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• Early Onset and Progression of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Lung Disease Prior to 10 Years of Age

  Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic defect in airway host-defense, and typically results in chronic infection of the airways. Patients with PCD have chronic lung, sinus and ear infections. This longitudinal study is designed to define the rate of progression of PCD lung function in participants prior to 10 years of age using special lung function tests, which help to track lung impairment and prognosis in other disorders of the airways such as cystic fibrosis. This longitudinal protocol will also systematically track other specific outcomes, including pathogens infecting the airways (assessed by respiratory cultures), and age at onset and progression of airway damage and bronchiectasis [assessed by high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of the chest].

  Study phs001310

• Genetic makeup of agnospheres

  Agnospheres are cultures of cancer stem cells isolated from tissue biopsies from patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUPs). The latter is a lethal malignancy (median survival <1 year), representing approximately the 3% of all cancers, and characterized by metastatic dissemination in the absence of a primary tumor recognizable by a standardized protocol including thorough body imaging and histopathological analysis. Agnospheres are long-term propagated in culture and, after subcutaneous injection into immunocompromised mice, they display high tumorigenicity and quickly reproduce the clinical presentation of the original tumor, featuring a multi-organ metastatic pattern and poorly differentiated histology. The goal of the project is to analyse the mutational profile of agnospheres in detail, as to verify its correspondance with that of the original tumors. Genetic information will be exploited to investigate the genetic drivers of the CUP phenotype, in particular the hypermetastatic ability and the differentiative block.

  Study EGAS00001004868

• Comprehensive analyses of genetic aberrations in cholangiolocarcinoma

  The nature of CLC is still unclear and its pathological classification still remains controversial. To clarify the positioning of CLC among primary liver cancers, and to find characteristics that could distinguish CLC from other liver cancers.

  Study JGAS000597

• UK10K NEURO FSZNK

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches. This Finnish schizophrenia sample set has been collected from a population cohort using national registers. The entire sample collection consists of 2756 individuals from 458 families of whom 931 are diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Families outside Kuusamo (n=288) all had at least two affected siblings. All diagnoses are based on DSM-IV and for a large fraction of cases there is cognitive data.For further details/descriptions with regard to this data set please contact Tiina Paunio (tiina.paunio@thl.fi)

  Study EGAS00001000119

• Capmatinib shows superior efficacy for MET-fusion driven pediatric high-grade glioma and synergizes with radiotherapy

  Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children and can be subclassified into multiple entities. Fusion genes activating the MET receptor tyrosine kinase often occur in infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG) but also in other pHGGs, and are associated with devastating morbidity and mortality. To identify new treatment options, we established and characterized two novel orthotopic mouse models harboring distinct MET fusions. These included an immunocompetent, murine allograft model and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) from a MET-fusion iHG patient who failed conventional therapy and targeted therapy with cabozantinib. With these models, we analyzed the efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of three MET inhibitors, capmatinib, crizotinib and cabozantinib, alone or combined with radiotherapy (RT).

  Study EGAS50000000137

• SCLC

  The aim of this study is to use sequence data generated from 500 bp paired end reads using the Illumina platform to characterise the breakpoints of chromosomal translocations, amplifications and deletions at high resolution (to the bp).

  Study EGAS00001000009

• Multidimensional and Longitudinal Immune Profiling of Sepsis in Uganda

  We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of adults (RESERVE-U-2-TOR) admitted to Tororo General Hospital in eastern Uganda with severe, undifferentiated infection (i.e., suspected sepsis). Briefly, whole-blood samples were collected in PAXgene blood RNA tubes (PreAnalytiX, Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA), from which RNA was extracted using PAXgene Blood RNA Kits (cat. no. 762164) (Qiagen). Sequencing libraries were constructed with the NEBNext Ultra II RNA Library Preparation Kit for Illumina, after which libraries were multiplexed and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform (Illumina, Inc, San Diego, CA). Data from this study available through dbGaP include raw RNA-Seq data generated from whole-blood samples collected upon RESERVE-U-2-TOR study enrollment (N=274).

  Study phs003914

• Bulk-tissue paired-end RNA-sequencing of anterior cingulate cortex samples derived from Lewy body disease patients

  Profiling of 24 human anterior cingulate cortex samples by bulk-tissue RNA-sequencing. Samples were derived from 5 non-neurological control individuals and 19 individuals with Lewy body disease (Parkinson’s disease = 7 individuals; Parkinson’s disease with dementia = 6 individuals; dementia with Lewy bodies = 6 individuals). Paired-end FASTQ files for each of the human samples are provided and are denoted by the suffixes R1 (read 1) and R3 (read 2). Fastp (v 0.20.0), a fast all-in-one FASTQ pre-processor, was used for adapter trimming, read filtering and base correction. Fastp default settings were used for quality filtering and base correction. Further details on parameters used are available here: https://github.com/RHReynolds/RNAseqProcessing/blob/master/QC/prealignmentQC_fastp_PEadapters.R.

  Dataset EGAD00001007698

• Variant calling dataset from the whole-exome study of familial pulmonary fibrosis in the Canary Islands-VCF files

  Sequence reads were obtained from a set of 13 families with familial pulmonary fibrosis in the Canary Islands, Spain, using Illumina paired-end reads, respectively, at the Institute of Technology and Renewable Energy (ITER). Briefly, we used bcl2fastq v2.18 to perform sample demultiplexing and BWA-MEM v0.7.15 (https://github.com/lh3/bwa) to align reads to GRCh37/hg19 reference. Resulting BAM files were assessed with SAMtools v1.3 (http://www.htslib.org) and Picard v2.10.10 (https://broadinstitute.github.io/picard/) for quality control steps. Small insertions/deletions (< 50 bp) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified using an in-house bioinformatics pipeline based on GATK HaplotypeCaller v3.8 (https://gatk.broadinstitute.org/hc/en-us/articles/360037225632-HaplotypeCaller). This pipeline follows the Best Practices recommendations for germline variant calling and its description is publicly available (https://github.com/genomicsITER/benchmarking/tree/master/WES).

  Dataset EGAD50000001152

• Whole genome sequencing

  Whole genome sequencing of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) tumours and matched normals from 15 patients with homologous recombination deficiencies. The dataset includes fastq files from 56 HGSC tumours (1 primary, 1 relapse, 54 end-stage) and 15 matched normals. Sequence libraries were generated from tumour and matched normal genomic DNA using the KAPA HyperPrep PCR-free library preparation kit (Roche), or the Illumina TruSeq DNA Nano kit according to manufacturer’s instructions. Sequencing was carried out by the Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics Sequencing Laboratory (Sydney, Australia) on the HiSeq X Ten System (Illumina) or by the Australian Genome Research Facility (Melbourne, Australia) on an Illumina NovaSeq to a minimum base coverage of 30-fold for normal DNA and 60-fold for tumour DNA samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001009746

• ZFHX4 is necessary for dopaminergic neuron differentiation and controls cell cycle by regulating LIN28A

  ZFHX4 as a transcription factor specifically induced during the in vitro differentiation of iPSC-derived mDANs. Depletion of ZFHX4 during neuronal differentiation led to a significant reduction in the number of mDANs while its overexpression did not lead to any changes in mDAN count. Identification of ZFHX4 target genes using CUT&Tag profiling and RNA-seq upon ZFHX4 knock-down (KD) revealed its involvement in cell cycle regulation during mDAN differentiation

  Dataset EGAD50000001605

• Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by genome-wide haplotyping of cell-free plasma DNA

  This dataset contains a total of 10 families and 51 samples presented in 'Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by genome-wide haplotyping of cell-free plasma DNA' study, in which 9 of them are cfDNA samples and the rest of samples are gDNA samples. All the samples are targeted sequencing data with a custom 45Mb capture library . Raw pair-end fastq files for each sample is available.

  Dataset EGAD00001004989

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Heart Healthy Lenoir (HHL) Genomics Study

  The HHL genomics study uses a systems approach to develop models integrating clinical and genomic data. Previously we developed and tested an approach known as the SAMARA (Supporting A Multidisciplinary Approach to Research in Atherosclerosis) project that applied recent advances in biomedical and computational sciences at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to develop a deeper understanding of human cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Heart-Healthy Lenoir Project expands these studies into the community, using this methodology to: 1) determine the prevalence of genomic risk signatures in high-risk community populations using genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis; 2) develop novel genomic models incorporating high-risk features in this population; and 3) determine whether genomic signatures can be used to predict responsiveness to interventions that underlie CVD disparities. DNA was obtained from participants enrolled in two of the HHL clinical trials, 1) Improving Care for Patients With High Blood Pressure (NCT01425515) or 2) Heart-Healthy Lenoir Lifestyle Study (NCT01433484). Participants could enroll in both trials concurrently.

  Study phs001471

• WXS and RNA-seq for 22 patients treated with radiation + immunotherapy

  Over 500 active clinical trials are investigating combination radiation (RT) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) as a cancer treatment; however, the majority of trials have found no positive interaction. We performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of a randomized phase I clinical trial of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent or sequential ablative RT and ICB. Concurrent treatment was superior to sequential treatment in augmenting local and distant tumor responses and improving overall survival in a subset of patients with highly aneuploid tumors, but not in those with less aneuploid tumors. Our analysis suggested that concurrent treatment eliminated immunologically cold aneuploid tumors better than sequential treatment and improved patient outcomes. In addition, we report that RT alone decreased intratumoral cytotoxic effector T cell and adaptive immune gene expression signatures, in contrast to upregulation of key immune pathways after concurrent administration of RT and ICB. Our findings distinguish the differential genomic and transcriptomic effects of RT versus RT and ICB and challenge the prevailing paradigm that local ablative RT beneficially stimulates the immune response. We propose the use of tumor aneuploidy as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in personalizing treatment approaches for patients with NSCLC treated with RT and ICB.

  Study EGAS00001006212

• Variants from a subset of genes from WES of adult AML patient samples

  The aim if this study was to identify variants in a specific list of genes in samples from adult AML patients. The gene list includes DNA repair and mitochondrial respiratory chain genes.

  Study EGAS00001006185

• Machine learning to detect the SINEs of cancer

  We previously described an approach called RealSeqS to evaluate aneuploidy in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) through the amplification of ~350,000 repeated elements with a single primer. We hypothesized that an unbiased evaluation of the large amount of sequencing data obtained with RealSeqS might reveal other differences between plasma samples from patients with and without cancer. This hypothesis was tested through the development of a novel machine-learning approach called Alu Profile Learning Using Sequencing (A-PLUS) and its application to samples from 5108 individuals, 2037 with cancer and the remainder without cancer. Samples from cancer patients and controls were pre-specified into four cohorts used for: 1) model training, 2) analyte integration and threshold determination, 3) validation, and 4) reproducibility. A-PLUS alone provided a sensitivity of 40.5% across 11 different cancer types in the Validation Cohort, at a specificity of 98.5%. Combining A-PLUS with aneuploidy and 8 common protein biomarkers detected 51% of 1167 cancers at 98.9% specificity. We found that part of the power of A-PLUS could be ascribed to a single feature – the global reduction of AluS sub-family elements in the circulating DNA of cancer patients. We confirmed this reduction through the analysis of another independent dataset obtained with a very different approach (whole genome sequencing). The evaluation of Alu elements therefore has the potential to enhance the performance of several methods designed for the earlier detection of cancer.

  Study EGAS00001007169

• WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA IN VHL PATIENT

  To characterize clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC), we set up a comprehensive multi-omics pilot study on a VHL-ccRCC-patient. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was applied on six ccRCCs, four cysts and one blood DNA sample as germinal control. Raw-data were analyzed with GENomics-DRAGEN platform. We will upload WGS-Data for 11 samples (6 ccRCCs, 4 Cysts, 1 blood).

  Dataset EGAD50000000425

• Merged analysis-ready bam files: HiSeq sequencing of matched tumour/normal DNA samples from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma cases

  Additional sequencing data for 173 donors in EGAS00001000154, a study of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. WGS libraries were used for high-cellularity cases, WXS sequencing to high depth on low-cellularity cases. HiSeq 2xxx platform was used in all cases. The analysis files associated with this dataset are merged, de-duplicated bams aligned against GRCh37, one tumour and one normal bam per donor.

  Dataset EGAD00001002192

• Evolution of an adenomacarcinoma in response to selection by targeted kinase inhibitors

  Background - Adenocarcinomas of the tongue are rare and represent the minority (20-25%) of salivary gland tumors affecting the tongue. We investigated the utility of massively parallel sequencing to characterize an adenocarcinoma of the tongue, before and after treatment. Results - In the pre-treatment tumor we identified 7,629 genes within regions of copy number gain. 1,078 genes exhibited increased expression relative to the blood and unrelated tumors and four genes contained somatic protein-coding mutations. Our analysis suggested the tumor cells were driven by the RET oncogene. Genes whose protein products are targeted by the RET inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib correlated with being amplified and or highly expressed. Consistent with our observations administration of sunitinib was associated with stable disease lasting 4 months, after which the lung lesions began to grow. Administration of sorafenib and sulindac provided disease stabilization for an additional 3 months after which the cancer progressed and new lesions appeared. A recurring metastasis possessed 7,288 genes within copy number amplicons, 385 genes exhibiting increased expression relative to other tumours and 9 new somatic protein coding mutations. The observed mutations and amplif ications were consistent with therapeutic resistance arising through activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways. Conclusions - We conclude that complete genomic characterization of a rare tumour has the potential to aid in clinical decision making and identifying therapeutic approaches where no established treatment protocols exist. These results also provide direct in-vivo genomic evidence for mutational evolution within a tumor under drug selection and potential mechanisms of drug resistance accrual.

  Study EGAS00000000074

• Investigation of the genetic basis of the rare syndrome Post-Transfusion Purpura (PTP)

  The Post-Transfusion Pupura (PTP) syndrome although rare has severe side effects for 5-10 cases per annum in the UK as a result of transfusion. High quality DNA has been isolated from either whole blood or from cryopreserved mononuclear cells of 4 patients in order to study our postulation that the condition is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a specific gene.

  Study EGAS00001000053

• Gene_Characterization_in_Carbohydrate_metabolic_alterations__neonatel_diabetes___congenital_hyperinsulinemic__in_early_childhood

  Whole Exome Sequencing of trios (proband + parents) or probands only with Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM) or Congenital Hyperinsulinism of Infancy (CHI) of unknown genetic origin. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002074

• Somatic L1 Retrotransposition in Colorectal Tumors

  The purpose of this study is to ascertain the locations of somatic LINE-1 retrotransposition events in human colon tumor samples by pooling multiple tumor samples from different patients and performing a targeted resequencing assay (Ewing and Kazazian, Genome Research 2010) to sequence the 3&#39; flanking regions of all insertions in the pooled sample. The result is compared to the result of applying the same method to pooled normal samples from the same patients as were used in the pooled tumor sample and selecting sites that show an insertion in the tumor but not in the normaltissue and do not correspond to any known non-reference LINE-1 insertion allele. The selected sites are then validated by site-specific PCR and capillary sequencing to confirm that they represent LINE-1 insertions and to obtain breakpoint sequences.

  Study phs000536

• Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab in gastroesophageal cancer: CheckMate 649 biomarker analyses

  First-line nivolumab-plus-chemotherapy demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) versus chemotherapy for advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649). Nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab provided durable responses and higher survival rates versus chemotherapy; however, the prespecified OS significance boundary was not met. To identify biomarkers predictive of differential efficacy outcomes, exploratory analyses were performed using whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing. Nivolumab-based therapies demonstrated improved efficacy versus chemotherapy in hypermutated and, to a lesser degree, Epstein Bar Virus-positive tumors compared with chromosomally unstable and genomically stable tumors. Within the KRAS-altered subgroup, only patients treated with nivolumab-plus-chemotherapy demonstrated improved OS benefit versus chemotherapy. Low stroma gene expression signature scores were associated with OS benefit with nivolumab-based regimens; high regulatory T-cell signatures were associated with OS benefit only with nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab. Our analyses suggest that distinct and overlapping pathways contribute to the efficacy of nivolumab-based regimens in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.

  Study EGAS50000000747

• Custom long non-coding RNA capture enhances detection sensitivity in different human sample types.

  Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of transcripts that lack protein coding potential and display regulatory functions in various cellular processes. As a result of their cell- and cancer-specific expression patterns, lncRNAs have emerged as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The accurate characterization of lncRNAs in bulk transcriptome data remains challenging due to their low abundance compared to protein coding genes. To tackle this issue, we describe a unique short-read custom lncRNA capture sequencing approach that relies on a comprehensive set of 565,878 capture probes for 49,372 human lncRNA genes. This custom lncRNA capture approach was evaluated on various sample types ranging from artificial high-quality RNA mixtures to more challenging formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and biofluid material. The custom enrichment approach allows the detection of a more diverse repertoire of lncRNAs, with better reproducibility and higher coverage compared to classic total RNA-sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001005418

• Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancer Specimens by Bulk and Single Cell Analysis

  Version 1: We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of fresh biopsies from metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Additionally, where available, we performed matched bulk whole exome sequencing (WXS; tumor and normal paired) and whole transcriptome sequencing for the same individuals. We also performed bulk whole exome (WXS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) from FFPE pre-treatment biopsies from patients with clinically localized high-risk prostate cancer.Version 2: We added data from a randomized phase 2 trial of radium-223 with or without pembrolizumab in patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) to bone. After enrollment, study participants underwent bone biopsy and were randomized 2:1 to receive radium-223 at 55 kBq/kg every 4 weeks + pembrolizumab at 200 mg every 3 weeks (Arm A, R223+P) or radium-223 at 55 kBq/kg every 4 weeks alone (Arm B, R223). Stratification factors were alkaline phosphatase &#8805;220 vs. Data generated includes bulk whole exome sequencing (WXS), ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing (WGS) at 0.1X coverage, and targeted-capture sequencing. The ultra-low pass sequencing was used as part of the selection criteria for the target capture sequencing. Note: Two subjects in this study are linked to phs001577 and phs000915 respectively.

  Study phs001988

• Single Cell DNA amplicon sequencing of 12 B-ALL patients (at diagnosis and during treatment)

  This dataset contains single cell DNA amplicon sequencing of 12 B-ALL patients. For all patients a diagnosis sample was processed, while 4 patients were also followed up during treatment, summing up to a total of 23 samples. Mutations were called in the predefined set of amplicons.

  Dataset EGAD00001006955

• Dataset for LCPlus_WES

  WES/WGS sequencing data of 86 chromothriptic tumor and control runs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001009273

• Exome sequencing of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms

  Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive haematological malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Due to the rarity of BPDCNs our knowledge of their molecular pathogenesis was until recently confined to observations describing reccurent chromosomal deletions involving chromosomes 5q, 12p, 13q, 6q, 15q and 9. A recent publication went on to delineate the common deleted regions using aCGH and demonstrated that these centred around known tumour suppressor genes including CDKN2A/B (9p21.3), RB1 (12p13.2-14.3), CDKN1B (13q11-q12) and IKZF1 (7p12.2). These mutations are found recurrently in several different cancers and in most cases are thought to be involved in tumour progression rather than initiation. However, the well-defined nature and cellular ontogeny of these neoplasms suggests strongly that they share one or a few characteristic mutations as has been demonstrated for other uncommon but well-defined neoplasms such as Hairy Cell Leukemia (BRAF) and ovarian Granulosa Cell tumours (FOXL2).

  Dataset EGAD00001000406

• Genetics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Japan

  Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common hematological malignancy. Treatment with standard chemotherapy results in long-term remission in approximately 60% of patients. Whole-exome sequencing studies of large DLBCL cohorts revealed the biological diversity of tumors and facilitated the identification of genetic subtypes based on genetic alterations. Despite the progress facilitated by NGS, genetic classification is difficult to apply in clinical practice because of the complexity of the clustering algorithm. Furthermore, only a few reports included large Asian cohorts. Thus, a genetic overview of Japanese patients with DLBCL is still needed. Thus, in this study, we aimed to establish the clinical application of our simplified genetic classification algorithm in Japanese DLBCL.

  Study JGAS000307

• Bulk-tissue RNA-sequencing paired nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of anterior prefrontal cortex, cerebellar cortex and putamen tissues from post-mortem neuropathologically-confirmed control individuals.

  Gaining insight into the genetic regulation of gene expression in human brain is key to the interpretation of genome-wide association studies for major neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses have largely been used to achieve this, providing valuable insights into the genetic regulation of steady-state RNA in human brain, but not distinguishing between molecular processes regulating transcription and stability. RNA quantification within cellular fractions can disentangle these processes in cell types and tissues which are challenging to model in vitro. We investigated the underlying molecular processes driving the genetic regulation of gene expression specific to a cellular fraction using allele-specific expression (ASE). Applying ASE analysis to genomic and transcriptomic data from paired nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of anterior prefrontal cortex, cerebellar cortex and putamen tissues from 4 post-mortem neuropathologically-confirmed control human brains, we demonstrate that a significant proportion of genetic regulation of gene expression occurs post-transcriptionally in the cytoplasm, with genes undergoing this form of regulation more likely to be synaptic. These findings have implications for understanding the structure of gene expression regulation in human brain, and importantly the interpretation of rapidly growing single-nucleus brain RNA-sequencing and eQTL datasets, where cytoplasm-specific regulatory events could be missed.

  Study EGAS00001006380

• Dysregulation of Naive T Cell Quiescence during Aging

  TEA-seq (novel trimodal single-cell analysis of mRNA transcripts, surface protein epitopes, and chromatin accessibility) was performed on CD3+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy pediatric (11&#8211;13 yrs, n = 8) and older adult (55&#8211;65 yrs, n = 8) female donors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was additionally performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a healthy cohort of 16 pediatric, 16 young adult (25&#8211;35 yrs), and 16 older adult donors with equal sex distribution. Using these data, we dissected the compositional and molecular alterations within the T cell compartment across the spectrum of healthy age, showing broad transcriptional and epigenetic alterations within the T cell compartment of older adults compared to children, as well as a novel population of pediatric-specific CD8aa T cells.

  Study phs003400

• CCDG CVD: VIRGO - Variation in Recover-Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Patients

  The VIRGO study is a four year research project funded by the NHLBI to study young women and men with heart attacks. A total of 2,000 women who are 18 - 55 years of age and a smaller comparison group of 1,000 similarly aged men will be enrolled in this multi-site observational study from approximately 120 different hospitals across the country. Young women have a much greater risk of dying after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than similarly aged men. Their mortality risk is markedly higher than that of young men, and limited data on young minority women suggest that they may have the highest risk of any young subgroup. Findings from the small number of published studies of young women with ischemic heart disease suggest that the biology, epidemiology, care, and outcomes of this group are distinct from those of men. To date, there have been no large studies of this population, even as the death toll is comparable to that from breast cancer in this country. This study will help researchers identify key factors that influence recovery from a heart attack and potentially improve the care and outcomes of young women and men with AMI. Specific Aims: To investigate the excess risk in young women with AMI and to identify key demographic, clinical, metabolic, psychosocial, health care delivery, and biological determinants of prognosis, we propose a national, prospective, observational study of 2,000 women who are 55 years or younger with AMI and a smaller comparison group of 1,000 men. Our prior work and preliminary studies indicate that the sex differences are most prominent in this age group and suggest that by 1 year after discharge, there are substantial sex differences in outcomes. We will also develop risk stratification tools that will help clinicians to identify young women with the highest and lowest risk. Specific Aim 1: Determine sex differences in outcomes following AMI. Specific Aim 2: Determine sex differences in the prevalence and prognostic importance of demographic, clinical, and psychosocial risk factors. Specific Aim 3:Determine sex differences in quality of care. Specific Aim 4: Determine sex differences in the prevalence and prognostic importance of selected biochemical biomarkers following AMI. These samples have been whole genome sequenced as part of the NHGRI&#39;s Center for Common Disease Genetics at the Broad Institute.

  Study phs001259

• Genomic abnormalities of TP53 define distinct risk groups of paediatric B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  Whole exome sequencing data from 90 diagnostic lymphoma samples run and published as part of the Leukemia manuscript. 133 total exomes were sequenced including tumour and normal controls. Copy number array data was also generated for 95 patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001008162

• FOXM1 is a biomarker of resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in ER+ breast cancer that is detectable using metabolic imaging (RNA-seq data)

  PIK3CA, encoding the PI3Kα isoform, is the most frequently mutated oncogene in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors are used clinically but intrinsic and acquired resistance limits their utility. Improved selection of patients that will benefit from these drugs requires novel predictive biomarkers. We show here that persistent FOXM1 expression following drug treatment is a biomarker of resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in ER+ breast cancer. Since the transcription factor drives expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) but not hexokinase 2 (HK-II), changes in FOXM1 expression can be detected using magnetic resonance imaging of LDH-catalyzed hyperpolarized 13C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate but not by PET measurements of HK-II-mediated trapping of the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose.

  Study EGAS00001004452

• WES in HCCOs with varying Doxorubicin resistance

  We aimed to identify somatic mutations that could explain the resistance to Doxorubicin. Therefor, we purified Exomes from liver biopsies and HCC organoids using Agilent SureSelectXT (clinical research exome, HS2 V8, or Human all Exon V6 Cosmic) and performed WES. Matched non-tumoral liver biopsies served as the control for germline mutations. 12 of these samples were previously reported. Sequence reads were aligned to the reference human genome GRCh38 using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA, v0.7.17). Duplicate removal, base quality adjustment, mutation calling (Mutect2, intervals: SureSelectXT_HS_V8_S33266340, germline-recourse: gnomad.exomes.r2.1.1.sites.liftover_grch38, Panel-of-Normal: 1000g_pon.hg38), filtering of Mutect calls, and functional annotation (Funcotator, funcotator_dataSources.v1.7.20200521g) were performed using the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK, v4.4) according to the Broad Institute best practices in Somatic short variant discovery workflows. Mutations with a functional annotation of Deletion, Insertion, Non-stop, Splice-Site, Start-Codon and Missense mutations were kept. A list of 43 commonly mutated genes in HCC was analyzed in the HCC organoids [TCGA, Comprehensive and Integrative Genomic Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell, 2017. 169(7): p. 1327-1341.e23].

  Study EGAS50000000043

• Kalirin-RAC controls nucleokinetic migration in ADRN-type neuroblastoma

  The migrational propensity of neuroblastoma is affected by cell identity, but the mechanisms behind the divergence remain unknown. Using RNAi and time-lapse imaging, we show that ADRN-type NB cells exhibit RAC1- and kalirin-dependent nucleokinetic (NUC) migration that relies on several integral components of neuronal migration. Inhibition of NUC migration by RAC1 and kalirin-GEF1 inhibitors occurs without hampering cell proliferation and ADRN identity. Using three clinically-relevant expression dichotomies, we reveal that most of up-regulated mRNAs in RAC1- and kalirin-GEF1-suppressed ADRN-type NB cells are associated with low-risk characteristics. The computational analysis shows that, in a context of overall gene set poverty, the upregulomes in RAC1- and kalirin-GEF1-suppressed ADRN-type cells are a batch of AU-rich elements (ARE)-containing mRNAs, which suggests a link between NUC migration and mRNA stability. GSEA-based search for vulnerabilities reveals prospective weak points in RAC1- and kalirin-GEF1-suppressed ADRN-type NB cells, including activities of H3K27- and DNA methyltransferases. Altogether, these data support the introduction of NUC inhibitors into cancer treatment research.

  Study EGAS00001005023

• Molecular profiling of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) as compared to acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

  Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, male-predominant myeloid malignancy that is characterized by the malignant proliferation of precursor plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) with morphologic and molecular similarities to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in its presentation within the bone marrow and peripheral blood. To identify disease-specific molecular features of BPDCN, we profiled bone marrow, peripheral blood and serum samples from primary patient samples using an in-house hematologic malignancy panel (“T300” panel), transcriptome microarray, and serum multiplex immunoassays and compared results to a cohort of AML patients.

  Study EGAS00001003453

• Single-Nuclei RNA Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics of Human Heart Right Atrial Appendage and Pericardial Fluid in Cardiovascular Disease

  This dataset includes single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics data from biopsies of the right atrial appendage and pericardial fluid, collected during open-heart surgeries. The samples represent various clinical contexts, including control, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. For each biopsy, nuclei were isolated, and RNA sequencing libraries were prepared using the 10x Genomics Chromium v3 platform. Additionally, spatial transcriptomics was performed on the heart samples. The dataset provides raw sequencing data, which includes fastq files generated from these libraries, offering valuable insights into the cellular composition of heart tissues and associated fluids across different disease states.

  Dataset EGAD50000000927

• Berlin Neuroblastoma Patient Genomic Data from Targeted Sequencing for Detection of TERT rearrangement breakpoints to monitor neuroblastoma

  Our objective was to establish a liquid biopsy-based monitoring strategy for pediatric high-risk neuroblastomas that are harboring genomic TERT rearrangements at diagnosis. TERT rearrangement breakpoints are detected by a hybrid capture-based neuroblastoma DNA panel sequencing (published in PMID: 34442335) in tumor material and are reflected in cell-free tumor DNA and can serve as robust biomarkers for disease activity. Within the dataset, 5 tumors of 4 pediatric patients with a neuroblastoma were DNA sequenced. Provided are FASTQ data files, bam and bambai files, as well as breakpoint spanning and encompassing read (enspan) bam and bambai files. Sequencing bam data files are aligned to GRCh37.p13 reference genome (processed).

  Dataset EGAD00001011088

• ovarian cancer sample exome seq

  Tissue samples were collected from 18 ovarian cancer patients. After mechanical and enzymatic dissociation, a part of these tissues underwent growth factoromics analysis. For four cases, single-cell sequencing analysis was conducted under conditions with or without estradiol. Additionally, the remains of the tissues were frozen and subsequently subjected to exome sequencing on 16 of these samples. Sixteen cases were diagnosed as HGSOC, while two samples were clear cell or mucinous type (Extended Data Table 1). All cases were grade 3, and none had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

  Dataset EGAD50000002057

• Multi-Omic Investigation of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Wilms Tumor

  Wilms&#8217; Tumor (WT), also known as nephroblastoma, is one of the most common malignant kidney tumors diagnosed in children. One of the most common WT predisposition syndromes is Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS, OMIM: 130650), which affects approximately 1/10,000 live births. In this study, we perform Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), DNA methylation array, and messenger RNA-Sequencing (mRNA-Seq), to examine the genomic, methylomic, and transcriptomic signature of BWS WT. We analyzed six tumor-normal paired samples, three BWS tumor only samples, and four non-BWS control samples to identify BWS WT drivers.

  Study phs002769

• Single cell karyotype sequencing of 7 samples from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients

  Contains data for all cells sequenced for this study. Data is organized as one bam-file per sample. Individual cells can be identified through the CB tag in the bam-files.

  Dataset EGAD00001006438

• Detection of isoforms and genomic alterations by high-throughput full-length single-cell RNA sequencing in HGSOC

  Understanding the complex background of cancer requires genotype-phenotype information in single-cell resolution. Long-read single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), capturing full-length transcripts, lacked the depth to provide this information so far. Here, we increased the PacBio sequencing depth to 12,000 reads per cell, leveraging multiple strategies, including artifact removal and transcript concatenation, and applied the technology to samples from three human ovarian cancer patients. Our approach captured 152,000 isoforms, of which over 52,000 were novel, detected cell type- and cell-specific isoform usage, and revealed differential isoform expression in tumor and mesothelial cells. Furthermore, we identified gene fusions, including a novel scDNA sequencing-validated IGF2BP2::TESPA1 fusion, which was misclassified as high TESPA1 expression in matched short-read data, and called somatic and germline mutations, confirming targeted NGS cancer gene panel results. With multiple new opportunities, especially for cancer biology, we envision long-read scRNA-seq to become increasingly relevant in oncology and personalized medicine.

  Study EGAS00001006807

• Nasal epithelial cells of PCD and non-PCD patients grown at air-liquid interface for RNAseq analysis

  Nasal epithelial cells of PCD and non-PCD patients grown at air-liquid interface for RNAseq analysis. A total of 10 non-PCD patients (ALI day 14), 9 non-PCD patients (ALI day 21), 8 non-PCD patients (ALI day 28), 4 PCD patients (ALI day 14, day 21 and day 28), and 23 PCD patients (ALI day 21). Non-PCD patients and the 4 PCD patients on the three ALI days were sequenced at a depth of 100M reads, the remaining 23 PCD patients were sequenced at a depth of 70M. Overall sequencing design was rRNA depletion and 150bp paired-end.

  Dataset EGAD00001009498

• Viral integration analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma using virus capture sequence.

  Hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA is frequently integrated into the genome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic HBV infection (chronic HBV, hereafter), whereas it is yet to be clarified in patients after HBV disappearance (prior HBV, hereafter). This study aimed to identify viral integration such as HBV and adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) into the HCC genome as oncogenic event.

  Study JGAS000194

• Single nuclei ATAC-Seq data from the human ganglionic eminences

  Data generated through single nuclei ATAC sequencing on whole ganglionic eminences from 3 human fetuses (two of 16 and one of 17 gestational weeks). Tissue was acquired from the MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource with ethical approval. snATAC-Seq libraries were prepared from ~8,000 nuclei per sample using Chromium Next GEM Single Cell ATAC (v1.1) reagents (10X Genomics). Quality control of libraries was performed using the Agilent 5200 Fragment Analyzer before sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 to a depth of at least 617 million read pairs per library. Raw sequencing data were converted into FASTQ files. For a full description of data generation, please see Cameron et al, Schizophrenia Bulletin 2024, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbae083. Please note that 10X generated BAM files, rather than FASTQ files, have been uploded. FASTQ files can be regenerated using the 10X Genomics bamtofastq tool. https://support.10xgenomics.com/docs/bamtofastq

  Dataset EGAD50000000601

• Analysis of Papilloma Infiltrating T cells from an Exceptional Responder to Immunotherapy

  This data corresponds to single cell RNA-seq data of TIL from a young woman with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis who was treated with PD-L1 blockade and experienced durable disease control over a 4+ year period. A HPV6 E2-specific, HLA-B*55 restricted TCR was identified and shown to be present in both the immediate post treatment and 4 year TIL, with a gene expression profile indicative of being a tissue resident memory T cell.&nbsp;

  Study phs002826

• Mutational Landscape of Lethal Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer

  Exome sequencing of matched pairs of tumor / normal genomic DNA was performed from high risk localized prostate cancer or lethal, metastatic, castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Exome libraries were prepared using Illumina Paired_End Genome DNA Sample Prep Kit and captured using Agilent SureSelect Capture Library or Roche EZ Exome capture library. Sequencing was performed on Illumina GAII and HiSeq 2000 platforms in paired end mde, with 80 base pair reads from the final library fragments. Copy number alterations and somatic mutations were identified.

  Study phs000554

• Genetic Basis of Isolated Arhinia and Bosma Arhinia Microphthalmia Syndrome

  The goal of this project is to determine the genetic etiology of congenital arhinia and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome through a combination of whole-exome, whole-genome, and targeted sequencing followed by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo functional modeling.

  Study phs001246

• Pediatric HGG WES and RNA-Seq

  Paediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is the leading cause of paediatric brain tumour death. Here we performed RNA and whole exome sequencing on pHGG samples to analyse transcriptomic and genetic alterations associated with this devastating disease, and to understand the relationship between them.

  Study EGAS00001005687

• High-Resolution Clonal Mapping of Multi-Organ Metastasis, and Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

  Clonal dynamics during metastasis were studied in two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models established from treatment-naive primary breast tumors from TNBC patients diagnosed with concurrent metastatic disease. Genomic sequencing and barcode-mediated clonal tracking revealed robust alterations in clonal architecture between primary tumors and metastases. Polyclonal seeding and maintenance of low-abundance subclones was observed in each metastatic lesion examined. Lung, liver, and brain metastases were enriched for an identical population of subclones. Clones dominating multi-organ metastases shared a genomic lineage. Thus, properties of rare mammary tumor subclones enabled the seeding and colonization of metastases in multiple secondary organ sites. In this study, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of treatment-naive TNBC and serial biopsies from TNBC patients undergoing NACT were used to elucidate mechanisms of chemoresistance in the neoadjuvant setting. Barcode-mediated clonal tracking and genomic sequencing of PDX tumors revealed that residual tumors remaining after chemotherapy maintained the subclonal architecture of untreated tumors yet their transcriptomes, proteomes, and histologic features were distinct from those of untreated tumors. Once treatment was halted, residual tumors gave rise to chemotherapy-sensitive tumors with similar transcriptomes, proteomes, and histological features to those of untreated tumors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that tumors can adopt a reversible drug-tolerant state that does not involve clonal selection as a chemotherapy resistance mechanism. Serial biopsies obtained from patients with TNBC undergoing NACT revealed similar histologic changes as well as maintenance of stable subclonal architecture, demonstrating that PDXs capture molecular features characteristic of human TNBC chemoresistance.

  Study phs001742

• TNF-induced dynamic regulation of mRNA stabilome in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes

  During rheumatoid arthritis (RA), TNF activates fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) inducing in a temporal order a constellation of genes, which perpetuate synovial inflammation. Although the molecular mechanisms regulating TNF-induced transcription are well characterized, little is known about the impact of mRNA stability on gene expression and the impact of TNF on decay rates of mRNA transcripts in FLS. To address these issues we performed RNA sequencing and genome-wide analysis of the mRNA stabilome in RA FLS. We found that TNF induces a biphasic gene expression program: initially, the inducible transcriptome consists primarily of unstable transcripts but progressively switches and becomes dominated by very stable transcripts. This temporal switch is due to: a) TNF-induced prolonged stabilization of previously unstable transcripts that enables progressive transcript accumulation over days and b) sustained expression and late induction of very stable transcripts. TNF- induced mRNA stabilization in RA FLS occurs during the late phase of TNF response, is MAPK-dependent, and involves several genes with pathogenic potential such as IL6, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL8/IL8, CCL2, and PTGS2. These results provide the first insights into genome-wide regulation of mRNA stability in RA FLS and highlight the potential contribution of dynamic regulation of the mRNA stabilome by TNF to chronic synovitis.

  Study phs001371

• Single-cell/single-nucleus RNA-seq of Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes (ETMR)

  Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a pediatric brain tumor with dismal prognosis. We analyzed eleven ETMR patient samples using single-cell transcriptomics. We reveal a spatially distinct cellular hierarchy that spans highly proliferative neural stem-like cells and more differentiated neuron-like cells. C19MC is predominantly expressed in stem-like cells and controls a transcriptional network governing stemness and lineage commitment. Systematic analysis of receptor-ligand interactions between malignant cell types reveals FGFR and NOTCH signaling as oncogenic pathways. Our study provides fundamental insights into ETMR pathobiology and a powerful rationale for more effective targeted therapies.

  Study EGAS50000000937

• Juvenile Sjogren's Syndrome (JSS) Transcriptome Study

  Sj&#246;gren's disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with major clinical manifestations of dryness in the eyes and mouth, fatigue, and joint pain. Our interdisciplinary experts in SjD at the University of Florida newly discovered and established a cohort of SjD in children. Many of these patients with childhood SjD (cSjD) demonstrated a prominent feature of recurrent parotitis (RP). To understand the immunopathogenesis of childhood SjD (cSjD) for the first time in the field, we profiled the transcriptome of five groups of four PBMC samples by unbiased, high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq): cSjD (n=4), non-cSjD (n=4), biopsy-positive non-cSjD (BP, n=4), biopsy-positive non-cSjD with RP (BPRP, n=4), and healthy controls (HC, n=4). In this study, RNA sequencing data, as well as all barcodes.tsv.gz, features.tsv.gz, and matrix.mtx.gz that may be used to create a Seurat object in R, will be availableTo protect the confidentiality of subjects, certain data were not assessed or collected in the subject phenotype dataset, such as race, age, height, weight, and education.

  Study phs003048

• ATAC-seq of iPSC-derived NF1-CDKN2A-PRC2 deficient neural crest mimicking MPNST progression

  ATAC-seq data used in the paper "iPSC-derived NF1-CDKN2A-PRC2 deficient neural crest mimics MPNST glial-to-neuro-mesenchymal transition and uncover new therapeutic opportunities" by Uriarte-Arrazola, 2026. The uploaded data was used to explore and validate the cellular model as an MPNST progression model.

  Study EGAS50000001764

• WGS of iPSC-derived NF1-CDKN2A-PRC2 deficient neural crest mimicking MPNST progression

  WGS data used in the paper "iPSC-derived NF1-CDKN2A-PRC2 deficient neural crest mimics MPNST glial-to-neuro-mesenchymal transition and uncover new therapeutic opportunities" by Uriarte-Arrazola, 2026. The uploaded data was used to explore and validate the cellular model as an MPNST progression model.

  Study EGAS50000001765

• RNA-seq of iPSC-derived NF1-CDKN2A-PRC2 deficient neural crest mimicking MPNST progression

  RNA-seq data used in the paper "iPSC-derived NF1-CDKN2A-PRC2 deficient neural crest mimics MPNST glial-to-neuro-mesenchymal transition and uncover new therapeutic opportunities" by Uriarte-Arrazola, 2026. The uploaded data was used to explore and validate the cellular model as an MPNST progression model.

  Study EGAS50000001766

• mutational landscape of normal human breast

  The accumulation of somatic mutations in the healthy breast throughout life and pregnancy is poorly understood. Here we describe whole genome sequencing analysis of epithelial and stromal compartments from the normal breast. We aimed to study how pregnancy and age affect both the mutational burden and the clonality of the healthy breast, and the subsequent implications on breast cancer risk.

  Study EGAS00001004672

• University of Miami Udall Center of Excellence Identification of Rare Variants in PD through Whole Exome Sequencing

  The focus of this study is to identify a new level of genetic variation, i.e. rare genetic variants with a population frequency less than 5%, usually less than 1%, which are believed to provide a stronger risk per variant than those studied to date in the large genome wide association studies (GWAS). To do this we are generating whole exome sequencing data on the Illumina HiSeq. Each HiSeq produces at least 600 billion base pairs of DNA sequence in one run. Whole exome sequencing sequence data, about 50 million base pairs, or about 1.5% of the total DNA of each person&#39;s genome, is generated. We are using this data to look for new DNA variations that give risk for Parkinson disease, as well as &#34;modifiers&#34;, that may lead to having more severe or milder disease or later or earlier ages of onset.

  Study phs000908

• Single Cell RNA Transcriptomics of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Reveals the Presence of Treatment-Resistant Subclones at the Time of Diagnosis

  Mantle cell lymphoma is a chronically relapsing B cell neoplasm characterized by clonal heterogeneity. We implemented single cell RNA sequencing of paired tumor samples from four patients with an aggressive nodal MCL at diagnosis and after failure of standard immunochemotherapy. Clustering the cells based on the inferred CNVs showed small subclones present at diagnosis with a CNV profile similar to the major subclone at relapse. Comparison of these subclones to major subclones present at diagnosis revealed 119 upregulated pathways common for the four patient with an aggressive MCL, including NF-kappaB and PTEN signaling pathways. Additionally, we sequenced a patient with an indolent to blastoid MCL transformation with intestinal tissue involvement. In contrast to other compartments at relapse, the cells in the intestine showed strikingly different CNV profile and presence of new driver mutations including NOTCH1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that scRNAseq can potentially detect therapy resistant subclones at diagnosis.

  Study EGAS50000000825

• Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumoroids reveal subgroup-specific drug vulnerabilities

  Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) represent a rare, but aggressive pediatric brain tumor entity. They are genetically defined by mutations in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex members SMARCB1 or SMARCA4. ATRTs can be subdivided in different molecular subgroups based on their epigenetic profiles. Although recent studies suggest that the different subgroups have distinct clinical features, subgroup-specific treatment regimens have not been developed thus far. This is hampered by the lack of pre-clinical in vitro models representative of the different molecular subgroups. Here, we describe the establishment of ATRT tumoroid models from the ATRT-MYC and ATRT-SHH subgroups. We demonstrate that ATRT tumoroids retain subtype-specific epigenetic and gene expression profiles. High throughput drug screens on our ATRT tumoroids revealed distinct drug sensitivities between and within ATRT subgroups. Our ATRT tumoroids represent the first pediatric brain tumor organoid model, providing representative pre-clinical models allowing for the development of subtype-specific therapies.

  Study EGAS00001006422

• National Cancer Institute Multi-Ancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Kidney Cancer (NCI-3)

  The National Cancer Institute (NCI) multi-ancestral genome-wide association study (GWAS) of kidney cancer ("NCI-3") was performed by NCI to further investigate common genetic variants associated with risk of kidney cancer and its two major subtypes across individuals of different ancestries (European, African, East Asian, Latin American). The NCI-3 GWAS includes 12,315 cases and 73,091 controls from 25 centers in North America, South America and Europe, genotyped using the Illumina Global Screening Array v2.0. SNP-level results from this GWAS were combined by meta-analysis with results from two earlier NCI European-ancestry GWAS (RCC; phs000351: 1,311 cases and 3,424 controls and phs001736: 2,417 cases and 4,391 controls), a NCI GWAS of African Americans (phs000863; 255 cases and 375 controls), GWAS conducted at other institutions [International Agency for Research on Cancer (scan 1: 2,438 cases and 5,071 controls; scan 2: 2,781 cases and 2,940 controls), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (scan 1: 893 cases and 556 controls, scan 2: 1,241 cases and 1,712 controls) and the Institute for Cancer Research, UK (944 cases and 4,024 controls)] and GWAS analyses of data from three large biobanks (Biobank Japan: 523 cases and 86,306 controls; FinnGen: 2,095 cases and 304,956 controls; UK Biobank: 1,807 cases and 348,824 controls). Only individual-level data from NCI-3 and the two MD Anderson Cancer Center scans are included in this dbGaP submission. All study-specific and meta-analysis summary statistics are included.

  Study phs003505

• UK10K NEURO IMGSAC

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches.The IMGSAC cohort is an international collection of families containing children ascertained for ASDs (autism spectrum disorders). The affected individuals are have been phenotyped, including using the ADI-R and ADOS instruments. Individuals with a past or current medical disorder of probable etiological significance or TSC have been excluded. Where possible, karyotyping has been performed on one affected individual per family to exclude Fragile X syndrome. Many of the samples have been genotyped, using the Affymetrix 10k and Illumina 1M platforms. All samples to be included in the current study are of UK origin.For further information on this cohort please contact Jeremy Parr (jeremy.parr@newcastle.ac.uk).

  Study EGAS00001000120

• Mutational analysis reveals the origin and therapy-driven evolution of recurrent glioma

  Tumor recurrence is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Therapies for recurrent disease may fail, at least in part, because the genomic alterations driving the growth of recurrences are distinct from those in the initial tumor. To explore this hypothesis, we sequenced the exomes of 23 initial low-grade gliomas and recurrent tumors resected from the same patients. In 43% of cases, at least half of the mutations in the initial tumor were undetected at recurrence, including driver mutations inTP53, ATRX, SMARCA4, and BRAF; this suggests that recurrent tumors are often seeded by cells derived from the initial tumor at a very early stage of their evolution. Notably, tumors from 6 of 10 patients treated with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide (TMZ) followed an alternative evolutionary path to high-grade glioma. At recurrence, these tumors were hypermutated and harbored driver mutations in the RB (retinoblastoma) and Akt-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathways that bore the signature of TMZ-induced mutagenesis.

  Study EGAS00001000579

• Comprehensive analysis of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour (ATRT) using genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic techniques.

  ATRTs (Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours) represent one of the most aggressive pediatric brain cancers, but intriguingly exhibit few other recurrently mutated loci except for SMARCB1/hSNF5. We integrated whole genome (n=15), exome, copy number, gene expression and methylation analyses to comprehensively interrogate 64 ATRTs and observed that structural events were relatively frequent in the ATRT genome (~3 tumour). In addition to SMARCB1, which was targeted by structural events in a majority (49/64) of tumours, recurrent structural alterations targeting the LRP1B, CDH13, BCR and MKL1 loci were observed. We observed novel translocation events, including 2 targeting SMARCB1 which were detected only by NGS analyses. Significantly, integration of gene expression and methylation profiles with genomic analyses revealed ATRT comprise two sub-groups with distinct clinical and genetic features. Group 1 tumours were characterized by supra-tentorial brain location, focal intragenic alterations of SMARCB1 and a pro-neural gene expression signature with evidence of NOTCH pathway activation. While Group 2 ATRTs were characterized by infra-tentorial brain location, broad SMARCB1 alterations and an activation of the BMP signalling pathway. Our findings highlight epigenetic mechanisms as important determinants of ATRT tumour phenotypes, and demonstrate for the first time that ATRTs arising in different anatomical compartments comprise distinct molecular and therapeutic sub-groups.

  Study EGAS00001000506

• Development and validation of multivariate predictors of primary endocrine resistance to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors in luminal breast cancer reveal drug-specific differences

  Background: Endocrine therapy is highly effective in blocking the estrogen receptor pathway in HR+/HER2- early breast cancer (EBC). However, up to 40% of patients experience relapse during or after adjuvant endocrine therapy. Here, we investigate molecular mechanisms associated with primary resistance to endocrine therapy and develop predictive models. Results: TP53 mutations were prominently associated with primary resistance to both tamoxifen (TAM) and aromatase inhibitors (AI), with AI non-responders exhibiting resistance in up to 32% of cases. Additionally, we identified distinct DNA methylation patterns in TAM and AI non-responders, with TAM non-responders showing global DNA methylation loss, associated with KRAS signaling, apical junctions and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, we observed methylation gain in AI non-responders affecting developmental transcription factors, hypoxia and estrogen signaling. TAM or AI resistance was associated with increased methylation-inferred proportions of immune cells and decreased proportions of endothelial cells. Based on these findings and patient age, we developed the Predictive Endocrine ResistanCe Index (PERCI). PERCI stratified NR and R cases in both treatment groups and cohorts with high accuracy (ROC AUC TAM discovery 93.9%, validation 83%; AI discovery 98.6%, validation 76.9%). A simplified PERCI efficiently predicted progression-free survival in the TCGA-BRCA sub-cohort (Kaplan-Meier log-rank p-value = 0.03 between low and high PERCI groups). Conclusions: We identified genomic and epigenomic features associated with primary resistance to TMA and AI. By combining information on genomic alterations, patient age, differential methylation and tumor microenvironment (TME) composition, we developed PERCI TAM and PERCI AI as novel predictors of primary resistance, with potential additional prognostic value. Applying PERCI in a clinical setting may allow patient-specific drug selection to overcome resistance.

  Study EGAS50000001102

• Dac for "Development of a fully human glioblastoma-in-brain-spheroid model for accelerated translational research"

  This is the DAC for "Development of a fully human glioblastoma-in-brain-spheroid model for accelerated translational research" of Philipp Koch (philipp.koch@zi-mannheim.de), Frank Winkler (Frank.Winkler@med.uni-heidelberg.de), Moritz Mall( m.mall@dkfz-heidelberg.de)

  Dac EGAC50000000480

• Autosomal recessive CD70 deficiency is associated with combined immunodeficiency and EBV viremia

  We describe four patients from two unrelated families of different ethnicities who had primary immunodeficiency predominantly manifesting as susceptibility to EBV-related diseases. We performed whole exome sequencing (P1 and P2 from family 1) or whole genome sequencing (P4 and both parents from family 2) in those two families and identified homozygous frameshift or in-frame deletions in CD70 in these patients which abolished either CD70 surface expression or binding to its counter structure CD27. Sanger sequencing identified the same homozygous CD70 mutation in P3, which is not included in the dbGaP submission. Autosomal recessive CD70 deficiency is a novel cause of combined immunodeficiency and EBV-associated diseases, reminiscent of CD27 deficiency.

  Study phs001245

• Multimodal Genomic Features Predict Outcome of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

  Despite progress in immunotherapy, identifying patients that respond has remained a challenge. Through analysis of whole-exome and targeted sequence data from 5,449 tumors, we found a significant correlation between tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor purity, suggesting that low tumor purity tumors are likely to have inaccurate TMB estimates. We developed a new method to estimate a corrected TMB (cTMB) that was adjusted for tumor purity and more accurately predicted outcome to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). To identify improved predictive markers together with cTMB, we performed whole-exome sequencing for 104 lung tumors treated with ICB. Through comprehensive analyses of sequence and structural alterations, we discovered a significant enrichment in activating mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes in non-responding tumors in three immunotherapy-treated cohorts. An integrated multivariable model incorporating cTMB, RTK mutations, smoking-related mutational signature, and HLA status provided an improved predictor of response to immunotherapy that was independently validated.

  Study EGAS00001003892

• Data for the study "Plasma ctDNA is a tumor tissue surrogate and enables clinical-genomic stratification of metastatic bladder cancer"

  Sequencing data from patients with bladder cancer. BAM files from targeted DNA sequencing of bladder cancer driver genes in 344 circulating tumor DNA and tumor tissue samples. BAM files from whole exome sequencing of 49 circulating tumor DNA and tumor tissue samples. Paired FASTQ files from RNA sequencing of 86 tumor tissue samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001006362

• H3Africa - An integrated approach to the identification of genetic determinants of susceptibility to trypanosomiasis

  The over-arching aim of this network is to improve the health of people living in some of the poorest countries in the world that carry a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases. Despite their importance, the study of many tropical diseases has lagged behind that of diseases of developed countries. This network will redress the balance by performing high quality research into two neglected tropical diseases, human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and schistosomiasis. Our aim is to investigate the genetic determinants of the human reservoirs of HAT and schistosomiasis, filling an important knowledge gap, while extending and strengthening the underpinning infrastructure to deliver these scientific objectives in particular by developing the next generation of African geneticists.

  Study EGAS00001007173

• L1-Seq and Genome-Wide SNP Genotyping in a Multiethnic Asian Population

  Insertions of the human-specific subfamily of LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon are highly polymorphic across individuals and can critically influence the human transcriptome. We hypothesized that L1 insertions could represent genetic variants determining important human phenotypic traits, and performed an integrated analysis of L1 elements and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several human populations. We found that a large fraction of L1s were in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with their surrounding genomic regions and that they were well-tagged by SNPs. However, L1 variants were only partially captured by SNPs on standard SNP arrays, so that their potential phenotypic impact would be frequently missed by SNP array-based genome-wide association studies. We next identified potential phenotypic effects of L1s by looking for signatures of natural selection linked to L1 insertions; significant extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH) was detected around several L1 insertions. This suggests that some of these L1 insertions may have been the target of recent positive selection.

  Study phs000732

• CAGE Profiling of ncRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reveals a Strong Activation of Retroviral LTR Promoters in Virus-Induced Tumors

  The ncRNA transcriptome of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unexplored. We used CAGE to characterize transcription start sites across different etiologies of human HCCs with emphasis on ncRNAs. Here we report that retroviral LTR promoters, expressed in healthy tissues such as testis and placenta but not liver, are widely activated in HCC. Despite HCC heterogeneity, a subset of LTR-derived ncRNAs were more than 10-fold up-regulated in the vast majority of samples. HCCs with a high LTR activity mostly had a viral etiology, were less differentiated and showed higher risk of recurrence. CAGE enabled us to build a promoter map for HCC, which uncovers a new layer of complexity in HCC genomics.

  Study phs000885

• Liver Tumours WGS (2020-02-20)

  The aim of this study is to define the mutational landscape of human liver tumours. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-02-20.

  Dataset EGAD00001005993

• Resistance_to_MAPK_inhibitor_induces_internal_duplication_in_BRAF

  2 BRAFV600E cell lines that have been made resistance to 1. the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 and 2. the combination therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib seem to have a internal duplication in the kinase domain. We would like to know if this is caused by a translocation.

  Study EGAS00001001304

• RNAseq_of_patients_with_Ewings_sarcoma

  Cancer is driven my mutations in the genome. We will uncover the mutations that give rise to Ewing’s sarcoma, a bone tumour that largely affects children. We will use second generation Illumina massively parallel sequencing, and bespoke software, to characterise the genomes and transcriptomes of Ewings’ sarcoma tumours.

  Study EGAS00001000267

• Ewings_Sarcoma_Rearrangement_Screen

  Cancer is driven by mutations in the genome. We will uncover the mutations that give rise to Ewing’s sarcoma, a bone tumour that largely affects children. We will use second generation Illumina massively parallel sequencing, and bespoke software, to characterise the genomes and transcriptomes of Ewings’ sarcoma tumours.

  Study EGAS00001000362

• Exome_sequencing_of_patients_with_Ewings_sarcoma_

  Cancer is driven by mutations in the genome. We will uncover the mutations that give rise to Ewing’s sarcoma, a bone tumour that largely affects children. We will use second generation Illumina massively parallel sequencing, and bespoke software, to characterise the genomes and transcriptomes of Ewings’ sarcoma tumours.

  Study EGAS00001000266

• An ancient DNA perspective on the Russian Conquest of Yakutia

  Yakut communities from northeastern Siberia inhabit some of the coldest environments on Earth preserving an extraordinary archaeological record. Their history was profoundly reshaped by the Russian conquest, which introduced cereals, pathogens and Christianity from 1632 CE. However, the biological impact of these transformations remains unknown. Here, we generated extensive ancient DNA data to elucidate contemporary changes in Yakut genomic diversity and oral microbiomes. We found Yakut origins tracing back to local populations that admixed with trans-Baikal groups migrating as the Great Mongol Empire spread. Despite the Russian conquest, the Yakut gene pool and oral microbiomes appeared largely stable, though smallpox strains distinct from those documented in Europe by ~1650 CE circulated. Marital practices generally maintained low consanguinity, with the exception of one female bearing the latest markers of traditional shamanism, who was the daughter of second-degree relatives.

  Study EGAS50000001329

• Epigenomic alterations define lethal CIMP-positive ependymomas of infancy

  Ependymomas are common childhood brain tumours that occur throughout the nervous system, but are most common in the paediatric hindbrain. Current standard therapy comprises surgery and radiation, but not cytotoxic chemotherapy as it does not further increase survival. Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of 47 hindbrain ependymomas reveals an extremely low mutation rate, and zero significant recurrent somatic single nucleotide variants. Although devoid of recurrent single nucleotide variants and focal copy number aberrations, poor-prognosis hindbrain ependymomas exhibit a CpG island methylator phenotype. Transcriptional silencing driven by CpG methylation converges exclusively on targets of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 which represses expression of differentiation genes through trimethylation of H3K27. CpG island methylator phenotype-positive hindbrain ependymomas are responsive to clinical drugs that target either DNA or H3K27 methylation both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that epigenetic modifiers are the first rational therapeutic candidates for this deadly malignancy, which is epigenetically deregulated but genetically bland.

  Study EGAS00001000443

• Amplicon based re-sequencing of multi-region PDAC samples

  Multi-region tumor samples were cut from frozen sections or FFPEs and reviewed from microdissection and H&E staining in order to select ones with high cellularity. DNA extraction was done using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kits for frozen samples following the manufacturer’s guideline. Extracted DNAs were processed on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 in a paired end mode (100x100) using a custom targeted panel based on the list of all unique somatic mutations from the original WES data by the Integrated Genomics Operation (IGO) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY).

  Dataset EGAD50000000354

• WGS of tissues from members of family with germline POLD1 L474P variant

  The study includes WGS data for DNA extracted from blood, fibroblasts or buccal swabs from sixteen family members, who represent four sub-families, each including two parents and one to three children, comprising a total of eight offspring. In two sub-families POLD1 L474P was carried by the father; in one sub-family, by the mother; and in the other sub-family, both parents had wild-type POLD1.

  Dataset EGAD00001009282

• WGS data from NEN patient derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) and matched parental tumors - UMCU/NKI

  The dataset includes cram files from WGS of 6 NEN tumors or metastases and matched PDTOs. For all tumors, cram files from WGS of either matched normal tissue or matched blood from the corresponding patients are included. Analysis VCF files are also included in the dataset. The sequencing was done with a NovaSeq 6000 instrument.

  Dataset EGAD00001009989

• M116 Whole Genome Sequencing

  Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was performed using DNA extracted from M116’s blood, saliva, and urine samples. DNA was fragmented to 350 bp, followed by library preparation, paired-end 150 bp WGS, and variant calling, all conducted by Novogene®. Sequencing was carried out with a 10X coverage (approximately 60 Gb and 200 million reads per sample) using the NovaSeq X Plus platform (Illumina). Files types included in this dataset are raw Fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD50000001286

• NEC

  This multi-centre, non-randomized, open-label, phase II trial (NCT03016338), assessed niraparib monotherapy (cohort 1, C1), or niraparib and dostarlimab (cohort 2, C2) in patients with recurrent serous or endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR). Secondary outcomes were safety and objective response rate (ORR). Translational research was an exploratory outcome. Potential biomarkers were evaluated in archival tissue by immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing panel. Feasibility of liquid biopsy by ctDNA was assessed.

  Dataset EGAD00001010056

• Psoriasis PBMCs

  This DAC is for the purpose of controlling access to Psoriasis PBMC scRNA-seq data of the study Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase controls tissue-specific regulatory T cell function in chronic inflammation

  Dac EGAC50000000470

• COMET TCRseq raw data

  This is the raw TCRseq data for the manuscript T cell receptor repertoire sequencing reveals chemotherapy-driven clonal expansion in colorectal liver metastases.

  Dataset EGAD00001010269

• Impact of cryopreservation on transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  To investigate the effect of cryopreservation on PBMCs, we conducted an experiment using samples from three healthy donors under four conditions: fresh PBMCs, PBMCs subjected to a single freeze–thaw cycle, PBMCs refrozen in freezing mix, and PBMCs refrozen in TRIzol. This resulted in a total of 12 samples (three replicates per condition). RNA was extracted from all PBMC samples using the Qiagen miRNeasy Mini Kit, followed by polyA RNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Blood was collected from one male and two female adult donors. Sequencing yielded high-quality data, with an average of 27.8 million reads per sample and over 94% of bases exceeding a Q30 quality score.

  Study EGAS50000001196

• Bisulfite sequencing of cell-free DNA in NMOSD patients

  Cell-free DNA was extracted from plasma and analyzed by bisulfite sequencing in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders(NMOSD) patients and healthy controls(HC). we aimed to investigate the primary source of cell-free DNA production.

  Study JGAS000515

• Paired-WGS-two-families-with-GBA-variants-and-Parkinsons-disease

  We performed whole- genome sequencing, rare variant filtering, segregation analysis and functional validation of PD cosegregating rare genetic variation in two families (6 samples) segregating PD associated GBA variants c.115+1G&gt;A (ClinVar ID: 93445, ) and p.L444P (ClinVar ID: 4288) respectively. The paired WGS sequencing was run on HiSeq X Ten and the library preparation kit was Illumina TruSeq DNA nano.

  Dataset EGAD00001006561

• (h)MeDIP-Seq of high-risk prostate cancer

  Immunoprecipitation of methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA was performed on DNA isolated from tumoral and non-tumoral prostate tissue of patients with high-risk disease. Samples were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq as 50 bp single end.

  Study EGAS00001001019

• SOFT study - sequencing premenopausal breast cancer (2017-11-22)

  Our project will examine the role of PIK3CA mutations and their sensitivity to endocrine therapies and its role, with the addition of complete ovarian suppression. We plan to test our hypotheses using tumour samples collected from patients enrolled in the SOFT/IBCSG24-02 clinical study (Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial - (NCT00066690). SOFT is a phase III trial that randomised 3066 premenopausal women to evaluate if adding ovarian suppression to adjuvant endocrine therapy will improve clinical outcomes. This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2017-11-22.

  Dataset EGAD00001003811

• TSO500 STJAN33, BRAF mutated CUP

  The data set contains FASTQ files (filetype) of a NEXTSEQ550DX run (instrument). De FASTQ files are from DNA and RNA sample. The Library prep is a NGS TSO500 library prep (Illumina) (technology). A Study to Examine the Clinical Value of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Performed by Belgian NGS Laboratories: a Belgian Precision Study of the BSMO in Collaboration With the Cancer Centre (BALLETT) This 2-year study involves the consortium of 9 cooperating Belgian NGS laboratories and will enroll 936 metastatic or locally advanced cancer patients coming from 13 different Belgian hospitals and cancer centers. Upon inclusion, all cancer patients will be offered 'comprehensive genomic profiling' (CGP) using Illumina's TSO500 NGS panel. This targeted NGS panel of 523 genes allows for the detection of single nucleotide variants, small indels, copy number variations and fusions, as well as for the determination of the 'tumor mutational burden' (TMB) and the 'microsatellite-instability' status (MSI). Both the wet lab execution of the CGP as well as the biological and clinical classification of the variants will be performed in a fully standardized way among the 9 participating Belgian local NGS laboratories.

  Dataset EGAD50000000689

• The Human Virome in Children and its Relationship to Febrile Illness

  Definition of the human microbiome is an important scientific priority. This study will expand the scope of the investigation to include viruses, which account for a substantial proportion of infectious disease morbidity and mortality, especially in children. The long-term goal of this project is to describe the human virome in children and to investigate its relevance to febrile illnesses in children. The project will also seek to understand the relationship of the immune system to the composition of the virome. Thus, the project&#39;s specific aims are 1) To elucidate the spectrum of viruses that can be detected using non-biased, high throughput sequencing on samples of blood, respiratory, and gastrointestinal secretions from healthy children and to use this information as a basis for understanding the role of viruses in acute febrile illnesses without an obvious source, and 2) to investigate the effect of various forms of immunosuppression on the spectrum of viruses detected in children, and to use this information as a basis for understanding the role of viruses in acute febrile illnesses occurring in these children. Our preliminary studies show that diverse viruses can be detected in children having undiagnosed fever. To carry out the specific aims, well children will be enrolled prior to having elective surgery, and febrile otherwise well children will be enrolled from the Emergency Department at St. Louis Children&#39;s Hospital. Immunocompromised children will be recruited from hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant clinics, the HIV/AIDS clinic, and the rheumatology/immunology clinic from the same hospital. Children with fever will have samples obtained at the time of the febrile illness and at 1 and 6-month follow-up visits. Selected samples from each study group will be analyzed at the Genome Center at Washington University (GCWU) using next generation 454 high throughput sequencing to detect and sequence all viral sequences present. We anticipate detecting and sequencing a broad range of viruses, including previously unrecognized agents. A variety of techniques will be used to investigate the significance of viruses detected. Virus-specific PCR assays will be used to determine the frequency and extent of viruses detected by sequencing, using the full range of samples collected. Host response to the detected viruses will be investigated using serologic analysis, cytokine profiling, and microarrays to characterize host gene expression. These studies will take advantage of follow-up samples to compare the acute response with the response in the convalescent period. This study will draw upon the expertise and technological assets of one of the world&#39;s most powerful sequencing centers to provide the research community with a comprehensive sequence data base of the viruses that are present in children, which can be used to improve our understanding of the causes of febrile illnesses in young children, many of which are currently undiagnosed.

  Study phs000264

• Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Control Copy Number Variation (CNV) Study

  We present a database of copy number variations (CNVs) detected in 2,026 disease-free individuals, using high-density, SNP-based oligonucleotide microarrays. This large cohort analyzed for CNVs in a single study using a uniform array platform and computational tools, comprises mainly of Caucasians (65.2%) and African-Americans (34.2%), We have catalogued and characterized 54,462 individual CNVs, 77.8% of which were identified in multiple unrelated individuals. These non-unique CNVs mapped to 3,272 distinct regions of genomic variation spanning 5.9% of the genome; 51.5% of these were previously unreported, and &gt;85% are rare. Our annotation and analysis confirmed and extended previously reported correlations between CNVs and several genomic features such as repetitive DNA elements, segmental duplications and genes. We demonstrate the utility of this data set in distinguishing CNVs with pathologic significance from normal variants. Together, this analysis and annotation provides a useful resource to assist with the assessment of CNVs in the contexts of human variation, disease susceptibility, and clinical molecular diagnostics. The CNV resource is available at: http://cnv.chop.edu. Reprinted from Shaikh T., et al., High-Resolution Mapping and Analysis of Copy Number Variations in the Human Genome: A Data Resource for Clinical and Research Applications Genome Research. 2009, with permission from Genome Research. CHOP CNVs from 2,026 disease-free individuals are available through dbVar at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbvar/studies/nstd21.

  Study phs000199

• Ameloblastoma Cell Line Resource

  Ameloblastoma (AB) is an odontogenic tumor that is locally destructive to the jaw bone. Treatment entails surgical resection, but AB often recurs locally. Recent driver mutations have been identified in the MAPK and Hedgehog pathways. However, translation to molecularly-targeted therapies has been hampered by the lack of AB cell line models. The goal of our study has been to create a new AB cell line resource that reflects the spectrum of AB driver mutations. We created 6 new AB cell lines, and by targeted exome sequencing, defined their driver mutations. We showed the utility of these cell lines in preclinical studies of oncogene dependence and drug sensitivity (which includes whole transcriptome assays).

  Study phs002753

• Deciphering somatic mosaic structural variation in human blood lineages using single-cell multiomics

  Somatic mosaicism (SM), referring to the presence of somatic mutations in sub-populations of cells within healthy individuals, is associated with an increased risk of a variety of diseases, including cancer. Blood is at particularly high risk of SM, given its rapid turnover and functionally- heterogeneous cell-type composition. While the roles of point mutations and large-scale rearrangements in blood SM have been scrutinised in recent years, the functional impact of mosaic structural variants (mSVs) remains poorly understood. Using haplotype-resolved single-cell multi-omics, we explored the mSV landscape of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).

  Study EGAS00001006567

• Identification of New Therapeutic Targets for Renal Medullary Carcinoma via Integrated Genomic and Transcriptomic Profiling

  Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare, aggressive kidney cancer associated with sickle cell trait, characterized by SMARCB1 loss and resistance to conventional therapies used for other renal cell carcinomas (RCC). We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on RMC samples. This study provides a large molecular characterization of RMC, highlighting TROP2 and other cell surface markers as promising therapeutic targets.

  Study EGAS50000001280

• Genomewide detection of cytosine methylation by single molecule real-time sequencing

  5-methylcytosine (5mC) is an important type of epigenetic modification. In this study, we enhanced 5mC detection using SMRT sequencing by holistically analyzing kinetic signals of a DNA polymerase and sequence context for every base within a measurement window. We employed a convolutional neural network to train a methylation classification model. This methodology has provided a system for simultaneous genome-wide genetic and epigenetic analyses. 

  Study EGAS00001004642

• Characterization of Immune-Related Gene Expression in Lung Cancer

  We performed a comprehensive analysis of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of immune gene expression in 160 lung cancer patients from the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study. The transcriptome was profiled with RNA sequencing in 269 tumor samples and 110 normal tissue samples from 160 subjects.

  Study phs002346