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• Genomic Analysis of Low Grade B-Cell Lymphoma

  We included tumors from 64 newly diagnosed or untreated Low Grade B-Cell Lymphoma (LGBCL) patients, consisting of SMZL (n = 48), NMZL (n = 6), EMZL (n = 2), LPL (n = 5), and B-NOS (n = 3) in this study. Samples were selected from cases consented to the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) of the University of Iowa and Mayo Clinic Lymphoma Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE). RNA or DNA were extracted from 64 frozen LGBCLs tumors (with available matched germline DNA for N=61. For RNA sequencing, library preparation was done using the Illumina TruSeq RNA Exome Kit and sequenced with 100 nucleotide paired-end reads using the HiSeq 4000. For WES, library preparation was done using the Agilent SureSelect XT kit and sequenced with 100 nucleotide paired-end reads using the Illumina HiSeq 4000.

  Study phs002552

• HuBMAP: KULMAP - Human Kidney, Urinary Tract, and Lung Mapping Center

  The major goal of the Human Kidney, Urinary Tract, and Lung Mapping Center (KULMAP) is to generate multi-omic and spatially resolved molecular anatomical maps of the human bladder, ureter and kidneys (BUKMAP) and the lung airways and parenchyma (LAPMAP) at a single cell resolution. This entails sequencing of the transcriptomes and epigenomes of dissociated single cells in a massively parallel manner. These profiles will then inform on highly multiplexed RNA in situ imaging for spatial mapping of hundreds of molecular targets in the tissue sections, at a subcellular resolution. These spatial molecular maps will serve as scaffolds for computational registration of cell types and the associated transcriptome/chromatin maps to the tissue space. The combination of sequencing single dissociated cells and multiplexed in situ mapping will allow the construction of detailed spatial maps for these large organs.

  Study phs002249

• Genome-Wide Analysis of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma

  Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (SMZL) is a B-cell malignancy of unknown pathogenesis and thus orphan of targeted therapies. By integrating whole-exome sequencing and copy-number analysis of 8 paired tumor-normal DNAs from patients with SMZL, we show that the typical SMZL exome carries ~30 genetic alterations. Targeted resequencing of selected candidates in an extended panel of 40-117 samples revealed activating mutations of NOTCH2, a gene required for marginal-zone (MZ) development, as the most frequent and SMZL-specific lesion, accounting for approximately 20% of cases. Additional altered genes suggest that deregulation of signaling pathways normally involved in MZ development (NOTCH, NF-kappa B, and B-cell receptor) represents a critical event in SMZL pathogenesis. These findings have direct implications for the treatment of SMZL patients since drugs are available which can target NOTCH as well as other pathways deregulated in this disease.

  Study phs000502

• Host Response to Respiratory Infections

  In this study, we describe a strategy to identify undiagnosed respiratory viral infections through screening nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs for the chemokine CXCL10, which is highly induced in the nasopharynx as part of the host antiviral response. Using this strategy, we conducted two screens: first, we screened NP swabs collected at Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH) in January 2017 from patients with undiagnosed respiratory viral infections and identified patients infected with seasonal coronaviruses and the relatively uncommon influenza C virus. Second, we screened samples from the beginning of March 2020 in the weeks before YNHH tested for SARS-CoV-2 and identified four patients that had undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Sequences uploaded as part of this study include samples with rhinovirus, human coronavirus NL63, and 8 samples as part of the January 2017 screen for undiagnosed respiratory viral infections.

  Study phs002442

• Nature and Contribution of Noncoding, Regulatory Mutations in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

  This dbGaP study contains variant call files generated from whole-genome sequencing data of families with autism. The variant callers include FreeBayes, GATK, Platypus, and Strelka2. A family-level VCF file, from each caller, is provided for each family in the study. The families included in this study are from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC), the Study of Autism Genetics Exploration (SAGE), and The Autism Simplex Collection (TASC); sequencing was performed at the New York Genome Center, as part of the Centers for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG) Consortium. The analysis to generate the variant callsets was supported by a K99 Pathway to Independence grant to Dr. Tychele Turner (1K99MH117165-01). *Access to phenotype data at the individual level for Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) subjects can be requested from SFARI Base: https://www.sfari.org/resource/sfari-base/.

  Study phs001874

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm B

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and if possible, whole-genome, methylation and miRNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH clinical trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm B is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with HER2- activating mutations are treated with Afatinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002028

• Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment (GenHAT) Study, Genomic Background of Blood Pressure Response to Treatment in African Americans

  The GenHAT study is an ancillary pharmacogenomics study to the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). ALLHAT was a randomized, double-blind, multi-center trial that enrolled 42,418 participants ≥55 years of age with hypertension and at least one additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Participants were randomized to treatment with one of four primary antihypertensive drugs: chlorthalidone (thiazide-like diuretic), amlodipine (CCB), lisinopril (ACE-i), or doxazosin (alpha-adrenergic blocker) in a ratio of 1.7:1:1:1, respectively. Participants were followed for treatment response and CVD outcomes. The original GenHAT study (N=39,114) evaluated the association of candidate hypertensive genetic variants with CVD outcomes for participants consenting to genetic research. The current GWAS study focuses on a subset of African American GenHAT participants (n=6908).  

  Study phs002716

• Whole Genome Sequencing of Harvard University Embryonic Stem Cell Lines 63 and 64

  In this study we used next generation deep sequencing technologies to analyze the genomes of Harvard University Stem Cell lines 63 and 64. We performed 101-bp paired-end whole genome sequencing of the two cell lines using Illumina HiSeq platforms. The sequence reads obtained were analyzed for copy number and used for replication timing analysis. Our data suggests that read depth profiles can be used to map replication timing in Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs). Further we observe that replication profiles are highly correlated across ESCs but distinct from those of other cell types such as Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (LCLs). These results demonstrated that read depth data from whole genome sequencing can be used to study variation in replication timing within the human population and across different cell types. Whole genome sequences from HUES63 and HUES64 used for this study are being submitted.

  Study phs000825

• OncoArray: Oral and Pharynx Cancer

  Genetic factors play an important role in susceptibility to head and neck cancer and could also explain differences in response to treatment and outcome. The goal of this project is to investigate genetic variation involved in oral and oropharyngeal cancer susceptibility by performing the largest GWAS on these diseases, using a novel genotyping tool specifically designed for cancer studies by the OncoArray Network. This project encompasses data from approximately 6000 oral and pharynx cancer cases and 4000 controls derived from 12 epidemiological studies most of case-control design. The genotyping was centralized at the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), and the epidemiological data harmonization and analysis were completed at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This study was supported by National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) with direct funding to CIDR.

  Study phs001202

• NCI-Maryland Prostate Cancer Case-Control Study

  The study seeks to examine the genetic and ancestral basis of prostate cancer-associated inflammation using a genome-wide association approach. The study population are the participants of the NCI Maryland Prostate Cancer Case-Control study. This study recruited both African American and European American men, and investigated the causes for the excessive burden of prostate cancer among African American men in more general terms. We measured 82 blood-based immune-oncology markers, and genotyped the participants using the HumanOmni5-Quad BeadChip, which provides a significant genome coverage for genetically-admixed and diverse populations, to evaluate the genetic basis and evidence for causality of any immune-inflammation marker that is associated with prostate cancer risk. We want to assess how germline genetics influence the abundance levels of these 82 markers in African American and European American men, which may contribute to differences between them.

  Study phs002939

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Z1I

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Z1I is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with BRCA1, BRCA2 mutations are treated with AZD1775. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002058

• DNA and RNA sequencing of single human haploid germ cells

  Our goal was to look at allele-specific gene expression in single spermatids from two human donors. We first genotyped and phased each donor using a combination of linked-read sequencing (one sample per donor, 10X Chromium), and single haploid whole genome sequencing (53 spermatids for the first donor, and 19 for the second). We then sequenced mRNA from single spermatids (302 from the first donor, and 164 from the second), using the Smart-Seq2 protocol. We used these gene expression data, in combination with the haplotype data, to look for gene products that exhibit allele-specific bias reflecting the haploid genotype of the cell. We find a large class of human genes that show such allele-specific bias in spermatids, indicating that these gene products are not fully shared across the cytoplasmic bridges that connect spermatids. We term these genes “genoinformative markers” (GIMs).

  Study phs002279

• CIDR/NICHD Genetic Basis of Recessive Pediatric Brain Diseases - Group 2

  The purpose of this study is to identify new genetic causes of recessive forms of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including Cerebellar hypoplasia (CBH), Lissencephaly (LIS), Microcephaly (MIC), Corpus callosum hypoplasia (CCH), Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), Pontine tegemental cap dysplasia (PTCD), and Aicardi syndrome among many others. Using whole exome sequencing on one or two affected members per family, we are able to identify many pathogenic genes for these families. Using Human SNP Linkage Scans, which takes advantage of the Illumina HumanCore Array, and parametric linkage analysis software (Genehunter, Allegro, and others), we seek to identify pathogenic loci utilizing 60-70 families per year. Through the combination of parametric linkage analysis with exome sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, we will refine our search for superior sensitivity and accuracy when investigating candidate genes and identifying causative mutations for disease.

  Study phs001267

• Methylation Profiles of Cell-Free DNA Using Nanopore Sequencing

  Epigenetic characterization of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is an emerging approach for detecting and characterizing diseases such as cancer. We developed a strategy using nanopore-based single-molecule sequencing to measure cfDNA methylomes. This approach generated up to hundreds of millions of reads for a single cfDNA sample from cancer patients, an order of magnitude improvement over existing nanopore sequencing methods. We developed a single-molecule classifier to determine whether individual reads originated from a tumor or immune cells. Leveraging methylomes of matched tumors and immune cells, we characterized cfDNA methylomes of cancer patients for longitudinal monitoring during treatment.Control subjects consist of healthy individuals without a positive diagnosis of cancer. cfDNA was obtained through purification of plasma from blood draws. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was derived from extraction of primary tumor tissue or from leukocytes from blood draws.

  Study phs002950

• PDAC Prognosis Biomarkers in Genomic and Transcriptomic Molecular Data

  Our study was designed to identify biomarkers related to the prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) patients using genomic variants and gene expression in coding regions of the human genome (exome). PDAC is the 7th cause of cancer deaths and is among types of cancer having the poorest prognosis. To improve treatment outcomes of PDAC, biomarkers related to PDAC prognosis are needed. The goals of our study are to find genomic and transcriptomic biomarkers, which can classify prognosis subtype of PDAC patients, and eventually to predict subtypes or prognosis for each patient. In this study, we generated Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and exome capture RNA sequencing data of 450 tumor and matched normal samples from 150 PDAC patients. Our data may be useful for understanding genomic and transcriptomic features, prognosis prediction, and precision medicine for PDAC.

  Study phs002347

• Neuroblastoma Genome-Wide Association Study (NBL-GWAS)

  Neuroblastoma is a malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system that most commonly affects young children and is often lethal. The etiology of this embryonal cancer is not known. We have performed a whole genome scan for association of neuroblastoma with SNP genotypes and copy number variation to discover predisposition loci. We therefore initiated a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2007 focused on neuroblastoma patients identified through the Children's Oncology Group (COG; 238 member institutions). Control patients for this study are children cared for at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) without a diagnosis of cancer. The study was designed to collect up to 5000 neuroblastoma cases and 10,000 controls and is powered to detect common susceptibility variants in Caucasian and African American patients. Whole genome genotyping is being performed on the Illumina HH550 SNP array.

  Study phs000124

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Z1A

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Z1A is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NRAS mutations are treated with Binimetinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs001973

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm W

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm W is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with FGFR fusions, mutations, amplifications are treated with AZD4547. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs001948

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm S2

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm S2 is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with GNAQ or GNA11 mutations are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002178

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm R

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm R is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with BRAF fusions, non-V600K or non-V600E mutations, are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002029

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm S1

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm S1 is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NF1 mutations are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002153

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm I

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm I is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with PIK3CA mutations (without KRAS Mutation or PTEN Loss) are treated with Taselisib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002181

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm U

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm U is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NF2 loss are treated with Defactinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002179

• Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium (PPTC)

  The Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium (PPTC) is addressing the unmet need of streamlining the development of new therapies for childhood cancers. The PPTC seeks to develop robust biomarkers of anticancer drug activity, and the majority of these are predicted to be genetic mutations that can be detected in tumor DNA and/or RNA. In order to design the most impactful experiments that can be rapidly translated to the clinic, PPTC investigators require a complete genomic characterization of the patient-derived xenograft tumor models that are utilized across the consortium. This will not only allow for the most robust experimental design, but also will increase the engagement of industry partners who seek collaborators poised to provide the proof-of-concept necessary for drugs in their development pipelines. All data and models will be made available to academically qualified investigators.

  Study phs001437

• Association Between Telomere Length and Falciparum Malaria Endemicity in Sub-Saharan Africans

  The goal of this study was to identify the genetic and environmental drivers of telomere length variation in an ethnically diverse African cohort. It comprises 1,818 participants from Cameroon, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Botswana. For each participant, leukocyte telomere length was measured using the Southern blotting of the terminal restriction fragment methodology. 1,758 of the individuals with phenotype data also had genetic data, and these individuals were subjected to a genome-wide association study which accounted for age, sex, and genetic relatedness. Individuals were genotyped on one of two genotyping arrays (Illumina Infinium Omni5 array or Illumina H3Africa consortium array). Genetic datasets were merged, and missing genotypes were imputed for a final genetic dataset of 11,001,107 genetic variants. Correlations between telomere length and a variety of environmental factors, including malaria endemicity, were also examined in this study.

  Study phs003567

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm C1

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm C1 is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with MET amplification are treated with Crizotinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002177

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm P

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm P is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with PTEN loss by IHC are treated with the drug GSK2636771. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002152

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Z1B

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Z1B is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with CCND1, CCND2, and/or CCND3 amplifications are treated with Palbociclib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002180

• NHLBI TOPMed - NHGRI CCDG: Genes-Environments and Admixture in Latino Asthmatics (GALA II)

  This is a case-only pharmacogenetic study of bronchodilator drug response among racially admixed Latino children with asthma. Each participant had two spirometry measurements using the KoKo PFT System. With the first spirometry test, participant was administered with 4 puffs of HFA Albuterol. The second albuterol measurement was based on age, for participants under 16 years of age, additional 2 puffs were administered and for those over 16 years of age, additional 4 puffs were administered. The overall goal is to identify genetic factors which are predictive of drug response in children with asthma. The principal tools include a questionnaire and biological specimen collection. Participants are 8-21 years old at time of recruitment. Children with asthma have physician-diagnosed asthma, symptoms and medications. Comprehensive phenotypic data for GALAII study participants are available through dbGaP phs001180.

  Study phs000920

• CIDR/NICHD Genetic Basis of Recessive Pediatric Brain Diseases

  The purpose of this study is to identify new genetic causes of recessive forms of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including cerebellar hypoplasia (CBH), lissencephaly (LIS), microcephaly (MIC), corpus callosum hypoplasia (CCH), pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD), and Aicardi syndrome among many others. Using whole exome sequencing on one or two affected members per family, we are able to identify many pathogenic genes for these families. Using Human SNP Linkage Scans, which takes advantage of the Illumina HumanCore Array, and parametric linkage analysis software (Genehunter, Allegro, and others), we seek to identify pathogenic loci utilizing 60-70 families per year. Through the combination of parametric linkage analysis with exome sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, we will refine our search for superior sensitivity and accuracy when investigating candidate genes and identifying causative mutations for disease.

  Study phs001060

• CIDR NICHD Genetic Basis of Recessive Pediatric Brain Diseases - Group 4

  The purpose of this study is to identify new genetic causes of recessive forms of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including Cerebellar hypoplasia (CBH), Lissencephaly (LIS), Microcephaly (MIC), Corpus callosum hypoplasia (CCH), Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD), and Aicardi syndrome among many others. Using whole exome sequencing (WES) on one or two affected members per family, we are able to identify many pathogenic genes for these families. Using Human SNP Linkage Scans, which takes advantage of the Illumina HumanCore Array, and parametric linkage analysis software (Genehunter, Allegro, and others), we seek to identify pathogenic loci utilizing 60-70 families per year. Through the combination of parametric linkage analysis with exome sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, we will refine our search for superior sensitivity and accuracy when investigating candidate genes and identifying causative mutations for disease.

  Study phs001822

• CIDR NICHD Genetic Basis of Recessive Pediatric Brain Disease - Group 3

  The purpose of this study is to identify new genetic causes of recessive forms of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including Cerebellar hypoplasia (CBH), Lissencephaly (LIS), Microcephaly (MIC), Corpus callosum hypoplasia (CCH), Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD), and Aicardi syndrome among many others. Using whole exome sequencing (WES) on one or two affected members per family, we are able to identify many pathogenic genes for these families. Using Human SNP Linkage Scans, which takes advantage of the Illumina HumanCore Array, and parametric linkage analysis software (Genehunter, Allegro, and others), we seek to identify pathogenic loci utilizing 60-70 families per year. Through the combination of parametric linkage analysis with exome sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, we will refine our search for superior sensitivity and accuracy when investigating candidate genes and identifying causative mutations for disease.

  Study phs001510

• Platinum Pedigree Consortium Long-Read Sequencing

  Platinum Pedigree Consortium includes whole genome sequencing of blood-derived DNA using five technologies on a 4-generation family. This is the CEPH-Utah (CEU) family 1463 and includes 4 grandparents from 1st generation, 2 parents from 2nd generation, 5 children from 3rd generation, 9 individuals from the 4th generation representing 2 branches of the 3rd generation, and their 2 additional parents. Family was not selected for disease, rather large size to study genetic transmission and human variation.Data available through dbGaP include raw sequence data: PacBio HiFi reads in unaligned BAM formats, Ultra-Long Oxford Nanopore (ONT) reads in FASTQ formats, Illumina sequencing, strand-seq and Element sequencing data in FASTQ format. Additionally, alignment files for HiFi reads mapped to the GRCh38 and CHM13v2.0 reference genomes, as well as de novo genome assemblies generated for this project are included.

  Study phs003793

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Q

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Q is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with HER2 amplification are treated with Kadcyla® (ado-trastuzumab emtansine). This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs001926

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): Molecular Characterization Initiative

  The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI) focuses on the critical need to collect, analyze, and share data to address the burden of cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs). The Molecular Characterization Initiative (MCI) will further the CCDI's goals by providing access to better diagnostic tests for pediatric and AYA patients. The molecular characterizations of solid tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and rare diseases are performed in a CLIA-certified setting as results may be used to screen for and/or confirm clinical trial eligibility, direct treatment, or otherwise contribute to the conduct of the trial. The following molecular characterization assays were performed:Tumor/Normal Whole Exome sequencing Methylation arraysArcher fusion panel Deidentified clinical reportsNote: New data will be added periodically, please check the CCDI Hub Explore site for updates.

  Study phs002790

• A capture methyl-seq protocol with improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness using pre-pooling and enzymatic conversion

  The opportunities for sequencing-based methylome analysis of clinical samples are increasing. To reduce its cost and the amount of genomic DNA required for library preparation, we aimed to establish a capture methyl-seq protocol, which adopts pre-pooling of multiple libraries before hybridization capture and TET2/APOBEC-mediated conversion of unmethylated cytosine to thymine. We compared a publicly available dataset generated by the standard Agilent protocol of SureSelect XT Human Methyl-Seq Kit and our dataset obtained by our modified protocol, EMCap, that adopted sample pre-pooling and enzymatic conversion. We confirmed that the quality of DNA methylation data was comparable between the two datasets. As our protocol, EMCap, is more cost-effective and reduces the amount of input genomic DNA, it would serve as a better choice for clinical methylome sequencing.

  Study JGAS000605

• Genetic variants associated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the Japanese population

  Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is often asymptomatic, making early-stage diagnosis difficult using routine clinical examinations alone. The genetic factors underlying PAF and the predictive utility of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for PAF in Asian populations remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we aim to explore genetic variants associated with PAF in a Japanese cohort and to evaluate the predictive performance of PAF-specific PRSs. We analyze Japanese participants genotyped with the Illumina Infinium Asian Screening Array and perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) after sample and variant quality control and genotype imputation based on the GRCh37 reference genome. Using the GWAS results, we construct multiple PRS models and assess their predictive ability both alone and in combination with clinical risk factors. These efforts are intended to provide a basis for personalized prevention and early detection strategies for PAF in the Japanese population.

  Study JGAS000866

• Anaplastic oligodendroglioma exome and RNA sequencing data

  Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs) are rare primary brain tumors which are generally incurable, with heterogeneous prognosis and few treatment targets identified. Most oligodendrogliomas have chromosome 1p/19q co-deletion and IDH mutation. We analyzed 51 AOs by whole-exome sequencing, identifying previously reported frequent somatic mutations in CIC and FUBP1. We also identified recurrent mutations in TCF12 and in an additional series of 83 AO. Overall 7.5% of AO are mutated for TCF12, which encodes an oligodendrocyte-related transcription factor. 80% of TCF12 mutations identified were in either the bHLH domain, which is important for TCF12 function as a transcription factor, or were frame shift mutations leading to TCF12 truncated for this domain. We show that these mutations compromise TCF12 transcriptional activity and are associated with a more aggressive tumor type. Our analysis provides further insights into the unique and shared pathways driving AO.

  Study EGAS00001001209

• Sequencing data from a highly cost-effective cell-free DNA methylome test

  Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), originating from multiple organs, holds significant potential for non-invasive diagnostics and prognostics. Current cfDNA methylation assays primarily focus on single clinical indications by targeting specific genomic loci. In contrast, comprehensive profiling of cfDNA methylome can enable simultaneous detection of multiple diseases by capturing organ-specific methylation signatures, thereby offering a holistic view of health, when disease etiology is unclear or when conventional biochemical diagnostics are unavailable. However, deep sequencing required for sensitive detection of methylation abnormalities remains prohibitively expensive, limiting widespread clinical use. To overcome this barrier, we developed MethylScan, a highly cost-effective approach for cfDNA methylome sequencing. We demonstrated its broad clinical utility in a cohort of 1,061 individuals across diverse applications, including multi-cancer detection in general population, liver cancer surveillance in high-risk individuals, liver disease classification, identification of organ abnormalities, and race prediction from cfDNA.

  Study EGAS00001008125

• Genomic Epidemiology of Complex Diseases in Population-based Brazilian Cohorts

  The EPIGEN-Brasil Initiative is so far the largest Latin American initiative in population genomics and genetic epidemiology. Its main goal is to study the association between genetic variants found in the Brazilian population and complex diseases, taking into account one of the most important characteristics of this population: its admixture. Population genetic include genomewide genotyping of 6487 individuals and high-resolution whole genome sequencing from 30 individuals from three population-based Brazilian cohorts: Salvador, Bambuí and Pelotas. More information about the population-based cohorts are available on: For the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort study in Victora and Barros 2006 (PMID 16373375); For the Bambui cohort study of aging in LIma-Costa MF et al. (2011) (PMID 20805109); For the Salvador-Scaala study in Barreto et al. (2006) (PMID 16796729)

  Study EGAS00001001245

• Whole-genome sequencing in 14 cases and whole-exome sequencing in 90 cases of Chinese ESCC

  Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide1. Approximately 70% of the global esophageal cancers occur in China and over 90% histopathological forms of this disease are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)2-3. Currently, there are limited clinical approaches for early diagnosis and treatment for ESCC, resulting in a 10% 5-year survival rate for the patients. Meanwhile, the full repertoire of genomic events leading to the pathogenesis of ESCC remains unclear. Here we show a comprehensive genomic analysis in 158 ESCC cases, as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Research Projects (http://icgc.org/icgc/cgp/72/371/1001734). We conducted whole-genome sequencing in 14 ESCC cases and whole-exome sequencing in 90 cases.

  Study EGAS00001001487

• Therapeutic Targeting of Ependymoma as Informed by Oncogenic Enhancer Profiling

  Genomic sequencing has driven precision-based oncology therapy; however, genetic drivers remain unknown or non-targetable for many malignancies, demanding alternative approaches to identify therapeutic leads. Ependymomas are chemotherapy-resistant brain tumours, which, despite genomic sequencing, lack effective molecular targets. Here, we mapped active chromatin landscapes in 42 primary ependymomas in two non-overlapping primary ependymoma cohorts. Enhancer regions revealed novel oncogenes, molecular targets, and pathways, which when subjected to small molecule inhibitor or shRNA treatment, increased survival and slowed proliferation in mouse and neurosphere patient-derived models of ependymomas. This study represents one of the largest enhancer mapping study of any cancer type to date, and provides a framework for target and drug discovery for other cancers recalcitrant to therapeutic development because of their lack of known genetic drivers.

  Study EGAS00001002696

• Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test

  Earlier detection is key to reducing cancer deaths. Here we describe a blood test that can detect eight common cancer types through assessment of the levels of circulating proteins and mutations in cell-free DNA. We applied this test, called CancerSEEK, to 1,005 patients with clinically detected cancers of the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectum, lung, or breast. CancerSEEK tests were positive in a median of 70% of the eight cancer types. The sensitivities ranged from 69% to 98% for the detection of five cancer types (ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, and esophagus) for which there are no screening tests available for average-risk individuals. The specificity of CancerSEEK was > 99%: only 7 of 812 healthy controls scored positive. In addition, CancerSEEK localized the cancer to a small number of anatomic sites in a median of 83% of the patients.

  Study EGAS00001002764

• GoDARTS T2D-GENES Exome Sequencing Study is a subset of the ~52,000 Type 2 diabetes exome sequencing project.

  The GoDARTS T2D-GENES Exome sequencing study is a subset of a larger Type 2 Diabetes Exome Sequencing project. This effort is a collaboration of six consortia with various funding mechanisms that have joined together to investigate genetic variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the largest T2D case/control sample set compiled to date and includes samples from: T2D-GENES, GoT2D, ESP, SIGMA T2D, LuCAMP, and ProDIGY. This data generated from the Genetics of Diabetes and Audit Research Tayside Study (GoDARTS) cohort was part of the T2D-GENES (Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Exploration by Next-generation sequencing in multi-Ethnic Samples) consortium, which is a NIDDK-funded international research consortium that seeks to identify genetic variants for T2D through multiethnic sequencing studies. Sequencing for the GoDARTS study was performed at the Broad Institute using Illumina Rapid Capture on Illumina HiSeq machines.

  Study EGAS00001002937

• Molecular Signature of Saudi Thyroid Cancer Using whole exome sequencing

  In Saudi Arabia, thyroid cancer ranked second only to breast cancer among females, eleventh among males and this increased incidence is prevalent in other Gulf Council Countries also. Differentiated thyroid cancer, which includes papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular subtypes, accounts for 90% of all thyroid malignancies. Currently, there are no clinical or molecular diagnostic tools to predict recurrence and aggressiveness of a subset of PTC. With the goal of better understanding the pathobiology of thyroid carcinogenesis we will use Whole Exome Sequencing to decipher the molecular and genetic signature of Saudi PTC based on International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Guidelines. The study will provide a better understanding of PTC and should have important clinical implications in the development of new and better strategies for targeted therapeutic intervention for the treatment of Saudi Arabian PTC

  Study EGAS00001000680

• Spatial heterogeneity in medulloblastoma

  Spatial heterogeneity of transcriptional and genetic markers between physically isolated biopsies of a single tumor poses major barriers to the identification of biomarkers and the development of targeted therapies that will be effective against the entire tumor. We analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of multiregional biopsies from 35 patients, using a combination of transcriptomic and genomic profiles. Medulloblastomas (MBs), but not high-grade gliomas (HGGs), demonstrated spatially homogeneous transcriptomes, which allowed for accurate subgrouping of tumors from a single biopsy. Conversely, somatic mutations that affect genes suitable for targeted therapeutics demonstrated high levels of spatial heterogeneity in MB, malignant glioma, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Actionable targets found in a single MB biopsy were seldom clonal across the entire tumor,which brings the efficacy of monotherapies against a single target into question. Clinical trials of targeted therapies for MB should first ensure the spatially ubiquitous nature of the target mutation.

  Study EGAS00001001014

• Genetic landscape of inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain

  Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in a Spanish cohort of patients. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on IRD affected individuals, referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to all families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain and our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations.

  Study EGAS00001005104

• RA-Map, A multi-omic survey of whole blood and subsets in early rheumatoid arthritis and vaccine study controls

  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by synovial inflammation with variable disease severity and drug responsiveness. To investigate the molecular heterogeneity and pathogenesis of RA, we performed a comprehensive clinical and molecular profile of 267 RA patients for up to 18 months to establish a high quality biobank of barcoded samples that included plasma, serum, peripheral blood cells, whole blood RNA, RNA from lymphocyte and monocyte subsets, genomic DNA and urine. We have performed extensive multi-omic immune phenotyping, including genomic, metabolomic, proteomic, transcriptomic and auto-antibody profiling. We anticipate that these detailed clinical and molecular data will serve as a fundamental resource for the development and application of targeted therapies for RA and reveal further insights into disease pathogenesis and therapeutic response.

  Study EGAS00001004424

• Human breast transcriptome analysis

  Obesity is a risk factor for the development of post-menopausal breast cancer and is associated with a worse breast cancer prognosis. Here we carried out transcriptome profiling on nontumorous breast tissue to define the molecular changes that occur related to excess body fat and adipose inflammation. A second goal was to determine if blood biomarkers reflect molecular changes in the breast. Increases in a variety of pathways linked to tumor development and progression were found. Moreover, increased expression of several drug targets including aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, and PD-1 was observed. Various blood biomarkers that are associated with either elevated risk of breast cancer or worse prognosis were altered and correlated with molecular changes in the breast. Collectively, this study helps to explain both the link between obesity and breast cancer and the utility of blood biomarkers for determining risk and prognosis.

  Study EGAS00001004665

• Single Cell Analysis of Human Airways in Healthy and Asthma volunteers

  Bronchoscopies were collected from healthy and asthma volunteers. Cohort inclusion criteria for all subjects were: age between 40 – 65 years and history of smoking < 10 pack years. For the asthmatics, inclusion criteria were: age of onset of asthmatic symptoms ≤12 years, documented history of asthma, use of inhaled corticosteroids with(out) β2-agonists due to respiratory symptoms and a positive provocation test (i.e. PC20 methacholine ≤8mg/ml with 2-minute protocol). For the non-asthmatic controls, the following criteria were essential for inclusion: absent history of asthma, no use of asthma-related medication, a negative provocation test (i.e. PC20 methacholine >8 mg/ml and adenosine 5'-monophosphate >320 mg/ml with 2-minute protocol), no pulmonary obstruction (i.e. FEV1/FVC ≥70%) and absence of lung function impairment (i.e. FEV1 ≥80% predicted). Asthmatics stopped inhaled corticosteroid use 6 weeks prior to all tests. All subjects were clinically characterised with pulmonary function and provocation tests, blood samples were drawn, and finally subjects underwent a bronchoscopy under sedation. If a subject developed upper respiratory symptoms, bronchoscopy was postponed for ≥6 weeks. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed using a standardised protocol during conscious sedation. Six macroscopically adequate endobronchial biopsies were collected for this study, located between the 3rd and 6th generation of the right lower and middle lobe. Extracted biopsies were processed directly thereafter, with a maximum of one hour delay. The medical ethics committee of the Groningen University Medical Center Groningen approved the study, and all subjects gave their written informed consent.

  Dataset EGAD00001005064

• WTS and WES of Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumors From a Phase III Anti-Angiogenic Adjuvant Therapy Trial

  Archival de-identified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded RCC tumor tissue blocks from nephrectomy or tumor biopsy were processed as per below and the same sections were used for both DNA and RNA extractions. For WES (ACE version 3; Illumina NovaSeq), samples were profiled using Personalis ACE Cancer Exome (Personalis, Inc, Menlo Park, CA) Whole-transcriptome profiles were generated by RNA-seq (Accuracy and Content Enhanced (ACE) version 3; Illumina NovaSeq) using Personalis ACE Cancer Transcriptome (Personalis, Inc, Menlo Park, CA ) Of the 615 patients in the intent-to-treat population in S-TRAC trial, 193 individual specimens were available for molecular profiling, of which 171 (27.8%) (sunitinib, n = 91; placebo, n = 80) returned results for the WES analysis, and 133 (21.6%) (sunitinib, n = 72; placebo, n = 61) returned results for the GES analysis. Of the 138 WTS samples with data, replicates for two patients were summarized by median expression, and three samples were excluded from the final analysis due to low counts.

  Dataset EGAD00001009294

• Genetic Analysis of Metopic Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis

  Craniosynostosis (CS), the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, is a common defect occurring in 1 in 2,500 live births. About 85% of infants with CS present as nonsyndromic (i.e., without unrelated, major birth defects or developmental delay). Nonsyndromic CS (NCS) is a heterogeneous condition with presumed multifactorial etiology; however, its causes remain largely unknown. As such, primary prevention strategies for this defect are limited. Through our International Craniosynostosis Consortium (ICC), we have advanced the understanding of the genetic etiology for the most common NCS subtype, sagittal NCS (sNCS). As a result of our previous funding (R01 DE016866), we successfully conducted the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for sNCS and identified robust associations to loci near BMP2 (rs1884302; P=1.1x10-39; OR=4.38) and intronic to BBS9 (rs10262453; P=5.6x10-20; OR=0.24), both biologically plausible genes with a role in skeletal development. Building on our work, we investigated case-parent trios with metopic NCS (mNCS) by GWAS. Both sNCS and mNCS affect the midline sutures of the skull, are more likely to occur among non-Hispanic whites, and show a male excess. For each subtype, evidence for multifactorial determinants is supported by increased recurrence risk in families, increased concordance in monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins, and positive associations with variants in selected genes (e.g., FGFR). Given these similarities, we hypothesize that sNCS and mNCS may share common causative variants. This data represents an extension of our current study aimed to perform a comprehensive molecular characterization of sNCS and mNCS.

  Study phs001508

• Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) Study

  The Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) is a multicenter study designed to identify genetic determinants of diabetic kidney disease. Study subjects were recruited from eleven centers and in many ethnic groups throughout the United States. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted with the Affymetrix 6.0 chip. Subjects (index cases) with diabetes and kidney disease were initially recruited, and their parents and siblings were invited to participate. Genetic material from these participants was used to genotype markers throughout the genome. For association-based testing, a case-control design was implemented with study subjects selected primarily from the index cases of the families. Unrelated controls were selected from families where a case was not already selected. Several study sites also contributed non-FIND subjects, both cases and controls (consent forms for the release of FIND and non-FIND subjects/samples are included in this dbGaP release). Cases were selected if they met study criteria for diabetic nephropathy or met inclusion criteria based on elevated serum creatinine levels and abnormal urine protein excretion. Similarly, controls were long-term diabetics with otherwise normal kidney function. See inclusion/exclusion criteria section for a detailed description for the FIND study as a whole and this GWAS. The goal of the FIND study is to identify genes that influence susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease, leading to a better understanding of how kidney disease develops. In the long run, this may lead to improved treatment and prevention of diabetic kidney disease.

  Study phs000333

• Early Methamphetamine Abstinence: fMRI and Brain Function

  This study included two groups of subjects, methamphetamine-dependent and healthy control participants, with the purpose of characterizing brain structure and cognition during the first month of abstinence from methamphetamine. Participants were able to participate in one or both phases of the study. Methamphetamine abusers were held as inpatients and abstained from methamphetamine use during the entirety of the study. Phase I covered the 1st week of abstinence and Phase II covered the next 3-4 weeks of abstinence. Control subjects participated as outpatients at timeframes which corresponded to the assessments taken of methamphetamine users. The following outlines the procedures in more detail. After initial telephone screening, in-person screening and recruitment procedures took place at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute. Each methamphetamine abuser subject entered the study after completing an interview and questionnaires on drug use history, and providing a positive urine test for methamphetamine. The evaluation included a psychiatric diagnostic interview according to the Structured Clinical Inventory for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), a medical history and physical examination, blood tests [including a complete chemistry panel, hepatic panel, and tests for hepatitis-C and HIV]. Urine samples were also taken for drug screening of illicit drugs, and to test for pregnancy (female subjects). The methamphetamine abusers were then admitted to the General Clinical Research Center (CRC) and participated on a residential basis, where they were administered daily questionnaires about drug craving, withdrawal and mood. The current study makes available phenotype and genotype data, and interested investigators may contact the principal investigator regarding potential sharing of fMRI data.

  Study phs001198

• Genetic Modifiers of Syndromic Orofacial Clefts

  Reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are common, but poorly understood, features of most monogenic diseases. Genetic modifiers are possible factors to contribute to this phenotypic variability and blur the traditional distinction between monogenic and complex disease. This study focuses on the most common orofacial cleft syndrome (Van der Woude syndrome, VWS) and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (OFCs), which intersect both in phenotype and in genetic etiology, as a model to understand reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. VWS occurs in 1 in 35,000 individuals and accounts for 2% of all OFCs. The features of VWS include an OFC and/or lower lip pits, but 15% of VWS patients present with an isolated OFC, making them indistinguishable from nonsyndromic OFC patients. Mutations in the genes IRF6 or GRHL3 cause VWS, but approximately 20% of VWS patients currently lack a molecular diagnosis. Furthermore, there are few genotype-phenotype correlations for known mutations and patient phenotypes. By contrast, GWAS of nonsyndromic OFCs have identified a number of risk factors, some of which we have shown increase risk for specific types of OFCs or act as modifiers of OFC subtypes. Whole genome sequencing will be used to identify the remaining genetic mutations for VWS, determine the relationship between those genes/regions with nonsyndromic OFCs, and identify rare and common modifiers of VWS and OFC phenotypes. These analyses will provide further insight into the genetic architecture of VWS and OFCs and will serve as a model for exploring links between other Mendelian disorders that share phenotypes with complex traits.

  Study phs002221

• Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study DNA Methylation Studies

  This dataset contains raw Illumina 450K blood DNA methylation data from a subset of participants in the Melbourne Cohort Study (MCCS), a prospective study of 41,513 healthy adult volunteers (24,469 women) aged between 27 and 76 years when recruited between 1990 and 1994. Nested case-control studies: DNA methylation data were generated as part of cancer case-control studies nested in the MCCS. Participants were cancer-free at blood draw; blood samples were taken at baseline (1990-1994) for 97% of participants; and for 3% of participants at the second wave of follow-up (2003-2007). Eight separate studies were conducted of breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, kidney, urothelial and gastric cancer and B-cell lymphoma, for a total of > 3,500 cancer cases. Controls were individually matched to cases on age, sex, and country of birth using incidence density sampling. Additional matching on smoking history was made for the study of lung cancer. Longitudinal study: For a subset of 1,100 participants with baseline DNA methylation measures (from dried blood spots) who were selected as controls in the nested case-control studies, repeated methylation measures were made using wave 2 follow-up samples (also from dried blood spots) to study longitudinal DNA methylation changes. Project aims: 1. Nested case-control studies: To assess prospective associations between peripheral blood DNA methylation and risk of eight cancer types (breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, kidney, urothelial cell and gastric cancer, and mature B-cell neoplasms). 2. Longitudinal study: To assess associations between lifestyle changes and changes in peripheral blood DNA methylation.

  Study phs003213

• Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA): Smoke Screen and Exome Sequencing

  This is a family study of alcoholism, in which the subjects have been drawn from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), a large, ongoing family-based study that includes subjects from seven sites around the US. COGA has gathered detailed, standardized data on study participants, including diagnostic and neurophysiological assessments. This project has already proved successful in identifying several genes that influence the risk for alcoholism and neurophysiological endophenotypes, which have been independently replicated. COGA data were included as part of two Genetic Analysis Workshops, and the phenotypes are familiar to the genetics community. Alcoholic probands were recruited from treatment facilities, assessed by personal interview, and after securing permission, other family members were also assessed. A set of comparison families was drawn from the same communities as the families recruited through an alcoholic proband. Assessment involved a detailed personal interview developed for this project, the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), which gathers detailed information on alcoholism related symptoms along with other drugs and psychiatric symptoms. Many participants also came to the laboratories for electroencephalographic studies. Neurophysiological features that have been shown to be useful endophenotypes for which we have linkage and in some cases association results are included on a subset of the case-control sample: the beta power of the resting electroencephalogram (EEG), the P3(00) amplitude of the visual event-related potential (ERP), and the theta and delta event-related oscillations (EROs) underlying the P3.

  Study phs001208

• Differential Presence of Exons in Cell-Free DNA Reveals Different Patterns in Colorectal Cancer Between Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Patients

  Tumor genotyping during disease follow-up is gaining an increasing interest for monitoring and clinical management in colorectal cancer (CRC). Growing evidences suggest that single biopsies are inefficient for molecular profiling, due to clonal evolution and intratumoral heterogeneity of primary tumors and/or metastasis. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as an alternative source of genetic material that seems to be representative of the continuously changing tumor molecular features. Thus, the so-called 'liquid biopsy' also offers the additional advantages of accessibility and non-invasiveness for the patient. Novel strategies based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cfDNA are being currently developed, with most studies focusing on targeted deep sequencing panels of potential clinically actionable genes. Here we describe an alternative approach, consisting of exome-sequencing in cfDNA at a relatively shallower depth to provide a more general overview of the circulating genome. In this study, two groups of colorectal cancer patients, with either disseminated (M) or localized disease (N), were compared using whole-exome sequencing and a RNA-seq bioinformatics analysis pipeline. Thus, a set of 379 exons present at different levels in cfDNA from both groups were identified, giving rise to a completely new concept in this field, termed as 'Differential Presence of Exons'. Differentially present exons (DPEs) were subsequently used for M and N patients clustering and classification, allowing for the design of a predictive algorithm with encouraging preliminary results in a small subset of patients that could not be initially classified attending to the selection criteria (U group, unassignable).

  Study EGAS00001002687

• Detection and characterization of lung cancer using cell-free DNA fragmentomes

  Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death world-wide, largely due to its late diagnosis. Non-invasive approaches for assessment of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provide an opportunity for detection and intervention that may have broader accessibility than current imaging approaches. Using a machine learning model for detecting tumor-derived cfDNA through genome-wide analyses of cfDNA fragmentation, we examined a prospective study of 365 individuals at risk for lung cancer (Lung Cancer Diagnostic Study, LUCAS), including 129 individuals ultimately diagnosed with lung cancer and 236 individuals determined to not have lung cancer. We externally validated the cancer detection model using an independent cohort of 385 non-cancer individuals and 46 predominantly early stage lung cancer patients. Combining fragmentation features with clinical risk factors and CEA levels followed by CT imaging detected 94% of patients with cancer across stages and subtypes, including 91% of stage I/II and 96% of stage III/IV, at 80% specificity. Genome-wide fragmentation profiles across ~13,000 ASCL1 transcription factor binding sites could be used to distinguish individuals with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from those with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high accuracy (AUC=0.98). Among individuals with lung cancer, a higher cfDNA fragmentation score was associated with tumor size and invasion, and represented an independent prognostic indicator of survival. These studies provide a facile approach for non-invasive detection of lung cancer and clinical management of this disease.

  Study EGAS00001005340

• CINECA_synthetic_cohort_EUROPE_UK1 referencing fake samples

  Please note: This synthetic data set (with cohort “participants” / ”subjects” marked with FAKE) has no identifiable data and cannot be used to make any inference about cohort data or results. The purpose of this dataset is to aid development of technical implementations for cohort data discovery, harmonization, access, and federated analysis. In support of FAIRness in data sharing, this dataset is made freely available under the Creative Commons Licence (CC-BY). Please ensure this preamble is included with this dataset and that the CINECA project (funding: EC H2020 grant 825775) is acknowledged. For any questions please contact isuru@ebi.ac.uk or cthomas@ebi.ac.uk This dataset (CINECA_synthetic_cohort_EUROPE_UK1) consists of 2521 samples which have genetic data based on 1000 Genomes data (https://www.nature.com/articles/nature15393), and synthetic subject attributes and phenotypic data derived from UKBiobank (https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001779). These data were initially derived using the TOFU tool (https://github.com/spiros/tofu), which generates randomly generated values based on the UKBiobank data dictionary. Categorical values were randomly generated based on the data dictionary, continuous variables generated based on the distribution of values reported by the UK Biobank showcase, and date / time values were random. Additionally we split the phenotypes and attributes into 4 main classes - general, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac. We assigned the general attributes to all the samples, and the cardiac / diabetes mellitus / cancer attributes to a proportion of the total samples. Once the initial set of phenotypes and attributes were generated, the data data was checked for consistency and where possible dependent attributes were calculated from the independent variables generated by TOFU. For example, BMI was calculated from height and weight data, and age at death generated by date of death and date of birth. These data were then loaded to the development instance of Biosamples (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biosamples/) which accessioned each of the samples. The genetic data are derived from the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 release (https://www.internationalgenome.org/category/phase-3/). The genotype data consists of a single joint call vcf files with call genotypes for all 2504 samples, plus bed, bim, fam, and nosex files generated via plink for these samples and genotypes. The genotype data has had a variety of errors introduced to mimic real data and as a test for quality control pipelines. These include gender mismatches, ethnic background mislabelling and low call rates for a randomly chosen subset of sample data as well as deviations from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and low call rates for a random selection of variants. Additionally 40 samples have raw genetic data available in the form of both bam and cram files, including unmapped data. The gender of the samples in the 1000 genomes data has been matched to the synthetic phenotypic data generated for these samples. The genetic data was then linked to the synthetic data in BioSamples, and submitted to EGA.

  Dataset EGAD00001006673

• The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on DNA Expression in the Normal Human Breast Epithelium

  The Susan G. Komen for the Cure® Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center [www.komentissuebank.iu.edu] (KTB) was established expressly for the prospective collection of normal, healthy breast tissue from volunteer donors. Blood is also obtained from donors at the time of donation and is processed for serum, plasma and peripheral blood leukocyte DNA. Specimens are annotated and data includes age, race, ethnicity, personal health history, family cancer history, medication usage at the time of donation, and breast cancer risk factors. Premenopausal donors to the KTB were identified by a query of the Bank's database. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of the identified donors were reviewed and tissue was graded on the basis of the abundance of epithelium within the section. Only tissue containing abundant epithelium was considered for this study. Based on dates, the specimens of nine women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and five in the luteal phase were chosen. Six donors using hormonal contraception at the time of donation were also included. Whole blood obtained from 19 of the 20 donors at the time of tissue donation was available and it was processed for serum. Estradiol, estriol, luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations were determined by the Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory using a Beckman Unicel DxI 800 Immunoassay System. The phase of the menstrual cycle was verified by serum progesterone concentration. The epithelium of these 20 specimens was microdissected from multiple 8 micron frozen tissue sections. Total RNA extracted from the tissue was subsequently depleted of rRNA via locked nucleic acid probes. This enabled profiling of both poly-A and non-poly-A RNA species. Barcoded cDNA libraries from the 20 normal breast epithelia were prepared and sequenced on an Applied Biosystems (AB) SOLiD3 or SOLiD 4 platform. RNA-seq reads for each sample were then mapped to the human genome (hg19) using the LifeScope software version 2.5.1 (Life Technologies, Foster City, CA) and BAM (Binary Alignment/Map) files generated. Read counts for each gene were derived from the output BAM files using the RefSeq database (UCSC Genome Brower) as the gene model.

  Study phs000644

• University of Utah Pelvic Organ Prolapse Disorder Study

  The overall purpose of this University of Utah Pelvic Organ Prolapse Disorder Study was to identify and localize predisposition genes contributing to pelvic organ prolapse (POP). POP cases recruited for this study were identified by one of three methods: high-risk POP pedigree cases, POP sister pairs, and surgically-treated POP cases reporting a family history of POP. High-risk POP pedigree cases were identified using the Utah Population Database (UPDB), a genealogy database of residents in Utah that has been linked to diagnostic ICD9 and CPT codes in medical records at the University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare. We identified families with a significant excess number of POP cases compared to matched population rates and targeted these individuals for recruitment as well as any other POP cases in the family. POP sister pair cases were identified at the University of Utah Urogyncology clinic for women who had undergone POP surgery and also self-reported one or more sisters who were also surgically treated for POP. POP affection status of all sisters was confirmed either by physical examination or by chart review. Surgically treated-POP cases reporting a family history of POP were identified at the University of Utah Urogyncology clinic by self-report of a family history of POP. Efforts were made to recruit other affected family members and confirm affection status. To obtain DNA, subjects provided either a blood specimen or saliva. Medical records were reviewed by a urogynecologist and diagnostic information for pelvic organ prolapse and stress and overactive bladder were obtained. Collected DNA was genotyped and analyzed. To maintain confidentiality of the familial data, genetic data from only one subject per family has been submitted to dbGaP. Use of the University of Utah Pelvic Organ Prolapse Disorder Study data is limited to investigators studying pelvic floor disorders. These pelvic floor disorders include pelvic organ prolapse, urinary and anal incontinence, and other conditions related to weakening or injury to the muscles and connective tissue in the pelvis as a result of pelvic surgery, pregnancy, or vaginal delivery of a child. These data will be used only for research purposes related to pelvic floor disorders. They will not be used to determine the individual identity of any person or their relationship to another person or for research on non-disease traits.

  Study phs001439

• Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program in Germline and Somatic Variants in Myeloid Malignancies in Children

  The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program (Kids First) is a trans-NIH effort initiated in response to the 2014 Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act and supported by the NIH Common Fund. This program focuses on gene discovery in pediatric cancers and structural birth defects and the development of the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource (Kids First Data Resource).All of the WGS and phenotypic data from this study are accessible through dbGaP and kidsfirstdrc.org, where other Kids First datasets can also be accessed.This project aims to sequence an unparalleled number of cases of de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Down Syndrome AML (DS-AML), to establish a database comprised of genomic and transcriptome information which can be interrogated for both somatic and germline variants. Identification of the somatic variants will provide valuable data on the potential genes and pathways that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. In addition, interrogation of the host’s constitutional genome may yield valuable information about potential germline variants that, in combination with the somatic data, might provide a more informed approach to patient care. For those patients with predisposition mutations, chemotherapy alone might not be adequate for cure, and stem cell transplantation might be required. Also, those who might be at high risk of adverse secondary events (cardiac complications, secondary malignancies, etc.) can be identified early and their therapy can be tailored to minimize anticipated complications. Thus, we propose that the optimum outcome can only be obtained through comprehensive interrogation of the somatic and germline genomes to fully annotate the genomic makeup of the leukemia and its host. Knowing the genomic and transcriptomic makeup of these patients, along with a full complement of clinical characteristics for this cohort, will be critical for making strong correlations which may aid in therapeutic development for future patients. The de novo AML, DS-AML, and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) cases were all collected through clinical protocols conducted by the Children’s Oncology Group (COG). In addition to funding from the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program, the DS-AML cohort was specifically funded by the Lifespan to Understand Down syndrome (INCLUDE) Project.

  Study phs002187

• Immune-Related Adverse Events after Immune Checkpoint Blockade-Based Therapy are Associated with Improved Survival in Advanced Sarcoma

  Immune activation after immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can lead to a unique group of adverse events (AEs), which have been associated with improved outcome in many carcinomas. The association between immune-related AEs (irAEs) and outcome in patients with sarcoma is not well studied. This study has two components: (1) a retrospective clinical study of irAEs among 131 patients treated with ICB at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and (2) an analysis of a subset of these patients who have whole transcriptome sequencing available for analysis. In the clinical study portion, we reviewed a cohort of patients with advanced sarcoma treated on prospective clinical trials utilizing ICB-based therapy between April 2017 and January 2020. The objectives were to pool the safety data from each trial, identify irAEs, and correlate them with best overall response by RECIST 1.1, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Association of irAEs with response and survival was assessed using a Cox regression model. A total of 131 patients were included. Forty-two (32%) had at least one irAE of any grade and 16 (12%) had at least one Grade ≥ 3 irAE. On Cox analysis adjusting for clinical covariates that were significant in the univariate setting, the hazard ratio (HR) for an irAE (HR 0.662, 95% CI 0.421 - 1.041) approached, but did not reach statistical significance for PFS (P = 0.074), while patients had a significantly lower HR for OS (HR 0.443, 95% CI 0.246 – 0.798; P = 0.007) compared to those without or before an irAE. Tumor samples with available RNA sequencing data were stratified by presence of an irAE to identify patterns of differential gene expression. In total, 71 unique patients had RNA sequencing available for analysis. The transcriptomes of 31 of these patients have been previously uploaded to dbGaP (phs002852), leaving 36 unique transcriptomes that have not been previously publicly shared. Three patients did not agree for their sequencing to be publicly shared. Therefore, 33 unique patient samples will be uploaded to this dbGaP study. Overall, this study found that gene expression profiling on baseline tumor samples from patients who had an irAE had higher numbers of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells as well as upregulation of immune and inflammatory pathways.

  Study phs003284

• Genome_wide_association_study_of_vaccine_responses_in_infants_living_in_the_Developing_World__VaccGene___Phase_II_African_Cohorts

  Human genetic heterogeneity accounts for approximately 70% of the observed variability inresponse to common childhood vaccinations. Identifying the elements of this heterogeneitywill enable the development of vaccines which have improved clinical and cost effectivenessthrough rational adjuventation approaches, or by targeting particular at-risk or responsivesubgroups. The studies published to date have been limited in terms of the number of vaccinesubtypes analysed, diversity of the populations included, sample sizes and breadth of otherenvironmental and lifestyle variables which may explain some of the remainder of variation inthe response to each vaccine. Nevertheless, these studies have proposed that the geneswhich harbour the variants associated with vaccine responsiveness reside within regions ofthe genome associated with immune function such as the HLA locus and FOXP1and ITGAL.We are proposing one of the largest genome-wide association studies of vaccine responseever undertaken, which will provide unparalleled power to identify the genetic factorsassociated with the response to all of the most commonly used childhood vaccinesworldwide. For the first phase of the project (Prelim I0308) we genotyped ca. 1,400 childrenfrom the Entebbe Mother and Baby (EMaB) study, an ongoing birth cohort in southernUganda, using the Illumina HumanOmni2.5-8 chip. Analyses for response to vaccinationagainst diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, measles, hepatitis B and BCGare now underway. Working alongside other ongoing studies, we plan for the second phaseof the project to expand sample sizes to up to 7,000 individuals in total. This large cohort willinclude 1,500 South African infants, 500 Burkina Faso infants, 1,800 children from Ecuadorand up to 1,800 from a variety of countries (MAL-ED Consortium). The principal measuredphenotypes will be the serological responses at 6 or 12 months of age to the vaccinesadministered to all enrolled children as part of expanded programme of immunisation in allcountries. As for the primary Ugandan study the responses will be analysed as quantitativetraits using mixed model (GEMMA) analyses following imputation using a combined 1000Genome and African Genome Variation Project reference panel. The data will be analysed asone large discovery mega-analysis to maximise the power of finding the relevant associatedvariants. Interim GWAS analyses will be performed on each population to test for populationspecific signals. Other phenotypes that will be assessed in the new studies includequantitative response to BCG, rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines (South Africa, Ecuadorand Uganda), clinical and immunological response to malaria vaccines (Burkina),immunological correlates of atopy (Ecuador and Uganda) and malaria infection (Burkina,Ecuador and Uganda) in addition to non-communicable disease traits such as blood pressurepage 1[A8] If applicable, provide text (abstract) which will accompany data for this study in the ENA/EGA.[A9] Does this project use samples?[A10] Please choose which types of sample you will be using[A12] Please state the anticipated date (month/year) samples will be available in-house (if known). If samples arealready in-house, type 'in-house' here. Please note that for sequencing, genotyping and microarrays this is essentialfor scheduling the work.[A13] Please state the anticipated project start date (month/year).[A14] Please state the project duration (months).[A15] Please read WTSI's Data Sharing Policy and Guidelines, then explain your data sharing plans for the project[A16] Are the data sharing plans of this project compliant with the Institute's Guidelines?[A17] Are there any conflicts of interest related to this proposal?(Uganda).We are requesting funds to genotype on the Illumina HumanOmni2.5-8 platform 2,000 Africaninfants recruited through ongoing maternal and child vaccine clinical trials (againstpneumococcus in Soweto, South Africa, and malaria in Banfora, Burkina Faso). The DNAfrom the Burkina cohort is at the University of Oxford and ready to be shipped, while the DNAfrom the South African cohort will be available by mid-2014. Appropriate consent for geneticanalyses has been acquired for the proposed study cohorts from both local ethics committeesand UK-based Committees.

  Study EGAS00001000918

• Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE): Epidemiologic Architecture for Genes Linked to Environment (EAGLE) - BioVU Cancer Project

  As part of Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology PAGE study (Phase I), the Epidemiologic Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (EAGLE I) project accessed both epidemiologic- and clinic-based collections. The epidemiologic-based collection of EAGLE I included the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES), ascertained between 1991-1994 (NHANES III), 1999-2002, and 2007-2008. NHANES is a population-based cross-sectional survey now conducted every year in the United States to assess the health status of Americans at the time of ascertainment and to assess trends over the years of survey. Genetic NHANES consists of 19,613 DNA samples linked to thousands of variables including demographics, health and lifestyle variables, physical examination variables, laboratory variables, and exposures. NHANES is diverse with almost one-half of the samples (46.4%) coming from self-reported Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks. In contrast to NHANES, BioVU is a clinic-based collection of >150,000 DNA samples from Vanderbilt University Medical Center linked to de-identified electronic medical records (EMRs). Approximately 12% of BioVU's overall DNA sample collection is from African American, Hispanic, and Asian patients. The overall goals of PAGE I and EAGLE I were broad and several-fold: Replicate genome-wide association study (GWAS)- identified variants in European Americans; Identify population-specific and trans-population genotype-phenotype associations; Identify genetic and environmental modifiers of these associations. NHANES is an excellent resource for the study of quantitative traits associated with common human diseases. However, given that the age range of NHANES spans childhood to late adulthood and not all diseases are surveyed, NHANES is less useful for the study of adult-onset diseases such as major cancers. Therefore, under American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding, EAGLE as part of PAGE I defined eight major cancers sites for genetic analysis in BioVU, Vanderbilt's biorepository linked to de-identified EMRs. The eight major cancers defined for this study included melanoma, breast, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, lung, endometrial, and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Cancer cases were defined using a combination of ICD-9 codes and tumor registry entries. Controls include BioVU participants without cancer and encompassing the age and gender distributions of cancer cases. Targeted genotyping of GWAS-identified variants for these diseases (124 SNPs) and ancestry informative markers (128 AIMs) was performed by the Center for Human Genetics Research Vanderbilt DNA Resources Core. After quality control, a total of 116 cancer-associated SNPs and 122 AIMs were available for downstream analyses.

  Study phs000559

• GA4GH

  Standards The EGA is a long-standing supporter of the Global Alliance for Genomics & Health (GA4GH) to enhance responsible sharing of human genetic data through the development of interoperable global standards for human data access. The EGA is one of the founding GA4GH Driver Projects and has contributed to the development and implementation of several GA4GH standards and APIs. Below is a list of the GA4GH standards and APIs that are currently available or planned for implementation at EGA. TechnicalStandards Purpose SpecificationVersion SupportedVersion Implementation Large Scale Genomics htsget A protocol for secure, efficient, and reliable access to sequencing read and variation data. V1.3.0 V1.0.0 Specification Documentation Endpoint Read File Formats (SAM/BAM/CRAM) Specifications for storing next-generation sequencing read data. V3.0.0 V3.0.0 Implementation Example of Usage Variation File Formats (VCF/BCF) The specifications for Variant Call Format Files (VCF) and its binary counterpart BCF. V4.0.0 V2.0.0 V4.0.0 V2.0.0 Implementation Example of Usage Crypt4GH v1.0 Enables direct byte-level compatible random access to encrypted genetic data stored in community standards (e.g. CRAM, VCF) V1.0 V1.0 Specification Documentation Endpoint refget API Enables access to reference sequences using an identifier derived from the sequence itself. V1.2.6 NA Specification RNAget API v1 Provides a means of retrieving data from several types of RNA experiments including (i) feature-level expression data from RNA-seq type measurements and (ii) coordinate-based signal/intensity data similar to a bigwig representation via a client/server model. V1.0.0 NA Documentation Discovery Beacon v2 Supports discovery of genomic variants, phenotypes, and individuals V1.0.1 V0.3 Web UI API Source Code Service Info API v1 The Service Info API is an endpoint for describing GA4GH service metadata, designed for extension and inclusion in other APIs. Service info is used to describe a single service, while Service Registry is used to describe multiple services. V1.0.0 NA Documentation Service Registry API v1 provides information about other GA4GH services, primarily for the purpose of organizing services into networks or groups and service discovery across organizational boundaries. V1.0.0 NA Documentation Data Use Researcher Identities Data Use Ontology (DUO) Allow users to semantically tag genomic datasets with usage restrictions, allowing them to become automatically discoverable based on a health, clinical, or biomedical researcher’s authorisation level or intended use. 2021-02-23 2021-02-23 Specification Documentation Endpoint Authentication & Authorization Infrastructure (AAI) The GA4GH AAI specification leverages OpenID Connect (OIDC) Servers for use in authenticating the identity of researchers desiring to access clinical and genomic resources from data holders adhering to GA4GH standards, and to enable data holders to obtain security-related attributes of those researchers. V1.2.0 V1.2.0 API URI: ega.ebi.ac.uk:8443 Documentation Repository Researcher IDs (passport, visa) Specify the collection of researchers that may access a dataset at any given time, and the credentials they must supply. V1.0.1 V1.0.1 Specification Documentation Endpoint Cloud Tool Registry Service API TRS is a standard API for exchanging tools and workflows to analyze, read, and manipulate genomic data. V2.0.1 NA Documentation Repostiory Data Repository Service API ​DRS API is a standard for building data repositories and adapting access tools to work with those repositories, works with other approved APIs from the GA4GH Cloud Work Stream to allow researchers to discover algorithms across different cloud environments and send them to datasets they wish to analyse. V1.0.3 NA Documentation Repostiory Workflow Execution Service API This API lets users run a single workflow (defined using CWL or WDL) on multiple different platforms, clouds, and environments, and be confident that it will work the same way. The API provides methods to request that a workflow be run, pass parameters to that workflow, get information about running workflows, and cancel a running workflow. V1.0.1 NA Documentation Repostiory Genomic Knowledge Standards Variation Representation v1 Provides a flexible framework of computational models, schemas, and algorithms to precisely and consistently exchange genetic variation data across communities. V1.3.0 EGA team is contributing to including it in in Beacon v2 Specification and Elixir Reference Implementation Documentation Repostiory Clin/ Pheno Data Capture Phenopackets Provides information models with different levels of complexity to enable high level clinical phenotype information as well as deep clinical phenotype information to be exchanged. V2.0.0 Included in Ongoing Submissions EGA team is contributing to including it in in Beacon v2 Specification and Elixir Reference Implementation Documentation Repostiory Driver Project The EGA, jointly coordinated by the EBI and the CRG, was announced, in 2017, to be one of the 15 Driver Projects for GA4GH. Driver Projects are international genomic data initiatives, focussed on real projects and challenges that will guide the development efforts in order to accelerate and enable completely responsible and standarised data sharing by 2022. All chosen Driver Projects make a cross-sectional effort by playing an important role across the different workstreams. Thomas Keane, Jordi Rambla, Mallory Freeberg, and Aina Jené have been named Driver Project Champions for the EGA. All Driver Project Champions will be leading this ambitious initiative for the following years.

  Documentation about/projects-and-funders/ga4gh

• NIDA Genetic Epidemiology of Opioid Dependence in Bulgaria (GEODB)

  The study was conducted in Bulgaria as a collaboration between the Molecular Medicine Center (Medical University, Sofia), the Bulgarian Addictions Institute (Sofia), the Initiative for Health Foundation (Sofia) and Washington University School of Medicine (Saint Louis, MO, USA). This is a case-population control study. Participants (N=2,499 interviews; N=1,995 with GWAS data) in our study are primarily active heroin users (78%) aged 18 and over, with a median 8.9 years of daily heroin use (minimum of 12 months). Virtually all participants (99.1%) qualified for a lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of dependence, symptom endorsement probabilities ranging from 77% to 99.3%; and 61% endorsing all symptoms. 85% were heroin injectors and 97% reported using (or having used) heroin daily. Anonymized, population-representative control samples (no phenotypic data, N = 1,062 with GWAS data) were drawn from the MMC repository. Unlike other studies, where samples are clinically ascertained (e.g., from ORT programs), our participants are primarily untreated. PTSD, major depression, suicidality, mania, alcohol, nicotine and substance dependence (separating heroin and opioids) were assessed using the MAGIC (Todd et al., 2003, PMID: 14627881), a broad semi-structured psychiatric assessment tool with good reliability and prospective stability. The onset of (any) illicit drug use in this sample is not particularly remarkable (age~16), but the age of onset of heroin use is much lower than in the USA: 25% by age 16; 50% by age 19, with no differences between ethnicities or gender. This is consistent with findings from other studies in Bulgaria. In contrast, in 2008, SAMHSA estimated an average age of 23.4 for new heroin initiates in the USA. Further, progression from first use to regular use appears to be more rapid, with the majority of participants reporting onset of dependence problems within one year of initiation. Another unique aspect of this study population are the comparatively low levels of polysubstance use (outside of nicotine and alcohol). This early-use, fast-transition and monosubstance heroin pattern stands in sharp contrast to what is reported in many studies in the Western World. In our study, 47% of Ethnic Bulgarians and 66% of Roma used only opioids, even years after the onset of drug use. 15.4% of Ethnic Bulgarians and 66.2% of Roma reported heroin as the very first illicit drug used. Lifetime, 12.5% of Ethnic Bulgarians and 52.8% of Roma report never having used another illicit drug other than heroin more than five times. While both Roma and Ethnic Bulgarians certainly experiment with other drugs, abuse/dependence rates for these drugs are low in Ethnic Bulgarians (from 8.4% for inhalants to 28% for stimulants) and in the Roma population (from 1.3% for hallucinogens to 11.2% for stimulants).

  Study phs001804

• Pathogenesis and Immunity in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma

  This genomic landscape of Burkitt lymphoma represents a multimodal sequencing of tumors and control tissues and individuals to better understand the etiology, and molecular pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma including the roles of the associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and EBV infections. Comprehensive sequencing set includes genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic datasets in concert with variable clinical phenotypes and outcome information such as anatomical presentation site, in-hospital survival rates, and EBV genome type. This deposit includes additional small RNA-seq data from endemic BL (eBL) tumors and RNA-sequencing data from sorted NK cell subsets from the peripheral blood of eBL patients. The additional small RNA-seq data are from tumor specimens from 17 eBL cases, of the previously deposited polyA RNA-seq data from 28 eBL cases (phs1282.V1). The additional RNAseq data from Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of NK cell subsets, isolated from the peripheral blood of 7 eBL cases. The additional RNAseq data are from eBL tumor samples of 5 eBL cases, BL cell lines established from these tumor samples and also NSG mouse tumors created by implanting the established BL cell lines into NSG mice. The dataset also includes RNAseq data of the NSG mouse tumors after treatment with Rituximab (RIT) and Phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The fifth batch of data includes mRNA-seq from different passages of a single eBL cell line that have variable EBV phenotypes (low passage with lytic EBV and high passage with latent EBV). This batch also includes lytic and latent lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) clones from a single blood donor generated through infection with the strain of EBV isolated from the aforementioned eBL cell line. For initial transcriptome analysis see: Kaymaz et al. "Comprehensive Transcriptome and Mutational Profiling of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma Reveals EBV Type-specific Difference." Molecular Cancer Research, 2017, PMID: 28465297. For initial microRNA analysis see: Oduor et al. "Human and Epstein-Barr Virus miRNA Profiling as Predictive Biomarkers for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma." Frontiers in Microbiology 8, 2017, PMID: 28400759. For initial NK subsets RNA expression analysis see: Forconi et al. "A new hope for CD56negCD16pos NK cells as unconventional cytotoxic mediators: an adaptation to chronic diseases." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2020, PMID: 32373555.For initial eBL cell line and mouse avatar RNA expression analysis see: Saikumar et al. "Endemic Burkitt lymphoma avatar mouse models for exploring inter-patient tumor variation and testing targeted therapies." Life Science Alliance, 2023, PMID: 36878637. For general overview of cohort study see: Buckle et al. "Factors influencing survival among Kenyan children diagnosed with endemic Burkitt lymphoma between 2003 and 2011: A historical cohort study." Int J Cancer. 15:1231, 2016, PMID: 27136063.

  Study phs001282

• Sickle Cell Disease Natural History Data Resource (SCD NHDR)

  Data Access NOTE Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. BackgroundThe NHLBI initiated the Sickle Cell Disease Natural History Data Resource (SCD NHDR) to leverage existing SCD studies to build a data resource to provide phenotypic data on contemporaneous control cohorts for gene therapy trials and other studies. The potential uses of the NHDR are broad, including providing matched controls for clinical trials, observing a cohort of untreated patients as part of a natural history study, or conducting comparative effectiveness research on a subpopulation with selected co-morbidities or drug treatment profiles. The SCD NHDR includes two multi-center SCD longitudinal cohort studies with extensive annual clinical data and patient surveys, the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium (SCDIC-I and SCDIC-II) and the Globin Research Network for Data and Discovery (GRNDaD). The SCDIC-I, initiated in 2017 and concluded in June 2022, enrolled over 2400 patients with SCD from 8 US treatment centers. The SCDIC-II reconsented 1220 of the SCDIC-I patients as well as enrolling an additional 450 new patients from the same 8 centers between September 2022 and October 2023, for a total of 1670 in SCDIC-II. Only two of the many GRNDaD centers are submitting data to the SCD NHDR for deposit into BDC (approximately 122 patients). Data submissions from the SCD NHDR to BDC will be annually starting in early 2024. Description of the Study Data All data obtained for the SCD NHDR are considered common data elements (CDEs) important for studies of SCD. These CDEs were identified from several workgroups of SCD experts convened under the NHLBI's Cure-SC Initiative (https://curesickle.org/cde-catalog). The following types of data elements were abstracted from the medical record – variables that describe the SCD diagnosis, SCD co-morbidities and other clinical complications, elements from the physical examination, medications and transfusions, insurance type, laboratory measurements, healthcare utilization, history of SCD-related procedures, and measurements from cardiac procedures. The following types of data were self-reported on the patient survey – demographics, diagnosis information, pain experience, social and mental health information, other patient reported outcome domains (e.g., sleep, fatigue), and alcohol and smoking history. Standard PRO measures were used from ASCQ-Me, PROMIS and Neuro-QoL. Patient surveys were completed approximately annually. Under SCDIC-I, two medical record abstractions and labs were reported at enrollment and approximately 3 years later. Under SCDIC-II and GRNDaD, all data are collected annually. Patients may refuse to complete the survey.

  Study phs003529

• Providing safe access to sensitive human data across borders: Federated EGA becomes a reality

  Enabling discovery and access to sensitive data across national boundaries is vital for improving human health. It enables more powerful and efficient research by increasing the volume and diversity of data available for analysis. It allows us to better understand the causes of diseases – cancer, rare diseases, infectious diseases like COVID-19 – and develop new medicines and treatments. Sensitive human omics data are typically generated by research initiatives and shared using specialist repositories which provide services for data submission, discovery, and access. The EGA is one such repository. Established in 2008 at EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) in the UK, since 2012 the EGA (“Central EGA”) has been jointly managed by EMBL-EBI and the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) in Spain. Many countries have emerging personalised medicine programmes which generate data from national initiatives. These programmes are driving a transition in human genomics from being research-driven to receiving funding through healthcare. Data generated in a clinical context are subject to stricter governance than research data and must follow national data protection legislation. To solve these challenges, the Federated EGA provides a network of connected resources to enable transnational discovery of and access to human omics data for research, while also respecting jurisdictional data protection regulations. In this way, the Federated EGA infrastructure supports the goals of European initiatives such as the 1+ Million Genomes initiative (1+MG), the European Health Data Space, and a number of EU-funded 1+MG implementation projects including Beyond 1 Million Genomes. The Federated EGA is made up of “Nodes” – typically nationally funded and operated – which store and manage data locally while allowing global discovery within the Federated EGA network. Since 2016, multiple parallel efforts, supported by ELIXIR and other transnational and national initiatives, have created technical and legal frameworks for establishing the Federated EGA. In 2022, the first five Nodes – Finland, Germany, Norway, Spain, and Sweden – officially joined the Federated EGA by signing Federated EGA Collaboration Agreements with Central EGA. The Finnish FEGA Node is operated by CSC - IT Center for Science and provides data management services according to national laws and the requirements of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These services provide tools and support for the whole life-cycle of sensitive research data from collating to analysis, publication, and authorised re-use. The development of the services has been a joint effort with the other Nordic nodes within NeIC's Tryggve and Heilsa projects, and funded by Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture and projects coordinated by ELIXIR Finland. Read more about Finnish FEGA signing. The German Human Genome-Phenome Archive (GHGA) strives to provide a national infrastructure as well as an ethical and legal framework that balances FAIR omics data usage and data protection needs for Germany. As a Germany-wide consortium funded by the German Research Foundation under the umbrella of the NFDI association, GHGA combines the expertise of 21 universities and research institutions to form a federated national infrastructure. Read more about GHGA signing. The German Human Genome-Phenome Archive (GHGA) strives to provide a national infrastructure as well as an ethical and legal framework that balances FAIR omics data usage and data protection needs for Germany. As a Germany-wide consortium funded by the German Research Foundation under the umbrella of the NFDI association, GHGA combines the expertise of 21 universities and research institutions to form a federated national infrastructure. Read more about GHGA signing. In Norway, a key component of the infrastructure is the services of The Sensitive Data Service (TSD) offered by USIT at University of Oslo. The Federated EGA Norway Node is developed by ELIXIR Norway and operated by the University of Oslo as the responsible legal entity. Core software modules are developed jointly with the other Nordic nodes in the NeIC Tryggve and Heilsa projects. Read more about FEGA Norway signing. The Spanish FEGA (es-FEGA) is a national service for storing sensitive biomedical data in Spain. Supported by the Spanish Institute of Bioinformatics (INB) in collaboration with Central EGA, sensitive research datasets are primarily hosted at the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre facilities. The Swedish Sensitive Data Archive is a secure data archive and sharing platform for sensitive datasets. It was developed by the National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS) in collaboration with other Nordic ELIXIR Nodes through the Tryggve and Heilsa projects funded by NeIC and coordinated with Central EGA through ELIXIR. Read more about the Swedish Node signing. The Swedish Sensitive Data Archive is a secure data archive and sharing platform for sensitive datasets. It was developed by the National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS) in collaboration with other Nordic ELIXIR Nodes through the Tryggve and Heilsa projects funded by NeIC and coordinated with Central EGA through ELIXIR. Read more about the Swedish Node signing. By providing a solution for secure and efficient management of human omics data, the Federated EGA aims to foster data reuse, enable reproducibility, accelerate biomedical research, and improve human health. Find out more Interested in setting up your own Federated EGA Node? Check out the FEGA Onboarding Knowledge Base for more information. The ELIXIR Federated Human Data Community is a great entry point for anyone interested in learning more about the Federated EGA. You can: Join the ELIXIR Federated Human Data Community mailing list (select “Human Data”) Attend the ELIXIR Federated Human Data Community calls

  Blog safe-access-to-sensitive-human-data-federated-ega

• From research to data sharing: exploring EGA user's experiences

  The Cell Plasticity and Regeneration Group at the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL focuses on the process of recruitment of macrophages that takes place in the small intestine during injury and healing. They recently published a paper titled “Mucosal Macrophages Govern Intestinal Regeneration in Response to Injury" in Gastroenterology Journal. As part of the research, some experiments were conducted using human intestinal organoid lines. These cells were processed for RNA sequencing, and the sequencing data were deposited at the EGA to be made available to the scientific community. When dealing with human genomic information, repositories must ensure the availability of the datasets while ensuring data protection. In this context, the European Genome-phenome Archive stands as a service for secure archiving and sharing of genetic, phenotypic and clinical data resulting from biomedical research. Following the recent publication of their paper, we took the opportunity to talk to Ilias Moraitis, first author, and Jordi Guiu, group leader, to find out about their experience with data sharing. Could you explain the focus of your research? In the lab, we study intestinal regeneration and how immune cells participate in this process. We use several techniques: engineered mouse models, image tracing, as well as mouse and human cells intestinal organoids. What challenges do you face regarding data management? We didn’t have a lot of problems. Always the informatic part, the data analysis, can give problems. But everything was smooth and working. We think it’s very important to deposit the data in repositories. For the mouse data it is very straightforward, but for us it was the first time depositing human data, which is sensitive because it comes from patients, and this is legally regulated. That’s why we thought about the EGA, and it was our first time. Why do you think it is important to submit data to repositories such as EGA? Because we think data is important for the science. Nowadays, we are sequencing a lot everywhere worldwide and having these resources shared with the scientific community it’s not only good for science, but it is also saving money and reducing costs. And there is so much data in there that can be used for other projects and for other questions. And it saves time! How was the process of submitting the data to the EGA? The communication worked very well but it was slower than we would like. But I think this is something we learn on the way. People usually wait until the last minute to do this before publication but if you know it in advance, you can start the process earlier. If you had to repeat the process, would you do anything differently? It’s like everything, isn’t it? For the first time you don’t know, you aren’t sure, but for the second time you know the steps, you know what to do and it’s faster. Of course, we would to do it earlier. Also, there were some things related to the control access that we didn’t know how to manage, but it was something more internal to us. Who is going to receive the communications and when, is our ethical committee going to evaluate this? All these technicalities that we didn’t know before starting this process, so we had to think about all these things. Next time it will be faster on our side. Do you have any suggestions for us to improve the submission process? Maybe we’ll need to ask our bioinformatician who did it! He was in charge of this part. Besides that, we think if the process were faster, it would be better for everyone. Also, in science a lot of times you have to do a lot of things at the very last minute, because of the nature of the experiments, or the need to accomplish for submitting a paper. Being faster in the process would be a plus. On your side, we went through the process and were able to find some information, but there were aspects we weren't aware of and weren't sure how to handle. I'm not sure if other institutes have different protocols for managing data requests or how they handle these internally. We believe the main issue lies in how the forms are filled out. Do you have any recommendations for other submitters? The main advice is to do this with enough time. Submit the data when you have the sequences, and don’t wait until the last minute. And then it can be under embargo, so you don’t need to make it public at that moment. As soon as you sequence, upload it and then it will be there for whenever you need to publish. How do you think we could encourage other researchers to submit their data? There are different layers here. One is that it is mandatory. You have to do this. The other is that we belong to a research community, to the same community and sharing this is making our research community stronger and more efficient. And then, also because this gives you visibility. The data is there, other people can analyse your data, and this also will bring citations to your papers. It has many advantages.

  Blog from-research-to-data-sharing

• Sequencing of an organoid biobank for childhood kidney cancers that captures disease and tissue heterogeneity.

  Kidney tumors are among the most common solid tumors in children, comprising several distinct subtypes differing in many aspects, including cell-of-origin, genetics, and pathology. Pre-clinical cell models capturing the disease heterogeneity are currently lacking. Here, we describe the first pediatric cancer organoid biobank. It contains tumor and matching normal organoids from over 50 children with different subtypes of kidney cancer, including Wilms tumors, malignant rhabdoid tumors, renal cell carcinomas, and congenital mesoblastic nephromas. The malignant rhabdoid tumor organoids represent the first organoid model for tumors of non-epithelial origin. The tumor organoids retain key properties of native tumors, useful for revealing patient specific drug vulnerabilities. We further demonstrate that organoid cultures derived from Wilms tumors consist of multiple different cell types, including epithelial, stromal and blastemal-like. Our organoid biobank captures the cellular heterogeneity of pediatric kidney tumors, providing a representative collection of well-characterized models for basic cancer research, drug-screening, and personalized medicine.

  Study EGAS00001003853

• APCDR Uganda GWAS: Genome-wide sequence variation and susceptibility loci for cardiometabolic traits in a sub-Saharan African population (UGWAS component)

  Genomic studies in African populations provide unique opportunities to understand disease aetiology, human genetic diversity and population history in a regional and a global context. To leverage the relative benefits of different strategies, we undertook a combined approach of genotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in a population-based study of 6,400 individuals from a geographically defined rural community in South-West Uganda. We present data from 4,778 individuals with genotypes for ~2.2 million SNPs from the Uganda GWAS resource (UGWAS), and sequence data on up to 1,978 individuals spanning 41.5M SNPs and 4.5M indels (UG2G); 343 individuals overlap between the two datasets. We highlight the value of the largest sequence panel from Africa to date as a global resource for variant discovery, imputation and understanding the mutational spectrum and its clinical relevance in African populations. Alongside phenotype data, we provide a rich new genomic resource for researchers in Africa and globally.

  Study EGAS00001001558

• Reference exome data for Australian Aboriginal populations to support health-based research

  Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a popular and successful technology which is widely used in both research and clinical settings. However, there is a paucity of reference data for Aboriginal Australians to underpin the translation of health-based genomic research. Here we provide a catalogue of variants called after sequencing the exomes of 50 Aboriginal individuals from the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia and compare these to 72 previously published exomes from a Western Australian (WA) population of Martu origin. Sequence data for both NT and WA samples were processed using an ‘intersect-then-combine’ (ITC) approach, using GATK and SAMtools to call variants. A total of 289,829 variants were identified in at least one individual in the NT cohort and 248,374 variants in at least one individual in the WA cohort. Of these, 166,719 variants were present in both cohorts, whilst 123,110 variants were private to the NT cohort and 81,655 were private to the WA cohort. Our data set provides a useful reference point for genomic studies on Aboriginal Australians.

  Study EGAS00001003745

• CIDR: NINDS High Throughput Genotyping Resource Access for Structural Hindbrain Disorders

  Recessive forms for many structural brain disorders (SBDs), including cerebellar hypoplasia (CBH), corpus callosum hypoplasia (CCH), cobblestone lissencephaly (COB), classical lissencephaly (LIS), microcephaly (MIC), and pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), have been described. Patients usually present to the clinic with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy. Subsequent brain MRI usually leads to the diagnosis of an SBD. While a handful of genes that cause these diseases have been identified, most patients do not have mutations in these genes, suggesting that there is still much work to be done in identifying the genetic causes of these disorders. We have recruited a cohort of families with inherited SBDs, most from families with documented parental consanguinity with more than one affected member. Current approaches utilizing exome sequencing of SBD affected members still leave most cases unsolved, in part because there are too many possible variants to consider. Linkage analysis will allow us to extract all the useful genetic information from the family, taking advantage of each genetically informative meiosis in each family. We propose to analyze up to 100 SBD families for 500 samples per year for 4 years, through the CIDR SNP Genotyping Service, in parallel with already-funded exome sequencing of affects, leveraging off an already funded Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) effort to identify new causes of SBDs. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying recessive pediatric SBDs will lead to better diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for patients, and may shed light on complex NDDs. Ultimately, this work will identify new genetic disease loci to provide insight into pediatric SBD, with the hope to mitigate the impact of SBD worldwide.Public Health Significance: NDDs affect approximately 4-­6% of the general population, most notably children, and are evident in disorders, such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism, with estimated yearly costs of $51.2B for intellectual disability, $11.5B for cerebral palsy, and $2.5B for visual impairment, making up >5% of total health care costs. Recessive NDDs impose enormous personal, social, and economic costs because of the early onset and the lifetime of medical dependence that often ensues. Genetic testing is critical to the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Many of the diseases under study have no treatment or cure. Structural brain diseases (SBDs) underlie a large percentage of these diseases, and are defined loosely as any condition in which defects in the structure or volume of a key brain component. SBDs are divided into major categories based upon the anatomical brain location. The major types involve the anatomical structures of the developing neural tube, forebrain, hindbrain, cerebral cortex, and those affecting overall brain size. For the purposes of this application, we have excluded SBDs resulting from environmental causes (i.e. prematurity-­induced), those below the brainstem, or those unlikely to be due to a germline or de novo mutation (i.e. focal SBDs or simplex disease).

  Study phs002621

• Submitting array based metadata

  Submitting array based metadata For further information please check our Submission FAQs, submission quickguide as well as submission terms! The submission metadata required for Array-based submission must be submitted using EGA programmatic submission and by completing the Array-based format (AF) template. The guidelines for this workflow are described on this page. Please notice that all files should be encrypted and uploaded prior to the processing of your EGA Array-based-Format (AF) template. You can request a legacy EGA submission account (ega-box-XXXX) by populating this form. Please, allow two business days for our Helpdesk team to contact you after populating this form. Please notice that all files should be encrypted and uploaded prior to the processing of your EGA-Array-based-Format (AF) template. Metadata Model Registering Metadata Use the EGA programmatic submission to register your Study, Samples, Data Access Committee (DAC) and Policy. This online interface enables you to create new and edit existing submissions. Do not use the Submitter Portal to register the metadata objects for array submissions. Please, go to the EGA programmatic submission. Registering Study Go to the EGA programmatic submission Submit an study XML Take a note of your study accession number (EGASXXXXXXXXXXX) To use the study accession number in a publication, we suggest the following format: "Sequence data has been deposited at the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), which is hosted by the EBI and the CRG, under accession number EGASXXXXXXXXXXX. Further information about EGA can be found on https://ega-archive.org "The European Genome-phenome Archive of human data consented for biomedical research"(https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1059 ). Registering Samples Go to the EGA programmatic submission Submit a sample XML Save the list of accession numbers. These will be needed for the AF template. Registering Data Access Committee Further information on the role of your DAC. Go to the EGA programmatic submission Submit a DAC XML Take a note of the DAC accession number (EGACXXXXXXXXXXX) Registering Policy Your Data Access Policy provides the terms and conditions of data use. This is also referred to as the Data Access Agreement (DAA). Completion of a DAA by the applicant/s should form part of the application process to the Data Access Committee (DAA) Go to the EGA programmatic submission Submit a Policy XML Take a note of the Policy accession number (EGAPXXXXXXXXXXX) Complete the Array-based format (AF) spreadsheet Once you have completed the registration of your Study, DAC and Policy using the programmatix submission, you must then complete and return the AF spreadsheet The AF spreadsheet consists on four components: Do not use EGA IDs registered using the Submitter Portal. You can easily identify objects registered in the Submitter Portal by their EGA ID pattern: EGA[A-Z]5{10 more digits} (e.g. for a sample EGAN50000002506). For populating an AF spreadsheet, please exclusively use EGA IDs following this specific pattern: EGA[A-Z]0{10 more digits} (e.g. for a sample EGAN00001691542). Tab1) Webin accessions : Provide the accession numbers for your study, DAC and policy. Please, also add your ega-box number. Tab2) Sample & phenotypes: Please, leave this tab blank. Tab3) Dataset: Describe the dataset to be created Tab4) Data files: Define how your data is going to be organised into datasets and packets for distribution (linkage between samples and files). Should further assistance be required after going through the guide below; please do not hesitate to contact the EGA helpdesk Once the AF spreadsheet is populated, please send it to our EGA helpdesk for further validation. AF spreadsheet Should your submission require multiple DAC's or policies, use ' ; ' to separate the accession numbers. Accessions AF spreadsheet: Samples & phenotypes Samples and phenotypes AF spreadsheet: Datasets We suggest that each dataset consists of a common set of data. The example below consists of two datasets, grouped according to shared data type, technology and by case/control. We also like to capture the number of unique samples that make up the dataset and the Data Access Committee (DAC) responsible for providing the named dataset and their policy (EGAP). Datasets AF spreadsheet: Data files What follows is an example of how to map your samples to the array based files added to your upload account (4th tab). Data Files Please, find below some practical examples on how to register the linkage between samples-files Case 1) 1 sample or list of samples in different datasets: Data Files In case you have a list of samples that belong to different datasets, please, repeat the samples accession number/s in the first column and link the sample to the corresponding dataset each time (each row). Each row is one linkage between sample-file-dataset. Case 2) 1 sample links to several files: Data Files In order to add multiple files to one sample you MUST use “ ; “ between filenames. Example: file1.gpg;file2.gpg;file3.gpg In case that you want to add an extra file to the sample (phenotype or .Rdata), please use “Additional files” column. Important note: You MUST upload the encrypted and unencrypted md5sum values of all files uploaded to your submission account using the filename nomenclature (file.gpg, file.md5,file.md5.gpg). Your submission will not be processed without md5values supplied for all files in the CORRECT format. What happens after the submission of a dataset? All datasets affiliated to unreleased studies are automatically placed on hold until the authorised submitted or DAC contact instructs our EGA helpdesk for the study to be released. Finally, your data is archived within our databases and prepared for encrypted distribution upon the request of permitted EGA account holders. We strongly advise you NOT to delete your data until we confirm that your data has been successfully archived.

  Documentation submission/metadata/submission/array

• Human Companion Data for 'A Transcriptomic Atlas of Mouse Cerebellar Cortex Reveals Novel Cell Types'

  In this study, we used single-nucleus RNA-seq to comprehensively define the cell specialization of the mouse cerebellar cortex and vermis. We focused in particular on two interneuron populations—the unipolar brush cells (UBCs) and the molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), identifying continuous variation within the former population, and a new discrete axis of variation in the latter. Human postmortem tissue was used to demonstrate that these specializations are evolutionarily conserved in primates. Together, these findings provide the first comprehensive cellular atlas of the cerebellar cortex, and outline a methodological and conceptual framework for the integration of molecular, morphological, and physiological ontologies for defining brain cell types.

  Study phs002414

• Transcriptomic Profiling of Peripheral Immune Cells in a Trial of Ruxolitinib with Nivolumab for Anti-PD1 Non-Responsive cHL

  Treatment with checkpoint inhibitors is effective in multiple cancer types. However, even in cancers with high response rates such as Hodgkin lymphoma, some patients fail to respond or relapse following an initial response to checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, we examined patients enrolled in a clinical trial of ruxolitinib with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (NCT03681561). Patients relapsed or refractory to anti-PD1 therapy received ruxolitinib for 8 days followed by nivolumab every 4 weeks and continued ruxolitinib twice daily. For this transcriptomic study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at baseline and 8 days of ruxolitinib therapy and analyzed by single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing.

  Study phs003601

• University of Zurich (UZH) - Snedeker lab

  Authorised Personnel: The individuals at the User Institution to whom University of Zurich (UZH) grants access to the Data. This includes the User, the individuals listed in Appendix II and any other individuals for whom the User Institution subsequently requests access to the Data. Details of the initial Authorised Personnel are set out in Appendix II. Data: The managed access datasets to which the User Institution has requested access. Data Producers: UZH and the collaborators listed in Appendix I responsible for the development, organisation, and oversight of these Data. External Collaborator: A collaborator of the User, working for an institution other than the User Institution. Project: The project for which the User Institution has requested access to these Data. A description of the Project is set out in Appendix II. Publications: Includes, without limitation, articles published in print journals, electronic journals, reviews, books, posters and other written and verbal presentations of research. Research Participant: An individual whose data form part of these Data. Research Purposes: Shall mean research that is seeking to advance the understanding of genetics and genomics, including the treatment of disorders, and work on statistical methods that may be applied to such research. User: The principal investigator for the Project. User Institution(s): The Institution that has requested access to the Data. UZH: University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland

  Dac EGAC50000000817

• Ultra-deep Error-corrected Sequencing of Peripheral Blood for Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients Undergoing AAA Surgery

  Patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery were enrolled to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of clonal hematopoiesis. Peripheral blood was collected at the time of surgical admission using PAXgene DNA tubes. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to ultra-deep error-corrected targeted sequencing using a custom gene panel covering recurrent clonal hematopoiesis-associated genes. Sequencing libraries were prepared following established protocols and sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq X system. The resulting dataset includes paired-end FASTQ files for each participant, enabling high-sensitivity detection of somatic variants down to low variant allele frequencies. This study provides a comprehensive sequencing resource for evaluating clonal hematopoiesis in AAA patients.

  Study JGAS000864

• A Combined Omics and Tissue Biobank for Paediatric Cancers

  The Swedish Childhood Tumour Biobank (BTB) is a nonprofit national infrastructure for samples and genomic data collection from pediatric patients diagnosed with central nervous system and other solid tumours in Sweden. Fresh frozen tumour tissue and patient’s matched blood are collected from affected patients and genomic data is continuously generated and made available for approved medical research projects. We expect that the accessibility of biological samples and/or data to the research community will contribute to further advances in the understanding of tumour biology, which in turn will impact many aspects of clinical care of children with cancer, by refining diagnosis and/or identifying oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets.

  Study EGAS50000000209

• Cancer Discovery Hub (CDH), National Cancer Center Singapore

  This is a DAC for data deposited into EGA generated by Cancer Discover Hub, NCCS. The use of datasets in this portal is solely for research and academic use only, uses other than the have to be approved by the relevant DAC members.

  Dac EGAC50000000039

• Data access committee for "Detection of brain cancer using genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentomes"

  The data access committee for “ Detection of brain cancer using genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentomes”. The DAC is comprised of Drs. Dimitrios Mathios, Jillian Phallen, Victor Velculescu, Robert Scharpf, Noushin Niknafs, and Shashikant Koul, and can be contacted at skoul3@jh.edu.

  Dac EGAC50000000605

• Fluctuating DNA methylation tracks cancer evolution at clinical scale

  Long-read Nanopore data of fCpGs from Gabbutt & Duran-Ferrer (2025) for developing the EVOFLUx method to study cancer evolution via DNA methylation fluctuations.

  Study EGAS50000001192

• TraIT Cell Line use case

  Experimental data collected from a set of cell lines. To be used as a test for pipelines and infrastructure.

  Study EGAS00001001476

• Prognostic markers of DNA methylation and NGS sequencing in progressive glioblastoma from the EORTC-26101 trial

  These dataset contains NGS data from 380 samples from the EORTC-26101 clinical trial for patients with progressive glioblastoma.

  Study EGAS00001007421

• Spontaneously differentiatiated iPSCs to EBs

  SUM-seq data (single-cell chromatin accessibility and gene expression) for spontaneously differentiatiated iPSCs. This data is the representative data in the Nature Protocols publication.

  Study EGAS50000001094

• Whole_genome_sequencing_of_in_vitro_colonies

  In this study we will perform whole genome sequencing on in vitro colonies. Colonies of various sizes (100-300 cells) will be collected for somatic mutation analysis.

  Study EGAS00001003112

• WGS of primary neuroblastoma data

  Study of ecDNA structure heterogeneity for 13 primary neuroblastoma patients from shallow long-read whole-genome sequencing (MinION platform, WGS mean-coverage 5-10X).

  Study EGAS50000000348

• Res1_HT29_exp2_MC_03_03_22

  1 sample is pure plasmid DNA and 10 samples are cell pellets for genomic DNA extraction. CRISPR PCR1 and PCR2 indexing - Please use standard Kozuke primers.

  Study EGAS00001006093

• Res1_H23_exp1_MC_04_03_22

  1 sample is pure plasmid DNA and 8 samples are cell pellets for genomic DNA extraction. CRISPR PCR1 and PCR2 indexing - Please use standard Kozuke primers.

  Study EGAS00001006091

• Res1_HT29_exp1_MC_02_03_22

  1 sample is pure plasmid DNA and 10 samples are cell pellets for genomic DNA extraction. CRISPR PCR1 and PCR2 indexing - Please use standard Kozuke primers.

  Study EGAS00001006092

• RNA-seq dataset for two NUP98-Rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemia PDX samples

  This dataset includes RNA-seq of two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples with NUP98-Rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Bam files are provided for each sample.

  Dataset EGAD50000001564

• Bulk WES Fastq Files for 103 Samples of Cornell-NCI DLBCL Genomic Project

  Paired-read fastq files were derived from standard Illumina WES NGS sequencing for 103 DLBCL biopsy samples. This is one of three datasets associated with the multi-platform NGS sequencing efforts of the Cornell-NCI DLBCL genomic study.

  Dataset EGAD50000001747

• BAM files from whole-exome sequencing of 5 agressive B-cell lymphoma tumour samples

  This dataset contains BAM files from whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 5 agressive B-cell lymphoma tumour samples for cases 2, 3, 4 and 5. For case 2, non-tumor whole-exome sequencing is also available.

  Dataset EGAD50000000803

• FMT metagenomics triads and plasma metabolomics

  These are the metagenomic datasets of 29 FMT traids with corresponding plasma metabolomics. Data for each triad consists of metagenomics for baseline, post FMT and corresponding donor. Clinical data concerning the glucose rate of disappearance and blood pressure are available as phenotypes.

  Dataset EGAD50000000599

• scRNA-seq from lung cancer organoids and immune cells

  15 scRNA-seq samples were multiplexed, and 5' 10X Chromium scRNA-seq was performed. This dataset provides the FASTQ files for the multiplexed data, as well as the BAM files for the demultiplexed samples.

  Dataset EGAD50000000845

• WES data for genomic determinants of response and resistance to inotuzumab in B-ALL

  Whole exome sequencing data for 69 samples with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Dataset EGAD50000000097

• Array data for oesophageal and related samples – sj_paper_methyl_barretts_release

  Array data for oesophageal and related samples – sj_paper_methyl_barretts_release

  Dataset EGAD00010001838