Search Results - EGA European Genome-Phenome Archive

Whole exome sequencing of pre-invasive lung adenocarcinoma in non-smokers

The prevalence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has increased sharply in East Asia. Early diagnosis leads to better survival rates, but this requires an improved understanding of the molecular changes during early tumorigenesis, particularly in non-smokers. We performed whole exome-sequencing and RNA-sequencing for samples from 94 East Asian patients with precancerous lesions (25 with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia [AAH]; 69 with adenocarcinoma in situ [AIS]) and 73 patients with early invasive lesions (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma [MIA]). Cellular analysis revealed that the activities of endothelial and stromal cells could categorize tumors into molecular subtypes within pathology-defined lesion types. These subtypes were linked with the advanced radiology-defined lesion type and coordinated with immune cell infiltration throughout the progression of LUAD. Characterization of these lesion types identified positively selected mutation patterns, and suggested that angiogenesis of the late-stage AIS type potentially contributes to tissue invasion of the MIA type. Our findings offer a novel resource that may help to improve early diagnosis and patient prognosis, and also suggest possible approaches for early disease interception.

Study EGAS50000000438

Anti-myeloperoxidase IgM B cells in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a prototypic autoimmune disease, with a subset of AAV patients manifesting anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) IgG. Patients with AAV respond positively to B cell-targeting and complement-targeting therapies, but disease flares are not uncommon. Here, by comparing samples from healthy individuals and MPO+ AVV patients, we show that B cell autoreactivity against MPO in the circulation of patients is dominated by CD27+IgM+ B cells whereas MPO-specific IgG+ cells are infrequent. Additionally, while naive anti-MPO-IgM B cells are present in both patients and controls and produce anti-MPO IgM upon stimulation, anti-MPO-IgM memory B cells and serum anti-MPO IgM are features of patients. Our results thus hint that defective elimination of B cell reactivity to MPO in the human repertoire, the presence of activated IgM+ anti-MPO B cells in disease, and a dominant role for anti-MPO IgM in complement activation, may all contribute to MPO+ AAV etiology and thereby serve as potential target for therapy.

Study EGAS50000000753

Hyperdiploidy impairs fetal hematopoietic progenitor cell fitness and differentiation enabling persistence of rare preleukemic aneuploid clones

Cells previously cryopreserved in FBS-10%DMSO were thawed and resuspended in 1mL of cold lysis buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 154 mM NaCl, 0.2% BSA, 0.1% NP-40, 1 mM CaCl₂, 0.5 mM MgCl₂ in ultra-pure water) to lyse the cell membrane and release intact nuclei. The nuclei were stained with propidium iodide (10 µg/mL) and Hoechst 33258 (10µg/mL) to facilitate sorting based on cell cycle state and viability. Single nuclei from 48 cells per sample were isolated into 96-well plates containing 5µL of freeze buffer (1X PBS, 7.5% DMSO, and 40% ProFreeze freezing medium (Lonza)) using a MoFlo Astrios cell sorter (Beckman Coulter) at the Flow Cytometry Unit of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Netherlands. The plates were centrifuged at 500 g and stored at -80°C until library preparation. Single-nuclei libraries were prepared using a Bravo Automated Liquid Handling Platform (Agilent Technologies). Nuclei were lysed, and DNA was labelled with unique 10 bp dual barcodes and amplified as previously described. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina NextSeq 2000 platform with 77bp single end reads. The generated data were subsequently demultiplexed using sample-specific barcodes and converted to FASTQ files with bcl2fastq. Sequencing reads were aligned to the GRCh38/hg38 human reference genome using Bowtie2 (v2.2.4), and duplicate reads were marked with BamUtil (v1.0.3). Single-cell karyotypes were determined by performing copy number analysis using AneuFinder (v4.3.3) (https://github.com/ataudt/aneufinder). The analysis included GC-content correction and blacklisting of artifact regions identified from euploid controls. Copy number calling was conducted with the dnacopy and edivisive algorithms, employing a bin size of 1 Mb and a step size of 500 Kb. Libraries with an average of fewer than 10 reads per chromosome copy per bin or less than 95% concordance between the two algorithms were excluded from analysis. Whole-chromosome aneuploidies were identified when over 95% of bins exhibited deviation from the disomic state. Aneuploidy scores were calculated as weighted averages of absolute copy number deviations from the euploid state.

Dataset EGAD50000002314

Sequencing_Acute_Myeloid_Leukaemia_

This project will aim at sequencing and analysing three samples from a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with t(15;17) translocation (acute promyelocytic leukaemia). The patient was treated with standard chemotherapy and samples (blood and bone marrow) taken for minimal residual disease measured during and after chemotherapy. 2-3years later the patient presented a second AML containing inv (16).In this project we will sequence both AML and normal genomes to find associated mutations This will allow unprecedented insights into the dynamics of appearance of secondary AML, since we will be able to use the MRD samples to track the emergence of the inv(16) leukaemia. We will also be able to distinguish whether the 2 leukaemias are clonally related or not. This project will entail sequencing and analysis of three samples (whole genome 30x coverage) using Hi-Seq. The funds from this grant will cover the cost of sequencing 9 lanes from the AML t(15;17) sample, 9 lanes from AML inv(16) sample and 8 lanes from the normal genome.

Study EGAS00001000035

Scalable whole-genome single-cell library preparation without pre-amplification

Single-cell genomics is critical for understanding cellular heterogeneity in cancer, but existing library preparation methods are expensive, require sample preamplification and introduce coverage bias. Here we describe direct library preparation (DLP), a robust, scalable, and high-fidelity method that uses nanoliter-volume transposition reactions for single-cell whole-genome library preparation without preamplification. We examined 782 cells from cell lines and triple-negative breast xenograft tumors. Low-depth sequencing, compared with existing methods, revealed greater coverage uniformity and more reliable detection of copy-number alterations. Using phylogenetic analysis, we found minor xenograft subpopulations that were undetectable by bulk sequencing, as well as dynamic clonal expansion and diversification between passages. Merging single-cell genomes in silico, we generated "bulk-equivalent" genomes with high depth and uniform coverage. Thus, low-depth sequencing of DLP libraries may provide an attractive replacement for conventional bulk sequencing methods, permitting analysis of copy number at the cell level and of other genomic variants at the population level.

Study EGAS00001002170

Genomes of Relapsing Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system that is often lethal when relapse occurs, but the molecular mechanisms behind this process are poorly defined. We here used whole-exome sequencing, mRNA expression, array CGH and DNA methylation analysis to holistically characterize 16 paired samples from neuroblastoma patients at diagnosis and relapse. The mutational burden significantly increased in relapsing tumors accompanied by altered mutational signatures and reduced subclonal heterogeneity. Global allele frequencies at relapse indicated clonal mutation selection during disease progression. Promoter methylation patterns were consistent over disease course and patient-specific. Recurrent alterations at relapse included mutations in the putative CHD5 neuroblastoma tumor suppressor, chromosome 9p losses, DOCK8 mutations, inactivating mutations in PTPN14 and a relapse-specific activity pattern for the PTPN14 target gene, YAP. Recurrent new mutations in HRAS, KRAS, DOCK8 and genes mediating cell-cell interaction in 13/16 relapse tumors also indicate disturbances in signaling pathways mediating mesenchymal transition. Our data shed first light on genetic alteration frequency, identity and evolution in neuroblastoma.

Study EGAS00001001387

MED12L Gene Alterations Define Aggressive BRCA2-Mutant Prostate Cancers

Germline mutation of BRCA2 increases the lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) by over 700%. BRCA2-mutant PCa have poorer prognosis than sporadic PCa, with rapid development of metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates of ~50-60%1-4. Despite this, unique genomic driver events that explain the aggressiveness of localized BRCA2-mutant PCa are lacking. We used whole-genome sequencing to fully characterize 14 BRCA2-mutant PCa and demonstrate that BRCA2-mutant PCa is associated with increased genetic instability and a mutually exclusive mutational burden when compared to sporadic PCa. Importantly, BRCA2-mutated cancers are defined by unique copy number gains and hypomethylation events, including alterations in the MED12L/MED12 axis, which are found solely in mCRPC and are enriched in PCa tumours harbouring aggressive intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P) pathologic sub-types. Our findings begin to explain the clinical entity of BRCA2-mutated PCa as these tumours have a unique and aggressive genotype de novo, associated with IDC-P and mCRPC, even in the hormone-naive setting.

Study EGAS00001001615

Mutant KIT as imatinib-sensitive target in metastatic sinonasal carcinoma (H021)

Sinonasal carcinomas (SNCs) comprise various rare tumor types that are characterized by marked histologic diversity and largely unknown molecular profiles, yet share an overall poor prognosis owing to an aggressive clinical course and frequent late-stage diagnosis. The lack of effective systemic therapies for locally advanced or metastatic SNC poses a major challenge to therapeutic decision making for individual patients. Here, we used whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing to identify a KIT exon 11 mutation (c.1733_1735del, p.578_579del) as actionable target in a patient with metastatic SNC whose tumor, despite all diagnostic efforts, could not be assigned to any known SNC category and was refractory to multimodal therapy. Molecularly guided treatment with imatinib resulted in a dramatic and durable response with remission of nearly all tumor manifestations, indicating a dominant driver function of mutant KIT in this tumor. This observation highlights the potential of unbiased genomic profiling for uncovering the vulnerabilities of individual malignancies, particularly in rare and unclassifiable tumors, and underscores that KIT exon 11 mutations represent tractable therapeutic targets across different histologies.H021

Study EGAS00001001845

Pheno-Seq, linking 3D phenotypes of clonal tumor spheroids to gene expression

3D-culture systems have advanced cancer modeling by reflecting physiological characteristics of in-vivo tissues, but our understanding of functional intratumor heterogeneity including visual phenotypes and underlying gene expression is still limited. Transcriptional heterogeneity can be dissected by single-cell RNA-sequencing, but these technologies suffer from low RNA-input and fail to directly correlate gene expression with contextual cellular phenotypes. Here we present pheno-seq for integrated high-throughput imaging and transcriptomic profiling of clonal tumor spheroids derived from 3D models of breast and colorectal cancer. Specifically, we identify characteristic expression signatures that are associated with heterogeneous invasive and proliferative behavior including a rare cell subtype. Furthermore, we identify functionally relevant transcriptional regulators missed by single-cell RNA-seq, link visual phenotypes defined by heterogenous expression to inhibitor response and infer single-cell regulatory states by deconvolution. We anticipate that directly linking molecular features with patho-phenotypes of cancer cells will improve the understanding of intratumor heterogeneity and consequently prove to be useful for translational research.

Study EGAS00001002999

ALPI deficiency causes refractory Inflammation Bowel Disease

Herein, we report the first identification of biallelic-inherited mutations in ALPI as a Mendelian cause of inflammatory bowel disease in two unrelated patients. ALPI encodes for intestinal phosphatase alkaline, a brush border metalloenzyme that hydrolyses phosphate from the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides and thereby drastically reduces Toll-like receptor 4 agonist activity. Prediction tools and structural modelling indicate that all mutations affect critical residues or inter-subunit interactions, and heterologous expression in HEK293T cells demonstrated that all ALPI mutations were loss of function. ALPI mutations impaired either stability or catalytic activity of ALPI and rendered it unable to detoxify lipopolysaccharide-dependent signalling. Furthermore, ALPI expression was reduced in patients' biopsies, and ALPI activity was undetectable in ALPI-deficient patient's stool. Our findings highlight the crucial role of ALPI in regulating host-microbiota interactions and restraining host inflammatory responses. These results indicate that ALPI mutations should be included in screening for monogenic causes of inflammatory bowel diseases and lay the groundwork for ALPI-based treatments in intestinal inflammatory disorders.

Study EGAS00001003350

Epigenetic dynamics of monocyte to macrophage differentiation

Monocyte to macrophage differentiation involves major biochemical and structural changes in non-dividing cells. In order to elucidate the role of gene regulatory changes during this process, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the complete transcriptome and epigenome of human monocytes that were isolated by elutriation and differentiated in vitro by addition of MCSF in serum-free medium. We also investigated the effect of loading the macrophages with modified LDL. We found that many mRNAs and miRNAs were significantly up- or downregulated during differentiation. While there was no correlation between gene expression and DNA methylation changes at transcription start sites, we identified a large number of intra- and intergenic regions that rapidly lost DNA methylation, became nucleosome-free and gained histone marks indicative of active enhancers. Loading of macrophages with modified LDL caused gene expression changes, but no chromatin changes. In summary, our results demonstrate that monocyte to macrophage differentiation is associated with rapid, highly targeted epigenetic changes, whereas lipid uptake mainly affects regulatory circuits of soluble factors.

Study EGAS00001001595

HCA_Placental_Infection_Atlas

HCA Placental Infection Atlas Self-renewing human trophoblast stem cells (hTSC) can give rise to major trophoblast lineages, including syncytiotrophoblast (SCT) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT). hTSC has facilitated the study of placental development and function in vitro. Here, we aim to utilise the hTSC line (HMDMC 20/0005) to study human placental infection and inflammation. This study will provide the opportunity to better understand the pathogenesis of human placenta in the event of infection and inflammation. In brief, differentiated hTSC will be infected with relevant pathogens and stimulated with a panel of inflammatory cytokines. We will use single-cell genomic and spatial approaches to characterise cellular heterogeneity in response to infection or cytokines stimulus. In parallel, we will investigate the interaction between iPSC-derived macrophages with different trophoblast lineages during the course of infection using single-cell genomic and spatial methods. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

Study EGAS00001004722

Reference exome data for Australian Aboriginal populations to support health-based research

Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a popular and successful technology which is widely used in both research and clinical settings. However, there is a paucity of reference data for Aboriginal Australians to underpin the translation of health-based genomic research. Here we provide a catalogue of variants called after sequencing the exomes of 50 Aboriginal individuals from the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia and compare these to 72 previously published exomes from a Western Australian (WA) population of Martu origin. Sequence data for both NT and WA samples were processed using an ‘intersect-then-combine’ (ITC) approach, using GATK and SAMtools to call variants. A total of 289,829 variants were identified in at least one individual in the NT cohort and 248,374 variants in at least one individual in the WA cohort. Of these, 166,719 variants were present in both cohorts, whilst 123,110 variants were private to the NT cohort and 81,655 were private to the WA cohort. Our data set provides a useful reference point for genomic studies on Aboriginal Australians.

Study EGAS00001003745

Automated image-based profiling of complex drug induced phenotypes in patient-derived organoids

We established a platform for high-throughput confocal fluorescence microscopy and automated image analysis to perform large-scale drug response profiling with patient derived organoids (PDOs). Using PDO lines newly established from colorectal cancer patients with a standardized workflow, we performed chemical perturbations with more than 500 experimental and clinically used compounds. Subsequently, we captured approx. six million images by confocal microscopy. To analyze drug-induced PDO re-organization on a single organoid level we developed SCOPE, a software framework for automated PDO high-throughput image analysis. We observed a rich variety of divergent and reoccurring compound induced phenotypes in organoids. Perturbation of cellular processes, including signaling by MEK, GSK3β, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and others, led to recurring and distinct architectural changes. Highlighting the clinical relevance, PDO viability was heterogeneous after perturbation with anticancer drugs and matched clinical response of corresponding colorectal cancer patients. Our work opens new avenues for image-based profiling for accelerated drug discovery and clinical decision-making.

Study EGAS00001003140

Molecular stratification of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma predicts clinical outcome

Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (EnOC) is an under-investigated type of ovarian carcinoma. Here, we report the largest genomic study of EnOCs to date, performing whole exome sequencing of 112 cases following rigorous pathological assessment. High frequencies of mutation were detected in CTNNB1(43%), PIK3CA(43%), ARID1A(36%), PTEN(29%), TP53(26%) and SOX8(19%), a novel target of recurrent mutation in EnOC. POLE and mismatch repair protein-encoding genes were mutated at lower frequency (6%, 18%) with significant co-occurrence. A molecular taxonomy was constructed using a novel algorithm (PRISTINE), identifying clinically distinct EnOC subtypes: TP53m cases demonstrated greater genomic complexity, were frequently FIGO stage III/IV at diagnosis (48%) and incompletely debulked (44%), and demonstrated inferior survival; conversely, CTNNB1m cases demonstrated low complexity and excellent clinical outcome, were predominantly stage I/II at diagnosis (89%) and completely resected (87%). Tumour complexity provides further resolution within the TP53wt/CTNNB1wt group. Moreover, we identify the WNT, MAPK/RAS and PI3K pathways as good candidate targets for molecular therapeutics in EnOC.

Study EGAS00001004366

Three-dimensional human alveolar stem cell culture models reveal infection response to SARS-CoV-2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the cause of a present global pandemic, infects human lung alveolar type 2 (hAT2) cells. Characterizing pathogenesis is crucial for developing vaccines and therapeutics. However, the lack of models mirroring the cellular physiology and pathology of hAT2 cells limits the study. Here, we develop a feeder-free, long-term three-dimensional (3D) culture technique for hAT2 cells derived from primary human lung tissue, and investigate infection response to SARS-CoV-2. By imaging-based analysis and single-cell transcriptome profiling, we reveal rapid viral replication and the increased expression of interferon-associated genes and pro-inflammatory genes in infected hAT2 cells, indicating robust endogenous innate immune response. Further tracing of viral mutations acquired during transmission identifies full infection of individual cells effectively from a single viral entry. Our study provides deep insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and the application of defined 3D hAT2 cultures as models for respiratory diseases.

Study EGAS00001004508

Liverpool Preterm Birth Biomarker Study

Preterm birth is a multifactorial condition defined as birth less than 37 weeks of gestation. This study aimed to identify early pregnancy biomarkers from maternal genome-wide and transcriptome-wide data of women experiencing two types of spontaneous PTB (sPTB): spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Whole blood samples were obtained from women with singleton pregnancies (N=567) recruited at the Liverpool Women’s Hospital at 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. Women with a previous history of sPTB pregnancies <34 weeks were categorised on their index pregnancy outcome as spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) or high-risk term control (HTERM, ≥37 weeks). Women with no history of SPTB/PPROM and delivered at term were LTERM (≥39 weeks of gestation). DNA was genotyped on the UK Biobank Axiom™ array (Applied Biosystems™, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and RNA who processed using the Clariom™ D Human assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Genome-wide association analysis, differential expression analysis and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were completed.

Study EGAS00001005076

Serum proteomics of aortic diseases

Aortic diseases are a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. We present a serum proteomic study for a spectrum of aortic diseases including thoracic aortic aneurysms (n = 11), chronic dissections (n = 9), acute aortic dissections (n = 11), and surgically treated dissections (n = 19) as well as healthy controls (n = 10) and patients of coronary heart disease (n = 10) to represent non-aortic cardiovascular disease. In total, we identified and quantified 425 proteins across all 70 samples. The different aortic diseases represented distinguishable proteome profiles. We identified protein clusters that positively or negatively correlate with disease severity, including increase of cytosolic tissue leakage proteins and decrease of components of the coagulation and complement system. Further, we identified a serum proteome fingerprint of acute aortic dissections, consisting, among others, of enriched inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and members of the S100 protein family. The study underlines the applicability of serum proteomics for the investigation of aortic diseases and highlights the possibility to establish disease-specific prognostic markers.

Study EGAS00001006201

Long-read sequencing of diagnosis and post-therapy medulloblastoma reveals complex rearrangement patterns and epigenetic signatures

Cancer genomes harbor a broad spectrum of structural variants (SV) driving tumorigenesis, a relevant subset of which are likely to escape discovery in short reads. We employed Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing in a paired diagnostic and post-therapy medulloblastoma to unravel the haplotype-resolved somatic genetic and epigenetic landscape. We assemble complex rearrangements and such associated with telomeric sequences, including a 1.55 Megabasepair chromothripsis event. We uncover a complex SV pattern termed "templated insertion thread", characterized by short (mostly less than 1kb) insertions showing prevalent self-concatenation into highly amplified structures of up to 50kbp in size. Templated insertion threads occur in 3% of cancers, with a prevalence ranging to 74% in liposarcoma, and frequent colocalization with chromothripsis. We also perform long-read based methylome profiling and discover allele-specific methylation (ASM) effects, complex rearrangements exhibiting differential methylation, and differential promoter methylation in seven cancer-driver genes. Our study shows the potential of long-read sequencing in cancer.

Study EGAS00001006576

DNA methylation atlas of normal human cell types

DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mark that governs chromatin organization, cell identity, and gene expression. Here we describe a human methylome atlas, based on deep whole-genome bisulfite sequencing allowing fragment-level analysis across thousands of unique markers for 39 cell types sorted from 205 healthy tissue samples. Replicates of the same cell-type are >99.5% identical, demonstrating robustness of cell identity programs to genetic variation and environmental perturbation. Unsupervised clustering of the atlas recapitulates key elements of tissue ontogeny, and identifies methylation patterns retained since gastrulation. Loci uniquely unmethylated in an individual cell type often reside in transcriptional enhancers and contain DNA binding sites for tissue-specific transcriptional regulators. Uniquely hyper-methylated loci are rare and are enriched for CpG islands, polycomb targets, and CTCF binding sites, suggesting a novel role in shaping cell type-specific chromatin looping. The atlas provides an essential resource for interpretation of disease-associated genetic variants, and a wealth of potential tissue-specific biomarkers for use in liquid biopsies.

Study EGAS00001006791

Sequential Antigen-loss and Branching Evolution in Lymphoma after Anti-CD19 and Anti-CD20 Targeted T Cell Engaging Immunotherapy

CD19 CAR T cells and CD20 targeting T cell engaging bispecific antibodies have been approved in B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma lately, heralding a new clinical setting where patients are treated with both approaches, sequentially. The aim of our study was to investigate the selective pressure of CD19 and CD20 directed therapy on the clonal architecture in lymphoma. Using a broad analytical pipeline, we identified truncating mutations in the gene encoding CD20 conferring antigen loss in 80% of patients relapsing from CD20 bispecs. Pronounced T cell exhaustion was identified in cases with progressive disease and retained CD20 expression. We also confirmed CD19 loss after CAR T cell therapy and report the case of sequential CD19 and CD20 loss. We observed branching evolution with re-emergence of CD20 positive subclones at later time points and spatial heterogeneity for CD20 expression in response to targeted therapy. Our results highlight immunotherapy as an evolutionary bottleneck selecting for antigen-loss variants but also complex evolutionary pathways underlying disease progression from these novel therapies.

Study EGAS00001007561

Genomic analysis and evolutionary modeling of breast and larynx cancer, based on specimens from Polish population

We explore the genomic characteristics of the original dataset of breast and larynx cancer specimens of several cell types from the collection of the Department of Applied Radiology of the Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (Poland) Branch and Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences. DNA from paired tissue samples from primary tumor locations and concurrent metastasis to regional lymph nodes was sequenced and matched to controls. A range of genomic analyses was carried out, such as estimation of variant allele frequencies (VAF) and copy number variation (CNV). They show that subsets of variants from primary tumors are present in metastatic lymph nodes and that the CNV pattern is similar, but not identical to that known in the literature. In addition to that, we fit the VAF data to theoretical site frequency spectra predicted by multiple models found in the literature. Analysis suggests existence of secondary advantageous subclones arising on the clonal background as well as of a number of neutral or slightly deleterious passenger mutations.

Study EGAS00001006456

Effective reprogramming of patient-derived M2-polarized glioblastoma-associated microglia/macrophages by treatment with GW2580

Purpose: Targeting immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic glioblastoma-associated macrophages and microglial cells (GAMs) has great potential to improve patient outcomes. Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) has emerged as a promising target for reprogramming anti-inflammatory M2-like GAMs. However, treatment data on patient-derived, tumor-educated GAMs and their influence on the adaptive immunity are lacking. Experimental Design: CD11b+-GAMs freshly isolated from patient tumors were treated with CSF1R-targeting drugs PLX3397, BLZ945, and GW2580. Phenotypical changes upon treatment were assessed using RNAseq. Changes in GAM activation were confirmed in a complex patient-derived 3D tumor organoid model serving as a tumor avatar. Results: The most effective reprogramming of GAMs was observed upon GW2580 treatment, which led to the downregulation of M2-related markers, IL-6, and IL-10, ERK1/2 and MAPK signaling pathways, while M1-like markers and gene set enrichment indicating activated MHC-II presentation were substantially increased. Moreover, treatment of patient-derived glioblastoma organoids with GW2580 confirmed successful reprogramming.

Study EGAS00001007466

NHLBI Cleveland Family Study (CFS) Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe)

The Cleveland Family Study is the largest family-based study of sleep apnea world-wide, consisting of 2284 individuals (46% African American) from 361 families studied on up to 4 occasions over a period of 16 years. The study was begun in 1990 with the initial aims of quantifying the familial aggregation of sleep apnea. NIH renewals provided expansion of the original cohort (including increased minority recruitment) and longitudinal follow-up, with the last exam occurring in February 2006. Index probands (n=275) were recruited from 3 area hospital sleep labs if they had a confirmed diagnosis of sleep apnea and at least 2 first-degree relatives available to be studied. In the first 5 years of the study, neighborhood control probands (n=87) with at least 2 living relatives available for study were selected at random from a list provided by the index family and also studied. All available first degree relatives and spouses of the case and control probands also were recruited. Second-degree relatives, including half-sibs, aunts, uncles and grandparents, were also included if they lived near the first degree relatives (cases or controls), or if the family had been found to have two or more relatives with sleep apnea. Blood was sampled and DNA isolated for participants seen in the last two exam cycles (n=1447). The sample, which is enriched with individuals with sleep apnea, also contains a high prevalence of individuals with sleep apnea-related traits, including: obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and HTN. Phenotyping data have been collected over 4 exam cycles, each occurring ~every 4 years. The last three exams targeted all subjects who had been studied at earlier exams, as well as new minority families and family members of previously studied probands who had been unavailable at prior exams. Data from one, two, three and four visits are available for 412, 630, 329 and 67, participants, respectively. In the first 3 exams, participants underwent overnight in-home sleep studies, allowing determination of the number and duration of hypopneas and apneas, sleep period, heart rate, and oxygen saturation levels; anthropometry (weight, height, and waist, hip, and neck circumferences); resting blood pressure; spirometry; standardized questionnaire evaluation of symptoms, medications, sleep patterns, quality of life, daytime sleepiness measures and health history; venipuncture and measurement of total and HDL cholesterol. The 4th exam (2001-2006) was designed to collect more detailed measurements of sleep, metabolic and CVD phenotypes and included measurement of state-of-the-art polysomnography, with both collection of blood and measurement of blood pressure before and after sleep, and anthropometry, upper airway assessments, spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide, and ECG performed the morning after the sleep study. Data have been collected by trained research assistants or GCRC nurses following written Manuals of Procedures who were certified following standard approaches for each study procedure. Ongoing data quality, with assessment of within or between individual drift, has been monitored on an ongoing basis, using statistical techniques as well as regular re-certification procedures. Between and within scorer reliabilities for key sleep apnea indices have been excellent, with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) exceeding 0.92 for the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Sleep staging, assessed with epoch specific comparisons, also demonstrate excellent reliability for stage identification (kappas>0.82). There has been no evidence of significant time trends-between or within scorers- for the AHI variables. We also have evaluated the night-to-night variability of the AHI and other sleep variables in 91 subjects, with each measurement made 1-3 months apart. There is high night to night consistency for the AHI (ICC: 0.80), the arousal index (0.76), and the % sleep time in slow-wave sleep (0.73). We have demonstrated the comparability of the apnea estimates (AHI) determined from limited channel studies obtained at in-home settings with in full in-laboratory polysomnography. In addition to our published validation study, we more recently compared the AHI in 169 Cleveland Family Study participants undergoing both assessments (in-home and in-laboratory) within one week apart. These showed excellent levels of agreement (ICC=0.83), demonstrating the feasibility of examining data from either in-home or in-laboratory studies for apnea phenotyping. Data collected in the GCRC were obtained, when possible, with comparable, if not identical techniques, as were the same measures collected at prior exams performed in the participants' homes. To address the comparability of data collected over different exams, we calculated the crude age-adjusted correlations ~3 year within individual correlations between measures made in the most recent GCRC exam with measures made in a prior exam and demonstrated excellent levels of agreement for BMI (r=.91); waist circumference (0.91); FVC (0.88); and FEV1 (0.86). As expected due to higher biological and measurement variability, 149 somewhat lower 3-year correlations were demonstrated for SBP (0.56); Diastolic BP (0.48); AHI (0.62); and nocturnal oxygen desaturation (0.60). NHLBI Candidate-gene Association Resource. The NHLBI initiated the Candidate gene Association Resource (CARe) to create a shared genotype/phenotype resource for analyses of the association of genotypes with phenotypes relevant to the mission of the NHLBI. The resource comprises nine cohort studies funded by the NHLBI: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Cleveland Family Study (CFS), Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD), Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). A database of genotype and phenotype data will be created that includes records for approximately 50,000 study participants with approximately 50,000 SNPs from more than 1,200 selected candidate genes. In addition, a genome wide association study using a 1,000K SNP Chip will be conducted on approximately 9,500 African American participants drawn from the 50,000 participants in the nine cohorts. Some relevant CARe publications CARe Study: PMID 20400780 CVD Chip Design: PMID 18974833

Study phs000284

eMERGE Network Genome-Wide Association Study of Red Cell Indices, White Blood Count (WBC) Differential, Diabetic Retinopathy, Height, Serum Lipid Levels, Specifically Total Cholesterol, HDL (High Density Lipoprotein), LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), and Triglycerides, and Autoimmune Hypothyroidism.

The electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network is a consortium of five participating sites (Group Health Seattle, Marshfield Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Northwestern University, and Vanderbilt University) funded by the NHGRI to investigate the use of electronic medical record systems for genomic research. The goal of eMERGE is to conduct genome-wide association studies in approximately 19,000 individuals using EMR-derived phenotypes and DNA from linked Biorepositories. Using electronic phenotyping methods, the consortium used DNA samples from all participating sites to explore the genetic determinants of red cell indices, white blood count (WBC) differential, diabetic retinopathy, height, serum lipid levels, specifically total cholesterol, HDL (high density lipoprotein), LDL (low density lipoprotein), and triglycerides, and autoimmune hypothyroidism as well as using the phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) paradigm to replicate and discover relationships between targeted genotypes with multiple phenotypes. eMERGE led studies for which original genotyping was performed and are included in this merged set: Genome-Wide Association Study on Cataract and HDL in the Personalized Medicine Research Project Cohort, phs000170 Development and Use of Network Infrastructure for High-Throughput GWA Studies, phs000234 Vanderbilt Genome-Electronic Records (VGER) Project: QRS Duration, phs000188 Northwestern NUgene Project: Type 2 Diabetes, phs000237 A Genome-Wide Association Study of Peripheral Arterial Disease, phs000203 Sites and participants include: Vanderbilt University: BioVU, Vanderbilt's DNA databank, is an enabling resource for exploration of the relationships among genetic variation, disease susceptibility, and variable drug responses, and represents a key first step in moving the emerging sciences of genomics and pharmacogenomics from research tools to clinical practice. BioVU acquires DNA from discarded blood samples collected from routine patient care. The biobank is linked to de-identified clinical data extracted from Vanderbilt's EMR, which forms the basis for phenotype definitions used in genotype-phenotype correlations. Marshfield Clinic: The Marshfield Clinic Personalized Medicine Research Project is a population-based biobank in central Wisconsin with more than 20,000 adult subjects who provided written, informed consent to access their medical records and provided a blood sample from which DNA was extracted and plasma and serum stored. In addition to an average of 30 years of medical history data, a questionnaire about environmental exposures, including a detailed food frequency questionnaire, is available to facilitate gene/environment studies. Northwestern University: The NUgene Project is a repository with longitudinal medical information from participating patients at affiliated hospitals and outpatient clinics from the Northwestern University Medical Center. Participants' DNA samples are coupled with data from a self-reported questionnaire and continuously updated data from our Electronic Medical Record (EMR) representing actual clinical care events. Northwestern has a state-of-the art, comprehensive inpatient and outpatient EMR system of over 2 million patients. NUgene has broad access to participant data for all outpatient visits as well as inpatient data via a consolidated data warehouse. NUgene participants consent to distribution and use of their coded DNA samples and data for a broad range of genetic research by third-party investigators. Group Health(GH)/University of Washington (UW): Aging and Dementia eMERGE study biorepository leverages rich population-based longitudinal data from both electronic medical records and in-depth research data to explore genome wide associations. Participants include Seattle-area members of GH (a large integrated health care system in Washington State) consented and enrolled in 1) the UW Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry (ADPR) and 2) the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study. The ADPR (PI: Eric B. Larson; NIH/NIA U01 AG 006781) is a population-based registry of incident dementia cases designed to identify all new Alzheimer's Disease cases within GH from 1987 to 1996. Medical history, physical, laboratory testing, and neuropsychological testing were performed on all consenting potential cases for determination of dementia status by a consensus conference. The study base of the ADPR population was stable with an attrition rate of less than 1%/year. The ACT study (PI: Eric B. Larson; NIH/NIA U01 AG 006781) is an ongoing community-based cohort study of aging and dementia. The original cohort of 2,581 randomly selected dementia-free members age 65 and older was enrolled in 1994-1996 and expanded by 811 in 2000-2002. Continuous enrollment to maintain a cohort of 2,000 dementia free persons began in 2005. Participants receive biennial assessment including cognitive status determination. The ACT sub-sample is stable; for the original cohort, median enrollment in GH was 19 years prior to joining the ACT study, and 85% of the cohort has ≥10 years of GH enrollment. DNA for the ADPR participants were obtained through a companion study, Genetic Differences in Cases and Controls (PI: Walter Kukull; NIH/NIA R01 AG007584). DNA obtained through both studies were extracted from blood using Gentra Systems Puregene methods. DNA concentration is determined by UV optical density. All samples are checked for quality by 260/280 ratio. For long-term storage, samples are aliquoted and stored at -70°C. Mayo Clinic: The Mayo biobank is a disease-specific biobank for vascular diseases including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD patients were identified from individuals referred to the non-invasive vascular laboratory for lower extremity arterial evaluation. Since 1997, laboratory findings have been recorded into an electronic database employing an in-house software package for data archiving and retrieval; this data becomes part of the Mayo EMR. Patients referred to the center with suspected PAD undergo a comprehensive non-invasive evaluation including the ankle-brachial index (ABI) - the ratio of blood pressure measured in the upper arms divided by blood pressure measured at the ankles. Controls subjects are identified from patients referred to the Cardiovascular Health Clinic for stress ECG. The prevalence of PAD in patients with normal exercise capacity who do not have inducible ischemia on the stress ECG, was <1%. Data regarding risk factors for atherosclerosis such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking are ascertained from the EMR.

Study phs000360

miRNA Profiling of Maternal and Non-Maternal Healthy Adult Blood Plasma Using Small RNA-Sequencing

We compared several performance characteristics of four miRNA profiling methods: small RNA-sequencing, HTG EdgeSeq, Abcam FirePlex, and NanoString nCounter. We used pools of synthetic miRNAs and extracellular RNA from healthy individuals to assess these characteristics.

Study phs001892

Comprehensive sequencing analyses of uterine and ovarian carcinosarcoma

We collected 109 primary tumor and mached normal samples of uterine and ovarian carcinosarcoma. The purpose of this study is to find novel therapeutic options for carcinosarcoma as well as a clue to understand the molecular histogenic mechanism.

Study JGAS000172

NeoRhea Bulk RNA and Single nuclei RNA & ATAC

The aim of this study is to compare baseline and surgery samples of ER+/HER2- early breast cancer patients. Patients have been treated with endocrine therapy in combination with palbociclib. Samples have been collected pre and post treatment.

Study EGAS50000001403

Whole exome sequencing of Ewing and CIC-DUX4 sarcoma tumoroid models

Tumoroid models from Ewing sarcoma and CIC-DUX4 sarcoma models were generated from patient tumor biopsies. Tumoroids were established in 3D matrigel domes and then propagated on a matrige layer. Whole exome sequencing was performed with established tumoroid models.

Study EGAS50000000379

RNA sequencing of Ewing and CIC-DUX4 sarcoma tumoroid models

Tumoroid models from Ewing sarcoma and CIC-DUX4 sarcoma models were generated from patient tumor biopsies. Tumoroids were established in 3D matrigel domes and then propagated on a matrige layer. RNA sequencing was performed with established tumoroid models.

Study EGAS50000000380

Analyses of transcriptome and epigenome in cardiac fibroblasts

We report genome-wide bulk RNA- and ATAC-seq analysis of cardiac fibroblasts isolated from two patients. Cells were pre-treated with either KAT5 inhibitor or vehicle, and their fibrotic responses after TGF-β stimulation was measured.

Study EGAS50000000835

Spatially resolved transcriptomics reveals profound subclonal heterogeneity and T cell dysfunction in extramedullary myeloma

Investigating the spatial architecture and microenvironment of EMD lesions in Multiple Myeloma patients using spatial whole transcriptome sequencing (10X Visium), tomography for spatially resolved transcriptomics (TOMO-seq), and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq)

Study EGAS50000000227

SCA1 and control cerebral organoids

3' RNA-sequencing data of cerebral organoids from controls and individuals with SCA1 was performed at day 31 and day 60 of organoid formation. Matched case-control cerebral organoids were used (Ctrl A+SCA1 A and Ctrl B+SCA1 B) as well as isogenic cerebral organoids, CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited from Ctrl A (SCA1-/CAG and SCA1CAG/CAG). Biological triplicates were assessed for all lines at both time points.

Dataset EGAD50000002473

IGH repertoire sequencing of GZMB+ and GZMB− B cells

This dataset contains high-throughput sequencing data of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) repertoires from sorted GZMB⁺ and GZMB⁻ B cell subsets. Samples were obtained from healthy donors (Healthy Volunteers, HVs) and drug-free tolerant kidney transplant recipients (TOLs). Libraries were generated from genomic DNA using targeted BIOMED-2 PCR amplification and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The dataset enables comparative analysis of B cell clonality, diversity, and somatic hypermutation patterns.

Dataset EGAD50000002452

iPSC and iPSC derived pericytes

Bulk RNA sequencing of iPSCs and iPSC derived pericytes from three cell lines MNZTASi019-A, MNZTASi021-A and MNZTASi022-A. Data includes one iPSC data set per cell line and iPSC derived pericyte differentiations per cell line (3 differentiations from MNZTASi019-A and MNZTASi021-A, 2 from MNZTASi022-A). RNA-seq data was generated using an Illumina Stranded mRNA 150bp paired-end library preparation.

Dataset EGAD50000000255

The Asian Diversity Project: genotyping of 37 Asian populations and ethnic groups

The Asian Diversity Project (ADP) assembled 37 cosmopolitan and ethnic minority populations in Asia that have been densely genotyped across over half a million markers to study patterns of genetic diversity and positive natural selection.

Study EGAS00001002100

Whole genome bisulfite sequencing of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma tumor and non-cancerous samples

To understand comprehensive epigenetic alterations in hepatitis B virus-associated HCC, we have conducted a whole genome bisulfite sequencing of 5 tumor samples and 3 non-cancerous samples (3 pairs and 2 tumors).

Study EGAS00001002230

Loss of functional mutation in RPL27 and RPS27 identified by whole-exome sequencing in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

We performed whole-exome sequencing analysis of 48 patients with no documented mutations/deletions involving known Diamond-Blackfan anemia genes and identified 10 mutations in previous known causative genes and 2 mutations in novel ribosomal genes.

Study EGAS00001000875

Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis of myxofibrosarcoma

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a common histological subtype of adult soft tissue sarcoma characterized by an infiltrative growth pattern and a high propensity for local recurrence. We underwent whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and methylation analysis of MFS.

Study EGAS00001002889

Parallel Detections of Somatic Gene Mutations in Surgically Resected Tumor tissues and Matched Plasma Specimens in Early-Stages of Primary Breast Cancer

We developed two panel successively, contain 68 and 136 genes respectively. Combination with ultrasound or mammography, it could be used for breast cancer early detection and avoided unnecessary surgery or other invasive detection.

Study EGAS00001003075

RNA-sequencing and targeted DNA-sequecing of human thyroid tumors and normal samples

RNA-sequencing data: 5 normal thyroid tissues, 14 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 2 lymph node metastases, 19 poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and 17 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas; Targeted DNA-sequencing of the 165 genes included in the “Solid and Haematological tumors” panel (BRIGHTCore, Brussels, Belgium): 2 normal thyroid tissues, 2 poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and 7 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas; 2 FASTQ files for each sample (paired).

Dataset EGAD00001011678

WES analysis in identifying additive genetic factors that may contribute to the occurrence of moyamoya in neurofibromatosis type 1

Five subjects from pedigree with co-occurrence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and moyamoya were sequenced in duplicate (0 and1). Kinship and phenotype: NF025, NF026 and NF027 were sibling all affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. NF026 also presented moyamoya. NF0262 and NF0263 were sibling both affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. NF0262 also presented moyamoya. NF026 and NF0262 were first cousins.

Dataset EGAD00001004157

Clonal evolution and clinical implications of genetic abnormalities in blastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukaemia

Blast crisis (BC) predicts dismal outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). We comprehensively investigated genetic abnormalities in 136 BC and 148 chronic phase (CP) samples obtained from 216 CML patients using exome and targeted sequencing.

Study EGAS00001005075

Single-cell transcriptome of human fetal pancreas and in vitro pancreatic spheroids

This dataset combines single cell transcriptome data from fetal pancreas at 7-10 wpc, embryonic stem cell-derived pancreas progenitors and spheroids generated from both fetal pancreas and human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreas progenitors.

Study EGAS00001005151

Single cell copy number and chromatin accessibility in primary multiple myeloma cells

Multiple myeloma is characterized by inter- and intra-clonal heterogeneity. We have used single cell profiling of the genome (scCNV) and epigenome (csATAC) of clonal plasma cells to delineate the clonal heterogeneity in serially collected samples.

Study EGAS00001005382

cfDNA and CDX/PDX methylation profiling in SCLC

We profiled the whole genome methylome of SCLC preclinical models and cfDNA samples. We assessed the sensitivity of cfDNA methylation profiling in detecting SCLC, especially at earlier stage of disease and the ability in discriminate among different SCLC molecular subtypes.

Study EGAS00001005739

Insights from genome-wide data from Thailand and Laos

We provide the first detailed insights into the genetic profiles of Thai/Lao ethnolinguistic groups, which should be helpful for reconstructing human genetic history in MSEA and selecting populations for participation in ongoing whole genome sequence and biomedical studies

Study EGAS00001006053

Phenotype and Genotype determination of 400 individuals from Northern Germany

Phenotype determination by SNP-Typing using PCR and snapshotPCR with subsequent fragment analysis. We investigated 400 individuals from Northern Germany and detected up to 12 different SNPs to determine eye, hair and skin colour. More than 1000 different runs on a ABI3130 were performedThis dataset includes:- Phenotype information for 400 samples- Summary and complete genotype calls for 12 SNPs on 400 samples.

Dataset EGAD00001001315

Exome sequencing from a child with neurofibromatosis and relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Dataset contains 5 exome BAM files from a child with neurofibromatosis and relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The samples are CD19 positive and CD19 negative bone marrow mononuclear cells at both diagnosis and relapse as well as mesenchymal stem cells as the germline control. Libraries were prepared using the SureSelect Clinical Research Exome v2 kit (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and run on the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform.

Dataset EGAD00001008702

RNA-sequencing data from human FSHD and control skeletal muscle biopsies

This project includes RNA-sequencing data from human FSHD and control skeletal muscle biopsies. This project includes data from 28 FSHD patients (total 37 samples, including vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles) and 12 control individuals (total 24 samples, including vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles).

Dataset EGAD00001008337

16767 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

in 26.79 milliseconds.