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• Understanding_the_development_of_resident_memory_T_cells__Trm__in_the_human_small_intestine_using_integrative_multiomic_approaches__Adult_RNA

  Animal studies have demonstrated that resident memory T (Trm) cells provide enhanced protective responses to a broad array of tissue-tropic pathogens, thus making Trm cells promising targets for novel vaccination strategies. However, the biological pathways that enable the long-term survival of Trm cells are poorly understood in humans. Here, we will employ a unique human intestinal transplantation setting that allows us to study the retention of persistent T cells in the grafts and the temporal development of resident T-cell populations from recruited recipient T cells. We will integrate high resolution transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics and immune repertoire single-cell data from purified intestinal T cells. These single-cell multiomics approaches will uncover the diversity and differentiation of the T cell populations in the human intestine, allowing us to temporally resolve the generation and maintenance of gut resident T cells.

  Study EGAS00001008257

• ATAC-Seq of healthy and IBD blood samples

  PBMCs from blood samples of 9 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects and 25 IBD patients were isolated through a Ficoll density gradient and used to isolate live CD4 T cells through a magnetic cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Twelve thousand live CD4 T cells were then used to prepare ATAC-Seq libraries. Briefly, crude nuclei of live CD4+ T cells were treated with Tagment DNA buffer and Tagment DNA Enzyme (Nextera DNA Library Prep Kit, Illumina), and then the DNA was purified by MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Transposed DNA fragments were amplified using specific adapters followed by purification with MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Fragments from 240-360pb were selected in the PippinHT system (Sage Science). The quality of the library and its DNA concentration were assessed by Bioanalyzer instruments (Agilent Technologies) and ultimately submitted for sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer, V4 chemistry.

  Study EGAS00001007343

• Detecting and quantifying clonal selection in somatic mosaicism

  In this study, we introduce a scalable method to identify clonal selection in an individual tissue, agnostic of the underlying mutations. To study clonal selection in the haematopoietic system, we performed whole genome sequencing on bone marrow CD34+ haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from 22 non-leukemic individuals, 30-89 years of age. We performed 90x whole genome sequencing for all samples and re-sequenced 19 samples with sufficient DNA to a total target coverage of 270x. Whole genome sequencing of hair follicle DNA from the same individuals was used as germline control. In addition, we sequenced unseparated bone marrow mononuclear cells, CD3-CD34- bone marrow mononuclear cells, and peripheral blood granulocytes from 14 samples. Samples were collected from individuals undergoing hip replacement surgery as part of the Mechanisms of Age-Related Clonal Haematopoiesis (MARCH) Study (REC Ref: 17/YH/0382).

  Study EGAS00001007558

• Cancer of Low survival and UnMet Need – Pathologist Initiated

  Despite significant advances in diagnostic cancer histopathology, a subset of tumors remain unable to be classified using WHO criteria. The resulting diagnostic uncertainty can result in inappropriate clinical management and negative patient outcomes. We investigated whether combining histopathology with whole genome and transcriptome sequencing (WGTS) could improve the classification of tumors that posed diagnostic dilemmas despite extensive histopathology and standard molecular work-up at a quaternary oncology center. We successfully sequenced 45 tumors from an initial set of 54 unclassified tumors (83% success rate). A confident diagnosis was made for 38/45 tumors (84%). Additionally, potential treatment targets were identified in 21/45 tumors (47%). Theoretical comparison with alternative assays demonstrated that WGTS was uniquely capable of detecting critical diagnostic findings in 15/38 tumors (39%). This work supports augmenting histopathology and standard molecular pathology with WGTS in the classification of difficult-to-diagnose tumors.

  Study EGAS00001008112

• Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling of hormone-naïve localised prostate cancer

  Localised prostate cancers (PCa) are heterogeneous and multifocal, with diverse outcomes. Current prognostic methods are epithelium-centric, overlooking the complex cellular landscape within the tumour microenvironment (TME), which remains incompletely characterised. We performed a comprehensive analysis of cancerous and adjacent-benign cores from 24 patients with hormone therapy-naïve localised PCa using single-cell RNA-sequencing. By integrating copy number variation and transcriptional signatures, we classified epithelial cells across a malignant spectrum, revealing widespread molecular perturbation. We found an expansion of Club cell phenotypes, suggestive of Luminal dedifferentiation. We also performed a detailed annotation of stromal phenotypes, focusing on fibroblasts, and identified a novel peri-neural fibroblast population. Spatial transcriptomics elucidated the precise anatomical distribution of CAFs within the PCa TME. This study provides a valuable foundation for advancing our understanding of PCa pathobiology and developing a comprehensive cellular model of the disease.

  Study EGAS00001008332

• GSA bigbatch raw data

  Unfiltered genotype data for a larger batch (Batch 2) of 8,697 DDD Study participants (and 1 "Blank" sample). Samples include 2,858 mothers, 2,857 fathers and 2,982 probands, and form 2,918 trios. Most of the probands have been previously genoyped on the llumina HumanCoreExome BeadChip (EGAD00010001598) or the Illumina InfiniumCoreExome Beadchip (EGAD00010001600). All samples were genotyped on the Illumina Global Screening Array.

  Dataset EGAD00010002569

• GSA pilot raw data

  Unfiltered genotype data for a pilot study (Batch 1) of 1,140 DDD Study participants (and 12 "Empty" samples). Samples include 380 mothers, 382 fathers and 378 probands, and form 376 trios. Most of the probands have been previously genoyped on the llumina HumanCoreExome BeadChip (EGAD00010001598) or the Illumina InfiniumCoreExome Beadchip (EGAD00010001600). All samples were genotyped on the Illumina Global Screening Array.

  Dataset EGAD00010002567

• A Sequential Window of Opportunity Trial of Anti-PD-L1/TGF-β trap (M7824) Alone and in Combination with TriAd Vaccine and N-803 for Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma not Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection

  This submission includes the whole exome and bulk RNA sequencing associated with the correlative study of clinical specimens from a prospective clinical study of neoadjuvant bintrafusp alfa in patients with newly diagnosed, surgically resectable oral cavity or laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. 

  Study phs002849

• Epigenetic Moderators of Naltrexone Efficacy for Alcohol Use Disorder

  This study was a 16-week randomized controlled trial of oral naltrexone (50 mg daily) vs. placebo among adults with Alcohol Use Disorder. DNA was extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from a blood sample collected at baseline, prior to study medication ingestion. The Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip was subsequently used to analyze these extracted DNA samples.

  Study phs002424

• Alpha synucleinopathy spectrum - bulk RNA seq of prefrontal cortex

  Dataset corresponding to the bulk RNA seq dataset from prefrontal cortex for a total of N=44 samples. Tissue samples correspond to patients with different alpha synucleinopathies. Specifically, idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD, N=20) monogenic PD caused by LRRK2 mutations (LRRK2-PD, N=7), multiple system atrophy (MSA, N=6) and neurologically healthy controls (N=11). RNA seq was carried out using ribosomal depletion. The totality of these samples were also sequenced using single nucleus RNA seq, and available within the same study as a separate dataset.

  Dataset EGAD50000000430

• 10X single cell RNA- and feature barcode sequencing of 38 AML samples

  This dataset contains fastq-files from single cell 3' RNA- and feature barcode sequencing of AML samples using 10X technology (Chromium Single Cell 3ʹ Reagent Kit v3). In total, the dataset contains data from 38 AML samples from either bone marrow or peripheral blood, representing the following genetic subtypes: NPM1-mutated, myelodysplasia related, TP53-mutated, CBFB::MYH11, RUNX1::RUNX1T1, AML without class-defining mutations, and AML meeting criteria of two subtypes. The data consists of sequenced gene expression libraries from 38 samples and feature barcoding libraries covering a panel of 10-14 surface proteins for 34 samples.

  Dataset EGAD50000001577

• RNA-seq datatset of primary human thymocyte subsets

  FASTQ-files of RNA-seq experiments of 8 primary human thymocyte subsets, isolated by flow-cytometry (FACS) from neonatal thymus biopsies. All samples were sorted to be negative for the expression of the lineage surface markers CD11c, CD19, CD56, CD141 and CD303 and additionally had the following surface phenotypes: DN1 (CD4-CD8-CD7+CD1a-CD161-CD38-); DN2 (CD4-CD8-CD7+CD1a-CD161-CD38+CD3-TCRab-); DN3 (CD4-CD8-CD7+CD1a+); ISP (CD4+CD8-CD3-TCRab-CD1a+); DPE (CD4+CD8+TCRab-CD69-); DPL (CD4+CD8+TCRab+CD69+); SP4 (CD4+CD8-); SP8 (CD4-CD8+). Samples were sorted from 2-4 pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery.

  Dataset EGAD50000001599

• Pilot study towards the development of a Companion/Complimentary Diagnosis platform using liquid biopsy with cfDNA for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced urothelial cancer

  Preliminary analysis was conducted to develop a cfDNA-based platform capable of predicting gene mutation profiles, TMB, gene expression profiles (molecular subtype diagnosis), and immunohistochemical findings (PD-L1 expression) using the primary lesion tissue of bladder cancer and upper urinary tract epithelial cancer, verifying the feasibility of such development.

  Study JGAS000714

• Targeted Illumina sequencing of 3399 plasma cfDNA samples and 1988 leukocyte DNA samples from 1995 metastatic prostate cancer patients

  Blood samples were collected from eight clinical trials and a British Columbia-based biobank. All plasma cfDNA and leukocyte DNA samples were processed with uniform methodology, and underwent targeted sequencing using a custom hybridization capture panel and Illumina instruments. Four different generations of custom hybridization capture panel were used, all providing coverage of the complete coding regions of 72 prostate cancer genes, and later panel generations also providing exhaustive coverage of the AR locus (including introns and flanking regulatory regions), as well as a genome-wide SNP grid for copy number analysis.

  Dataset EGAD50000001594

• Amplicon based re-sequencing of multi-region PDAC samples

  Multi-region tumor samples were cut from frozen sections or FFPEs and reviewed from microdissection and H&E staining in order to select ones with high cellularity. DNA extraction was done using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kits for frozen samples following the manufacturer’s guideline. Extracted DNAs were processed on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 in a paired end mode (100x100) using a custom targeted panel based on the list of all unique somatic mutations from the original WES data by the Integrated Genomics Operation (IGO) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY).

  Dataset EGAD50000000354

• Dataset of 2485 CD8 T cells from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients in context of BCG treatment

  FASTQ files from scRNAseq (smartseq2 protocol) from 2485 CD8 T cells from 4 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who received BCG treatment (induction treatment of 6 weekly instillations). Concerning the 'phenotype' column in metadata : pre-treatment samples include tumor samples ('Tumor') and normal adjacent bladder tissue ('Extratumor'). For post-treatment samples : no residual tumor was found in the bladder of the 4 patients after the BCG treatment . The post-treatment samples with 'Tumor' as phenotype denote samples from macroscopically suspect zones, but with microscopically no tumor detected.

  Dataset EGAD50000002007

• Bulk RNA and ATACseq of 2 XLP patients and 5-6 HD

  The dataset contains five samples from P1, one pre-HSCT and four post-HSCT, one sample from P2 and 5-6 HD. RNAseq reads were processed using the LUMC BIOWDL RNAseq pipeline v5.0.0 (https://github.com/biowdl/RNA-seq). Genes with log2CPM≥1 in at least 10% of all samples were retained for downstream analysis. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the dgeAnalysis R-Shiny application (https://github.com/LUMC/dgeAnalysis/tree/v1.4.4). ATACseq reads were processed using the LUMC BIOWDL Chipseq pipeline 1.0.0-dev (https://github.com/biowdl/ChIP-seq).

  Dataset EGAD50000002072

• Dataset of scRNAseq from 56 CRC, treatment-naive and post-chemotherapy

  The dataset includes FASTQ source files of scRNA-seq for 56 CRC patients, sequenced with Illumina 10x platform. All patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2014 and 2022 at the Gustave Roussy Institute. Cohort includes 32 samples from untreated patients and 24 samples from patients who received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy included FOLFOX or FOLFIRI as first line, in some cases in combination with anti-VEGF or anti-EGRF drugs (avastin, bevacizumab or cetuximab) as the second and third lines. The post-treatment cohort included 18 responders (partial response, stable disease and complete response) and 6 progressors (progressive disease).

  Dataset EGAD50000001218

• Single-nuclei multiomic analysis of KOLF2.1J human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived differentiated dopaminergic neurons

  Datasets consists of 12 samples of nuclei from hIPSCs differentiated optimized protocols for generating dopaminergic neurons. 6 single nuclei (RNA-ATAC) samples of XMAS protocol with cells collected at days 0,11,16,28,42 and 56 after differentiation. 3 snRNA-seq samples from AMS protocol of cells collected at days 14,16 and 28 after differentiation and 3 snRNA-seq samples with AMS protocol until day 14 grafted and grafts processed after 5 months grafting.

  Dataset EGAD50000002054

• Integrative understanding of human immune system by functional genomics and development of intervention strategies for the prevention of autoimmune diseases

  To elucidate the feature of age-associated helper T (ThA) cells and its contribution to autoimmune diseases, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from healthy control, CD4+ T cells in muscles and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy were conducted.

  Study JGAS000648

• Dataset of the transcriptomic profiling of skin biopsies from 221 psoriasis patients following treatment with Zasocitinib

  This dataset contains the paired fastq files generated from 221 samples collected from patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio to receive oral Zasocitinib at doses of 2 mg, 5 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg, or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Clinical response was defined as achieving a PASI 75 response at week 12, while histologic response was defined as the absence of KRT16-positive cells in lesional skin after 12 weeks of treatment.

  Dataset EGAD50000002224

• Common origin and somatic mutation patterns of composite lymphomas and leukemias

  The dataset contains six composite lymphomas and leukemias cases (four composite B-cell lymphomas (case 1-4), and two combinations of B-cell and T-cell lymphoma (case 5+6)). Two tumor and one non-tumor (NTC) sample were sequenced from each case after library prep with NEBNext Ultra DNA Library Prep Kit, Exome capturing was done with NimbleGen SeqCap EZ Choice kit, and sequenced on a Illumina HiSeq 2000 HO and given as fastq files. WGA (Qiagen REPLI-g kit) was used for case 2 and 3. Case 1-4 were microdisected, case 5+6 were flow-sorted.

  Dataset EGAD50000001486

• Identification of cell type differences in FOXN1 mutation carriers by scRNA-seq

  scRNA-seq was performed on the BD Rhapsody platform. CD45+ lymphocytes from two FOXN1het patients and one cord blood sample as control were sorted from frozen cryopreserved samples. The samples were split and each sample was stained with 4 Sampletag antibodies before Abseq staining with the BD Immune Discovery panel and 6 additional antibodies was performed to better classify immune cell subsets. The sorted and stained populations were pooled before loading onto the BD Rhapsody cartridge. The manufacturer's protocol was followed for library construction and samples were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000.

  Dataset EGAD50000001708

• Genomic Variant Dataset of 5,309 Jeju Residents: Integrated WGS and SNP Array Analysis

  This dataset comprises genomic data from the Jeju Genome Project (JGP). WGS libraries were prepared using TruSeq Nano DNA kits and sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq 6000, with variants called via the DRAGEN Germline pipeline (v4.0.3). Genotyping was performed using the customized Axiom_JPMI v1 Chip on the Affymetrix GeneTitan platform. Raw data were processed using APT (v2.11.4), followed by phasing with Eagle (v2.4.1) and imputation via Minimac3 (v2.0.1) using a JGP-specific reference panel to optimize accuracy for the Jeju population.

  Dataset EGAD50000002451

• Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis

  We report the first case series of ICI associated colitis successfully treated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), with reconstitution of the gut microbiome and a relative increase in the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the colonic mucosa. These preliminary data provide evidence that modulation of the gut microbiome may abrogate ICI-associated colitis.

  Study EGAS00001003217

• Whole genome sequencing data for Molecular Characterization of ETMRs

  This dataset contains whole genome sequencing data from 59 samples. WGS libraries were prepared using the Illumina TruSeq Nano DNA LT Library Prep or TruSeq Nano DNA HT Library Prep Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions. In brief, 100 ng of genomic DNA was fragmented to approximately 350 bp using a Covaris ultrasonicator (Covaris). The fragmented DNA was then end-repaired, size-selected using magnetic beads, extended with an ‘A’ base on the 3′ end and ligated with TruSeq paired-end indexing adapters. Up to four lanes per sample have been sequenced resulting in 222 Fastq files (paired end).

  Dataset EGAD00001006211

• Deciphering Intratumoral Molecular Heterogeneity in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with a Radiogenomics Platform

  We used 200 ccRCC samples from 51 tumors to simultaneously isolate DNA, RNA, and protein according to established protocol. RNA quality was assessed using an Agilent Bioanalyzer, and total RNA with RIN>7 was used for further RNA sequencing. 184 ccRCC samples from 49 tumors passing initial quality control underwent RNA sequencing at Admera Health Inc. (Genohub Inc., Austin, TX). RNA sequencing libraries were prepared using the Illumina TruSeq Stranded mRNA high throughput (HT) sample preparation kit following the manufacturers’ protocol. Pair-end RNA Seq data was deposited in this cohort.

  Dataset EGAD00001005356

• RNA sequencing of peripheral blood samples from 17 Greenlanders

  The data contain whole deep RNA sequencing of leukocytes from 17 Greenlanders. RNA was purified from peripheral blood with the PAXGene Blood miRNA Kit (Qiagen). The RNA sequencing library was prepared following the instructions of the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep Kit v2 (Illumina). For mRNA isolation and fragmentation 200 ng of total RNA was purified by oligo-dT beads. The qualified libraries were amplified on cBot to generate the cluster on the flowcell (TruSeq PE Cluster Kit V3–cBot–HS, Illumina). The amplified flow cell was sequenced paired-end on the HiSeq 4000 System (TruSeq SBS KIT-HS V3, Illumina).

  Dataset EGAD00001003814

• Single MII oocyte mRNA expression from women

  This dataset contains 14 paired-end FASTQ sequences from mRNA-Seq on single human M-II stage oocytes that were collected from ovarian tissue from unstimulated patients undergoing fertility preservation treatments due to cancer diagnoses, which did not influence ovarian function. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes were matured in vitro according Gruhn et al (Science 365: 1466-1469) and short term flash frozen prior to lysis, RNA extraction, full length cDNA preparation and amplification using the Ultra-low-input SMART-Seq2 v4 kit from Takara Clonetech. Further, these cDNA were used to prepare libraries for sequencing according the Nextera XT DNA library preparation kit from Illumina

  Dataset EGAD00001005971

• Multi-region RNA-Seq data of 10 neuroblastoma cases

  To investigate intratumour heterogeneity and to better understand tumour evolution in neuroblastoma, we have performed a multi-region RNA sequencing on a total of 51 spatially separated tumor samples from 9 primary neuroblastomas (2 low-risk, 1 intermediate-risk and 6 high-risk) and 1 relapsed neuroblastoma. We also assessed the impact of chemotherapy on the clonal expansion by sequencing tumour regions from one medium risk and one high-risk tumour for which we had matched samples obtained at diagnosis and after chemotherapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001008133

• TMD-AMKL targeted follow-up

  Genomic libraries will be generated from total genomic DNA derived from 200+ patients with childhood Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD) and or Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL) as well some matched constitutional samples (n < 50 ). Libraries will be enriched for a selected panel of genes using a bespoke pulldown protocol. 96 Samples will be individually barcoded and subjected to up to two lanes of Illumina HiSeq. Paired reads will be mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the characterisation of known gene mutations in cancer as well as the validation of potentially novel variants identified by prior exome sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001000783

• WGS of tissues from members of family with germline POLD1 L474P variant

  The study includes WGS data for DNA extracted from blood, fibroblasts or buccal swabs from sixteen family members, who represent four sub-families, each including two parents and one to three children, comprising a total of eight offspring. In two sub-families POLD1 L474P was carried by the father; in one sub-family, by the mother; and in the other sub-family, both parents had wild-type POLD1.

  Dataset EGAD00001009282

• Leukemia WGS data

  Whole-genome sequencing data from 38 leukemia patients and 12 leukemia cell lines; Containing 100 fastq files; Two files for each sample.

  Dataset EGAD00001008659

• Dataset for hematopoietic_malignancy-EXON

  Rare cancer sequencing data of 91 runs in tumor/control pairs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001008882

• Dataset for hepatopancreaticobiliary_malignancy-EXON

  Rare cancer sequencing data of 162 runs in tumor/control pairs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001008883

• Dataset for urologic_cancer-EXON

  Rare cancer sequencing data of 112 runs in tumor/control pairs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001008904

• WGS data from NEN patient derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) and matched parental tumors - UMCU/NKI

  The dataset includes cram files from WGS of 6 NEN tumors or metastases and matched PDTOs. For all tumors, cram files from WGS of either matched normal tissue or matched blood from the corresponding patients are included. Analysis VCF files are also included in the dataset. The sequencing was done with a NovaSeq 6000 instrument.

  Dataset EGAD00001009989

• CITEseq data

  CITEseq data of CLL patients receiving VEN treatment for resistance study

  Dataset EGAD00001008366

• Dataset for negative_WGS

  WES/WGS sequencing data of 239 chromothriptic tumor and control runs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001009279

• CCMA-WGSraw

  This dataset has the mapped bam files from WGS for the cancer models in CCMA.

  Dataset EGAD00001010035

• Neonatal and adult recent thymic emigrants produce IL-8 and express complement receptors CR1 and CR2

  By differential gene expression analysis followed by protein expression and functional studies, we define that the naive T cells having divided the least since thymic emigration express complement receptors (CR1 and CR2) known to bind complement C3b- and C3d-decorated microbial products and, following activation, produce IL-8 (CXCL8), a major chemoattractant for neutrophils in bacterial defense. We also observed an IL-8–producing memory T cell subpopulation coexpressing CR1 and CR2 and with a gene expression signature resembling that of RTEs. JCI Insight. 2017;2(16):e93739. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.93739

  Dataset EGAD00001003793

• Cardiogenics_Custom_Pools - Agilent SureSelect

  The Cardiogenics re-sequencing study will consist of three parts: Eight pools of 25 individuals will be sequenced using a Nimblegen hybrid-capture solution specific to miRNA sequences, 80 pools of 25 individuals will be sequenced using a custom Agilent SureSelect array covering genes associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI), 10 individuals from families with a history of CAD/MI will be exome sequenced using the Sanger exome array. The experiment will use the early onset patients from the German MI cohort and the UK BHF CAD/MI cohort both of which have strong family history. For controls we will consider individuals from the UKBS and KORA cohorts.

  Dataset EGAD00001000397

• 4 subjects, 12 brain regions, UKBEC

  Brain samples for this dataset were provided by the Medical Research Council Sudden Death Brain and Tissue Bank (Edinburgh, UK). All four individuals sampled were of European descent, neurologically normal during life and confirmed to be neuropathologically normal by a consultant neuropathologist using histology performed on sections prepared from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Twelve regions of the central nervous system were sampled from each individual. The regions studied were: cerebellar cortex, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, hippocampus, the inferior olivary nucleus (sub-dissected from the medulla), putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus, hypothalamus, intralobular white matter and cervical spinal cord.

  Dataset EGAD00001001274

• Whole Genome-sequencing of rhabdomyosarcoma tumour tissue (2025-09-30)

  This study investigates high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) using multiple single-cell and spatial genomic technologies. We generated and analysed single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing, chromatin accessibility, and spatial transcriptomics data from primary tumours and validation samples. These datasets characterise cellular diversity within rhabdomyosarcoma and identify cell states associated with aggressive disease. The data support research into tumour biology, risk stratification, and therapeutic target discovery. This repository houses the whole-genome sequencing of RMS tumours data. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2025-09-30.

  Dataset EGAD00001015712

• Nimblegen

  The Cardiogenics re-sequencing study will consist of three parts: Eight pools of 25 individuals will be sequenced using a Nimblegen hybrid-capture solution specific to miRNA sequences, 80 pools of 25 individuals will be sequenced using a custom Agilent SureSelect array covering genes associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI), 10 individuals from families with a history of CAD/MI will be exome sequenced using the Sanger exome array. The experiment will use the early onset patients from the German MI cohort and the UK BHF CAD/MI cohort both of which have strong family history. For controls we will consider individuals from the UKBS and KORA cohorts.

  Dataset EGAD00001000398

• Long-read sequencing identifies a common transposition haplotype predisposing for CLCNKB deletions

  This dataset contains CLCNKA/CLCNKB locus alignment data from 27 patients with Bartter syndrome and structural variants encompassing the CLCNKB gene. Due to data protection regulations and in accordance with the patient consent, only relevant alignments from the following regions are shared: hg19: chr1:16,300,000-16,400,000 hg38 (linked read dataset only): chr1:16,000,000-16,100,000 Methods to generate libaries were: long-range amplicon PCR (24 samples), targeted long-fragment enrichment (Samplix/Xdrop technology, 4 samples), long-read whole genome (PacBio Sequel II HiFi reads, 3 samples), 10X linked read short read whole genome (1 sample).

  Dataset EGAD00001011064

• Decoding Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression in Liver Metastatic Colorectal Cancers: Implications for Diagnosis and Prognosis

  The association between Human Endogenous RetroVirus (HERV) expression and cancer can be considered to both reflect the epigenetic deregulation of cancer and facilitate oncogenesis through its promoter/enhancer action on genes. More than 50% of colorectal cancers develop liver metastases and HERV has never been studied in this setting. We collected 400 RNAseq samples from more than 200 patients with primary and liver metastases from published and unpublished databases. We corroborated our findings with tandem mass spectrometry from primary colorectal cancer and single-cell RNAseq from liver metastatic colorectal cancer (lmCRC). We identified global stability in HERV expression between liver metastases and primary colorectal cancers, suggesting an early oncogenic footprint. Therefore, we proposed a list of seventeen HERV loci for lmCRC characterization with ERV-derived peptides but no expression in normal tissues. Among them, we discovered six prognostic markers after surgical resection of lmCRC. Four of them, HERVH_Xp22.32a, HERVH_20p11.23b, HERVH_13q33.3, HERVH_13q31.3, showed poor prognostic value when expressed (log-rank p-value 0.028, 0.0083, 9e-4, 0.05, respectively). HERVH_Xp22.2c (log-rank p-value 0.032) and HERVH_8q21.3b (only in multivariate models) were associated with better prognosis when expressed. These markers showed a cumulative effect on survival when expressed. Some HERVs were associated with decreased cytotoxic immune cells and most of them correlated with cell cycle pathways. Our findings provide new insights into lmCRC classification and suggest novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.

  Study EGAS50000000307

• Whole exome sequencing data for paired non-serous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas from 27 patients with concurrent tumours.

  Introduction: Concurrent non-serous endometrial and ovarian tumours are often managed clinically as two separate primary tumours, but almost all exhibit evidence of a genomic relationship. Methodology: This study investigates the extent of relatedness using whole exome sequencing, which was performed on paired non-serous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas from 27 patients with concurrent tumours in a cohort with detailed clinicopathological annotation. Four whole exome sequencing-derived parameters (mutation, mutational burden, mutational signatures and mutant allele tumour heterogeneity scores) were used to develop a novel unsupervised model for the assessment of genomic similarity to infer genomic relatedness of paired tumours. Results: This novel model demonstrated genomic relatedness across all four parameters in all tumour pairs. Mutations in PTEN, ARID1A, CTNNB1, KMT2D and PIK3CA occurred most frequently and 24 of 27 (89 %) tumour pairs shared identical mutations in at least one of these genes, with all pairs sharing mutations in a number of other genes. Ovarian endometriosis, CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation, and progression and death from disease were present across the similarity ranking. Mismatch repair deficiency was associated with less genomically similar pairs. Discussion: Although there was diversity across the cohort, the presence of genomic similarity in all paired tumours supports the hypothesis that concurrent non-serous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas are genomically related and may have arisen from a common origin. Keywords: Co-existing; Concurrent; Endometrial carcinoma; Genomics; Mutation; Ovarian carcinoma; Paired tumours; Tumour mutational burden.

  Study EGAS00001008259

• DNA-Sequencing of Baseline Plasma From the Phase III Alliance A031201 Trial

  Liquid biopsy assays tailored for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients are needed to identify molecular alterations and predict survival in the context of androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors. We developed a novel plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing assay to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and alterations in key mCRPC driver genes, and tested associations with clinical features and survival outcomes in a phase III trial. cfDNA was isolated from evaluable baseline plasma specimens of untreated mCRPC patients (n=790) enrolled in the Alliance A031201 randomized phase III trial (NCT01949337) prior to enzalutamide therapy with or without abiraterone acetate and prednisone. A customized targeted cfDNA sequencing assay was used to detect AR and non-AR alterations in mCRPC. For this, DNA-seq libraries were constructed from cfDNA using Takara ThruPLEX Tag-Seq or Plasma-Seq kits, and subjected to hybridization enrichment using a custom-designed Agilent SureSelect bait panel. Post-capture DNA-seq libraries were pooled and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 using 2x150 bp settings. ctDNA positivity was defined as >20% ctDNA using an aneuploidy-based estimate derived from ichorCNA (Group 1) or a novel definition of ≤20% ctDNA, but with detection of any alteration in AR, or gain of MYC and/or MYCN (Group 2). cfDNA sequencing data was obtained from 776 patients. There were 480/776 (62%) ctDNA-positive patients, with 324 (42%) in Group 1 and an additional 156 (20%) in Group 2 with AR or MYC/MYCN alterations detected. ctDNA-positive patients in Groups 1 and 2 had similarly poor median overall survival (OS) of 25.4 months (95% CI: 21.8-29.0) and 29.7 months (95% CI: 27.3-35.5), respectively, as compared to ctDNA-negative patients who had a median OS of 49.1 months (95% CI: 42.3-53.5). Relative to ctDNA-negative patients, OS was inferior in ctDNA-positive patients in Group 1 (HR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.9-2.9, P AR inhibitors in a contemporary phase III trial.

  Study phs003325

• Clinical and Genetic Evaluation of Individuals with Undiagnosed Disorders through the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN)

  The National Human Genome Research Institute and the NIH Clinical Center established the intramural Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) in 2008 to make progress in uncovering, understanding, and treating rare disorders. Based on the success of the UDP, the NIH Common Fund established the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) in FY 2013 (Phase I, 9/16/2015-8/31/2018) to achieve this type of cross-disciplinary approach to disease diagnosis in academic medical centers around the United States. The NIH Common Fund expanded the network in 2018 (Phase II, 9/1/2018-6/20/2023) to increase the availability of diagnostic services, foster opportunities for collaboration between laboratory and clinical investigators, provide resulting data and protocols to the broader community, and assess development of a sustainable national resource after Common Fund support ends. The UDN transitioned from Common Fund in 2023. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) will oversee the Network in Phase III, which launched in July 2023, with help from 17 different NIH Institutes and Centers along with the NIH Office of the Director. With help from patients, family members, patient advocacy groups, a Data Management and Coordinating Center (DMCC), several Clinical Sites, and other stakeholders, the NIH envisions the UDN evolving into a larger, diverse, and self-sustained network that fosters scientific discovery and provides expert diagnostic services for undiagnosed patients across the nation. The overarching goals of the UDN in Phase III include: Continuing the proven success of the UDN in improving the clinical evaluation of difficult-to-diagnose patients using a collaborative team approach and investigating and validating promising new diagnostic technologies. Facilitating research into the etiology of undiagnosed diseases by collecting and sharing standardized, high-quality clinical and laboratory data including genotyping, phenotyping, and documentation of environmental exposures. Promoting a broader integrated and collaborative community across multiple Clinical Sites and among laboratory and clinical investigators prepared to investigate the genetic, pathophysiologic, cell biologic, and molecular mechanisms underpinning these difficult-to-diagnose conditions.

  Study phs001232

• B cell receptor silencing reveals origin and dependencies of high-grade B cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements

  High-grade B cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (HGBCL-DH-BCL2) represent highly aggressive Germinal center (GC) derived B cell malignancies with dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic options. In the present study, we investigated the expression of BCR complex components, including immunoglobulin (IG) heavy (H) and light (L) chains, and CD79A and CD79B signaling subunits in HGBCL-DH-BCL2, scoring 65% of cases with undetectable IGH immunoreactivity (IGHUND). Transcriptomics (bulk RNA-seq) and genetic (whole exome/genome sequencing) analyses indicated that IGHUND and IGH+ HGBCL-DH-BCL2 lymphomas represent distinct biological entities. Specifically, IGHUND HGBCL-DH-BCL2 exhibit a GC DZ-like molecular program, and select subset-specific gene mutations pointing to distinct evolutionary trajectories respect to the IGH+ counterparts. IG profiling revealed that IGHUND HGBCL-DH-BCL2 preserved potentially productive, hypermutated IGH variable (V) gene rearrangements, indicating a selective advantage conferred to the malignant B cells by residual IGH molecules. Accordingly, disruption of the productively rearranged IGHG1 gene in BCRnull HGBCL-DH-BCL2 cell line model confirmed the dependency on IGH expression for optimal fitness. Using transcriptomics and in situ RNA-scope analysis, we reported that IGHUND HGBCL-DH-BCL2 originated from IG-class switched GC B cells, while IGH-expressing tumors were selected for continuous IGM expression. Moreover, while IGH+ HGBCL-DH-BCL2 favor IGM/IG-Kappa expression, IGHUND counterparts complete IG-Lambda light chain rearrangements. Notably, BCR silencing, caused by accelerated IGH turnover and reduced IGH expression, precedes HGBCL-DH-BCL2 onset, inducing RAG1/2-dependent IG light chain editing and eventually facilitating t(8;22)/IGL::MYC translocations. Finally, IGH silencing observed in HGBCL-DH-BCL2 cell models, which leads to intracellular retention/silencing of CD79B, results in reduced sensitivity to the CD79B-targeting antibody-drug conjugate Polatuzumab-vedotin. Collectively, HGBCL-DH-BCL2 originates from isotype-switched t(14;18)+ GC B cells that undergo IG light chain editing fuelling intra-clonal diversification, BCR silencing, and the acquisition of t(8;22) translocation, while preserving IGH dependency.

  Study EGAS50000001047

• Expanding the SPTBN1 Spectrum: A Case of Neurodevelopmental Disorder with GI and Musculoskeletal Involvement

  Background: Mutations in the SPTBN1 gene, which encodes the βII-spectrin protein, are associated with a recently described neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, autistic traits, seizures, and dysmorphic features. While the phenotypic spectrum continues to evolve, gastrointestinal (GI) involvement and vertical transmission remain rarely reported features. Case Presentation: We describe a 13-year-old male from Georgia with a heterozygous missense mutation in SPTBN1 (c.3799C>G, p.Leu1267Val), inherited from his clinically unaffected mother. The patient presented with cognitive and motor delays, autistic traits, behavioral challenges, feeding difficulties, growth delay, musculoskeletal anomalies (pectus excavatum, pes planus), and persistent GI symptoms including abdominal pain and gallbladder sludge. Despite therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid and nutritional counseling, the gallbladder abnormalities persisted over a 12-month follow-up. Feeding therapy could not be initiated due to access barriers, although parental efforts led to modest dietary improvement. Upon recent visit pes planus was also confirmed. Conclusion: This case contributes to the growing body of literature on SPTBN1-related neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting the potential for a broader phenotypic spectrum than currently recognized. In addition to the well-documented behavioral, cognitive, and musculoskeletal features, our patient presented with notable gastrointestinal involvement—specifically, gallbladder sludge and feeding disorder—which are not commonly reported in association with SPTBN1 mutations. Although causality cannot be established from a single case, the observed GI manifestations may be indirectly related to underlying neurobehavioral features such as ASD and associated eating disorders. The identification of a vertically transmitted missense variant (c.3799C>G, p.Leu1267Val) adds to the limited but growing evidence of inherited SPTBN1 mutations, expanding our understanding of transmission patterns. Given the novelty of the findings, we emphasize the need for multidisciplinary management, including feeding and behavioral therapy, as well as longitudinal follow-up to assess developmental, nutritional, and hepatobiliary outcomes. Future studies and case series are warranted to determine whether pes planus, pectus excavatum, gastrointestinal symptoms, including biliary tract involvement, represent an underrecognized component of the SPTBN1 phenotypic spectrum.

  Study EGAS50000001213

• Synchronous patterning of hiPSC-derived CNS progenitors generates comprehensive axial spinal cord organoids (CASCOs) containing diverse motor neuron population

  Dataset includes scRNA-sequencing data of cells isolated by dissociation of ~20 BJ WT day 20 hiPSC-derived MN embryoid bodies generated in ULA 96w plates following the protocol described in Rodriguez-Muela et al., JCI 2018). Droplet-based scRNA-seq was performed using 10X Genomics scRNA-sequencing was performed using 10X Genomics Chromium Single Cell Kit v3. The resulting sequencing reads were processed as described in Buchner et al 2024. Analysis of the count matrices was performed using the R toolkit for single cell genomics, Seurat v5.1.0, with R v3.3.3 “Angel Food Cake.”

  Dataset EGAD50000001301

• RNAseq and T cell receptor (TCR) profiling of PBMC cells 3 months post Omicron exposure

  This dataset contains RNA-seq and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing files from a cohort (n=20) 3 months post positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 10 hospitalised (samples H1-10) and 10 non-hospitalised (samples NH1-10) are contained within this dataset. RNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina Stranded mRNA Prep Ligation kit to investigate the protein coding transcriptome of PBMC cells. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire profiling was performed with the TakaraBio SMART-Seq Human TCR (with UMIs) on PBMC cells to investigate the depth and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 targeting TCRs.

  Dataset EGAD50000001356

• Complex-I stratification of Parkinson's disease - single nucleus RNAseq

  Single nucleus RNA seq dataset for CI stratification of Parkinson's disease Single nucleus RNA seq dataset of prefrontal cortex tissue from a total of N=18 samples. Tissue samples correspond to patients with idiopathic Parkison's disease (PD) with varying levels of Complex-I activity (N=12) and neurologically healthy controls (N=6). Single nucleus RNA seq was carried out using 10X Genomics Chromium. This dataset corresponds to a subset of the samples sequenced using conventional bulk tissue RNA seq and available within this Study as a separate Dataset.

  Dataset EGAD50000000432

• TSO500 sequencing of ovarian tumour samples

  This dataset consists of 8 ovarian cancer DNA sample libraries prepared using the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 Kit (Illumina, cat no. 20076480) following the manufacturer's protocol. Library quality and quantity were assessed with High Sensitivity/D5000 Screentape Assay (Agilent Technologies, cat no. 5067-5592) on 4150/4200 Tapestation Quant-IT/Qubit dsDNA HS (Qiagen, cat no. Q32851) assay according to the supplier’s recommendations. Libraries were then pooled together in equal ratios and sequenced using PE-150bp mode on NovaSeq S1 flow cell 300 cycles kit (Illumina, 20028317) or S4 flow cell 300 cycles kit (Illumina, 20028312) aiming for 100 million reads per sample. The dataset contains sequence reads in fastq file format.

  Dataset EGAD50000001451

• Single cell atlas of large B-cell lymphoma

  The dataset comprises multi-omics profiles from 232 biopsies, including 217 from patients with large B-cell lymphoma (114 newly diagnosed and 103 relapsed/refractory) and 15 benign control samples. Specifically: single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on all 232 biopsies; single-nucleus ATAC sequencing was conducted on 96 biopsies; bulk RNA sequencing was generated for 208 biopsies; whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 174 tumor biopsies with 118 matched germline samples; Low-pass whole-genome sequencing (lpWGS) was performed on 174 tumor biopsies with 41 matched germline samples. All raw data files are provided in FASTQ format.

  Dataset EGAD50000001491

• Single cell RNA-seq of 24 samples from 13 individual human embryonic meninges of PCW 5.0-13.0 using 10X chromium technology

  A total of 24 samples of meninges from 13 normal human embryos of post-conceptional week (PCW) 5.0-13.0 were dissected and subject to 10Xgenomics chromium single cell RNA sequencing with the purpose of identifying cell types and gene expression programs for normal meninges development. All libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 using S4 to a target sequencing depth of 100,000 reads/cell. Final data after processing with STARSolo 2.7.10a, using human genome GRCh38.p12 and transcript annotations from ENSEMBL release 93 from reference package GRCh38-3.0.0 as available from 10Xgenomics, consists of 24 BAM files.

  Dataset EGAD50000001434

• Sequence data to study genomic CNVs that drive apoptotic resistance and relapses on immune checkpoint inhibitors

  The dataset consists of bulk whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from baseline and disease-progressed tumors after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, derived from patients, human cell lines, and mouse models. Whole exome sequencing includes 17 clinical cases and one human cell line model with parental and acquired resistant cell lines (n = 5). Whole genome sequencing encompasses the YUMMER mouse model, including vehicle-treated controls (n = 2) and acquired resistant tumors (n = 3). The sequence reads have been aligned to hg19 and mm9 reference genomes, with mapped files (BAM) made available for analysis.

  Dataset EGAD50000001537

• (ChIP-seq) Shifted assembly and function of mSWI/SNF family subcomplexes underlie targetable dependencies in endometriod carcinomas

  ChIP-seq data of 18 samples from the VOA1066 undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma cell-line with various pulldowns: BRG1 (abcam, ab110642, GR3255117-11), BRD9 (CST, E4Q3F, Lot 1), ARID1A (CST, D2A8U, Lot 4), SS18 (CST, D6I4Z, Lot 1), PBRM1 (CST, D3F70, Lot 3), GLTSCR1 (CST, E6I3A, Lot 1), H3K27ac (CST, C36B11, Lot 16), or none. Sample were either untreated or received doxycycline-induced ARID1A treatment. Samples were sequenced on Illumina NextSeq 500 using 37 bp single-end sequencing parameters. Raw fastq files, along with processed bigwig files containing normalized genomic coverage, and called narrow peaks, are included for each sample.

  Dataset EGAD50000001473

• 10X CD4 auto-antigens

  Ex vivo CD4 T-cells from 4 donors were stimulated with antigen-coupled beads to aCD3, ABD, EBNA1, ANO2 or CRYAB and the LiveCD3+CD4+CFSEdim cells were sorted by flow cytometry. Cells were labelled with barcoded antibodies to identify the original stimulus. All stimulations from each donor were pooled into four reactions, i.e. one reaction per donor. Libraries were assembled with the 10X Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 5’ Kit for TCR and transcriptome with feature barcodes. Dataset contains raw fastq reads as well as supplementary information needed to link fastq files to modality, i.e. gene-expression, protein or VDJ, and includes supplementary information to de-multiplex the reactions by stimulation condition.

  Dataset EGAD50000002201

• scRNAseq data of human innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and natural killer (NK) cells from fresh umbilical cord blood

  scRNA-seq was performed on the BD Rhapsody platform. ILCs (ILC1, ILC2, ILC3) and NK cells were bulk sorted from fresh cord bloods of 3 donors. The 4 samples containing ILCs and NK cells from each donor were stained with Sampletag antibodies (12 samples in total) before Abseq staining with the BD Immune Discovery panel and 6 additional antibodies was performed to better classify immune cell subsets. The sorted population were pooled before loading onto the BD Rhapsody cartridge. The manufacturer's protocol was followed for library construction and samples were sequenced on a Illumina NovaSeq 6000.

  Dataset EGAD50000001713

• WES Profiles from the CheckMate-577 Clinical Trial

  The dataset contains WES profiles of 396 patients from the CheckMate-577 (CA209-577) clinical trial whose ICF allows data deposition into a public repository. The Allprep DNA/RNA FFPE kit was used to simultaneously purify genomic DNA and total RNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. DNA was analyzed by Whole Exome Sequencing using Swift Biosciences Accel-NGS 2S Hyb DNA Library Kit for library preparation and hybridization using Agilent SureSelect All Exon v6, followed by sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform with a 100bp paired-end strategy and a target read depth of 100M per tumor sample. Fastq files are included.

  Dataset EGAD50000002395

• HipSci RNA sequencing for embryonic stem cell control lines

  The HipSci project brings together diverse constituents in genomics, proteomics, cell biology and clinical genetics to create a UK national iPS cell resource and use it to carry out cellular genetic studies. In this sub-study we perform RNA sequencing on commercially available embryonic stem cell lines as control samples against which to compare HipSci's iPS cell lines.

  Study EGAS00001001727

• Transcriptome profiling for Korean Diffuse Gastric cancers

  Gastric cancers in young patients are aggressive and predominantly of diffuse histology. Also, they are more frequent in female. To identify transcriptome profile in this unique subset of gastric cancers, RNA-seq analyses were performed using frozen cancer tissue. Adjacent normal tissue of the same patients were used in differently expressed gene selection and fusion gene prediction.

  Study EGAS00001001859

• Characterizing the immune and genome landscapes for osteosarcoma

  Osteosarcoma have heavily rearranged genomes and moderate tumor mutation burden, which suggests that the patients may express neoantigens that could be targeted by immune cells. To characterize the immunogenomic landscape of this disease, we performed genome, transcriptome, immune and proteomic profiling of 48 patients comprised largely of relapsed and metastatic cases from both pediatric and adult patients.

  Study EGAS00001003247

• Tumor gene expression profiles for the study "TGF-β attenuates tumour response to PD-L1 blockade by contributing to exclusion of T cells"

  RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tumors of a large cohort of bladder cancer patients before treatment with anti-PD-L1. RNA was sequenced using a capture based approach (exome capture, RNA access).

  Dataset EGAD00001003977

• Colon Cancer Organoid Cultures and Tumors Whole Genome Sequencing Data

  Five hundred nanograms of genomic DNA was fragmented by Covaris S2, the fragmented DNAs were performed end-repair, A-tailing at the 3 prime end, adaptors ligation with an IDT dual-indexed UMI adaptor system at the terminal ends. The adapter ligated library with size range 300-750bp were selected by dual-SPRI method. Twenty percent of the size selected PCR-free libraries were enriched by 5 PCR cycles prior to library size assessment by Bioanalyzer Fragment Analyzer. The PCR-free libraries were quantified by qPCR.The PCR-free libraries were denatured and diluted to optimal concentration. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 was used for Pair-End 151bp sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001005759

• Characterization of arrested B-lymphoid differentiation and leukemic cell states in ETV6-RUNX1-positive pediatric leukemia

  RNA was extracted from eight diagnostic ETV6-RUNX1 positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia samples collected in PAXgene blood RNA tubes using PAXgene Blood RNA kit (cat #762174, Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany), following the version 2 instructions for manual purification. Samples were processed with Globin-Zero Gold rRNA Removal Kit (Illumina) and directional libraries were prepared using NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep kit (New England Biolabs). The library preparation and paired end (150 bp) sequencing were performed by Novogene (HK) Company Limited (Hong Kong, China) using Illumina Novaseq 6000 aiming at 70 million read pairs per sample.

  Dataset EGAD00001006406

• McGill EMC Community projects Release 7 for cell line "hTERT RPE1"

  Complete reference epigenome (as defined by IHEC) of normal hTERT RPE1 cell line as well as hTERT RPE1 cell lines engineered to express EPC1-PHF1 and JAZF1-SUZ12 fusion proteins, found in Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma.

  Dataset EGAD00001007680

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD43291_Novaseq (Exome) (2021-02-02)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutaiton burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this poriton of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2021-02-02.

  Dataset EGAD00001006932

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD43291_Novaseq (WG)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutaiton burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this poriton of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2023-03-08.

  Dataset EGAD00001010111

• Somatic mutations predict an aggressive phenotype in meningioma but do not drive grade progression

  A subset of meningiomas progress in histopathological grade and drivers of progression are poorly understood. We aimed to identify somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) associated with grade progression in a unique matched tumour dataset. This dataset consists of DNA sequencing from 10 individuals with meningiomas, where the meningiomas have underdone grade progression. 50 meningiomas were sequenced from the 10 individuals using the hybrid capture-based TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) Library Preparation Kit, and 13 of those meningiomas were also sequenced using Agilent SureSelect Clinical Research Exome V2. BAM files for the sequencing data are included in the dataset.

  Dataset EGAD00001009391

• Whole-exome sequencing of glioblastomas with long-term relapse interval

  Whole-exome sequencing data (Agilent SureSelectXT Human All Exon V7). Retrospective study of matched pairs of initial and post-therapeutic GBM cases treated with temozolomide+radiotherapy with a recurrence period greater than one year. Matched normal, initial and post-therapeutic samples for 27 patients and 1 patient (GBM046) with a matched normal and two post-therapeutic samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001008568

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD38234 (WG) (2020-02-20)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from pulmonary fibrosis patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-02-20.

  Dataset EGAD00001005991

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD37920 (WG) (2020-02-20)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-02-20.

  Dataset EGAD00001005990

• PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy rewires cancer-induced emergency myelopoiesis

  HSPCs were sorted as CD34+ cells from bone marrow of patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Control samples were isolated before initiating treatment.These were compared to samples from two additional HL patients who had relapsed and were being treated with nivolumab. Nivolumab was administered at a dose of 240 mg every two weeks, with BM samples collected the day before the scheduled dose. The patients receiving nivolumab were in remission at the time of BM collection. RNA was extracted using Arcturus™ PicoPure™ RNA Isolation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #12204-01) ` instructions. Paired-end sequencing was reads were generated for each sample in the Illumina Novaseq 6000 system.

  Dataset EGAD00001015403

• McGill Cord Blood Methylome Capture Sequencing Data

  The study includes methylC-capture sequencing (MCC-Seq) on 73 cord blood DNA samples from the result of natural pregnancies (control) and through the assisted reproductive technologies for infertile couples (ART/infertile). Samples were collected as a part of the Quebec-based 3D (Design, Develop, Discover) longitudinal pregnancy cohort study. All the data were generated with 100bp paired-end reads using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 systems.

  Dataset EGAD00001009495

• Dataset for HCPlus_WGS

  WES/WGS sequencing data of 337 chromothriptic tumor and control runs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001009274

• WGS data for HGSC patient derived organoids and matching tumor and normal samples (Wennerberg)

  Sequencing data of 10 high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients (58 samples including blood derived normal samples as germline controls, fresh frozen tissue samples as tissue controls and organoids) sequenced with HiSeq X Ten / BGISEQ-500 / MGISEQ-2000.

  Dataset EGAD00001010019

• Genetic background for cardio vascular disorders in the general Finnish population

  Low coverage (4-6x) sequencing on samples from population cohorts (Finrisk, Health2000) will be done at Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) using Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology. We will produce 100bp paired end reads. Variants will be called using the 1000 Genomes Project pipeline. The samples have been selected from a national representative set of approximately 30,300 samples and comprises 500 individuals of each gender in the extreme tail of high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. Included individuals were between 25 and 65 years of age. Individuals with a diagnosis of diabetes or BMI>30 were excluded from the study.

  Dataset EGAD00001001251

• 76 cancer and normal whole genomes from eleven SI-NET patients

  This dataset comprises of 76 cancer and normal whole genomes obtained from 11 SI-NET patients, in the form of two fastq files (forward and reverse reads) for each genome containing sequences generated by Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system.

  Dataset EGAD00001006161

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD38233 (WG) (2021-02-02)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2021-02-02.

  Dataset EGAD00001006930

• Geographical structure and differential natural selection among North European populations

  European populations and epidemiological cohorts are of special significance in the current era of genomic research aiming to characterize the background of common human diseases. The genome sequence, detailed information of genetic variations between individuals, high-throughput molecular technologies and novel statistical strategies create new possibilities to define genetic and life-style risk factors behind common health problems. Studies of large population cohorts are needed to transform the genetic information to detailed understanding of the predisposing factors in diseases affecting most human populations. European twin cohorts provide a unique competitive advantage for investigations of the role of genetics and environment or life style in the etiology of common diseases. This project will apply and develop new molecular and statistical strategies to analyze unique European twin and other population cohorts to define and characterise the genetic, environmental and life-style components in the background of health problems like obesity, migraine, coronary heart disease and stroke, representing major health care problems worldwide.

  Study EGAS00000000033

• Immunomodulatory effects and improved outcomes with cisplatin- vs carboplatin-based chemotherapy plus atezolizumab in urothelial cancer

  In metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), cisplatin versus carboplatin leads to durable disease control in a subset of patients. The IMvigor130 trial reveals more favorable effects with atezolizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GemCis) versus gemcitabine and carboplatin (GemCarbo). This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of cisplatin as a potential explanation for these observations. Our findings indicate that improved outcomes with GemCis versus GemCarbo are primarily observed in patients with pretreatment tumors exhibiting features of restrained adaptive immunity. Additionally, GemCis versus GemCarbo ± atezolizumab induces transcriptional changes in circulating immune cells, including upregulation of antigen presentation and T-cell activation programs. In vitro experiments demonstrate that cisplatin, compared with carboplatin, exerts direct immunomodulatory effects on cancer cells, promoting dendritic cell activation and antigen-specific T cell killing. These results underscore the key role of immune modulation in cisplatin's efficacy in mUC and highlight the importance of specific chemotherapy backbones in immunotherapy combination regimens.

  Study EGAS50000000104

• Scalable Whole-Exome Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA Reveals High Concordance with Metastatic Tumors

  We performed whole genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and whole-exome sequencing of matched tumor biopsies and germline DNA from patients with metastatic cancer. Using ichorCNA, a software tool that quantifies tumor content in ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing (~0.1x) of cfDNA without prior genomic characterization of the tumor, we show genome-wide concordance between cfDNA and tumor biopsies and detectability of high tumor fractions (>0.1) in the cfDNA of many patients with metastatic cancer. We then established that whole-exome sequencing of cfDNA can enable comprehensive profiling of tumors from blood, with high tumor-content cfDNA samples demonstrating concordance of clonal somatic mutations, copy number alterations, mutational signatures, and neoantigens with matched tumor biopsies. This study introduces a new method to identify patients that could be eligible for tumor profiling from cfDNA and sheds light on the concordance between metastatic tissue and blood biopsies.

  Study phs001417

• Genetic Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in African Americans

  Association studies have previously identified 200 genome-wide significant (GWS) IBD susceptibility loci in European ancestry populations. At least thirty-five loci have been identified in Asians and a handful appear Asian specific. AAs have a higher risk for developing disease complications in IBD and worse disease outcome, suggesting that significant differences in pathological and molecular mechanisms may exist in AAs. It was therefore imperative to use more comprehensive genotyping platforms in more highly powered samples to detect AA-specific IBD loci and associations. We conducted two independent GWAS using a total of 2345 AA IBD cases and 5002 controls population from unrelated, self-identified AAs individuals. GWAS1 included 1258 IBD cases (843 CD, 368 UC, 47 IBD-U) and 1678 controls derived from the dbGaP Health and Retirement Study (phs000428). GWAS 2 included 1087 IBD cases (803 CD, 215 UC, 69 IBD-U) and 3324 controls obtained from the Kaiser RPGEH study (phs000788).

  Study phs001571

• A Phase II Clinical Trial of the PARP Inhibitor Talazoparib in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Wild-Type Patients

  The Talazoparib Beyond BRCA (TBB), a phase II proof-of-concept clinical trial, was designed to test the efficacy of talazoparib, a potent, orally bioavailable PARP inhibitor, with an established Phase II recommended dose, in the treatment of advanced BRCA wildtype (WT), HER2-negative breast cancer and other solid tumors with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. Eligible patients had advanced HER2-negative breast cancer or other solid tumors with a germline or somatic mutation in a gene linked to the HR pathway. Patients identified as harboring a deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic mutation in the HR pathway were treated with single agent talazoparib until disease progression. Primary and metastatic tumor samples were sequenced with panel sequencing and exome sequencing to detect commonly mutated genes and those associated with DNA repair deficiency. In addition, ctDNA was sequenced at baseline and progression. Fastq files for tumor and ctDNA sequencing are deposited. 

  Study phs002803

• Genetics of Inherited Muscle Disease

  The samples are drawn from a collection of patients with a heterogeneous set of neuromuscular disorders, including congenital muscular dystrophy, congenital myopathy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, and arthrogryposis, along with unaffected parents and siblings in some cases. The samples were collected by the following clinicians affiliated with the associated institutes: Kathryn North and Nigel Clarke (Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia) Hanns Lochmuller and Kate Bushby (The Newcastle Muscle Centre, Newcastle University, UK) Peter Kang (Boston Children's Hospital) Carsten Bonnemann (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) Nigel Laing (University of Western Australia) All exome sequencing was performed at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; samples sequence capture was performed using Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon Kit v2 or Illumina's Rapid Capture Exome enrichment kit and sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000. In addition some samples were whole genome sequenced on Illumina HiSeq X Ten.

  Study phs000655

• Gene Expression between PMD and Control LCLs at Baseline, E2, and E2 Withdrawal

  In this study, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from women with past perimenopausal depression (PMD) (n = 8) and asymptomatic controls (n = 9) were compared via poly(A)-selected transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). LCLs were cultured in three experimental conditions: at vehicle baseline (ovarian steroid-free), during estradiol (E2) treatment, and following E2-withdrawal. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant differences in transcript expression in PMD LCLs compared to controls in all experimental conditions, and significant overlap in genes that were changed in PMD regardless of experimental condition. Among these, chemokine CXCL10 was upregulated in women with PMD, but most so after E2-WD and CYP7B1, an enzyme intrinsic to DHEA metabolism, was upregulated in PMD across experimental conditions. Finally, this in vitro model identified gene networks dysregulated in PMD which included inflammatory response, early/late E2-response, and cholesterol homeostasis. Data available will include the normalized counts for each subject in the study.

  Study phs003003

• Regulatory Genomics of Human Embryonic Development

  We used epigenetic profiling to map active enhancers in the developing human limb and cortex as described in two published studies: Cotney J, Leng J, Yin J, Reilly SK et al. The evolution of lineage-specific regulatory activities in the human embryonic limb. Cell 2013;154(1):185-96. Reilly SK, Yin J, Ayoub AE, Emera D et al. Evolutionary changes in promoter and enhancer activity during human corticogenesis. Science 2015;347(6226):1155-9. We also used ChIP-seq to map binding sites for the chromatin modifier CHD8 in the developing human brain, as described in one published study: Cotney J, Muhle RA, Sanders SJ, Liu L et al. The autism-associated chromatin modifier CHD8 regulates other autism risk genes during human neurodevelopment. Nat Commun 2015;6:6404. We are also depositing primary human sequence reads related to processed datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus under the following accession numbers: GSE42413 (Cotney et al. 2013); GSE63649 (Reilly et al. 2015); GSE57369 (Cotney et al. 2015).

  Study phs001226

• Discovery of Novel Melanoma Predisposing Mutations by Exome Sequencing

  Melanoma risk shows clear heritability, but the inherited genetic factors remain largely unknown. Rare high risk mutations in CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1 and TERT have been described but these variants, in aggregate, account for less than 50% of the kindreds reporting a family history of melanoma. This project will seek to identify new genes which may confer melanoma susceptibility. Identifying melanoma predisposing mutations can provide new biological insights and may impact important clinical decision making regarding treatment, surveillance and preventive approaches. Hereditary melanoma patients (defined as those individuals with multiple primary melanomas and those patients with a family history of melanoma) were collected from melanoma clinics at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and the A. Sygrous Hospital in Athens, Greece. All exome sequencing was performed at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; samples sequence capture was performed using Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon Kit v2 and sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 or 2500.

  Study phs000823

• Whole Genome, Exome, Transcriptome and Validation Sequencing of an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  We used massively parallel sequencing technology to profile the genomic DNA and RNA of tumor cells (leukemic bone marrow) and normal cells (skin biopsy) obtained from a single patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), referred to throughout this study as 'ALL1'. Included in this study are samples obtained from a primary tumor, first relapse, second relapse and several intermediate timepoints. We identified somatic mutations present in each tumor by analysis of whole genome (WGS) and exome sequence data. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions were identified in both the exome and WGS data. Large copy number variations (CNVs) and structural variants (SVs) were identified in the WGS data. A custom capture reagent was designed to target most variants and used to generate deep validation sequence data. The expression status of all somatic variants was assessed by RNA-seq. The RNA-seq data was also used for gene expression analysis and gene fusion detection.

  Study phs001066

• Genetic Control of Expression and Splicing in Developing Human Brain

  Most genetic risk for human diseases lies within non-coding regions of the genome that are predicted to regulate gene expression in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. Given the importance of regulatory pathways during brain development, we characterized the genetic control of the transcriptome in 201 mid-gestational human brains, identifying 7962 eQTL and 4635 sQTL. By integration with GWAS, we characterized the genes and isoforms contributing to specific neuropsychiatric disorders, including SCZ and ASD, as well as other cognition or behavioral-related phenotypes. SCZ and ASD impact distinct developmental gene co-expression modules, yet in both disorders, common and rare genetic variation converge. These analyses demonstrate the highly distinctive effects of transcriptional control, as well as divergent age-related contributions to disease. More broadly, these findings demonstrate the genetic mechanisms by which early developmental events have a striking and widespread influence on adult anatomical and behavioral phenotypes.

  Study phs001900

• Functional Dynamics of the Elderly Gut Microbiome During Probiotic Consumption

  A mechanistic understanding of the health benefits conferred by consumption of probiotic bacteria has been limited by our knowledge of the resident gut microbiota and its interaction with the host. We used fecal samples from a study of twelve healthy individuals aged 65-80 to characterize the structure and functional dynamics of the gut microbiota associated with consumption of the single-organism probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (LGG). Samples were collected prior to probiotic consumption (day 0), on day 28 immediately after consuming 10^10 CFU of LGG twice daily for 28 days and day 56, one month after stopping LGG consumption. Our integrative approach incorporated bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whole-community expression profiling using RNA-seq, and metagenomic sequencing. We highlight the value of combinatorial 'omics methods and concomitant high-resolution informatics to probe the role that probiotics may play on the structure and function of the resident microbiota.

  Study phs000896

• A Phase III Randomized Study of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Nivolumab in Stage IV Squamous Cell Lung Cancer

  Lung-MAP (S1400, NCT02785952) was a multicenter, open-label, phase III randomized clinical trial. The Lung-MAP-I substudy (S1400I) was conducted from December 2015 to April 2018, through the National Clinical Trials Network and led by the SWOG Cancer Research Network. The trial compared nivolumab plus ipilimumab (nivo+ipi) with nivolumab monotherapy (nivo) in patients with chemotherapy-pretreated, immunotherapy-naïve, advanced squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma (sqNSCLC). Two hundred fifty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive nivo+ipi (n = 125) or nivo (n = 127). The clinical efficacy endpoints were overall survival, progression free survival, duration of response, and best objective response by RECIST 1.1. Multi-omic translational analysis was performed in collaboration with the the CIMAC–Cancer Immunologic Data Commons (CIDC) Network using available tumor tissue samples and blood samples (n = 160) submitted for Lung-MAP screening and provided by the SWOG tissue bank.

  Study phs003412

• Integrative Somatic and Germline Computational Biology to Redefine Clinical Actionability in Solid Tumors

  Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare cancers that arise in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. The fundamental mechanisms driving gastroenteropancreatic NETs (GEP-NETs) growth remain incompletely elucidated; however, the heterogeneous clinical behavior of GEP-NETs suggests that both cellular lineage dynamics and tumor microenvironment influence tumor pathophysiology. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of fresh resections of GEP-NETs, including four pancreatic NETs, three small intestinal NETs, and one perigastric NET. We used single-cell sequencing to investigate the tumor and immune cellular landscapes of GEP-NET patients. Malignant GEP-NET gene and regulon expression was compared with normal, gastrointestinal endocrine cell differentiation and fate determination stages. We further characterized immune-immune and immune-tumor interaction networks within GEP-NETs, identifying novel therapeutic opportunities in the myeloid compartment of the microenvironment. Our findings highlight the transcriptomic heterogeneity that distinguishes the cellular landscapes of GEP-NET anatomic subtypes and reveal potential avenues for future precision medicine therapeutics.

  Study phs003141

• BarcUVa-Seq (Biology of Colorectal Cancer Risk Enhancers)

  This study was designed to generate a cohort of normal colon mucosal biopsies from the "average risk" population. Its primary aims included the development of an RNA-seq dataset of normal colon mucosal biopsies across three colon regions (ascending, transverse and descending). Further, we aimed to provide plausible prioritization to genetic components of colorectal cancer risk by employing methods such as expression quantitative trait loci analysis. In doing so, we provide a novel reference dataset for the study of colon cancer risk in the healthy colon epithelium. RNA-seq was performed in batches on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 (batch 1-7) or NovaSeq 6000 (batch 8) on a total of 463 samples. Matched genotyping data was generated on the Illumina OncoArray BeadChip. Phasing was carried out using Minimac 3 and imputation was performed using The Haplotype Reference Consortium panel on the Michigan Imputation Server.Genotype and RNA-seq data will be made available in dbGaP.

  Study phs003338

• Deterministic Evolution and Stringent Selection During Pre-Neoplasia

  The earliest events during human tumor initiation are poorly characterized but may hold clues as to how to detect and prevent malignancy. Here we model this occult process by engineering TP53 deficiency in primary human gastric organoids and performing experimental evolution in multiple clonally derived cultures over two years, thereby defining causal relationships between this common initiating genetic lesion and resulting phenotypes. TP53 loss induced progressive aneuploidy, including copy number alterations and complex structural variants that are common in established gastric cancers, and which accrued along a defined temporal order. Longitudinal single cell sequencing of TP53 deficient gastric organoids similarly indicates progression towards malignant transcriptional programs. Moreover, lineage tracing with expressed cellular barcodes revealed highly reproducible dynamics whereby initially rare subclones with shared transcriptional programs repeatedly attain clonal dominance. This powerful platform for experimental evolution reveals stringent selection and convergence at the genotypic and phenotypic levels in pre-malignant epithelial organoids, illuminating evolutionary constraints and barriers to malignant transformation.

  Study phs003249

• Unraveling the Genetic Architecture of Diabetic Retinopathy in South India

  This study aims to understand the genetic architecture of diabetic retinopathy in the South Indian population by examining participants with South Indian ancestry and type 2 diabetes (T2D) from two sources: the Sankara Nethralaya-Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (SN-DREAMS) and prospective recruitment at Sankara Nethralaya affiliates. A total of 2393 patients were recruited and included in the genetic analysis, with 1588 patients having no diabetic retinopathy (DR) serving as the controls and 805 patients with any level of DR serving as the cases. Enrolled individuals had genome-wide genotyping from DNA extracted from blood samples. In addition, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 31 members from 2 families. Clinical data, such as age, duration of diabetes, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) were recorded for study participants. Diabetic retinopathy was assessed by clinical exam and/or fundus photography. The grading of diabetic retinopathy followed the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale.

  Study phs002116