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• RNA-seq BAM files from newborn screening dried blood spot samples

  Paired-end RNA-seq BAM files from 21 newborn screening dried blood spot (DBS) samples. These DBS samples were obtained from extremely low gestional age newborns, where 10 of them were affected by a fetal inflammatory response (FIR) before birth, and 11 were unaffected. Total RNA was sequenced using an Illumina NextSeq-500 instrument. The sample preparation protocol included the depletion of rRNA and globin mRNA using the Globin Zero Gold rRNA Removal Kit from Illumina. Libraries were prepared using the NebNext Ultra TM II Directionl RNA LIbrary Prep Kit (New England Biolabs). There is one BAM file per sample and there is an additional BAM file, corresponding to sample BS13, which was downsampled to 1/4 of its original depth (see BS13_README file for details).

  Dataset EGAD00001005009

• Complete DNA/RNA sequencing dataset for Australian ICGC ovarian cancer sequencing project 2014-07-07

  Complete WGS and RNA-Seq dataset for Australian ICGC ovarian cancer sequencing project 2014-07-07, representing 93 donors. Sequencing was performed on Illumina HiSeq. Alignment of the lane-level fastq data was performed with bwa (WGS data) and RSEM (transcriptome data). For this dataset lane-level .bam files have been merged and de-duplicated to create a single bam file for each sample type (tumour/normal) for each donor. This dataset supersedes all previous datasets for this study. 2016-08-08 updated with 14 outstanding RNA-seq samples & corresponding RSEM bams 2016-12-07 updated with 7 outstanding RNA-seq controls and corresponding RSEM bams

  Dataset EGAD00001000877

• BAM files: Brain transcriptome of hereditary cerebral haemorrhage with amyloidosis–Dutch type (HCHWA-D)

  cDNA depleted RNA (500ng total RNA input) was fragmented to 150-200 nucleotides in first strand buffer for 3 minutes at 94°C. Random hexamer primed first strand was generated in presence of dATP, dGTP, dCTP and cTTP. Second strand was generated using dUTP instead of dTTP to tag the second strand. Subsequent steps to generate the sequencing libraries were performed with the KAPA HTP Library Preparation Kit for Illumina sequencing with minor modifications, i.e., after indexed adapter ligation to the dsDNA fragments, the library was treated with USER enzyme (NEB_M5505L) in order to digest the second strand derived fragments. After amplification of the libraries, samples with unique sample indexes were pooled and sequenced paired-end 2x50bp on a HiSeq2500 system following standard Illumina guidelines.

  Dataset EGAD00001003806

• Whole exome sequencing for clarification of rare causes of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (2017-08-16)

  The project is focused on the axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. We have selected 13 families (7 from Spain and 6 from Czech Republic) that have been indepth clinically assessed and previously tested for mutations in known CMT genes without causal variants characterised. In these patients we expect to discover several CMT2 genes. Thus, we requested for exome sequencing of 45 DNAs:27 exomes in families from Spain and 18 exomes in the families from Czech Republic. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/ This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2017-08-16.

  Dataset EGAD00001003565

• Shallow whole genome sequencing

  This dataset contains a collection of tumour samples from high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patients with recurrent disease collected near the point of diagnosis as well as tumour samples collected after patient relapse upon or some time after study entry. The majority of diagnosis samples were preserved in neutral buffered formalin whereas the majority of post-relapse samples were preserved in universal molecular fixative (UMFIX, Sakura Finetek USA, Inc). DNA was extracted and whole genome sequencing libraries were prepared either using the TruSeq DNA Nano kit (Illumina) or the ThruPLEX DNA-Seq Kit (Takara Bio), which were respectively sequenced at low depth (~0.1-0.5X) on illumina HiSeq 2500 and HiSeq 4000 sequencing platforms. Sequenced reads were aligned to the GRCh37 reference genome (release hs37d5).

  Dataset EGAD00001011049

• single-cell RNA-seq Case-Control study of children progressing to Type1 diabetes

  It was a single-cell RNA sequencing study on the PBMC samples from four Finnish children at risk of developing Type 1 diabetes and their gender age and HLA matched control children. All four Case children were positive for multiple islet specific autoantibodies and two of them also progressed to clinical disease during the follow up whereas the control children remain negative for all autoantibodies. Single-cell analysis confirmed some of the signatures obtained from the bulk data. It identified that high IL32 in case samples in the bulk RNA-seq was contributed mainly by activated T cells and NK cells. Trajectory analysis of the scRNA-seq data suggested that IL32 expression increased as the T cells moved towards activated state.

  Dataset EGAD00001005768

• Genome Diversity in Africa Project - ancient samples - standard libraries

  Given the central importance of Africa to studies of human origins, genetic diversity and disease susceptibility, large-scale and representative characterisation of genetic diversity in Africa is needed. Analyses of ancient DNA from Africa would complement sequencing of modern African populations and provide unique opportunities to transform our understanding of the pre-history of the region. This approach would greatly refine our understanding of population structure and gene flow in Africa and globally, including genetic signatures of ancient admixture. This low coverage sequencing experiment will allow us to test and refine our pipeline for ancient DNA sequencing. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001002211

• Genomic Evolution of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Relapse

  Recurrent breast cancer is almost universally fatal. We characterize 170 patients locally relapsed or distant metastatic cancers using massively parallel sequencing. We identify that the relapse-seeding clone disseminates late from the primary tumor. TP53 and AKT1 appear to be enriched in ER-positive cancers predisposed to relapse. Mutation acquisition continues at relapse as the same mutation signatures continue to operate and new signatures, such as that caused by radiotherapy appear de novo. In 49% of cases we identify drivers mutations private to the relapse and these are sampled from a wider range of cancer genes, including SWI-SNF complex and JAK-STAT signaling.

  Dataset EGAD00001002696

• Evaluation of protocols for rRNA depletion-based RNA sequencing of nanogram inputs of mammalian total RNA

  Next generation RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) is a flexible approach that can be applied to e.g. global quantification of transcript expression, the characterization of RNA structure such as splicing patterns and profiling of expressed mutations. Many RNA-seq protocols require up to microgram levels of total RNA input amounts to generate high quality data, and thus remain impractical for the limited starting material amounts typically obtained from rare cell populations, such as those from early developmental stages or from laser micro-dissected clinical samples. Here, we present an assessment of the contemporary ribosomal RNA depletion-based protocols, and identify those that are suitable for inputs as low as 1-10 ng of intact total RNA and 100-500 ng of partially degraded RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

  Dataset EGAD00001005316

• Cannabis impacts female fertility as evidenced by an in vitro investigation and a case-control study

  Single immature human oocytes were cultured in vitro (24h) either under control, THC1 () or THC2 (100 ng/mL Δ9-THC, 50 ng/mL 11-OH-THC, 200 ng/mL 11-COOH-THC) conditions. Oocytes were collected and subjected to SmartSeq v4 cDNA conversion, library prep (Nextera XT)), and sequencing (NovaSeq S4). The goal of this study was to determine the impact of THC on the human oocyte transcriptome.

  Study EGAS50000001052

• Exploring the evolution of atypical fibroxanthoma to pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: a genomic and pharmacological insight

  The study includes an integrated genomic and pharmacological analysis of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and its progression to pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), two rare cutaneous mesenchymal tumors with overlapping clinical and histological features but distinct prognostic profiles. The findings will shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this progression and provide preliminary evidence for potential therapeutic vulnerabilities, particularly in the context of targeted and immune-based approaches.

  Study EGAS50000001741

• Effect of inflammation on human hematopoietic stem cells in a xenograft model

  Transcriptional heterogeneity in cord blood HSCs was investigated by 10X single-cell Multiome (RNA+ATAC). To investigate the effect of inflammatory stress on human HSC, 10X single-cell Multiome profiling of cells from xenografted mice recovered from repeated inflammatory challenge was performed. To investigate transmission of inflammatory stress-related molecular programs from HSC to their progeny, 10X single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on committed progenitor and myeloid cells from the same mice.

  Study EGAS50000001624

• PTEN homozygous deletion is a negative prognostic factor in Tumor Treating Fields-treated glioblastoma, IDH wildtype patients

  This study investigates genomic determinants of outcome in glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype patients treated with Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in addition to standard radiochemotherapy. Tumor tissue from primary glioblastoma at initial diagnosis was profiled using the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) targeted sequencing panel to characterise somatic alterations. The overarching goal is to provide exploration of genomic determinants of survival and treatment response in TTFields-treated glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype.

  Study EGAS50000001469

• EuroTARGET is a European study on mRCC, collecting clinical data, germline DNA, and tumor samples.

  For patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC), treatment choice is mainly based on clinical parameters. With many treatments available and the limited response to treatment and associated toxicities, there is much interest in identifying better biomarkers for personalized treatment. EuroTARGET aims to identify and characterize host- and tumor-related biomarkers for prediction of response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in mRCC. Here, we describe the EuroTARGET mRCC patient cohort.

  Study EGAS50000000798

• The Transcriptional Landscape of SHH Medulloblastoma

  To further understand the biology of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma and its molecular subtypes, we studied 250 human Shh-MB using strand-specific RNA sequencing. We identified novel alterations within the cAMP dependent pathway and found that 18% of tumors have genetic events that directly target the abundance and/or stability of MYCN. We also discovered an extensive network of fusions in focally amplified regions, and several loss-of-function fusions in tumor suppressor genes PTCH, SUFU and NCOR1. Molecular convergence on a core of specific genes by nucleotide variants, copy number aberrations, and gene fusions highlights key roles of specific pathways in the pathogenesis of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma.

  Dataset EGAD00001006305

• CIDR: NCI Genome Wide Predictors of Survival in Colorectal Cancer

  CIDR/Molecular Correlates: This study genotyped archived blood samples from colorectal cancer cases participating in clinical trials. The goals of this project were to identify genetic variants associated with survival outcomes treatment and treatment-related severe adverse events among patients with colorectal cancer. Another goal was to examine the impact of adding information on germline genetic loci to existing prognostic models. MOSAIC: Multicenter International Study of Oxaliplatin/ 5FU-LV in the Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer (MOSAIC). A randomized, open label efficacy trial to evaluate the FOLFOX regimen versus LV5FU2 in the adjuvant treatment of stage II and III colon cancer. The primary end point was disease-free survival. CPT.ES1.604: Randomized phase 3 study of weekly irinotecan plus high-dose 5-fluorouracil (FUIRI) versus biweekly irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFIRI) as first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic CRC. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a regimen without leucovorin (LV) (FUIRI) is not inferior to the standard FOLFIRI (response rate). 03-TTD-01: The purpose of this phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination therapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) vs. oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in continous infusion (5-FU CI) as first line treatment in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. The primary outcome measure is time to disease progression. Secondary outcome measures are to determine safety of combination, objective response rate, time to onset of response, duration of response, time to treatment failure, one year survival time, and overall survival time. 03-TTD-01: The purpose of this phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination therapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) vs. oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in continous infusion (5-FU CI) as first line treatment in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. The primary outcome measure is time to disease progression. Secondary outcome measures are to determine safety of combination, objective response rate, time to onset of response, duration of response, time to treatment failure, one year survival time, and overall survival time. N0147: Randomized phase III clinical trial for adjuvant therapy in stage III colon cancer patients enrolled at institutions across North America. Originally designed to compare three different chemotherapy regimens, and then later expanded to evaluate adding cetuximab to each original arm (leading to six total arms). Further modification later added pre-screening for KRAS mutation status, with the resulting goal to assess the potential benefit of cetuximab added to the modified sixth version of the FOLFOX regimen (mFOLFOX6) in patients with resected stage III wild-type KRAS colon cancer. Main outcome of interest is disease-free survival in patients with wild-type KRAS, while secondary end points included overall survival and toxicity. N9741: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of various combination chemotherapy regimens in treating patients who have advanced, recurrent, or metastatic colorectal cancer that cannot be treated with surgery or radiation therapy. C-08: A Phase III Clinical Trial Comparing Infusional 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) Every Two Weeks With Bevacizumab to the Same Regimen Without Bevacizumab For the Treatment of Patients With Resected Stages II and III Carcinoma of the Colon. The primary aim of the trial was to compare the relative efficacy of mFOLFOX6 + bevacizumab with that of mFOLFOX6 alone in prolonging disease-free survival and the secondary aim was to compare the relative efficacy of mFOLFOX6 + bevacizumab with that of mFOLFOX6 alone in prolonging survival.

  Study phs001290

• T2D-GENES Project 2: San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies

  The Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Genetic Exploration by Next-generation sequencing in Ethnic Samples (T2D-GENES) Consortium is a collaborative international effort to identify genes influencing susceptibility to T2D in multiple ethnic groups using next generation sequencing. T2D-GENES Project 2 is a complex pedigree-based study designed to identify low frequency or rare variants influencing susceptibility to T2D, using whole genome sequence (WGS) information from 1,043 individuals in 20 Mexican American T2D-enriched pedigrees from San Antonio, Texas. The major objectives of this study are to identify low frequency or rare variants in and around known common variant signals for T2D, as well as to find novel low frequency or rare variants influencing susceptibility to T2D. The sampled individuals are obtained from two studies: the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS) and the San Antonio Family Diabetes/Gallbladder Study (SAFDGS), collectively referred to as the San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS). The strategy is to sequence approximately 600 individuals at an average of 50x coverage across the entire genome, then impute genome wide genotypes for about 440 additional family members. The 600 sequenced individuals are specifically chosen for their value in imputing sequence information into other family members. By studying large pedigrees, we expect to find multiple individuals carrying each genetic variant, even if this variant is very rare in the population at large. Thus, a pedigree-based approach provides an excellent opportunity for identifying rare novel variants influencing risk of T2D and quantitative variation in T2D-related phenotypes. The whole genome sequencing has been done commercially by Complete Genomics, Inc. (CGI). The final data set includes whole genome sequence data for 607 individuals. After quality control, 585 sequenced individuals provide data for family based imputation, using Merlin linkage analysis software, into approximately 440 additional family members for whom chip based genotypes are available to indicate which parental haplotype is transmitted. Extensive phenotype data is provided for 1048 individuals. These include 5 sequenced individuals who do not belong to any of the 20 large pedigrees. Phenotype information was collected between 1991 and 2011 in the two contributing longitudinal studies. SAFHS participants may have information from up to 5 visits, and SAFDGS participants may have up to 4 visits. The clinical variables reported are coordinated with T2D-GENES Project 1 (multi-ethnic exome sequencing) and include T2D status and age at diagnosis, glycemic traits (fasting and 2 hour glucose and insulin), blood pressure, blood lipids (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, calculated LDL cholesterol and triglycerides), clinical chemistry (cystatin c, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody titer (GadAb), creatinine, adiponectin and leptin). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was not measured for these individuals and insulin C-peptide is not included in this data set. Additional phenotype data include the medication status at each visit, classified in four categories as any current use of diabetes, hypertension or lipid-lowering medications, and, for females, current use of female hormones. Anthropometric measurements include age, sex, height, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference and derived ratios. Each phenotype variable has an initial summary column containing the most recent non-missing measurement for each individual, followed by the five potential time points for each individual, the number of non-missing measurements, and the age and year for the most recent non-missing measurement. For historical reasons, the order in which variables are presented on the dbGaP web site differs from their order in the data download file. When reading the comment fields for each variable, please note that commas are omitted to support data exchange in .csv format.

  Study phs000462

• National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA): Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR) Genome-Wide Genotyping

  The Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) is a multisite observational cohort study that recruited a large cohort of geographically diverse participants. Enrollment of participants began in late 2004 at five (one domestic and four international) sites, in which all groups used the same protocol-directed methods to provide uniform evaluations; collect oral, ocular, and rheumatologic data; and collect specimens. The sites were located at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Rigshopitalet (formerly at Glostrup Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark; Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; King's College, London, UK (joined in 2007); and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). In 2009, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA were added as additional SICCA sites. UCSF is the coordinating center for SICCA. All specimens and data collected for SICCA are housed at UCSF. To facilitate the research focused on understanding the genetics of Sjögren'sSjögren's syndrome, high-density SNP genotype data and SICCA clinical information are being made available to the research community. This includes participants recruited from all SICCA research groups (RG). These participants (3,382), blood relatives (439), and unrelated healthy controls (25) had their whole blood or saliva sample (Oragene) extracted for DNA for the GWAS at the UCSF DNA Bank. Eighty eight percent of the participants are women, most are of European or Asian ancestry and the median age is 55. To assess potential batch effects when doing case-control comparisons using planned external controls, 30 DNA samples from each of three studies were genotyped with SICCA DNA samples: The Genetic Architecture of Smoking and Smoking Cessation - Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence (COGEND) - PI: Laura Bierut. NEI-Age-related disease study (AREDS) - Genetic Variation in Refractive Error Substudy - PI: Dwight Stambolian. Controls from the National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH's) Human Genetics Initiative. Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia - PI: Pablo V. Gejman. Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia - nonGAIN Sample (MGS_nonGAIN) - PI: Pablo V. Gejman. Genotyping was performed at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Data quality control, dbGaP preparation and posting, and imputation to 1000 Genomes to increase SNP density was performed by the Center for Biomedical Statistics at the University of Washington. Data analysis was performed at UCSF using software PLINK, EIGENSOFT, and SNPTEST.

  Study phs000672

• Genetics of Human Inherited Retinal Diseases (GHIRD)

  The goal of this project is to identify novel mutations and genes involved in human retinal disorders, a stated priority of the National Eye Institute. To accomplish this, additional genes whose mutations cause inherited retinal diseases (IRD) will be identified by combining targeted gene panel sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing. We have collected about 1050 patient families around the world. In this proposal, we will identify the underlying mutations in these patients using a combination of targeted gene panel sequencing, whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, bioinformatics, statistics, and functional studies. Genes targeted for gene panel sequencing are: ABCA4; ASIC2; JAG1; ABCC6; ARL3; ATP1B2; BBS1; BBS2; BBS4; OPN1SW; CAPN5; C21orf2; CA4; CACNA1F; CDH3; CHM; ERCC8; CLCN2; CLCN3; CLCN7; TPP1; CLN3; CLN5; CNGB1; CNGA1; CNGA3; COL2A1; COL9A1; COL11A1; CRX; VCAN; CTSD; TIMM8A; DMD; CLN8; ERCC6; EFEMP1; OPN1MW; GNAT1; GNAT2; GNGT1; GRM6; GUCA1A; GUCA1B; GUCY2F; GUCY2D; HARS; CFH; HK1; IDH3B; IMPDH1; IMPG1; KCNJ13; KIF11; LRP5; MAK; MITF; TRPM1; MTTP; MVK; MYO7A; NDP; NEK2; NEUROD1; NPHP1; NRL; OAT; OPA1; OTX2; PAX2; PAX6; PDCL; PCYT1A; PDE6A; PDE6C; PDE6G; PDE6H; PDE6B; PEX1; PEX6; PEX7; PEX10; PEX12; PEX13; PEX14; PFDN5; PGK1; PHYH; PIN1; PLA2G5; PPT1; PRKCZ; PEX19; PEX2; PEX5; RB1; RBP3; RBP4; OPN1LW; RDH5; PRPH2; RGR; RHO; GRK1; RLBP1; ROM1; RP9; RP1; RP2; RPGR; RPE65; RS1; SAG; ATXN7; CCL2; SLC6A6; ELOVL4; TEAD1; NR2F1; TIMP3; NR2E1; TTPA; TUB; TULP1; UCHL3; USH2A; CLRN1; VLDLR; BEST1; WFS1; ALMS1; MKKS; FZD4; OFD1; PEX3; CTSF; GBF1; ADAM9; RGS9; PEX11B; PROM1; UNC119; PRPF4; PRPF3; AIFM1; SLC24A1; LRAT; ASIC3; RAB28; PEX16; ITM2B; SLC4A7; IQCB1; CROCC; IFT140; DHX38; MFN2; NR2E3; USH1C; TOPORS; MERTK; FBLN5; CIB2; PRPF8; SDCCAG8; IFT27; TREX1; RRAS2; CEP164; ATF6; TRIM32; RIMS1; SNRNP200; CLUAP1; EMC1; ZNF423; TTLL5; AGTPBP1; RPGRIP1L; CRB1; TSPAN12; ARL2BP; AIPL1; PRPF6; FSCN2; ABHD12; PRPF31; TCTN3; IFT172; CNNM4; NPHP3; INVS; BBS9; FLVCR1; RDH8; IMPG2; WDPCP; RDH11; TMEM216; TMEM138; LZTFL1; CNGB3; AHI1; MKS1; CLN6; BBS7; POMGNT1; PEX26; SPATA7; KIZ; KLHL7; INPP5E; MDM1; CABP4; RPGRIP1; MCOLN1; CC2D2A; KIAA1549; SLC7A14; WDR19; NYX; CDH23; SEMA4A; MPP5; NMNAT1; TMEM237; PCDH15; C5orf42; GNPTAB; TMEM231; TCTN1; SRD5A3; BBS10; ZNF408; TTC21B; CSPP1; LPCAT1; DHDDS; PDZD7; PANK2; CEP290; OPA3; DNAJC5; PITPNM3; MFRP; HMCN1; ADGRV1; ARL6; FAM161A; TMEM126A; GNPTG; GJA10; RAX2; TUBGCP6; TMEM67; ACBD5; C12orf65; CDHR1; BBIP1; REEP6; CACNA2D4; RP1L1; CEP41; C1QTNF5; NXNL1; TTC8; USH1G; BBS5; ZNF513; RDH12; SLC38A8; C8orf37; VPS13B; NXNL2; BBS12; ADGRA3; LCA5; KCNV2; ADAMTS18; ARL13B; ATOH7; MFSD8; NPHP4; CCDC66; CYP4V2; CRB2; RD3; LRIT3; EYS; KIF7; CERKL; RGS9BP; C2orf71; GDF6; DTHD1; GPR179; CISD2; CCR2; PRCD; WHRN; ADGRA3. The current dbGaP study release makes available all sequencing-derived vcf data of study participants.

  Study phs001517

• Women's Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study

  Study population The WECARE Study is an international multicenter population-based case-control study of cases with asynchronous contralateral breast cancer (CBC) and individually matched controls with unilateral breast cancer (UBC). Recruitment and data collection for the WECARE Study were conducted in two phases, herein referred to as WECARE I (2001–2004) and WECARE II (2009–2012). The study design of the first phase (WECARE I) has been described in detail elsewhere [Bernstein JL, et al 2004, PMID: 15084244]; the second phase (WECARE II) employed a nearly identical approach [Langballe R, et al 2016, PMID: 27400983]. Participants in each phase were identified through eight population-based cancer registries, including six in the United States that contribute to the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program: Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program; Cancer Surveillance System of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (Seattle region, WA); State Health Registry of Iowa; Cancer Surveillance Program of Orange County/San Diego-Imperial Organization for Cancer Control (Orange County/San Diego, CA); the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry (San Francisco Bay Area region and Santa Clara region, CA); and the Sacramento and Sierra Center Registry (Sacramento region, CA). Participants were additionally identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry (Canada) and the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Registry, supplemented by data from the Danish Cancer Registry. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review or regulatory ethics boards at each study site. Data collection Study participants were interviewed by telephone using a structured questionnaire aimed at evaluating known or suspected breast cancer risk factors, including personal demographics, medical history, menstrual and reproductive history, family history of cancer, use of hormones, smoking, and alcohol intake. Risk factor status was assessed during the period prior to first diagnosis, as well as between first diagnosis and reference date (i.e., the at-risk period for CBC). Detailed data on treatment and tumor characteristics were obtained directly from cancer registry records or by abstracting medical records, including pathology and surgical reports, radiation oncology clinic notes, and systemic adjuvant treatment data. Complete medical treatment history information was collected, and for all women who received radiotherapy, the radiation dose to the contralateral breast was reconstructed using radiotherapy records and radiation measurements. Biospecimens were collected from study participants for genotyping: blood collected from WECARE I women; and saliva collected from WECARE II women.

  Study phs003945

• DNA Methylation Markers and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in 3 Cohort Studies (NHS, PHS, HPFS)

  Pancreatic cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer deaths in the US. Due to the lack of early symptoms, pancreatic cancer is difficult to identify at early stages and no screening is available for the general population. Identifying pancreatic cancer at earlier stages could significantly improve survival with increased opportunities for surgery. New high-dimensional arrays designed to measure DNA methylation levels at hundreds of thousands of CpG sites throughout the genome have opened opportunities to examine the role of DNA methylation in cancer risk using blood samples. Using this method, archived samples from prospective studies can be used to examine early changes in the DNA methylation levels in individuals who develop cancer months or years later, providing new opportunities to better understand biological mechanisms and, perhaps, identify biomarkers for early detection. Pancreatic cancer cases and matched controls were obtained from 3 large cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), the Physician's Health Study (PHS), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), to measure DNA methylation in stored buffy coats using a nested case-control study design.

  Study phs001917

• Rare Disease Susceptibility Variant Study in Children with Crohn's Disease and Their Parents Using Targeted Gene Sequencing.

  We performed targeted, massively-parallel sequencing of 101 genes in 205 children with Crohn's disease, including 179 parent-child trios and 200 controls, both of European ancestry. We identified three genes with nominally significant p-values: NOD2, RTKN2, and MGAT3. Only NOD2 was significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. We identified eight novel rare variants in NOD2 that are likely disease-associated. Incorporation of rare variation and compound heterozygosity nominally increased the proportion of variance explained from 0.074 to 0.089. We estimated the population attributable risk and total heritability of variation in NOD2 to be 32.9% and 3.4%, respectively, with 3.7% and 0.25% accounted for by rare putatively functional variants. Sequencing probands (as opposed to genotyping) to identify rare variants and incorporating phase by sequencing parents can recover a portion of the missing heritability of Crohn's disease. (Reprinted from G3 2018;8(9): 2881-2888; PMID: 30166421. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

  Study phs001751

• Studies in the Natural History and Pathogenesis of Childhood-Onset and Adult-Onset Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

  The present study compares transcript and protein regulation in peripheral blood of adult and juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) patients vs. healthy control subjects to identify novel pathways in active patients under treatment. Whole blood data is submitted representing transcript and protein expression, including 14 adult DM and 11 juvenile DM (JDM) patients, and 11 healthy pediatric controls. Whole blood RNA was examined using Affymetrix Human U133 Plus 2.0, and whole blood protein measurements were obtained using SOMAscan Assay v3.2 aptamer-based DNA probes.Expression of 1,124 gene loci were significantly altered at the transcript or protein levels across DM or JDM, with 70 genes shared. A subset of interferon-stimulated genes was elevated. Innate immune markers specific to neutrophil granules and neutrophil extracellular traps were up-regulated in both DM and JDM. Pathway analysis revealed up-regulation of PI3K/AKT, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling. Up-regulated components shared by DM and JDM included: cytokine:receptor pairs LGALS9:HAVCR2, LTF/NAMPT/S100A8/HSPA1A:TLR4, CSF2:CSF2RA, EPO:EPOR, FGF2/FGF8:FGFR; several Bcl-2 components; and numerous glycolytic enzymes. Pathways unique to DM included sirtuin signaling, aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, protein ubiquitination, and granzyme B signaling.

  Study phs003270

• Circulating RNA profiles of healthy and preeclamptic pregnancies

  This prospective study investigated whether circulating RNA (C-RNA; cell free RNA present in the bloodstream) measurements could non-invasively monitor pregnancy status, with emphasis on detecting molecular markers associated with preterm preeclampsia. Whole blood samples were collected from pregnant women at the time of diagnosis with early-onset preeclampsia with severe features. Blood samples were also obtained normotypical control pregnancies and from patients diagnosed with late-onset preeclampsia for comparison. For all samples, C-RNA was extracted from 4 mL blood and whole transcriptome enrichment performed on cDNA libraries prior to sequencing to a target depth of 50M reads on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Throughout the course of this work, whole transcriptome RNA sequencing data was obtained from 289 C-RNA samples collected from 178 subjects. The complete dataset consists of samples from the following cohorts: Illumina Preeclampsia Cohort (iPEC): 40 pregnancies at the time of early-onset preeclampsia diagnosis and 73 gestational age-matched controls PEARL preeclampsia cohort: 12 early-onset and 12 late-onset preeclampsia patients PEARL healthy control cohort: 152 longitundinal samples collected from 41 healthy pregnancies

  Study phs002017

• Epigenomes and Transcriptomes of Brain Samples of Schizophrenics and Controls

  We examined the effects of antipsychotic medications on the cell-specific epigenomics and transcriptomics in the frontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects. We performed ChIP-seq (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) and RNA-seq on neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei of postmortem frontal cortex samples from two cohorts of schizophrenics, either previously treated or not with antipsychotic medications, and control subjects individually matched by sex and age. In total, we tested 29 schizophrenics (15 untreated and 14 treated patients) and their matched control samples. Two replicates were produced on each brain sample for each assay. ChIP-seq data were generated using MOWChIP-seq (Zhu et al., PMID: 31666743) and RNA-seq data were produced using the combination of SMART-seq2 (Picelli et al., PMID: 24385147) and a Nextera XT DNA library preparation kit. The filename contains the information on the experimental group, the number of the sample within the group, the type of the brain nuclei, the epigenomic/transcriptomic data set (either H3K27ac or mRNA), and the number of replicate. For example, “SCZ-1-untreated-neuron-H3K4me3-R1” refers untreated schizophrenic sample #1, replicate 1 ChIP-seq data on H3K4me3.

  Study phs002487

• Clonal Evolution and Transcriptomic Analysis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib

  Disease progression has been increasingly appreciated with the use of ibrutinib to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Understanding the pattern of clonal evolution and transcriptomic changes during the early treatment period with ibrutinib may provide insight into the mechanisms of resistance. We performed whole exome sequencing on sequential samples with matched germline controls from 61 patients with CLL during the first 12 months of ibrutinib monotherapy or ibrutinib in combination with rituximab. Additionally, RNA sequencing was done on a subset of 14 patients treated with ibrutinib monotherapy. The presence of clonal shifts was associated with an increased risk of disease progression, suggesting that resistant clones are more likely to emerge in CLL with greater evolutionary capacity.This cohort was later augmented with additional data (including data from 15 additional patients). In total, this second set of data contained whole exome sequencing (31 samples), RNA sequencing (6 samples) and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (67 samples) for CLL samples and used them to identify expression subtypes of CLL. In an integrative analysis of genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic data, incorporating known and newly identified subtypes of CLL, we built new models to improve patient prognostication.

  Study phs001473

• Experimental PfSPZ Vaccine in Adults Without Malaria

  The study was performed to evaluate whole-blood transcriptomic profiles via RNA-seq before, during, and after immunization with the PfSPZ Vaccine in malaria-naïve, healthy adults enrolled in VRC 312 (NCT01441167). VRC 312 was the second study of the PfSPZ Vaccine and the first study to evaluate intravenous (IV) administration of this vaccine. The study was an open-label evaluation of the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the vaccine at successively higher administered by the IV route. The highest dosages were evaluated for protection against a malaria challenge after 4 to 6 vaccinations. The primary objectives of the study were related to the safety and tolerability of the vaccine at the 4 different dosage levels when administered IV; the secondary objectives were related to PfSPZ vaccine-mediated protection against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) challenge at the 3 higher dosage levels, and the exploratory objectives were related to the immunogenicity of the PfSPZ Vaccine and defining an immune correlate of protection. To further determine potential molecular correlates of immunogenicity and/or protection, RNA-seq was performed on whole blood collected from subjects in all dose groups at time points before, during, and after immunization.

  Study phs002422

• Whole Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing in Sporadic ALS

  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a fatal and devastating neurodegenerative disorder that causes the progressive death of upper and lower motor neurons. Although many efforts have been done to elucidate molecular factors involved in the onset and progression of the disorder, the causes of ALS are yet unknown and undefined. Transcriptome studies, based mostly on microarrays, have revealed multiple perturbations of the motor neuron function, supporting the current idea that several cellular events contribute to the pathobiology of the disease, including mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced apoptosis, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, free radical injury, protein misfolding, abnormal calcium metabolism and altered axonal transport. In the present study, we have deeply sequenced the whole transcriptome of ventral horns of the human lumbar spinal cord from matched control and ALS post-mortem donors. Whole exome sequencing from the same donors has also been performed to exclude known genetic variants associated to the familiar form of ALS. In addition, to characterize the ALS transcriptome we have sequenced the RNA fraction at low molecular weight in the same tissues and individuals. Genomic and transcriptomic reads have been generated using the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencer.

  Study phs000747

• Characterizing TP53 and PPM1D Mutations as Resistance Drivers to Radiation Therapy in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas

  Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), encompassing diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) and hemispheric tumors, represent the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in children age 0-14 years. Over the last decade, several landmark papers have revealed recurrent single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the core histones H3.3 and H3.1, co-occurring with alterations in the TP53 signaling pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). However, the contribution of structural variants (SVs) to gliomagenesis has not been systematically explored. We performed a comprehensive analysis of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data on pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) from 179 children, including 61 hemispheric tumors and 118 diffuse midline gliomas, or DMGs, of which 61 are novel to this study. Among the DMGs, 84 (71%) were from pre-treatment biopsies including 33 obtained from the first multi-institutional North American clinical trial to incorporate diagnostic biopsies. This represents the largest cohort of pretreatment DMGs with whole genome sequencing to date. This large cohort of whole genome sequences provides an unparalleled opportunity to assess significantly recurrent structural variants in pHGG and their associations with driver SNVs and SCNAs. 

  Study phs002380

• Genomic Data Archive From the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors With Diabetes

  The Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) is the largest biorepository of human pancreata from organ donors with type 1 diabetes (T1D), maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, and islet autoantibody positive (AAb+)/pre-T1D. The mission of the nPOD is to distribute biospecimens and associated de-identified data/metadata to an international researcher network, and to promote the development of new treatments for these diabetes conditions. Here, we describe the release of high-parameter genotyping data for the nPOD cohort. Specifically, 372 subjects were genotyped using a customized precision medicine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray (UFDIchip). These data were technically validated using published algorithms to evaluate donor relatedness, ancestry, imputed HLA, and T1D genetic risk score. Additionally, 207 subjects were queried for rare known and novel coding region variants via whole exome sequencing (WES). These data are now publicly available, enabling genotype-selected sample requests and the study of novel genotype : phenotype associations, ultimately to explain diabetes heterogeneity and inform precision medicine strategies to interrupt diabetes pathogenesis.

  Study phs002861

• NCI Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Renal Cell Carcinoma

  The National Cancer Institute (NCI) expanded genome-wide association study (GWAS) of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was a 2nd GWAS of this cancer performed by NCI to further investigate common genetic variants associated with RCC risk. The GWAS includes 2,781 cases and 2,940 controls of European background from 13 studies conducted in the US and Finland (10 cohorts, 2 case series, 1 hospital biorepository), scanned using the Illumina OmniExpress and Omni2.5 SNP arrays. SNP-level results from this GWAS were combined by meta-analysis with results from the earlier NCI RCC GWAS (phs000351.v1.p1; 1,311 cases and 3,424 controls) and others conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (scan 1: 2,438 cases and 5,071 controls; scan 2: 2,781 cases and 2,940 controls), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (893 cases and 556 controls) and the Institute for Cancer Research, UK (944 cases and 4,024 controls). Only data from the second NCI scan are included in this dbGaP submission. Data from 239 cases and 229 controls from this scan will be deposited in dbGaP separately under the Women's Health Initiative (phs000200).

  Study phs001736

• Pharmacogenomics of HIV Therapy - Atazanavir Bilirubin-related Side Effects

  This is an evaluation of genetic associations with atazanavir (ATV) discontinuation for bilirubin-related causes within 12 months of treatment. Patients were treated at an HIV primary care clinic in Nashville TN from 1998 to 2012. A previously known SNP in UGT1A1 (rs887829) was used to define metabolizer genotypes (extensive, intermediate, slow metabolizer). Over 500,000 SNPs from genome-wide genotyping were used to define MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) coordinates to account for population stratification. Patients were defined as cases if they discontinued ATV for bilirubin-related causes within 12 months of treatment, otherwise they were defined as controls if they did not stop treatment. Among 321 evaluable patients, 15 (4.6%) had bilirubin-related atazanavir discontinuation within 12 months. Homozygosity for rs887829 T/T was present in 28.1% of black, 21.4% of Hispanic, and 8.6% of white patients. Among all patients the hazard ratio (HR) for bilirubin-related discontinuation with T/T versus C/C genotype was 7.3 (95% C.I.: 1.7 to 31.5; p = 0.007). Among 152 white patients the HR was 14.4 (95% CI: 2.6 to 78.7; p = 0.002), but among 153 black patients the HR was 0.8 (95% C.I. 0.05 to 12.7; p = 0.87).

  Study phs001484

• Impact of Race and Genetic Factors on Beta Blocker Effectiveness in Heart Failure

  Heart Failure (HF) continues to be an enormous public health problem, despite the many advances in its pharmacotherapy over the past 25 years. The availability of multiple therapeutic options for HF requires individualization of therapy. However, there are currently insufficient tools to guide the optimal selection of therapy. The expansion of human genomic information has led to exciting new opportunities to improve the selection of drug therapy. In order to evaluate whether genetic variation impacts outcomes and drug response in heart failure, we performed a cohort study of patients with heart failure. Our overall plan was to recruit patients who have heart failure and receive treatment through HAP-HFMG. This allowed us to collect clinical outcomes, and quantify medication adherence via electronic pharmacy claims data. We collected whole blood samples for genetic analysis. We then tested whether genetic variants can predict patient outcomes (survival) in the context of their medical therapy (drug exposure). The primary medications of interest were beta blockers. Outcomes were modeled overall, accounting for the amount of exposure to the agent, and adjusting for baseline characteristics.

  Study phs001501

• Cohort-Based Genome-Wide Association Study of Glioma (GliomaScan)

  We conducted a new independent GWAS of adult glioma using 1,856 cases and 4,955 controls from 14 cohort studies belonging to the Cohort Consortium, 3 case-control studies, and 1 population-based case only study. Cases were newly diagnosed glioma [ICDO-3 codes 9380-9480 or equivalent], and controls were cancer-free at the time of glioma diagnosis. We found evidence of strong replication for three of the seven previously reported associations at 20q13.33 (RTEL), 5p15.33 (TERT), and 9p21.3 (CDKN2BAS), and consistent association signals for the remaining four at 7p11.2 (EGFR both loci), 8q24.21 (CCDC26) and 11q23.3 (PHLDB1). The direction and magnitude of the signal were consistent for samples from cohort and case-control studies, but the strength of the association was more pronounced for loci rs6010620 (20q,13.33; RTEL) and rs2736100 (5p15.33, TERT) in cohort studies despite the smaller number of cases in this group, likely due to higher grade tumors being captured in the cohort studies. Our findings suggest that larger studies focusing on novel approaches as well as specific tumor subtypes or subgroups will be required to identify additional common susceptibility loci for glioma risk.

  Study phs000652

• NHLBI GO-ESP: Family Studies (Familial Interstitial Pneumonia)

  The NHLBI "Grand Opportunity" Exome Sequencing Project (GO-ESP), a signature project of the NHLBI Recovery Act investment, was designed to identify genetic variants in coding regions (exons) of the human genome (the "exome") that are associated with heart, lung and blood diseases. These and related diseases that are of high impact to public health and individuals from diverse racial and ethnic groups will be studied. These data may help researchers understand the causes of disease, contributing to better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases, as well as determine whether to tailor prevention and treatments to specific populations. This could lead to more effective treatments and reduce the likelihood of side effects. GO-ESP is comprised of five collaborative components: 3 cohort consortia - HeartGO, LungGO, and WHISP - and 2 sequencing centers - BroadGO and SeattleGO. The Familial Interstitial Pneumonia (FIP) project seeks to identify genetic variants in coding regions of the human genome that are linked to FIP by examining the coding regions among relatives with FIP. These data will be used in conjunction with our other genetic studies to help us better understand how and why some individuals develop pulmonary fibrosis.

  Study phs000582

• Clinical Resistance to Crenolanib in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Due to Diverse Molecular Mechanisms

  FLT3 mutations are commonly detected in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients and are associated with poor prognosis. Crenolanib, a potent type I pan-FLT3 (GeneID:2322) inhibitor, is effective against both internal tandem duplications (ITD) and resistance-conferring tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations. While crenolanib monotherapy has demonstrated significant clinical benefit in heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory AML patients, responses are transient and relapse eventually occurs. To investigate the mechanisms of crenolanib resistance, we performed whole exome sequencing of AML patient samples before and after crenolanib treatment (122 samples from 59 patients). Unlike other FLT3 inhibitors, crenolanib did not induce FLT3 activation loop mutations, and mutations of the FLT3 "gatekeeper" residue were infrequent. Instead, mutations of NRAS (GeneID:4893) and IDH2 (GeneID:3418) arose, mostly as FLT3-independent subclones, while TET2 (GeneID:54790) and IDH1 (GeneID:3417) predominantly co-occurred with the FLT3-mutant clone and were enriched in crenolanib poor-responders. The remaining patients exhibited post-crenolanib expansion of mutations associated with epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, and cohesion factors, suggesting diverse non-FLT3 genetic/epigenetic mechanisms of crenolanib resistance. Drug combinations in experimental models restored crenolanib sensitivity.

  Study phs001628

• Epigenetic Biomarkers of Aging

  The aim of the study was to discover new epigenetic biomarkers of aging. We used a genome-wide screen for genetic loci showing consistent changes of DNA methylation with progressive aging. Blood DNA samples from 19 apparently healthy individuals aged 22-80 years obtained from the NINDS repositories were analyzed for DNA methylation using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing. We followed the New England Biolabs (NEB) protocol for methylated adaptors as described previously. Briefly, 1 microgram of genomic DNA was spiked with 100 picograms of lambda phage DNA as the unmethylated standard and digested with MspI endonuclease at C’CGG sites. Ends of restriction fragments were filled in, 3’-dA tailed and methylated adaptors were ligated to the ends of restriction fragments. Bisulfite treatment using the Epitect kit (Qiagen) followed. Bisulfite-converted libraries were amplified using EpiMark Taq DNA polymerase (NEB) and primers with dual barcode indices. The libraries were pooled and sequenced on Illumina HiSeqX instrument using paired end reads of 150 bases. We used Bismark v0.23.1 to align the sequences to hg19 human genome assembly. We used methylKit v1.22.0 to analyze differential methylation in individuals of different ages.

  Study phs003046

• National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: Regulation of Motile Cilia Assembly in Lung Disease

  This study of 59 primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients utilized whole-exome capture sequencing to help identify variants that may be causative for PCD. Our goal was to provide insights into disease pathophysiology in samples, most of which had no obvious phenotype from transmission electron microscopy. This class of patients has been understudied. The patient samples were collected through UNC or under the auspices of Genetic Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance Consortium (GDMCC), which consists of eight geographically diverse clinical research sites across North America. It collectively studies inherited respiratory diseases related to impaired mucociliary clearance and airway host defense, which result in chronic suppurative respiratory diseases. The goal is to enhance diagnostic capabilities as the Consortium has been pivotal in the identification and/or characterization of 34 primary ciliary dyskinesia-associated genes. In this phase of the work, we used immunocytochemistry in patient samples and in shRNA hTEC cultures to show the localization of the CFAP57 protein to cilia and the role of a short region in trafficking of CFAP57 into the cilia. This work was complemented by proteomic studies in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  Study phs002035

• Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Whole-Exome Sequencing of Hereditary Prostate Cancer Families

  The specific aim of this study is to identify hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) susceptibility genes using a novel study design, whereby whole-exome sequencing will be undertaken on multiple affected relatives from 19 HPC families, in which ≥ 3 affected relatives were diagnosed with clinically aggressive and/or early onset prostate cancer (PC). While whole-exome sequencing of unrelated affected individuals would result in hundreds of candidate disease variants, this family-based, aggressive/early onset phenotype approach will provide an enriched genetic background for discovery and significantly reduce the number of candidate mutations that will require follow-up. Findings from this pilot study will immediately be followed-up to confirm whether candidate mutations found in each family segregate with disease in the remaining unscreened relatives. As part of this pilot study, we aim to: Perform whole-exome sequencing on 80 affected and 11 unaffected relatives from 19 HPC families that have multiple men diagnosed with an aggressive and/or early onset disease phenotype using the Illumina HiSeq platform; and, Analyze sequencing data using BWA, SAMtools and SeattleSeq to prioritize candidate HPC mutations that segregate with aggressive and/or early onset disease in affected relatives.

  Study phs000350

• Pediatric Investigation of Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression (PediGFR): Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Cohort (CKiD)

  The Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Associated with Renal Progression (PediGFR) (RO1-DK082394) is an international collaborative study among three large prospective cohort studies of children with chronic kidney disease. The participating parent cohort studies are the "Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD)", the "Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on CRF Progression in Pediatric Patients (ESCAPE)", and the "Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (4C)" study. In these cohorts, pediatric subjects with CKD have been prospectively followed with standardized measurements for renal progression. The current version of the upload includes the genotype and baseline phenotype for the CKiD cohort. In brief the CKiD study is a prospective study of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) between the ages of 1 year to 16 years of age and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by Schwartz equation between 30 and 75 ml/min per 1.73m2. Included in this upload are the phenotypic data for anemia traits utilized for the sub-study, "Role of Genetic Variation in the Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease" (K24DK078737), with the RBC trait and anemia data pertaining to CKiD as well.

  Study phs000650

• KRT17High/CXCL8+ Tumor Cells Display Both Classical and Basal Features and Regulate Myeloid Infiltration in the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment

  Recent studies have uncovered the co-existence of basal and classical subtypes within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We sought to characterize these intermediary cells using single-cell RNA sequencing of PDAC. We performed subtyping on 18 single-cell RNA sequencing human PDAC samples to identify multiple intermediary subtypes. We compared single-cell profiling of patient-matched blood and tumor samples to measure changes in the local and systemic immune microenvironments in CXCL8-high tumors vs. CXCL8-low tumors. Finally, we leveraged longitudinally patient-matched blood over the course of chemotherapy. In our studies we identified a cluster of KRT17high intermediary cancer cells that uniquely express high levels of CXCL8 and other cytokines which in turn influence the myeloid compartment both locally and systemically. We utilized sequencing data from dbGaP study accession phs002070. In addition to that, we included sequencing from new specimens which are deposited to this submission, consisting of one additional tumor specimen and 5 PBMC samples, sequenced after chemotherapy (longitudinally matched to PBMC samples in phs002071.v1.p1). FASTQ files of these sequencing runs are available through this dbGaP submission.

  Study phs003436

• Single Duplex DNA Sequencing with CODEC Detects Mutations with High Sensitivity

  Detecting mutations from single DNA molecules is crucial in many fields but challenging. Next generation sequencing (NGS) affords tremendous throughput but cannot directly sequence double-stranded DNA molecules (single duplexes) to discern the true mutations on both strands. Here, we present Concatenating Original Duplex for Error Correction (CODEC) which confers single duplex resolution to NGS. CODEC affords 1,000-fold higher accuracy than NGS, using up to 100-fold fewer reads than Duplex Sequencing. CODEC revealed mutation frequencies of 2.72 x 10-8 in sperm of a 39-year-old individual, and somatic mutations acquired with age in blood cells. CODEC detected genome-wide clonal hematopoiesis mutations from single DNA molecules, single mutated duplexes from tumor genomes and liquid biopsies, microsatellite instability (MSI) with 10-fold greater sensitivity, and mutational signatures and specific tumor mutations with up to 100-fold fewer reads. CODEC enables more precise genetic testing and reveals biologically significant mutations which are commonly obscured by NGS errors. We applied CODEC to clinical colon and breast neoplasm samples and uncovered expected mutational signatures including homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and MSI.

  Study phs003255

• Genomic Analysis of Prostate Tumor Heterogeneity in Metastasis

  To investigate the molecular changes, mutations, and signaling pathways that characterize the initial steps of prostate cancer metastasis to the lymph nodes, we analyzed 19 discrete lymph node (LN) metastases, 97 primary tumor foci, 39 benign lymph nodes, and 10 normal adjacent prostate tissue samples from 43 patients enrolled in a clinical trial (NCT01808222) of extended lymphadenectomy and metastasis excision guided by [18F]-fluciclovine PET imaging for high risk, newly diagnosed prostate cancer conducted at Emory University. These patients fell within high or very high-risk groups (T3a, Gleason score 8-10, or PSA greater than 20 ng/ml). Of these patients, 16 had LN metastases at least 4 mm in diameter, and 20 patients had no metastases. For metastatic patients, we performed RNA and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) on three primary tumor foci, one benign LN, and all LN metastases greater than 4mm in diameter. For non-metastatic patients, we sequenced two primary tumor foci and one benign LN. In total, RNAseq was performed on 165 tissue samples from 43 patients, and WES was performed on 137 samples from 35 patients.

  Study phs003404

• Transcription Factor Analysis of SLE

  Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with protean manifestations. This study identifies two histone marks of activation and the binding of p300 genome-wide in three cell types and three clinical subsets to better understand cell-specific effects and differences across clinical subsets. Results: We examined 20 patients with SLE and 8 controls and found the TNF, IL-2/STAT5, and KRAS pathways were identified across multiple cell types and ChIP data sets. Patients with cutaneous lupus and lupus nephritis generally had less dramatically altered chromatin than the general SLE group. Conclusions: NFkB and classical inflammatory pathways were strongly associated with increased peak heights across all cell types but were the highest-ranking pathway for all three antibodies in monocytes according to fgsea analysis. IL-6 Jak/STAT3 signaling was the most significant pathway association in T cells marked by H3K27ac change. Therefore, each cell type experiences the disease process distinctly although in all cases there was a strong theme of classical inflammatory pathways. These studies define important cell type differences and emphasize the breadth of the inflammatory effects in SLE.

  Study phs003713

• Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study Metabolomics and Proteomics

  The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC study) was established in 2001 by the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) to improve the understanding of the relationship between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. The goals of the CRIC Study are to examine risk factors for progression of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic kidney disease and to develop predictive models to identify high-risk subgroups, informing future treatment trials and increasing application of available preventive therapies. This record includes plasma metabolomics and plasma proteomics data. Genotype data for 3527 CRIC Study partcipants is available at dbGaP in phs000524, "Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)-GWAS". Additional phenotypic, clinical, and outcomes data are available at the NIDDK Central Repository and can be linked to data available at dbGaP.More than 330 manuscripts have been published, reporting on the effects of a broad range of risk factors (from molecular biomarkers of disease pathways to clinical, demographic, and behavioral characteristics) on the progression of CKD and other health consequences. The full CRIC bibliography can be found at the BIBLIOGRAPHY for the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.

  Study phs003709

• Blood Group Genotypes and Phenotypes in Omani Blood Donors and Its Links With Susceptibility to Malaria

  The Omani population experienced endemic malaria prior to eradication in the late 1990's. Since malaria is known to be a strong selective pressure on the human genome, particularly at blood group associated loci, we aimed to understand how selective pressures from malaria may be affecting genetic variation at blood group loci. Blood samples were collected from 100 healthy, Omani blood donors. Serology testing for 10 clinically relevant blood groups and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to an average coverage of 16X were performed on all samples. Additionally, using the WGS data, genetic variants (SNPs and INDELs) were called for chromosomes 1 - 22 using GRCh38. We find signals of selection at the Plasmodium vivax associated locus, ACKR1 (the Duffy blood group), but not at any Plasmodium falciparum associated loci. We also characterized several previously undescribed blood group alleles in the Omani population affecting antigenic expression, mostly at the RHD, RHCE, and GYPB loci. The data available from this project include BAM files from 100 Omani samples aligned to GRCh38, per chromosome VCF files, and results from the serology tests for all 10 blood groups.

  Study phs003694

• Genetic Studies of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Hispanic Gastric Cancer

  Approximately 10% of gastric cancer cases show familial clustering and a hereditary cause is likely, however, only 1-3% cases result from known hereditary syndromes – which are predominantly associated with CDH1 and CTNNA1 genes. Hispanics are > 2 times more likely to be diagnosed and to die from gastric cancer compared to non-Hispanic whites. Not only does gastric cancer precision medicine lag behind other cancers – there is an urgent need to understand its etiology. Germline mutations in homologous recombination genes have been implicated as important risk factors for gastric cancer. The purpose of this study is to continue to generate knowledge to improve gastric cancer outcomes and disparities by 1) characterizing prevalence of germline mutations in homologous recombination genes and identify new genes associated with gastric cancer 2) perform molecular characterization of gastric tumors in Hispanic patients. Participants for germline analysis were enrolled from Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay.Whole exome sequence capture was performed for all germline and somatic samples using Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon v7 Kit. All sequencing was performed on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Germline Analysis: Whole exome sequencing was performed on 536 Hispanic patients (290 males, 246 female)

  Study phs003251

• Jackson Heart Study - Images

  The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) is a large, community-based, observational study that recruited 5,306 African American adults from three counties (Hinds, Madison and Rankin) in the Jackson, MS area. Participants age 35-84 years at baseline were enrolled from each of 4 recruitment pools: (1) random, 17%, (2) volunteer, 30%, (3) currently enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 31%, and (4) secondary family members, 22% (family study participants were age≥21 years). Data available include medical history, physical examination, blood/urine analytes, and interview questions on areas such as physical activity, stress, coping and spirituality, racism and discrimination, socioeconomic position, and access to health care. Extensive clinical phenotyping includes anthropometrics, electrocardiography, carotid ultrasound, ankle-brachial blood pressure index, echocardiography, CT chest and abdomen for coronary and aortic calcification, liver fat, subcutaneous and visceral fat measurements, and cardiac MRI. Participants have been contacted annually by telephone to update information, confirm vital status, document interim medical events, hospitalizations and functional status, and obtain sociocultural information. Ongoing cohort surveillance includes abstraction of medical records and death certificates for relevant International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and adjudication of nonfatal events and deaths.

  Study phs003747

• Synovial Fibroblast Gene Expression in Response to Fibronectin Fragment

  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease characterized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage, hypertrophy of neighboring bone, and varying degrees of synovial inflammation. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of synovial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of OA, particularly their inflammatory properties that disrupt cartilage homeostasis. Notably, degraded cartilage matrix components, such as fibronectin fragments (FN-f), have been identified in the synovial fluid of OA patients, suggesting that FN-f signaling influences the synovium where synovial fibroblasts reside. Despite affecting over 500 million individuals globally, our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of OA has significantly impeded the development of effective treatment strategies. To investigate this, we obtained deidentified surgical waste material from individuals undergoing knee replacement for OA. Synovial tissue was used to isolate synovial fibroblasts for cell culture studies. We generated bulk RNA-seq data from primary synovial fibroblasts (N=5 individuals) treated at passage 3 with either Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) as control or FN-f for 18h to model the OA synovial fibroblast phenotype. We identified differentially expressed genes at an adjusted p-value of

  Study phs003999

• Kids First: Pediatric Research Project on the Genomic Analysis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

  The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program (Kids First) is a trans-NIH effort initiated in response to the 2014 Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act and supported by the NIH Common Fund. This program focuses on gene discovery in pediatric cancers and structural birth defects and the development of the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource (Kids First Data Resource). Both, childhood cancers and structural birth defects are critical and costly conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Elucidating the underlying genetic etiology of these diseases has the potential to profoundly improve preventative measures, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. WGS and phenotypic data from this study are accessible through dbGaP and kidsfirstdrc.org, where other Kids First datasets can also be accessed. In collaboration with the University of Utah, DNA from four families were selected for high-depth WGS (60X) including diaphragm and skin tissue to identify mosaicism. In collaboration with the Broad Institute, DNA from four families underwent linked long read sequencing using 10X Genomics technology. Probands with congenital diaphragmatic hernia/defects and both biological parents enrolled as part of the DHREAMS study.

  Study phs001110