim to sequence multiple lobules to characterise the mutagenic burden. Samples will be taken from patients with different liver disease aetiologies, including alcoholism and obesity, with a view on distinguishing the prevalent mutation types occurring in each disease context. We will perform targeted sequencing, initially using the WTSI cancer panel. Later we aim to use a novel bait set that captures both cancer genes as well as genes relevant to the non-cancerous samples (ie. genes implicated in hereditary disorders, immune sequences).

  Study EGAS00001002382

• Integrative analysis of non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts identifies unique proteotypes associated with patient outcomes

  Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Only a fraction of NSCLC harbour actionable driver mutations and there is an urgent need for patient-derived model systems that will enable the development of new targeted therapies. NSCLC and other cancers display profound proteome remodelling compared to normal tissue that is not predicted by DNA or RNA analyses. We generated NSCLC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) that recapitulate the histology and molecular features of primary NSCLC. Here, we completed whole exome sequencing on 122 NSCLC PDXs.

  Study EGAS00001006068

• Single-cell atlas of the human healthy airways

  Single cell atlas of human airways from 10 healthy volunteers by 10X Genomics 3’ RNA-seq profiling. 77,969 cells were collected by bronchoscopy at 35 distinct locations, from the nose to the 12th division of the airway tree, either by forceps (46,791 cells), or brush biopsies (31,178 cells).

  Dataset EGAD00001005714

• RNA-seq dataset of A cycling, progenitor-like cell population at the root of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor subtype differentiation trajectories

  Study describing the differentiation trajectory of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) at single-cell level. This study describes how the differentiation trajectory differs per subtype of ATRTs, and how those findings could contribute to develop so-called "maturation therapy" tailored towards ATRTs.

  Dataset EGAD00001015544

• (sn)RNA-seq dataset of Multi-modal analysis of pediatric pilocytic astrocytomas reveals tumor location-associated cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity

  Aim: to comprehensively characterize the cellular and transcriptional landscape of pediatric pilocytic astrocytomas across anatomical tumor locations

  Dataset EGAD00001015705

• A molecular cell atlas of the human lung from single cell RNA sequencing

  Although single cell RNA sequencing studies have begun providing compendia of cell expression profiles, it has proven more difficult to systematically identify and localize all molecular cell types in individual organs to create a full molecular cell atlas. Here we describe droplet- and plate-based single cell RNA sequencing applied to ~75,000 human lung and blood cells, combined with a multi-pronged cell annotation approach, which have allowed us to define the gene expression profiles and anatomical locations of 58 cell populations in the human lung, including 41 of 45 previously known cell types or subtypes and 14 new ones. This comprehensive molecular atlas elucidates the biochemical functions of lung cell types and the cell-selective transcription factors and optimal markers for making and monitoring them; defines the cell targets of circulating hormones and predicts local signaling interactions including sources and targets of chemokines in immune cell trafficking and expression changes on lung homing; and identifies the cell types directly affected by lung disease genes and respiratory viruses. Comparison to mouse identified 17 molecular types that appear to have been gained or lost during lung evolution and others whose expression profiles have been substantially altered, revealing extensive plasticity of cell types and cell-type-specific gene expression during organ evolution including expression switches between cell types. This atlas provides the molecular foundation for investigating how lung cell identities, functions, and interactions are achieved in development and tissue engineering and altered in disease and evolution.

  Study EGAS00001004344

• Trisomy 21 Dosage Compensation Map (T21DoCoMap)

  Excess gene dosage from human chromosome 21 (HSA21), due to trisomy or translocation of HSA21 material, causes Down syndrome (DS). We derived trisomy 21 (T21) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) alongside otherwise isogenic euploid controls from mosaic DS fibroblasts (GM00260, first described in Lubiniecki et al., PMID: 225951) of the NIGMS genetic cell repository, to enable analysis of whole-chromosomal and individual gene dosage imbalance in the context of in vitro models of DS development. Virtual karyotyping (by Infinium CytoSNP-850k), and phased genotyping (by linked-read whole-genome sequencing) of the resulting iPSC lines provide a deeply-characterized genomic platform for dissection of HSA21 gene dosage. We apply this highly unique resource to allelic analysis of mRNA sequencing of iPSCs and differentiated neural lineages, and demonstrate its utility in the context of inducible HSA21 dosage compensation. To this end, we equipped one distinct HSA21 copy with a doxycycline-inducible XIST transgene, which endogenously silences one X in 46,XX females. Standard and allele-specific RNA-seq analysis confirms mono-allelic T21 silencing to be virtually complete and irreversible, further supported by DNA methylation data (Infinium methylEPIC). This full-length HSA21 map of phased single-nucleotide and insertion/deletion variants enables allele-specific applications for gene-level dissection T21 dosage effects. Because our XIST remains inducible in post-mitotic T21 neurons and astrocytes, we perform single-nuclei RNA-seq to demonstrate XIST efficiently represses genes even after terminal differentiation.

  Study phs002397

• UCSF Pediatric Bithalamic Glioma Genome Project

  Targeted next-generation sequencing of 13 pediatric bithalamic diffuse gliomas. BAM files of targeted next-generation DNA sequencing data of 13 pediatric gliomas, with multi-region sequencing data from 2 of these cases (17 total tumor samples). Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of tumor tissue from using the QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen). Capture-based next-generation DNA sequencing was performed at the University of California, San Francisco Clinical Cancer Genomics Laboratory, using an assay that targets all coding exons of 480 cancer-related genes, select introns of 47 genes, and TERT promoter with a total sequencing footprint of 2.8 Mb (UCSF500 Cancer Panel). Sequencing libraries were prepared from genomic DNA, and target enrichment was performed by hybrid capture using a custom oligonucleotide library (Nimblegen SeqCap EZ Choice). Captured libraries were sequenced as paired-end 100 bp reads on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument. Duplicate sequencing reads were removed computationally to allow for accurate allele frequency determination and copy number calling.

  Dataset EGAD00001005499

• Single cell RNA-seq of two rare cases of human glioblastoma at multiple sampling points

  Glioblastoma is characterized by large cellular diversity whose complexity and organizing principles are only starting to be uncovered. Both neurodevelopment-like and mesenchymal-like cell states have been described in glioblastoma but the nature of the mesenchymal-like cell states remains unresolved. Here, we performed deep single-cell RNA sequencing of two rare glioblastoma cases where tissue could be sampled from tumor core to macroscopically normal cortex with the aim of understanding these tumor cell states.

  Study EGAS50000001030

• RNA-seq profiling of NKX6.1 reporter iPSC lines for isolation and analysis of functionally relevant neuronal and pancreas populations

  We generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with a GFP reporter inserted in the endogenous NKX6.1 locus. Characterisation of the reporter lines demonstrated faithful GFP labelling of NKX6.1 expression during pancreas and motor neuron differentiation. We performed three independent in vitro differentiations towards the pancreatic endocrine lineage. We FACS-purified GFP positive and negative cells from stage 7 cultures, and generated Smart-Seq2 RNA-sequencing libraries for the pre-sorted cells, as well as the two GFP-sorted cell populations. Gene expression profiling by RNA-sequencing reveals that the NKX6.1-positive population closely resembles mature human beta cells and the functional evaluation of purified populations shows that the glucose-responsive beta-like cells are enriched within the NKX6.1-positive population. These reporter lines provide a valuable resource to the scientific community for the derivation of functional relevant pancreas and neuronal cell subtypes.

  Dataset EGAD00001003911

• IMCISION RNAseq

  RNA sequencing of 32 primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples prior to treatment with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (n=6) or anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 (n=26) immunotherapy, and 30 paired on-treatment HNSCC samples (i.e. after neoadjuvant immunotherapy). RNA quantity used: 10ng. Library Preparation Kit: SMART Stranded Total RNA Seq Kit (Takara). Sequencing parameters: NovaSeq 6000, 2x 100 bp. File type: fastQ

  Dataset EGAD00001008127

• RNA sequencing of end-stage kidney disease patients with COVID-19

  This dataset contains paired RNA sequencing data for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on dialysis. There are two cohorts. The first includes 179 samples from 51 COVID-19 patients recruited during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020) and 55 non-infected ESKD patients as controls. 17 patients initially recruited as controls as part of the Wave 1 cohort were later infected with COVID-19 in January-March 2021. We acquired a total of 90 samples during the acute infection and convalescent samples for 12 of the 17 patients following the acute COVID-19 episode. RNA-seq counts and full clinical metadata for these cohorts are available without restriction from Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6497251).

  Dataset EGAD00001009752

• Sensitive circulating tumor DNA based residual disease detection in epithelial ovarian cancer

  We analyzed 264 plasma samples collected between June 2016 and September 2021 from 63 epithelial ovarian cancer patients using tumor-guided plasma cell-free DNA analysis to detect residual disease after treatment.

  Dataset EGAD50000000360

• Dataset for WGS head and neck cancer samples

  This dataset contain WGS sequencing data of head and neck cancer samples as well as blood plasma controls. Sequencing was performed on Illumina Novaseq 6000 using KAPA HyperPrep Kit. The sequencing was always paired.

  Dataset EGAD50000000233

• SCNA-Seq of plasma DNA samples

  Low coverage whole genome sequencing for the identification of somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) and focal amplification mapping in plasma DNA of prostate cancer patients

  Dataset EGAD00001002149

• Test_of_PCR_library_method_on_whole_genmoe_samples

  We will sequence 2 whole genome pairs which have had the libraries prepared with a PCR step. The resulting sequence will be compared to teh same samples which have had sequence obtain using a no_PCR library method. the sequence obtained in this experiment may or may not be used in conjunction with the other sequence obtain for these samples in the search for novel cancer mutations.

  Study EGAS00001000214

• Expression-Based Subtypes Define Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

  Checkpoint immunotherapy (CPI) has increased survival for some patients with advanced stage bladder cancer (BCa). However, most patients do not respond. Here, we characterized the tumor and immune microenvironment in pre- and post-treatment tumors from the PURE01 neoadjuvant pembrolizumab immunotherapy trial, using a consolidative approach that combined transcriptional and genetic profiling with digital spatial profiling.

  Study EGAS00001005549

• Phase I Study of the Oral PI3kinase Inhibitor BKM120 or BYL719 and the Oral PARP Inhibitor Olaparib in Patients with Recurrent Triple Negative Breast Cancer or High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer

  We analyzed massive parallel sequence data from patients with breast and ovarian cancer and identified single base substitution mutational signature 3 (Sig3) - extracted using SigMA - as a biomarker of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and predictive for response to PARP inhibitors. Participants were patients enrolled in clinical trials as 2 independent datasets: (1) high-grade serous ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from a Phase 1b trial of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib (BKM120) (NCT01623349), and (2) TNBC patients who received neoadjuvant olaparib in the Phase II PETREMAC trial (NCT02624973).

  Study phs003019

• Exomes of High-risk Prostate cancer

  DNA extracted from tumoral tissue of 39 patients was used for exome sequencing. As a comparison, DNA extracted from blood was used as a non-tumoral control. DNA was captured using the EZ SeqCap v3 exome kit from Roche and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq instrument.

  Study EGAS00001001015

• Circulating tumor DNA, pathological and immunologic responses to neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus relatlimab and chemoradiotherapy in resectable esophageal/gastroesophageal junction cancer

  The dataset for the study “Circulating tumor DNA, pathological and immunologic responses to neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus relatlimab and chemoradiotherapy in resectable esophageal/gastroesophageal junction cancer” includes 173 bam files from hybrid capture targeted error-correction next-generation sequencing (TEC-Seq) from plasma cell-free DNA and matched white blood cell DNA from 32 individuals with esophageal/gastroesophageal junction cancer, who received immunotherapy-containing regimens.

  Dataset EGAD00001011822

• NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium Ulcerative Colitis Genome-Wide Association Study

  This dataset contains data for 1,028 white, non-Hispanic, European ancestry individuals with ulcerative colitis who were included in a genome-wide association study published by Silverberg et al. (2009). These individuals were ascertained in North America and selected to have either left-sided or extensive disease (i.e., individuals with proctitis only were excluded). Genotyping was performed using the Illumina HumanHap300v2 (n = 540) and HumanHap550v3 (n = 488) Genotyping BeadChips at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research. Control data (not included) were obtained from the NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium's Crohn's Disease GWAS (available from dbGaP) and from studies 64 and 65 deposited in the Illumina iControlDB. Seven hundred eighty individuals in this dataset were taken from the NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium cell line repository (http://www.niddkrepository.org). These individuals are identified in the file dbGaP_SubjectDS.txt. The subject IDs for these individuals may be used to request corresponding samples for follow-up research through the repository. In addition, complete phenotype data for these individuals are included, collected using the Consortium's forms and phenotyping manual (both included). The remaining 248 individuals were identified from pre-existing collections ascertained by members of the Consortium or their collaborators. For these samples, several of the items in the phenotype file are incomplete. Those who wish to replicate the results in Silverberg et al. should note that 6 individuals with missing genotype rates > 0.07 were excluded from that analysis (leaving 1,022 affected samples total). In addition, the minor allele frequencies (MAFs) reported in the publication were calculated using only those individuals who were included in the allelic association tests (n = 977 for SNPs included in the HumanHap300 and n = 476 for SNPs included only in the HumanHap550). These tests were performed using conditional logistic regression on gender-ancestry strata; individuals who were not placed in a stratum (using the procedure described in the supplementary information for Silverberg et al.) were excluded. The indicator variables hh300 and hh550 in the file dbGaP_PhenotypeDS.txt identify the samples included in the allelic association tests, and may be used to replicate the published MAFs among affected individuals.

  Study phs000345

• Comprehensive molecular profiling identifies novel genetic drivers and subtypes underlying medulloblastoma

  Current therapies for medulloblastoma (MB), a highly malignant childhood brain tumor, impose debilitating effects on the developing child, warranting the development of molecularly targeted treatments with reduced toxicities. Prior studies have failed to disclose the full spectrum of driver genes and molecular processes operative in MB or adequately explain heterogeneity among molecular subgroups. Herein, we detail the somatic landscape across 491 sequenced MBs and molecular heterogeneity amongst 1,256 epigenetically analyzed cases, identifying subgroup-specific mutational signatures, driver genes, and pathway alterations including previously unappreciated actionable therapeutic targets. Integrative approaches for assigning driver genes to subgroups explained >65-70% of Group 3 and Group 4, doubling previous knowledge. Novel subtypes underlying Group 3 and Group 4 were differentially enriched for specific driver events, including hotspot in-frame indels targeting KBTBD4 and ‘enhancer hijacking’ driving activation of PRDM6. Thus, application of integrative genomics to an unprecedented cohort of clinical samples derived from a single childhood cancer entity has disclosed a series of new cancer genes and biologically relevant subtype diversity that represent attractive therapeutic targets for treating MB.

  Study EGAS00001001953

• Gut microbiome modulates response to anti PD1 immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma patients

  There is a growing appreciation of the role of the microbiome in cancer, and evidence in pre-clinical models that the gut microbiome may modulate responses to immune checkpoint blockade though this has not been well-characterized in patients. We analyzed the oral (n=86)and gut (n=43) 16S microbiome in melanoma patients on PD-1 blockade. Significant differences were noted in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome between responders and non-responders in patients with a fecal microbiome sample, with significantly higher alpha diversity and relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae bacteria) in R. Metagenomic studies (n=25) revealed functional differences in gut bacteria in R including enrichment of anabolic pathways. Immune profiling demonstrated enhanced systemic and anti-tumor immunity in patients with a favorable gut microbiome as well as in germ-free mice receiving fecal transplant from responding patients. Together, these data have important implications for treatment with immune checkpoint blockade in cancer. The fastq files associated with this dataset are stored at ENA under the following accession numbers: PRJEB22894 (Fecal 16S), PRJEB22874 (Oral 16S), PRJEB22895 (Murine 16S), PRJEB22893 (Fecal WGS).

  Study EGAS00001002698

• The study provides comprehensive access to the set of EGA studies which may be useful as controls.

  The subjects studies in these datasets were selected due to being healthy control individuals or otherwise provide well characterised phenotype or exclude certain disease phenotype categories such that they may be useful as control population, such as to derive allele frequencies from a known reference population.

  Study EGAS00001000646

• Dataset for hematopoietic_malignancy-EXON

  Rare cancer sequencing data of 91 runs in tumor/control pairs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001008882

• Dataset for hepatopancreaticobiliary_malignancy-EXON

  Rare cancer sequencing data of 162 runs in tumor/control pairs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001008883

• Dataset for urologic_cancer-EXON

  Rare cancer sequencing data of 112 runs in tumor/control pairs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001008904

• Scottish High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer

  Scottish HGSOC samples were collected via local Bioresource facilities at Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee and Aberdeen and stored in liquid Nitrogen until required. HGSOC patients were determined from pathology records and were included in the study where there was matched tumour and whole blood samples. On receipt of tumour material the tumour was processed as follows: firstly, the tumour sample was divided into two for DNA and RNA extraction. Slivers of tissue were cut from the front and rear faces of the DNA sample, then fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections from the front and rear tissues from all samples were examined by H&E staining supplemented by WT1/p53 immunohistochemistry if required. Following pathology review, samples were only included if they met the following criteria: they were confirmed as HGSOC and there was greater than 40% tumour cellularity throughout the tumour, determined using the H&E sections. Somatic DNA was extracted using the Qiagen DNeasy Blood and tissue kit (cat no 69504). The tissue was initially homogenised using a Qiagen Bioruptor, followed by the manufacturers recommended protocol (including RNase digestion step). Germline DNA was extracted from 1-3ml whole blood using the Qiagen FlexiGene kit (cat no 51206) following the manufacturers recommended protocol. The resulting DNA underwent quality control as follows: firstly, A260 and A280nm were measured on a Denovix DS-11 Fx to qualitatively illustrate A260/280nm and A260/230nm ratios as surrogate measures of DNA purity. A260/280 had to be 1.8 or greater and A260/230 had to be 2.0 or greater. Then, DNA was quantified using LifeTechnologies Qubit dsDNA BR kit (cat no Q32850) and we required a minimum of 50ul at 25ng/ul for WGS. Thirdly, DNA was diluted to 25ng/ul and a representative sample was loaded onto a 0.8% TAE gel, ran at 100v for 60mins and then imaged using a BioRad ChemiDoc imaging system to visualise the DNA quality. Only when all 4 quality control requirements were satisfied was the DNA sequenced. The DNA was sequenced at the Glasgow Precision Oncology Laboratories.

  Study EGAS00001004410

• Exome sequencing data from two small cell prostate cancer patients

  Exome sequencing data from two small cell prostate cancer patients - 4 cancer samples (FFPE) from Patient 1 collected at 3 different time points and 2 cancer samples (FFPE) from Patient 2 collected at 1 time point. Exonic DNA was enriched using the TruSeq Exome Kit (Illumina) and sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq 500 as 75bp paired end reads (total read length 150bp).

  Dataset EGAD00001011149

• Saliva_Fulani_Database

  In total, 90 DNA samples were genotyped on the Illumina Infinium H3Africa Consortium array (designed for 2,271,503 SNPs; using BeadChip type: H3Africa_2019_20037295_B1). Genotyping was performed at the SNP&SEQ Technology Platform (NGI/SciLifeLab Genomics, Sweden). Saliva Fulani dataset includes individuals from the following populations: 30 individuals from Senegal_FulaniLinguere, 30 individuals from Mauritania_FulaniAssaba, and 30 individuals from Mali_FulaniInnerDelta.

  Dataset EGAD50000000653

• Single-Cell Profiling of the Human Endometrium in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Uncovering Disease Signatures and Treatment Responses

  Single-nuclei map of human endometrial biopsies from women with and without PCOS to identify cell-type-specific disease signatures, compositional variations, and transcriptomic reversibility after a 16-week intervention with metformin or lifestyle. Single nuclei were extracted from 27 frozen endometrial biopsies for snRNA-seq using the 10X Genomics protocol.

  Dac EGAC50000000468

• Human brain development single cell sequencing

  379 tissue samples from various parts of the developing human embryo brain were dissociated and single cells were collected and processed without bias for mRNA-seq using 10X chromium 3' protocol. Libraries were sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq and reads aligned against the human GRCh38 genome.

  Dataset EGAD00001006049

• Single cell epigenomic study of H3-K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma across age and location

  This dataset contains the open chromatin profiles of 8 patient H3-K27M mutant DMGs utilizing the single-cell/nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq)

  Dataset EGAD00001010170

• scRNA-seq of patient-derived PDAC organoids and matched CAFs

  We established direct three-dimensional (3D) co-cultures of primary PDAC organoids and patient-matched CAFs. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed for three organoid/CAF pairs in mono- and co-culture to uncover transcriptional changes induced by tumor-stroma interaction. Single-cell RNA sequencing data evidenced induction of a pro-inflammatory phenotype in CAFs in co-cultures. Organoids showed increased expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in co-cultures and several potential receptor-ligand interactions related to EMT were identified, supporting a key role of CAF-driven induction of EMT in PDAC chemoresistance.

  Study EGAS00001006661

• Spatially Resolved Tumor Ecosystems and Cell States in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Progression and Evolution

  Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of global cancer mortality with high levels of heterogeneity, and intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) represents a significant barrier to GC patient outcomes. In this study, we applied GeoMx DSP technology to identify ITH in GC. We found spatially colocalized RNA-based intratumor subgroups within samples, each correlated with distinct spatially oriented TME and immune profiles. The findings broadening our understanding of the spatial and molecular complexity of GC ITH and offering a valuable data resource for future exploration and discovery.

  Study EGAS50000000345

• Predicting the Prevalence of Complex Genetic Diseases from Individual Genotype Profiles Using Capsule Networks

  Diseases with a complex genetic architecture, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a most prominent example, are hard to disentangle. "Human mind-friendly" methods, such as linear approaches used in genome wide association studies (GWAS), remain blind to many genetic variants that matter. On the other hand, methods that are sufficiently sophisticated to entirely capture the characteristic interplay of genetic variants remain black boxes for the human mind. Here, we give this a decided, and as we argue, a very promising try. We present DiseaseCapsule, a capsule network-based approach that enables us to predict prevalence/occurrence of a genetically complex disease from individual genotype profiles. Importantly, capsule networks are considerably easier to decompose into their components than ordinary deep neural networks, which promotes the interpretability of their results. The data we used are from Project MinE, a large-scale study that aims to reveal the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that underlie ALS in the framework of a globally concerted collaboration. Specifically, we used data from the Dutch cohort of the project, which contains 7213 healthy ('control') individuals and 3192 individuals affected with ALS. The cohort includes 5208 females and 5197 males. All participants of the study were genotyped using an Illumina 2.5M SNP array.

  Study phs003146

• Single cell transcriptomic landscape of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: dissection of transcriptional heterogeneity and B-cell developmental state

  Introduction: Genomic analyses of bulk ALL samples have improved our understanding of the genetic basis and risk stratification of B-ALL, but do not directly examine intratumor heterogeneity or enable inference of leukemia developmental state and cell of origin. Methods: We profiled 89 B-ALL samples by single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) (10X Genomics 5’v2) and compared them to a scRNA-seq reference map of normal human B-cell development. Results: Analysis of heterogeneity of inferred DNA copy number alterations at single cell level showed that aneuploid ALL with near haploidy and hyperdiploid harbor chromosomal losses or gains in all blasts, consistent with early, synchronous origin rather than sequential accumulation. Intra-sample heterogeneity was driven by five gene expression signatures: cell cycle, metabolism, differentiation, inflammation, refining leukemic subtyping. An atlas of B cell development was established to map B-ALL samples to specific developmental states. Hyperdiploid samples resembled pro-B cells, while MEF2D-r and TCF3::PBX1 showed high pre-B abundance. Patients with high early lymphoid abundance had poorer outcomes. Conclusions: Understanding variation in transcriptional programs and developmental states of B-ALL blasts by sc transcriptome refines existing clinical and genomic classifications and provides novel prognostic markers.

  Study EGAS00001007512

• Germline Whole-Exome Sequencing of Lung Cancer in EAGLE

  EAGLE is a large population-based case-control study designed and conducted to investigate the genetic and environmental determinants of lung cancer and smoking persistence using an integrative approach that allows combined analysis of genetic, environmental, clinical, and behavioral data. Here, we applied whole exome sequencing (WES) to EAGLE study, in a group of 2,777 Italian subjects (including 1,461 lung cancer cases and 1,316 healthy controls). We derived gene-level burden tests to explore the cumulative effect of deleterious rare variants within protein-coding genes and the lung cancer risk. Additionally, at this site we include WES datasets of 1259 healthy controls from 1054 PLCO (The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) subjects and 205 ACS (The American Cancer Society study) subjects.

  Study phs002496

• Feasibility of targeted capture sequencing in routinely collected FFPE cancer specimens

  Testing the feasibility of genome-scale sequencing in routinely collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cancer specimens versus matched fresh-frozen samples using targeted pulldown capture prior to Illumina sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001000354

• Feasibility of targeted capture sequencing in FFPE cancer specimens 2

  Testing the feasibility of genome-scale sequencing in routinely collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cancer specimens versus matched fresh-frozen samples using targeted pulldown capture prior to Illumina sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001001448

• 2 paired WGS samples of peritumour regions of colorectal cancer

  2 paired WGS samples of peritumour regions of colorectal cancer (2 patients). The library was prepared using the Illumina TruSeq Nano FFPE kit and the sequencing was done on NovaSeq6000.

  Dataset EGAD00001009714

• UCL Centre for Longitudinal Studies

  Dac EGAC00001003495

• Exome-wide mutation analysis of cell-free DNA to simultaneously monitor the full spectrum of cancer treatment outcomes

  Purpose: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) offers a non-invasive approach to monitor cancer. Here we develop a method using whole-exome sequencing (WES) of cfDNA for simultaneously monitoring the full spectrum of cancer treatment outcomes, including MRD, recurrence, evolution, and second primary cancers. Experimental Design: Three simulation datasets were generated from 26 cancer patients to benchmark the detection performance of MRD/recurrence and second primary cancers. For further validation, cfDNA samples (n=76) from cancer patients (n=35) with six different cancer types were used for performance validation during various treatments.Results: We present a cfDNA-based cancer monitoring method, named cfTrack. Taking advantage of the broad genome coverage of WES data, cfTrack can sensitively detect MRD and cancer recurrence by integrating signals across known clonal tumor mutations of a patient. In addition, cfTrack detects tumor evolution and second primary cancers by de novo identifying emerging tumor mutations. A series of machine learning and statistical denoising techniques are applied to enhance the detection power. On the simulation data, cfTrack achieved an average AUC of 99% on the validation dataset and 100% on the independent dataset in detecting recurrence in samples with tumor fraction ≥0.05%. In addition, cfTrack yielded an average AUC of 88% in detecting second primary cancers in samples with tumor fraction ≥0.2%. On real data, cfTrack accurately monitors tumor evolution during treatment, which cannot be accomplished by previous methods.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that cfTrack can sensitively and specifically monitor the full spectrum of cancer treatment outcomes using exome-wide mutation analysis of cfDNA.

  Study EGAS00001005906

• ICARUS-BREAST01-RNAseq

  Efficacy, safety and biomarker analysis of ICARUS-BREAST01: a phase 2 Study of Patritumab Deruxtecan in patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. RNA-squencing is available for 44 samples comprising 22 samples collected at entry into the trial and 22 samples collected during treatment (cycle 1 day 3, cycle 1 day 19, or cycle 2 day 3) from 22 patients.

  Study EGAS50000000543

• Clinical Activity of Combined Telomerase Vaccination and Pembrolizumab in Advanced Melanoma: Results from a Phase I Trial

  Thirty patients with advanced melanoma were recruited to a clinical trial investigating the therapeutic cancer vaccine, UV1, in combination with pembrolizumab. Whole exome sequencing was performed on melanoma biopsies to determine tumor mutational burden and association with response to therapy. RNA sequencing of matched tumor biopsies to evaluate gene expression profiles at baseline and post-treatment.

  Study EGAS00001007210

• Genetic_variation_in_Kuusamo

  The aim of this study is to characterize as completely as possible the genetic variation and structure of Kuusamo and surrounding regions. We will perform low coverage, whole genome sequencing in a relatively limited number (approximately 200) of individuals from the FINRISK study both of whose parents are born in Kuusamo, Posio or Taivalkoski. Sequencing will be performed at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI). We have previously shown using simulations and genome wide SNP data that the genetic characteristics agree with known genealogical data, and that approximately 200 individuals suffice to capture the majority of the genetic variation in this population.We have also developed methods for long-range haplotyping and long-range imputation, which are more accurate than traditional methods. This will allow us to identify a majority of the founder haplotypes in this population. The information from the haplotypes identified in this study can be used in other studies to impute from genome-wide SNP data the full genome sequence of samples ascertained for specific phenotypes.

  Study EGAS00001000020

• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN)

  The NINDS Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN) is a large international collaboration designed to detect genetic variants that predispose to subtypes of ischemic stroke. The study implements a genome wide association study (GWAS) methodology with all stroke cases undergoing phenotypic and stroke-subtype classification using the same web-based Causative Classification of Stroke (CCS) system, with data entered by trained and certified adjudicators at participating Research Centers (GRC's). SiGN includes ischemic stroke cases from 24 GRC's, 13 from the US and 11 from Europe. Each GRC has access to well-characterized ischemic stroke cases in which extensive phenotype data and high-quality DNA was available. Genome-wide data was available for many cases and for those without, new genome-wide genotyping, including exome chip genotyping of rare variants, was done through the Center for Inherited Diseases Research (CIDR). To maximize power for subtype analyses, genotyping resources were allocated almost exclusively to cases. With few exceptions, controls were drawn from studies with publicly available genome-wide data.

  Study phs000615

• RNAseq of SCCOHT patient tumors

  This data set contains BAM files of the RNAseq analysis for three SCCOHT patient tumors. Total mRNA was isolated from fresh frozen tumor samples. RNA sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq 4000, paired end 150 bp.

  Dataset EGAD00001007829

• ACC RNASeq data

  Samples prepared using TruSeq Stranded Total RNA library kit. Samples sequenced on a HiSeq 2000.

  Dataset EGAD00001008192

• Inherited CD28 deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with disseminated warts and giant horns

  this dataset corresponds to 3 patient of HPV-driven warts single cell RNA data generated through the 10X genomics platform and aligned on GRCh38 reference using the cell ranger tools.

  Dataset EGAD00001006644

• Sequencing data of tumor tissue obtained from GANNET53 study patients

  The GANNET53 clinical trial evaulated novel treatment options for ovarian cancer patients with platinum-resistant relapse. Archival fresh-frozen paraffin embedded tissue was available from 131 of the 133 enrolled patients. NGS sequencing aimed at assessing the mutational spectrum of key ovarian cancer genes (with a focus on TP53), and their relevance for therapy resistance. From available FFPE samples, DNA was extracted and NGS sequenced using the SureSeq™ Ovarian Cancer Panel and the NGS Library Preparation kit covering all exons of 7 key ovarian cancer genes BRCA1, BRCA2,TP53, PTEN, ATM, ATR, NF1 for single nucleotide variants (SNV) and indels. Finally, sequence data from 118 individual FFPE tumor tissue samples were generated.

  Study EGAS50000000935

• Single Cell Dissection of the Tumour Microenvironment Reveals Dynamic Interplay Shaping the Tumour Immunity Continuum in Ovarian Cancer

  Diverse tumour immune phenotypes with distinct T cell infiltration patterns result in different responses to cancer immunotherapies. However, the key determinants and biology underpinning these phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we provide a high-resolution dissection of the tumour microenvironment representative of different tumour immune phenotypes. By performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of the tumour, immune, and stromal compartments from 15 ovarian cancer patients, we characterized the diverse cellular and functional phenotypes, as well as dynamic interplay within and between these components. Infiltrated and excluded tumours markedly differed from desert tumours in several tumour cell intrinsic features, including high interferon response, antigen presentation and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, these tumours were characterized by tumour associated macrophage (TAM)-like myeloid subsets, while desert tumours were enriched in myeloid derived suppressive cell (MDSC)-like myeloid subsets. Infiltrated and excluded tumours differed in their T cell composition and fibroblast subsets. While dysfunctional CD8+ GZMB T cells and IL1-activated fibroblasts (IL1 CAFs) were associated with infiltrated tumours, pre-dysfunctional CD8+ GZMK T cells and TGFB-activated fibroblasts (TGFB CAFs) were enriched in excluded tumours. These findings validated in bulk transcriptomic profiles of 1071 ovarian tumours and using in situ hybridization. Furthermore, our study revealed chemokine receptor-ligand interactions within and across compartments as potential mechanisms mediating immune cell infiltration, exemplified by the tumour cell-T cell crosstalk via a CXC16-CXCR6 axis, stromal-immune cell crosstalk via CXCL12/14-CXCR4 signalling, and TAM-like macrophage-T cell crosstalk through CXCR3-CXCL9/10/11 signalling. Our in-depth characterization of the tumour environment and intercellular interactions provides novel insights into potential molecular mechanisms that shape the distinct biology of tumour immune phenotypes. Our findings may inform novel therapeutic strategies for potentially shifting tumours along the immunity continuum to improve clinical benefit from cancer immunotherapies.

  Study EGAS00001004935

• Host pathogen interaction long read transcriptome

  Our incomplete knowledge of the human transcriptome impairs the detection of disease-causing variants, in particular in transcripts only expressed under certain conditions. These transcripts are often lacking from reference transcript sets, such as Ensembl/GENCODE and RefSeq, and could be relevant for establishing genetic diagnoses. We present SUsPECT (Solving Unsolved Patient Exomes/gEnomes using Custom Transcriptomes), a pipeline based on the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) to predict variant impact on custom transcript sets, such as those generated by long-read RNA-sequencing, for downstream prioritization. Our pipeline predicts the functional consequence and likely deleteriousness scores for missense variants in the context of novel open reading frames predicted from any transcriptome. We demonstrate the utility of SUsPECT by uncovering potential mutational mechanisms of pathogenic variants in ClinVar that are predicted to be benign using the reference transcript annotation. In further support of SUsPECT’s utility, we identified an enrichment of immune-related variants predicted to have a more severe molecular consequence when annotating with a newly generated transcriptome from stimulated immune cells instead of the reference transcriptome. Our pipeline outputs crucial information for further prioritization of potentially disease-causing variants for any disease and will become increasingly useful as more long-read RNA sequencing datasets become available.

  Study EGAS00001006779

• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Human Genetics Resource Center: DNA and Cell Line Repository (the NINDS Repository): Motor Neuron/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Study

  The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Human Genetics Resource Center: DNA and Cell Line Repository (the NINDS Repository), banks phenotypic data and biological samples, including from individuals with motor neuron disease, in order to facilitate gene discovery in neurological disorders. Those samples are used in a number of studies, and genotyping data from studies using this resource are encouraged to be shared via dbGaP. Many studies have already shared data in this fashion, which in turn, can be linked back to the biologicals banked at the NINDS Repository. Motor Neuron Disease is characterized by selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes, the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy, the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation (Adams et al, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p 1089). The Motor Neuron Disease Collection of DNA and cell lines in the NINDS Repository is largely Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis cases (others include progressive muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, progressive bulbar palsy, Kennedy's disease). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of motor neuron disease (MND). Although ALS is the most common MND, it is still a relatively rare disease with an incidence of around 1.6 per 100,000 in the United States. It is currently incurable and treatment is largely limited to supportive care. Family history is associated with an increased risk of ALS, and many Mendelian causes have been discovered (including SOD1). However, most forms of the disease are not obviously familial. It is suspected that the sporadic forms of neurodegenerative disorders are caused by multiple genetic variants that individually make relatively weak contributions to risk. There is also an associated Control collection (see dbGaP and Coriell). Studies in motor Neuron Disease may use cases from the NINDS repository, controls from the NINDS repository, as well as cases, and controls, from other sources. A subset of subjects from The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Human Genetics Resource Center: DNA and Cell Line Repository (the NINDS Repository): Motor Neuron/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Study was utilized in the Genome-wide genotyping in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neurologically normal controls: first stage analysis and public release of data study. Note: The publication Chio et al., 2009 states that "Raw sample-level genotype data from the initial GWAS study ... are available for download through the dbGAP portal (phs000006.v1.p1)". Instead, please follow this link: phs000101.v1.p1.

  Study phs000006

• single cell data from HPV-positive head and neck cancer patients receiving induction CTLA-4 and PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade

  Baseline and on-treatment tumor samples from human papillomavirus-positive oropharynx cancer patients receiving anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade were analyzed by single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD50000000487

• snRNA-seq analysis in multinucleated myogenic FSHD cells identifies heterogeneous FSHD transcriptome signatures associated with embryonic-like program activation and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis

  The sporadic nature of DUX4 expression in FSHD muscle challenges comparative transcriptome analyses between FSHD and control samples. A variety of DUX4 and FSHD-associated transcriptional changes have been identified, but bulk RNA-seq strategies prohibit comprehensive analysis of their spatiotemporal relation, interdependence and role in the disease process. In this study, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of nuclei isolated from patient- and control-derived multinucleated primary myotubes to investigate the cellular heterogeneity in FSHD. Taking advantage of the increased resolution in snRNA-sequencing of fully differentiated myotubes, two distinct populations of DUX4-affected nuclei could be defined by their transcriptional profiles. Our data provides insights into the differences between these two populations and suggests heterogeneity in two well-known FSHD-associated transcriptional aberrations: increased oxidative stress and inhibition of myogenic differentiation. Additionally, we provide evidence that DUX4-affected nuclei share transcriptome features with early embryonic cells beyond the well-described cleavage stage, progressing into the 8-cell and blastocyst stages. Altogether, our data suggests that the FSHD transcriptional profile is defined by a mixture of individual and sometimes mutually exclusive DUX4-induced responses and cellular state-dependent downstream effects.

  Study EGAS00001007635

• A comprehensive DNA methylation landscape of human and mouse cell lines derived from hematological malignancies

  Human cancer cell lines constitute useful models to study the primary disease and many relevant findings in tumor biology have been originated from them since the first immortalized cell line (HeLa) was obtained. The easy experimental intervention, the purity of the transformed cells and their versatility to undergo high-throughput screenings represent advantageous features of the established cancer cell lines. In recent years, major efforts have characterized in detail the multiomics make-up of hundreds of cancer cell lines and studied their association with sensitivity to anticancer drugs. Most of these studies have been genetic-centric and have not characterized in detail the epigenetic profiles underlying the characteristics of these cells or their impact on the efficacy of antitumoral compounds. In this regard, a past version of a DNA methylation microarray or a less accessible and more time-consuming such as reduced representation bisulfite sequencing have been used in those attempts to interrogate the epigenetic setting. Herein, we have obtained the DNA methylation profiles of 210 cell lines derived from hematological malignancies utilizing comprehensive DNA methylation microarrays that interrogates more than 850,000 and 285,000 CpG sites from human and mouse genomes, respectively. Importantly, we also provide a pharmacoepigenetic example of the potential use of this resource by showing how DNA methylation can predict response to nucleoside analogues.

  Study EGAS50000000627

• Genetic immune escape landscape in primary and metastatic cancer

  Immune surveillance escape is a hallmark of tumorigenesis1. Multiple studies have characterized the immune escape landscape across several untreated early-stage primary cancer types2–4. However, whether late-stage treated metastatic tumors present differences in genetic immune escape (GIE) prevalence and dynamics remains unclear. Here, we performed a pan-cancer characterization of GIE prevalence across six immune escape pathways in 6,457 uniformly processed Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) tumor samples including 58 cancer types from 1,943 primary untreated patients and 4,514 metastatic patients. To effectively address the complexity of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA-I) locus and to characterize its tumor status, we developed LILAC, an open-source integrative framework. We demonstrate that one in four tumors harbor GIE alterations, with high mechanistic and frequency variability across cancer types. GIE prevalence is highly consistent between primary and metastatic tumors for most cancer types with few exceptions such as prostate and thyroid carcinomas that have increased immune evasion frequencies in metastatic tumors. Positive selection analysis revealed that GIE alterations are frequently selected for in tumor evolution and that focal LOH of HLA-I, unlike non-focal LOH of HLA-I, tends to lose the HLA allele that presents the largest neoepitope repertoire. We also unraveled tumor genomic features contributing to immune escape incidence, including DNA repair deficiency, APOBEC activity, tobacco associated mutation load and viral DNA integration. Finally, there is a strong tendency for mid and high tumor mutation burden (TMB) tumors to preferentially select LOH of HLA-I for GIE whereas hypermutated samples favor global immune evasion strategies. Our results indicate that genetic immune escape is generally a pre-metastatic event during tumor evolution and that tumors adapt different strategies depending on their neoepitope burden.

  Study EGAS00001006123

• Copy numbers in resectable gastric cancer treated with surgery alone

  Purpose: Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease requiring stratification to recognize its underlying biology and variable clinical outcome. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) recognizes four molecular subgroups: Epstein-Barr virus positive (EBV+) and microsatellite instable (MSI) with superior survival compared to genomically stable (GS) and chromosomal instable (CIN). Since classification criteria to distinguish GS from CIN were not defined, alternative markers such as Lauren’s histopathology or CDH1/p53 immunohistochemistry are commonly applied. Here we compared survival of gastric cancer subgroups determined by four methods. Experimental Design: EBV- and microsatellite stable tumors from a total of 309 patients treated with surgery alone were assigned to subgroups by: (i) specific copy number aberrations as determined by TCGA (GS or CIN), (ii) genome instability index (GII; high or low), (iii) Lauren’s classification (diffuse or intestinal), and (iv) CDH1/p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC; aberrant CDH1, normal-, or aberrant p53 expression). Subgroups were associated with cancer-related survival (CRS). Results: Five-year CRS was 42.0% for diffuse and 49.5% for intestinal type tumors, and 57.8% for GS and 41.6% for CIN tumors. Classification by GII or CDH1/p53 IHC did not correlate with CRS. The combination of TCGA and Lauren classifications resulted in four distinct subgroups. Five-year CRS for GS-intestinal (n=24), GS-diffuse (n=57), CIN-intestinal (n=142) and CIN-diffuse (n=86) was 61.4%, 56.5%, 47.6%, and 31.5%, respectively. Conclusions: TCGA’s GS and CIN have additional prognostic value to Lauren’s diffuse and intestinal subgroups in gastric cancer. GS-intestinal, GS-diffuse, CIN-intestinal and CIN-diffuse constitute biologically distinct entities and are suggested as stratification variables for future studies.

  Study EGAS00001007394

• Genetically unique biospecimens derived from individuals with or without Type 1 Diabetes

  In this dataset, samples correspond to pools of genetically unique biospecimens derived from individuals with or without Type 1 Diabetes. Each sample alias contains all the DNA test numbers for that pool. Each experiment corresponds to scmxGEX (multiome RNA gene expression), scmxATAC (multiome ATAC sequencing), scRNA (single cell RNA sequencing), scATAC (single cell ATAC sequencing) for each pool. Runs link the appropriate fastq files to each experiment. Deconvolution using genetic information is required for single sample-based testing.

  Dataset EGAD50000001257

• Derivation and Investigation of The First Human Cell-Based Model of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

  Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is the most common human imprinting disorder, and phenotypes include hepatomegaly and hepatoblastoma development. In approximately 20% of patients, this syndrome is caused by uniparental isodisomy of the paternal allele across chromosome 11p15 (pUPD11). From fibroblasts cultured from 2 BWS patients with pUPD11, we derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and differentiated to hepatocytes to study a model of the BWS liver transcriptome through RNA-Seq. Compared to 2 similarly derived controls, we observed differential expression in insulin signaling, cell proliferation, and cell cycle pathways, indicating their potential importance in the liver overgrowth and oncogenesis associated with BWS.

  Study phs002365

• Single-cell characterization of human GBM reveals regional differences in tumor-infiltrating leukocyte activation

  Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) harbors a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which influences glioma growth. Major efforts have been undertaken to describe the TME on a single-cell level. However, human data on regional differences within the TME remain scarce. Goals: we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on paired biopsies from the tumor center, peripheral infiltration zone and blood of five patients with primary GBM Details: This EGA study includes raw data sequencing files for the scRNA-seq samples. The processed data (output from Alevin, UMI count matrix and cell metadata) are available from GEO https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE197543

  Study EGAS50000000302

• Human Epilepsy Genetics: Mosaic Mutations in Focal Epilepsy

  This study investigates the role of somatic mosaic mutations in human focal epilepsies, including focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). It leverages genomic and single-cell transcriptomic data from surgically resected brain tissue to identify pathogenic variants and characterize their effects on specific cell types and molecular pathways. The study employs methods such as deep whole-exome and targeted sequencing, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), and integrated genotype-transcriptome profiling (e.g., GO-TEN) to define the cellular architecture and functional consequences of mosaic mutations. Data generated under this project aim to elucidate mechanisms of epileptogenesis and support discovery of potential therapeutic targets.

  Study phs004124

• Transcriptome analysis of a novel human iPSC-derived 3D cortical tissue model – 2D versus 3D co-culture comparison

  Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human iPSC-derived microglia/astrocytes/neurons in a novel, human in vitro 3D cortical tissue model, as well as 2D co-cultures for comparison. Samples include distinct conditions (each as biological triplicates): - wild-type cells from 2D or 3D co-cultures after 3 months of culturing (2D_WT, 3D_WT) - knock-in cells from 2D or 3D co-cultures carrying three familial AD mutations in the APP gene (Swedish, Iberian, Arctic; introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in) after 3 months of culturing (2D_KI, 3D_KI) - 2D and 3D KI cultures treated with Bumetanide (KI_bum) or BACE IV (KI_bace) inhibitor

  Study EGAS50000001392

• Feasibility Study to Identify the Optimal Adjuvant Combination Scheme of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab (OpACIN) in resectable stage III melanoma patients

  OpACIN is a feasibility study including 20 patients with palpable stage III melanoma that were 1:1 randomized to receive ipilimumab 3mg/kg and nivolumab 1mg/kg, either 4 courses after surgery (adjuvant arm), or 2 courses prior to surgery and 2 courses post-surgery (neoadjuvant arm). WES and RNA-seq was performed on baseline biopsy material and correlated with outcome of the patients (relapse free survival). TCRseq from baseline tumor samples was used to analyse the top 100 tumor resident clones and analyse their change in PBMC comparing baseline versus week 6 of immunotherapy.

  Study EGAS00001003099

• Mongolia Western HCC

  Mongolia has the world’s highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with ~100 cases/105 inhabitants. We molecularly characterize the Mongolian (n=192) compared to Western HCCs (n=187) by RNA-seq and WES. Mongolian patients were predominantly younger, female, with HBV-HDV non-cirrhotic livers. Mongolian HCCs had higher rates of protein-coding mutations (121 vs 70 mut /tumor in West), and mutations in known (i.e. APOB) and putative HCC drivers (TSC2). A novel mutational signature (SBS Mongolia) was identified in 25% of cases associated with the carcinogenic DMS genotoxic signature. Two unique molecular classes enriched in HBV-HDV infection, female gender and inflamed tumors are described.

  Study EGAS00001005364

• Single-cell roadmap of immune cell responses in chronic myeloid leukemia

  To study the innate and adaptive immune responses in CML, we profiled 25 samples from CML patients including samples at diagnosis (n = 7, N = 9, where n is the number of subjects and N the number of samples if different from n) and before and after TKI-cessation with imatinib (n = 6, N = 15) with paired single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) αβ chain sequencing (scRNA+TCRαβ-seq) and compared our data to different cancers (n = 29) and healthy donors (n = 7). This dataset contains the samples from before and after TKI-cessation, please see the manuscript for info related to the other datasets.

  Study EGAS00001005044

• raw RNA-seq data from patients infected with COVID-19 or influenza

  Dataset consists of fastq files from bulk RNA-seq done on peripheral blood acquired from two well characterised hospitalised cohorts, a cohort of patients infected with influenza and a cohort of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the pandemic and prior to availability of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines.

  Dataset EGAD00001008505

• Recurrent loss of heterozygosity correlates with clinical outcome in pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer

  Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are uncommon cancers arising from pancreatic islet cells. Here we report analysis of gene mutation, copy number and RNA expression of 57 sporadic well-differentiated pNETs.

  Study EGAS00001003038

• Single molecule molecular inversion probe capture developed using the CIViC database

  This study evaluated the use of the Clinical Interpretations of Variants in Cancer database (CIViC) to develop an Open-sourced CIViC Annotation Pipeline (OpenCAP). OpenCAP is a resource that allows users to develop a clinical capture panel that can be linked back to clinical summaries within the CIViC database. This method for capture panel development and variant annotation was tested using 27 cancer samples from 5 tumor subtypes with original exome or genome sequencing. Specifically, using OpenCAP, 111 variants were identified as relevant for the capture panel and 2,027 smMIPs were designed to target these variants. The smMIPs panel design was employed on all samples to validate the capture panel design. When compared to original sequencing, the CIViC smMIPs capture panel demonstrated a 95% sensitivity for variant detection (n = 61 variants). Additionally, the CIViC smMIPs capture panel identified 182 additional clinically relevant variants that had been missed on original sequencing.

  Study phs001890

• Comprehensive pharmacogenomic characterization of gastric cancer

  Gastric cancer is among the most lethal human malignancies. Previous studies have identified molecular aberrations that constitute dynamic biological networks and genomic complexities of gastric tumors. However, the clinical translation of molecular-guided targeted therapy is hampered by challenges. Notably, solid tumors often harbor multiple genetic alterations, complicating the development of effective treatments. To address such challenges, we established a comprehensive dataset of molecularly annotated patient derivatives coupled with pharmacological profiles for 60 targeted agents to explore dynamic pharmacogenomic interactions in gastric cancers. We identified lineage-specific drug sensitivities based on histopathological and molecular subclassification, including substantial sensitivities toward VEGFR and EGFR inhibition therapies in diffuse- and signet ring-type gastric tumors, respectively. We identified potential therapeutic opportunities for WNT pathway inhibitors in ALK-mutant tumors, a significant association between PIK3CA-E542K mutation and AZD5363 response, and transcriptome expression of RNF11 as a potential predictor of response to gefitinib. Collectively, our results demonstrate the feasibility of drug screening combined with tumor molecular characterization to facilitate personalized therapeutic regimens for gastric tumors.

  Study EGAS00001004106

• RNA sequencing data for primary and recurrent ovarian granulosa cell tumors

  RNA sequencing dataset for primary and recurrent ovarian granulosa cell tumors consists of 24 .bam files with aligned reads, including 8 primary and 16 recurrent tumors. Total RNA was extracted from cryopreserved tissue of adult-type granulosa cell tumor samples. Libraries were prepared from cDNA using the NuGEN Ovation Ultralow Library System V2 (San Carlos, CA). Paired-end bulk RNA sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. RNA sequencing reads were aligned to the hg19/GRCh37 reference human genome using the STAR software (version 2.6.0b) with default parameters. Samples description: GCT001 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT002 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: primary tumor GCT003 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT004 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: primary tumor GCT005 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT006 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT007 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: primary tumor GCT008 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT009 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT010 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT011 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: primary tumor GCT012 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT013 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT014 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT015 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT016 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT017 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT018 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: primary tumor GCT019 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT020 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: primary tumor GCT021 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: primary tumor GCT022 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT023 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: recurrent tumor GCT024 Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor: primary tumor

  Dataset EGAD00001009108

• Metabolic requirements of the metastasis-initiating tumour cell population using oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a model system

  Study EGAS00001004765

• Biomarker Research for Anti EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies by Comprehensive Cancer Genomics

  The purpose of this study is to explore new biomarkers for predicting the effectiveness of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The investigation involves analyzing the entire exome, conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS), and analyzing copy number variations (CNVs) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Genetic material from both cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, as well as blood samples from patients who received the antibody treatment, will be used. The goal is to identify genetic mutations and SNPs associated with treatment efficacy and adverse events, and to assess the correlation between their presence and treatment effectiveness using statistical methods.

  Study JGAS000779

• Data for the study "Plasma ctDNA is a tumor tissue surrogate and enables clinical-genomic stratification of metastatic bladder cancer"

  Sequencing data from patients with bladder cancer. BAM files from targeted DNA sequencing of bladder cancer driver genes in 344 circulating tumor DNA and tumor tissue samples. BAM files from whole exome sequencing of 49 circulating tumor DNA and tumor tissue samples. Paired FASTQ files from RNA sequencing of 86 tumor tissue samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001006362

• UCL Centre for Longitudinal Studies

  Dac EGAC00001001041

• snMultiome Studies of University of Copenhagen

  Dac EGAC50000000924

• STAMPEED: Whole Genome Association Analysis of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (HCT) Outcomes

  This retrospective cohort study was designed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Validated discoveries provide information to improve risk assessment, counseling and treatment planning and to direct future mechanistic studies of the genes and pathways that influence outcomes, thereby providing insight and rationale for new targeted therapies. The study was conducted with the use of 3 different approaches. (1) We used GWAS discovery and replication analyses to identify SNPs variants associated with outcomes after HCT. (2) We tested SNP alleles in HLA-matched sibling donors and recipients to determine whether mismatching in the recipient is associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or the risk of recurrent malignancy after HCT. Such associations would suggest that the peptide encoded by the SNP allele functions as a minor histocompatibility antigen. (3) We performed in silico candidate SNP studies to determine the validity of previously published results showing associations with outcomes after HCT. The study population represents a large cohort from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and consists of 4,471 recipients and 4,628 donors containing 4,258 recipient-donor pairs. Recipients suffered from a hematologic malignancy or myelodysplastic syndrome and were treated in a highly structured clinical research environment with comprehensive monitoring and systematic data recording. We used proportional hazards analyses to test for associations with acute and chronic GVHD, acute kidney injury, gram-negative bacteremia, invasive fungal disease, CMV infection and disease, recurrent malignancy, death not attributable to recurrent malignancy, and death after recurrent or progressive malignancy.

  Study phs001918

• Adipocytes Regulate Fibroblast Function and Their Loss Contributes to Fibroblast Dysfunction in Inflammatory Diseases

  We profiled live synovial cells from 16 individuals with no diagnosed arthritis using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our study was designed to provide a reference single cell RNA sequencing dataset for researchers interested in studying arthritic synovium, providing sequencing data on healthy synovial cells for comparison to cells from diseased synovial tissues. Synovial tissue was collected post-mortem from three different sources between 2019-2021: the National Disease Research Interchange, a collaboration with Rush University and the Gift of Hope, and the Brigham and Women's Hospital Autopsy Department. To be included in the study, patients had to be between the ages of 18 to 72 and have no diagnosed arthritis or autoimmune diseases. Additionally, this study includes bulk RNA sequencing data of cultured primary synovial fibroblasts isolated from three rheumatoid arthritis patents. Cells were stimulated with either cortisol, fat conditioned media, TGFβ, TNFα, fat conditioned media with mifepristone, TGFβ with fat conditioned media, or TNFα with fat conditioned media. Cells were harvested 4 or 22 hours later and lysates collected for sequencing. Data from this study submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) may be accessed via accession number GSE233504.

  Study phs003304

• Genetics and Functional Studies of Autosomal Recessive Neurological Disorders

  Neurological conditions account for over 6% of the global disease burden. There are more than 600 neurological disorders, and cognitive dysfunction, also referred to as intellectual disability (ID), occupies a prominent position in this list. Cognitive dysfunction arises from the failure of neuronal cells to organize into a complex network and remodel this network in response to learning and experience. It is manifested by deficits in adaptive behaviors in everyday social and practical skills. Due to its high prevalence and the lifetime cost of care per individual, in the range of $1-2 million in United Sates (CDC), it presents a significant health burden. Genetic and functional studies of the genes and protein determinants of ID have helped to elucidate the molecular pathways of human brain development in health and disease. However, the identity of a large number of essential molecular and cellular components still remain elusive. The objectives of our study are to expand the genetic repertoire of causal ID genes and characterize their role in neuronal structure and cognitive function. The rationale is that identification and functional elucidation of causative gene variants that lead to cognitive dysfunction will be essential for understanding brain function and for developing improved diagnostic tools and efficacious preventive and therapeutic agents for neurological disorders, including ID. There are 3 aims of our comprehensive research program: 1) Ascertain and clinically phenotype members of extended families segregating autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID); 2) identify new ARID genes and gene products; and 3) determine the functions of prioritized novel ARID genes using multifaceted approaches, including analysis of spatiotemporal expression patterns in mouse brain, targeting in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, effects on cell morphology and synapse abundance, synaptic transmission and plasticity in neuronal cells by electrophysiology and live-cell imaging assays. The project will advantageously combine human clinical assessment, genetic and functional analyses relevant to brain development and function. Impact: Execution of the proposed studies will generate new knowledge that is clinically relevant, with high potential to impact ID molecular diagnosis, prognoses, and identify novel therapeutic targets to slow progression, delay onset, and possibly devising precision medicine approaches for ID.

  Study phs003298

• Contextual and Health Behavior Effects on Epigenetic Aging Among Africans in the Family and Community Health Studies

  The Family and Community Health Studies (FACHS) is a longitudinal examination of health and health related behaviors in African American families. The original study cohort consisted of 867 African American parent-child dyads from Georgia and Iowa who were ascertained in cooperation with local school districts. The key inclusion criteria for participating in the study were the presence of an adolescent in the 5th grade (approximately 10-11 years old) who self-identified as African American (i.e., the Target) and the participation of a primary caretaker (PC) for the Target. The clinical and biological data included in this collection are from the Target (i.e., FACHS-T) portion of these studies of these African American parent-child dyads. The initial wave of behavioral assessments of the FACHS-T subjects was conducted in 1997-98 (Wave 1), with seven subsequent ascertainments, Wave 2 (1999–2000), Wave 3 (2002–2003), Wave 4 (2005–2006), Wave 5 (2007–2009), Wave 6 (2010–2011), Wave 7 (2014–2016) and Wave 8 (2019-2021). Full interviews were obtained at each wave of the study with the exact content of the wave varying as a function of developmental age. These interviews of the FACHS-T subjects collected a wide variety of data including the following: perceived discrimination; socioeconomic status; substance use exposure; common internalizing and externalizing disorders such as depression, substance use, and conduct disorder; school efficacy; peer support and perceived parenting practices. Biological sampling of the FACHS-T subjects was conducted at three time points. Saliva DNA was collected at Wave 5 while full phlebotomy was conducted at Waves 7 and 8. The genome wide methylation data listed below is derived from the whole blood DNA samples collected at Wave 8 and Wave 9. The genome wide genotyping data was determined using DNA from the Wave 7 samples. The clinical and biological data available herein are those from 309 FACHS-T subjects who participated in both Wave 7 and Wave 8, and who consented for deposition of their data in dbGAP.

  Study phs003723

• Clinical panel sequencing of cancer of unknown primary using Comprehensive cancer panel (CCP)

  This database includes comprehensive cancer panel (CCP) on paired tumour and germline DNA from cancer of unknown primary samples, all of which are matched to WGS data under this study. This data was used to compare biomarker yield against what was achieved with WGS. This dataset contains n=34 tumour-germline paired samples. All samples are in BAM format aligned with GRCh38 reference genome.

  Dataset EGAD50000000655

• A case of colorectal cancer with ERBB2 c.2264T>C (p.Leu755Ser) mutation

  This data set contains next generation sequencing (NGS) data of two serial tumor samples (primary and a metastasis) from a patient with colorectal cancer showing an ERBB2 c.2264T>C (p.Leu755Ser). NGS was performed using the Illumina TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel (TSACP, Illumina) covering 212 amplicons in 48 cancer associated genes on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The dataset contains two BAM files.

  Dataset EGAD00001002252

• Genomic and Transcriptomic Data in GBM Patients Undergoing anti-PDL1 Therapy

  This dataset comprises whole exome sequencing data from 29 tumor-normal pairs and RNA-seq data from 39 tumors of newly diagnosed IDH-wt GBM patients. It includes analyses such as variant calls, copy number variations, the transcriptomic expression matrix, and patient metadata and outcomes.

  Dataset EGAD50000001154

• Phenotype, genotype, and transcriptome data from three South Eastern Bantu groups in the SABR study

  Phenotypic data, whole genome sequencing, blood RNA-seq, imputed variant calls, cell type estimates, gene expression levels, splicing measurements, and analysis covariates from South African Blood Regulatory (SABR) resource participants, which includes South Eastern Bantu-speaking groups.

  Dataset EGAD50000001477

• Standard epigenome mapping in human epithelial cells of the digestive and urogenital organs [RNA-Seq ]

  The aim of this study is to participate in International Human Epigenome Consortium (http://ihec-epigenomes.org/), through disclosure of quality reference epigenome profiles in normal and diseased cells obtained from multiple Japanese people.

  Study JGAS000080

• Standard epigenome mapping in human epithelial cells of the digestive and urogenital organs [RNA-Seq ]

  The aim of this study is to participate in International Human Epigenome Consortium (http://ihec-epigenomes.org/), through disclosure of quality reference epigenome profiles in normal and diseased cells obtained from multiple Japanese people.

  Study JGAS000081

• Extraembryonic tissue and cytotrophoblast epigenome mapping

  Maps of H3K27ac from normal 2nd- and 3rd-trimester cytotrophoblasts, preterm severe preeclampsia cytotrophoblasts, and 2nd-trimester amnion. Maps of H3K27me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3, and H3K4me1 from 2nd- and 3rd-trimester cytotrophoblast. Maps of H3K9me3 from 2nd- and 3rd-trimester cytotrophoblast, smooth chorion, and basal plate. RNA-seq from 2nd- and 3rd-trimester cytotrophoblasts.

  Dataset EGAD00001006066

• MSC_busulfan_small_intestine_organoids

  This dataset represent the RNA-seq, which was done on untreated small intestinal organoids; small intestinal organoids treated with chemotherapeutic, busulfan; untreated small intestinal organoids co-cultured wth mesenchymak stromal/stem cells (MSCs; busulfan treated small intestinal organoids co-cultured with MSCs. The same set of samples was done for 3 different primary bone marrow MSC donors.

  Dataset EGAD00001011176

• RNA-seq data of Metabolic profiling of patient-derived organoids reveals nucleotide synthesis as a metabolic vulnerability in malignant rhabdoid tumors

  Patient-matched normal kidney organoid (103H) and MRT tumoroid (103T2) models were treated for 24h with either DMSO (ctrl), 400nM MTX, or 50nM BAY to investigate the direct effects of drug treatment on the expression of key metabolic enzymes in the nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.

  Dataset EGAD00001015391

• RNA-seq transcriptome of bronchial brush samples from COPD and control

  Human subjects (COPD patients or apparently healthy controls) where investigated by bronchoscopy and a 5 mm brush was used to sample the subsegment airways of the right lung. The material obtained mainly consist of bronchial epithelial cells plus some contamination with leukocytes. For further details see Ziegler-Heitbrock et al, European Respiratory Journal, 40:823-829, 2012.

  Dataset EGAD00001002003

• MP2PRT-MNG: Identifying Novel Molecular Markers of Response to Radiotherapy in Meningiomas Using Samples from the RTOG-0539 (NCT00895622)

  The Molecular Profiling to Predict Response to Treatment (MP2PRT) program is part of the NCI's Cancer Moonshot Initiative. The aim of this program is the retrospective characterization and analysis of biospecimens collected from completed NCI-sponsored trials of the National Clinical Trials Network and the NCI Community Oncology Research Program. NRG RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group)-0539, which was a nonrandomized phase II cooperative group trial in 2009, was selected for inclusion in this program. NRG RTOG-0539 assigned patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of meningioma to 1 of 3 risk groups based on 2007 WHO grade, resection extent, and recurrence status, and radiotherapy was given per protocol to the intermediate- and high-risk cases. Under the MP2PRT program, DNA methylation profiling, RNA sequencing, and whole exome sequencing were performed on clinical trial cases with available tissue for molecular analyte extraction and subsequent sequencing. Raw molecular data with metadata are available for this study.

  Study phs003707

• Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing data of high-grade serous ovarian cancer

  This dataset comprises whole-genome Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing data from six high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients, including cryopreserved, pre-treatment tumor tissues and matched peripheral blood samples (12 samples in total). High-molecular-weight DNA was prepared using the SQK-LSK114 Ligation Sequencing Kit and sequenced on FLO-PRO114M flow cells (R10.4.1). Basecalling was conducted using the super-accurate (SUP) model, enabling simultaneous detection of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). The dataset includes BAM files containing base modification information for downstream genomic and epigenomic analyses.

  Dataset EGAD50000001509

• Evaluation of capture and amplicon-based targeted sequencing methods on formalin-fixed tumours

  Evaluated performance of three capture (Agilent’s SureSelectXT HS, Illumina’s Nextera Rapid Capture Custom, and New England Biolabs’ Next Direct Custom) and one amplicon-based (Qiagen’s Human Breast Cancer Panel) targeted sequencing methods on paired blood and FFPE, using whole exome sequencing data from matched fresh-frozen tissue as a comparison.

  Study EGAS00001004965

• Assessing the impact of low frequency coding variants on disease risk using the Exomechip

  Following several rounds of Genome Wide Association (GWA) scans and subsequent meta-analyses of results multiple risk loci have been identified for many common diseases. However, in most instances the implicated common variants identified so far explain only a modest fraction of the genetic risk. In parallel to our efforts to identify the causative variants in the known loci it is necessary to assess the full spectrum of sequence variants for disease risk and in particular low frequency and rare variants that have not been tested in a comprehensive way so far. To this end an international effort by investigators who have performed whole exome sequencing in circa 12,000 individuals have assembled a set of ~250,000 exonic variants of low frequency – defined as seen in at least two studies and a minimum of three individuals (non-sysnonymous) or two individuals for SNPs altering splice sites / stop codons. The SNP content from the exome studies was complemented with additional interesting SNP sets totalling 25,000 markers (GWA tag SNPs, grid of common variants, HLA, Mitochondrial, Y-chromosome etc) and were used to generate a custom iSELECT array, the exome chip. Adequately powered association studies to test low frequency variants for association to disease risk are still very expensive if conducted by whole exome sequencing. The exome chip provides a cost efficient way to undertake such an experiment and the Wellcome Trust Cases Control Consortium will be applying this approach to eight diseases, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar, and ankylosing spondylitis. The first objective will be to generate a large set of at least 10,000 common UK controls as analysis of lower frequency variants will require large sample sizes. This includes ~6000 samples from the 1958 Birth Cohort.

  Study EGAS00001000584

• scRNA seq and scTCR seq data from 5 melanoma patients

  The Chromium Controller and Chromium X platfor of 10X Genomics were used for single cell partitioning and barcoding. Each cell's transcriptome was barcoded during reverse transcription, pooled cDNA was amplified and Single Cell 5' Gene Expression (GEX), V(D)J and Feature Barcode (FB) Libraries were prepared according to the manufacturer's protocols (CG000330 and CG000331, 10X Genomics). All libraries were quantified and normalized on library QC data generated on the Bioanalyzer system according to manufacturer's protocols (G2938-90321 and G2938-90024, Agilent Technologies). Based on the expected target cell counts, a balanced library sub-pool of samples was compsed for SC5'GEX, V(D)J and FB libraries. Library sub-pools were quantified by qPCR, accodring to the KAPA Library Quantification Kit Illumina(R) Platforms protocol (KR0405, KAPA Biosystems). Based on qPCR results a final sequencing pool was composed. Paired end sequencing was performed on a NovaSeq 6000 Instrument (Illumina) using NovaSeq 6000 Reagent Kits v1.5 100 cycles (cat. no. 20028401, 20028319, 20028316 Illumina), using 28 cycles for Read 1, 10 cycles for Read i7, 10 cycles for Read i5 and 90 cycles for Read 2.

  Dataset EGAD50000001155

• Impact of mutational profiles on response of primary oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers to oestrogen deprivation

  Presurgical studies allow study of the relationship between mutations and response of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) but have been limited to small biopsies. Here in Phase I of this study, we perform exome sequencing on baseline, surgical core-cuts and blood from 60 patients (40 AI treated, 20 Controls). In poor responders (based on Ki67 change) we find significantly more somatic mutations than good responders. Subclones exclusive to baseline or surgical cores   occur in approximately 30% of tumours. In Phase II we combine targeted sequencing on another 28 treated patients with Phase I. We find six genes frequently mutated: PIK3CA, TP53, CDH1, MLL3, ABCA13 and FLG with 71% concordance between paired cores. TP53 mutations are associated with poor response. We conclude that multiple biopsies are essential for confident mutational profiling of ER+ breast cancer and TP53 mutations are associated with resistance to oestrogen deprivation therapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001002651

• Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE)

  The STRRIDE study is the combination of three interventional trials to evaluate dose and intensity of physical activity on cardiometabolic health. The three component studies are Peripheral Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Health (STRRIDE I, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00200993), Effects of Resistence and Aerobic Exercise on Cardiovascular Health (STRRIDE II, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00275145) and Exercise Dose-Response Effects in Prediabetes (STRRIDE-PD, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00962962).

  Study phs001855

• Targeted sequencing of 72 prostate cancer driver in 712 plasma cell free DNA samples

  Dataset contains targeted sequencing data of 712 plasma cell free DNA samples and 428 white blood cell samples collected from 428 men with metastatic prostate cancer. Target capture was performed using a hydridization-based custom Roche SeqCap EZ Choice kit, designed to capture all exons of 72 prostate cancer driver genes. Cell free DNA was extracted from 10 mL blood samples. Libraries were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2500 or Illumina MiSeq instruments to a median coverage of 750x. 62% of samples had ctDNA fraction above 2% of total cfDNA. Note that "Dataset type" is erroneously listed as "Amplicon sequencing", because "Captured-based targeted sequencing" or "Hybridization-based targeted sequencing" were not available options in EGA at the time of submission.

  Dataset EGAD00001004208