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• The cellular state space of AML unveils novel NPM1 subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes and immune evasion properties

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically and cellularly heterogeneous disease. We characterized 120 AMLs using bulk genomic and transcriptomic analyses (WES, MP-WGS, RNA-seq), and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Our results reveal an extensive cellular heterogeneity that distorts the bulk transcriptomic profiles. Notably, NPM1 mutated AML could be stratified into two novel, clinically relevant classes (NPM1class I and NPM1class II).

  Study EGAS50000001084

• Profiling the genomic landscape and evolutionary history of polyploid giant cancer cells in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas

  In this study, we characterise PGCCs in ten pleomorphic sarcomas and use topographic single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) to investigate their genomic landscape. We selected PGCCs based on their nuclear morphology, including mononucleated or multinucleated bizarre, misshapen nuclei, and analysed them at single-cell resolution. Histopathological analysis showed that PGCCs were often randomly distributed throughout the tumour and did not appear in clusters, suggesting that they arise de novo rather than through clonal expansion. scDNA-seq revealed that PGCCs originate from the dominant tumour population and exhibit extensive copy number heterogeneity, either due to subsequent or ongoing chromosomal instability. Both clonal and subclonal chromothripsis-like events were identified in PGCCs, indicating that chromothripsis is a key driver of heterogeneity in these cells and is linked to multinucleation rather than mononuclear PGCC formation.

  Dataset EGAD50000002084

• Whole Transcriptome Sequencing of NXF1 or CRM1 depleted Cell

  mRNA exporters, NXF1 and CRM1 are known to function in mRNA export. However, since each target mRNA has not been identified genome-widely, it is not clear whether they export exclusive mRNA subsets. To reveal this point, we prepared the nuclear and the cytoplasmic RNAs under either exporter inhibited condition and carried out RNA-seq. In these experiments, we also focused in the export machinery of aberrant transcripts that usually retained and decayed in the nucleus.

  Study JGAS000294

• Multi-omics characterization of KMT2A-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  KMT2A gene rearranged (KMT2A-r) infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most refractory subgroup of childhood leukemia, whose molecular heterogeneity remains largely unknown. To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of KMT2A-r infant ALL, we comprehensively analyzed the RNA sequencing, methylation array, whole exome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing data of diagnostic samples of KMT2A-r infant ALL. We also performed ChIP sequencing of infant ALL-derived cell lines.

  Study JGAS000385

• Sarcopenia related to Head and Neck squamous cell carcinomas: transcriptome modifications of muscle cells induced by distant malignant cells

  The biological mechanisms of sarcopenia are still very poorly understood, particularly in the case of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC). However, there is good reason to believe that diffusible factors originating from tumor cells exert a distant deleterious effect on muscle cells. To test this hypothesis we implemented a dual approach based both on experiments carried out in vitro and on the study of muscle fragments from patients.

  Study EGAS50000000669

• Rare Germline Variants in CDKN2A-Negative Children and Adolescents with Cutaneous Melanoma

  Cutaneous melanoma is a complex disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Inherited susceptibility plays a significant role, involving a combination of high-, intermediate-, and low-penetrance genes. Melanoma in children and adolescents has been speculated to have a stronger genetic component due to the early onset. This study investigates germline variants in early-onset melanoma through exome sequencing of 154 patients in Australia diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma before the age of 20.

  Study EGAS50000001311

• Tenk10k Phase 1: Whole Genome Sequencing

  TenK10K Phase 1 is a dataset of matched human whole-genome sequencing (WGS) from 1,925 individuals, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from over 5 million peripheral blood mononuclear cells across 28 immune cell types. Single-cell ATAC sequencing was additionally performed on a subset of 922 individuals. This EGA study consists of the WGS data from 1,925 individuals while a separate EGA study comprises the scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data.

  Study EGAS50000001654

• High Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension

  The Central Asian Kyrgyz highland population provides a unique opportunity to address genetic diversity and understand the genetic mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). While a significant fraction of the population is unaffected, there are susceptible individuals who display HAPH in the absence of any lung, cardiac or hematologic disease. We report herein the analysis of the whole genome sequencing of healthy individuals compared with HAPH patients and other controls.

  Study EGAS00001003171

• IgCaller

  IgCaller is a python program designed to fully characterize the immunoglobulin (IG) gene rearrangements and oncogenic translocations in lymphoid neoplasms from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. Using a cohort of 331 patients comprising different subtypes of B-cell neoplasms, we demonstrate that IgCaller identifies both heavy and light chain rearrangements providing additional information on their functionality, somatic mutational status, class switch recombination, and oncogenic IG translocations. We provided here IG reads of the previously unpublished WGS.

  Study EGAS00001004298

• WGS and WES of 78 pairs Chinese gastric cancer

  Gastric Cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. To identify potential clinically actionable therapeutic targets that may inform individualized treatment strategies, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 78 GCs of differing histologies and anatomic locations, as well as whole-genome sequencing on two GC cases, each with 3 primary tumours and 2 matching lymph node metastases. The data showed two distinct GC subtypes with either high-clonality (HiC) or low-clonality (LoC).

  Study EGAS00001001056

• Exome_sequence_of_probands_in_Barrett_s_oesophagus_families

  Barrett?s oesophagus is common in the UK affecting 2 % of the population. Family history has beenrecorded among the 4000 Barrett's cases collected so far and have 241 families. Among them wehave assessed 6 multiplex families with proven Barrett?s and defined as having 1 pro band and atleast 3 affected first degree members. We propose to exome sequence the probands of these sixfamilies to assess the presence of pathogenic rare coding variants.

  Study EGAS00001000531

• Susceptibility_genes_for_the_development_of_SLE_during_treatment_of_IBD

  A potential and very serious side effect of treating IBD with antiTNFa therapies (the currentgold standard) is the development of systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). This side effect israre and unpredictable. Out of several thousand cases having received treatment, theUniversity of Calgary have accumulated 12 individuals with full phenotyping and novelserological antibody discovery panel data. We propose to exome sequence these samples inan effort to identify rare highly-penetrant variants that could be underlying this severephenotype.

  Study EGAS00001000387

• The genomic landscape of recurrent ovarian high grade serous carcinoma: the BriTROC-1 study

  The BriTROC-1 study, spanning 15 centres across the United Kingdom, is a prospective observational project investigating putative causes of relapse in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Potential genomic changes associated with disease recurrence are examined by studying paired tumour samples collected from patients at diagnosis and after relapse after receiving platinum based chemotherapy. Shallow whole genome sequencing and targeted amplicon sequencing are used to identify copy number aberrations and short variants respectively.

  Study EGAS00001007292

• Recent genetic history of Denmark

  The "Where Are You From?" project explores the extent to which recent and more distant historical events left their mark on the genetic structure of the current Danish population. The project's ultimate goal is to gain insights into the historical complexity of Denmark from the genetic perspective. To this goal, a data set consisting of approximately 800 high school students from across Denmark was used to run an extensive genetic analysis.

  Study EGAS00001001868

• UROMOL 2020 - RNA-seq data

  The molecular landscape in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by large biological heterogeneity with variable clinical outcomes. Here, we performed a large integrative multi-omics analysis of patients diagnosed with NMIBC (n=834). Transcriptomic analysis identifies four classes (1, 2a, 2b and 3) reflecting tumor biology and disease aggressiveness. Both transcriptome-based subtyping and the level of chromosomal instability provide independent prognostic value beyond established prognostic clinicopathological parameters.

  Study EGAS00001004693

• Genetic Landscape of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Defined by Exome Sequencing on Chinese Patient Cohort and Cell Lines

  Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. To define the genetic landscape of ESCC, whole exome sequencing was performed on 113 pairs of tumor and normal DNA samples collected from Chinese individuals with treatment-naive primary ESCC, along with 8 cell lines, including 7 from KYSE series ESCC cell lines and one immortalized esophageal squamous epithelial cell line Het-1A.

  Study EGAS00001000932

• Whole_genome_sequencing_of_a_Grem1_mutant_human_tumour

  The BMP antagonist Grem1 has been shown to be associated with a rare human polyposissyndrome (HMPS). We have shown that there is a 40KB duplication on chrom 15 found insome patients with HMPS. Traditional serrated adenomas (rare sporadic polyps) share somemorphological features with HMPS polyps and it has long been hypothesised that they are thesporadic version of HMPS polyps. We have obtained of one of theselesions and in this project we aim to characterise this tumour.

  Study EGAS00001000562

• Congenital Heart Disease in UK Families

  This project aims to identify highly penetrant coding variants increasing the risk of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) performing whole exome sequencing on DNA samples from 23 affected individuals, selected from 10 families with presumed Autosomal Recessive Inheritance. This is a collaboration with Prof. Eamonn Maher and Dr. Chirag Patel from the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University of Birmingham plans to sequence 23 indexed Agilent whole exome pulldown libraries on 75Bp PE HiSeq (Illumina).

  Study EGAS00001000066

• Detection of clinically relevant genetic and transcriptomic landscape in DLBCL uniformly treated by R-CHOP

  Recent studies using next-generation sequencing strategies have described the landscape of genetic alterations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, little is known about the clinical relevance of recurrent mutations and copy number alterations and their transcriptional footprints. This study examines the frequency, interaction and clinical impact of recurrent genetic aberrations in DLBCL using high-resolution technologies in a large population-based cohort.

  Study EGAS00001002657

• SOFT_study___sequencing_premenopausal_breast_cancer

  Our project will examine the role of PIK3CA mutations and their sensitivity to endocrine therapies and its role, with the addition of complete ovarian suppression. We plan to test our hypotheses using tumour samples collected from patients enrolled in the SOFT/IBCSG24-02 clinical study (Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial – (NCT00066690). SOFT is a phase III trial that randomised 3066 premenopausal women to evaluate if adding ovarian suppression to adjuvant endocrine therapy will improve clinical outcomes.

  Study EGAS00001000983

• Whole genome sequencing of ASD quartet families

  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is genetically heterogeneous with >100 susceptibility genes known. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 85 quartet families (two parents and two ASD-affected siblings) to comprehensively examine mutation characteristics. Our results emphasize using WGS to maximize the detection of all classes of mutations potentially involved in autism, and to enable the interpretation of that data in confirmatory and predictive diagnosis in different individuals in a family.

  Study EGAS00001001023

• Much ado about nothing? - Off-target amplification can lead to false positive bacterial brain microbiome detection in healthy and Parkinson's disease individuals

  Recent studies suggested the existence of (poly-)microbial infections in human brains. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we tested the hypothesis that there is a bacterial brain microbiome. We evaluated brain samples from healthy human subjects and individuals suffering from PD (olfactory bulb and pre-frontal cortex). We identified off-target amplification as a major confounding factor in low-bacterial/high-host-DNA scenarios.

  Study EGAS00001004757

• Breast Cancer - immune clusters - RNA-seq

  In this study we use expression data from breast cancer tumors to define immune clusters in breast cancer. Immune clusters have gradual levels of immune infiltration. In the intermediate immune infiltration cluster, we found a worse prognosis which is independent of known clinicopathological features. We also found the immune clusters associated with treatment response. Further using gene expression data and deconvolution algorithms to dissect the immune contexture of the clusters.

  Study EGAS00001003631

• Genetic subclone heterogeneity of tumor-initiating cells in human colorectal cancer

  A subset of tumor-initiating cells (TIC) drives colorectal cancer (CRC) progression in serial mouse xenografts. The TIC compartment itself is heterogeneous and comprises hierarchically organized long-term TIC, tumor transient amplifying cells, and delayed contributing TIC. To address the genomic heterogeneity of the CRC TIC compartment, genome-wide high-coverage whole genome sequencing was performed on patient tumors (n=3), corresponding serially passaged TIC-enriched spheres, and serial xenografts.HIPO P002

  Study EGAS00001001857

• RNAseq of 76 samples from Uveal Melanoma tumors

  Hotspot mutations in the spliceosome gene SF3B1 are reported in 20% of uveal melanomas. SF3B1 is involved in 3'-splice site (3'ss) recognition during RNA splicing; however, the molecular mechanisms of its mutation have remained unclear. Here we show, using RNA-Seq analyses of uveal melanoma, that the SF3B1 R625/K666 mutation results in deregulated splicing at a subset of junctions, mostly by the use of alternative 3'ss

  Study EGAS00001002932

• Whole exome sequencing in patients with ALS and concomitant FTD lacking the C9orf72 repeat expansion

  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are part of a clinical, pathological and genetic continuum. The purpose of the present study was to assess the mutation burden that is present in ALS and/or FTD known disease-causing genes in 54 patients (16 with available postmortem neuropathological diagnosis) with concurrent ALS and FTD (ALS/FTD) not-carrying the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion, the most important genetic cause in both diseases.

  Study EGAS00001002439

• Deep intronic homozygous variation in PSMC3 causes a syndromic neurosensory disorder combining deafness and cataract

  The association of congenital deafness and early-onset cataracts inherited as a recessive trait is a rare combination described in only a few syndromes with very few genes identified to date. We propose that the PSMC3 proteasome subunit dysfunction leads to a novel human syndrome that includes early-onset cataracts and deafness and suggest that Rpt5 plays a major role in inner ear and lens development.

  Study EGAS00001003942

• Multi-omics profiling of paired primary and recurrent glioblastoma patient tissues

  Despite maximal therapy with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients have a median survival of only 15 months. Almost all patients inevitably experience symptomatic tumor recurrence. A hallmark of this tumor type is the large heterogeneity between patients and within tumors itself which relate to failure of standardized tumor treatment. In this study, tissue samples of paired primary and recurrent GBM tumors were investigated to identify individual factors related to tumor progression.

  Study EGAS00001004345

• Genes___Health_imputed_genotype_dataset

  Genes & Health is a cohort of British Bangladeshi and British Pakistani individuals. In the Feb2020 data freeze, 28,022 individuals were genotyped on the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array v3 chip (with the additional Multi-Disease variants). Imputation was performed using the Michigan Imputation Server with the GenomeAsia pilot reference panel, which contains 1,739 genomes and 642 from them are from South Asian groups. This dataset contains imputed SNPs with imputation accuracy >0.3 and MAF >0.1%.

  Study EGAS00001005373

• Single-cell RNA sequencing of 6 follicular lymphoma tumors

  Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent cancer of mature B-cells but carries increased risk of transformation to a more aggressive histology over time. We present here comprehensive profiling both tumor and immune compartments in 6 diagnostic FL biopsies by single-cell RNA sequencing. This confirmed results from 155 FL tumors characterized by mass cytometry (CyTOF) which revealed two distinct evolutionary trajectories with disparate risk of transformation and alternate biologies.

  Study EGAS00001005257

• Dual-mTOR inhibitor Rapalink-1 reduces prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft growth and alters tumor heterogeneity

  Bone metastasis is the leading cause of prostate cancer (PCa) mortality, frequently marking the progression to castration-resistant PCa. In this study, we compared the molecular pathways enriched in a set of bone metastasis from breast and prostate cancer from snap-frozen tissue. To further model PCa drug resistance mechanisms, we used two patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models of bone-metastatic PCa, BM18 and LAPC9.

  Study EGAS00001004431

• Integration of genomics and metabolomics in acute myeloid leukemia

  Although targeting of cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic strategy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), metabolic dependencies are largely unexplored. We aimed to classify AML patients based on their metabolic landscape and map connections between metabolic and genomic profiles. The intracellular metabolome distinguished three AML clusters, correlating with distinct genomic profiles: NPM1-mutated(mut), chromatin/spliceosome-mut and TP53-mut/aneuploid AML that were confirmed by biofluid analysis.

  Study EGAS00001005422

• UROMOL 2020 - SNP data

  The molecular landscape in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by large biological heterogeneity with variable clinical outcomes. Here, we performed a large integrative multi-omics analysis of patients diagnosed with NMIBC (n=834). Transcriptomic analysis identifies four classes (1, 2a, 2b and 3) reflecting tumor biology and disease aggressiveness. Both transcriptome-based subtyping and the level of chromosomal instability provide independent prognostic value beyond established prognostic clinicopathological parameters.

  Study EGAS00001004862

• Profiling of 27 type 2 diabetes GWAS loci using next-generation (NG) capture C in a human beta-cell model

  Most type 2 diabetes association signals are due to variants that impact gene regulation but identifying the genes they impact is challenging. We generated interaction profiles at 27 T2D GWAS loci using next-generation (NG) capture C in a human beta-cell model ( EndoC-betaH1) and contrasted our maps with public Hi-C/promoter capture Hi-C maps in EndoC-betaH1 cells or human islets.

  Study EGAS00001006105

• RNA-sequencing of mechanical stress induced osteoarthritis-like damage in aged human cartilage explants treated with the anti-deiodinase iopanoic acid

  The current study aimed to confirm chondroprotective effects of the D2 inhibitor iopanoic acid (IOP) in an ex vivo aged human osteochondral explant model in which injurious mechanical stress is applied to inflict OA-like damage. This dataset contains RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq X ten) of osteochondral explant cartilage from aged human patients that underwent a joint replacement surgery due to OA (N=10 donors; n=21 explants).

  Study EGAS00001006242

• Mapping genetic effects on cell type-specific chromatin accessibility using single nucleus ATAC-seq

  Gene regulation is highly cell type-specific and understanding the function of non-coding genetic variants associated with complex traits requires molecular phenotyping at cell type resolution. In this study we performed single nucleus ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) and genotyping in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 individuals. We mapped chromatin accessibility QTLs (caQTLs) in each immune cell type and sub-type in a subset of 10 samples of European genetic ancestry.

  Study EGAS00001006184

• Single-cell RNA-seq of human kidney tumors

  The aim of this study is to analyze the transcriptomic information of fresh single cells originating from human clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Samples have been experimentally enriched in malignant cells in order to address specific questions regarding heterogeneity and clonality in ccRCC. Samples include one set of long-term frozen and thawed single cells in order to explore the impact of liquid nitrogen freezing on ccRCC single cells.

  Study EGAS00001006534

• Pre-diagnostic saliva microbiota of Finnish children with autoimmune diseases

  Pre-diagnostic saliva microbiota samples of Finnish children (aged 11/12 years). This is a case-control study, where case refers to the children who developed Type 1 DM or IBD later in life and control refers to the children who were free from these diseases. The aim of the study was to find biomarkers in saliva microbiota that may help us predict DM or IBD before the onset of these diseases.

  Study EGAS00001006949

• Clonal_selection_after_gene_therapy_in_SCD___Duplex_sequencing

  This study includes the targeted duplex sequencing data relating to this study. A custom targeted panel was used including 29 AML-associated genes, and a set of mutations from driver-containing clones that were sequenced during the WGS tree-building phase of the study. Targeted sequencing is performed on each of 6 individuals included at the study at at least 3 time points per individual: one prior to gene therapy, and two post-therapy time points.

  Study EGAS00001007253

• GWAS on covid-19 severity and susceptibility in the province of Bergamo, Italy

  This is a case-control GWAS that involved the voluntary recruitment of inhabitants of the Bergamo province via an online questionnaire. We collected detailed clinical data and verified all information through personal interviews. Cases (severe COVID-19; G1) and controls (mild or asymptomatic COVID-19, G2; non-infected, G3) were matched by age, sex and risk factors

  Study EGAS00001007310

• Combination Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Australian Rare Cancers_WES

  Combination immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade has demonstrated significant clinical activity across tumour types. Rare cancer patients have limited treatment options due to the scarcity of studies of novel treatment options, so they are often offered chemotherapies untested in their disease. ONJ2016-001/CA209-538 is a prospective, multicentre clinical trial of combination ICI (ipilimumab and nivolumab) in patients with advanced rare cancers, including biliary tract, adrenocortical, rare gynaecological and neuroendocrine cancers (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02923934). The primary endpoint is clinical benefit rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease >3 months) by RECIST 1.1. This study involves generation and analysis of pre-treatment formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumour DNA sequencing data, paired with germline DNA sequencing data, to potentially identify genomic biomarkers that may associate with clinical benefit or other clinical efficacy / toxicity metrics.

  Dataset EGAD00001015465

• WGS of cell-free DNA derived from plasma of CRC patients and healthy controls, and WGS of matched tumor tissue and saliva

  This dataset contains: 1.) Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data (~6x) of 259 cfDNA samples obtained from 50 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 61 healthy controls. Paired-end sequencing was performed with 2x101 bp reads on the NovaSeq 6000 system. Data is provided as mapped .bam files (aligned to GRCh38/hg38). 2.) WGS data (~1x) of 50 tumor biopsy and 45 saliva samples from CRC patients. Paired-end sequencing was performed with 2x101 bp reads on the NovaSeq 6000 system. Data is provided as mapped .bam files (aligned to GRCh38/hg38).

  Dataset EGAD00001009309

• Low coverage whole-genome sequencing of samples from the Cretan Greek isolate collection HELIC-MANOLIS

  Whole-genome sequencing at 1x of samples from the Cretan Greek isolate collection HELIC-MANOLIS. Genome-wide association studies of complex traits have been successful in identifying common variant associations, but a substantial heritability gap remains. The field of complex trait genetics is shifting towards the study of low frequency and rare variants, which are hypothesised to have larger effects. The study of these variants can be empowered by focusing on isolated populations, in which rare variants may have increased in frequency and linkage disequilibrium tends to be extended. This work focuses on an isolated population from Crete, Greece. Sequencing is very efficient in isolated populations, because variants found in a few samples will be shared by others in extended haplotype contexts, supporting accurate imputation.

  Dataset EGAD00001001637

• Genomic Signatures of Intestinal Metaplasia in Six Countries with Varying Incidence of Stomach Cancer

  Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a pre-cancerous condition associated with gastric cancer (GC), a deadly malignancy with varying geographic incidence. Performing a genomic analysis of over 1,500 IM samples from six countries, we identified 46 significantly mutated genes. We observed IM driver genes associated with high-risk populations and worse prognosis (ARID1A), members of the KRAS/MAPK signalling pathway (KRAS, BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP3K1, MAP2K4, NF1), and altered mucosal immunity (PIGR).

  Study EGAS50000001056

• Integrative Analysis for Multi-Omics Data in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

  We conducted epigenetic and transcriptomic mapping of primary non-small cell lung tumors and non-neoplastic tissues. 20 non-neoplastic lung tissues and 18 non-small cell lung tumors were obtained from Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resource at Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego. All tumor samples were in pathological stages I and II. 8 pairs of samples were "matched", meaning that the tumor and normal tissues came from the same patient. Microfluidic oscillatory washing–based chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (MOWChIP-seq) was used to profile the binding of H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27ac and H3K27me3. SmartSeq-2 was used to map mRNA expression. We identified a large number of differentially modified regions for both epigenetic and transcriptomic markers between tumors and normal tissues. Deep learning model showed extensive transcription factor network rewiring. Raw sequencing data of the ChIP-seq and RNA-seq libraries are available through this dbGaP submission.

  Study phs003113

• Pooled Mutant KRAS-Targeted Long Peptide Vaccine Combined with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for Patients with Resected MMR-p Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer

  We developed INtraCEllular Reverse Transcription with Sorting and sequencing (INCERTS), an approach to combine molecular indexing of receptor repertoires within intact cells and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We demonstrate that INCERTS enables efficient processing of millions of cells from pooled human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples while retaining robust association between T cell receptor (TCR) sequences and cellular phenotypes. We used INCERTS to discover antigen-specific TCRs from patients with cancer immunized with a novel mutant KRAS peptide vaccine. After ex vivo stimulation, 28 uniquely barcoded samples were pooled prior to FACS into peptide-reactive and non-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ populations. Combining complementary patient-matched single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data enabled retrieval of full-length, paired TCR alpha and beta chain sequences for future validation of therapeutic utility. Data available through dbGaP include scRNA-seq with matched TCR-seq.

  Study phs003425

• Loss of presentation of estimated neoantigens from mutated genes in ctDNA was essential for fostering primary to recurrent tumors in postoperative colorectal cancer cases

  Specific parameters regarding mutations at primary sites for the detection of postoperative recurrence using circulating tumor (ct)DNA liquid biopsy are lacking. In the current retrospective study, we conducted target resequencing of ctDNA using 47 plasma samples and established a cancer panel carrying the commonly mutated genes between primary and recurrent tumors. We found that mutated genes in ctDNA indicated immune-resistance traits with respect to the impaired ability to present neoantigens by loss of expression or binding affinity to HLA in the primary tumor. Compared with the estimated neoantigens from all mutated genes in primary tumors, the neoantigen peptides from commonly mutated genes between primary and recurrent tumors showed abundant and significant expression with no binding affinity to HLA. Therefore, ctDNA mutations can be frequently and postoperatively detected to identify recurrence; however, these mutated genes were derived from immune-tolerated clones owing to the loss of neoantigen presentation in primary CRC tumors.

  Study JGAS000549

• Bulk RNA sequencing of day 2 and day 7 biopsies from the tuberculin skin test in people with latent tuberculosis, and of day 2 biopsies from saline controls

  We used the tuberculin skin test (TST) as human challenge model to study the temporal evolution of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens in vivo. Study participants comprised healthy HIV seronegative adults, 18-60 years of age. Latent tuberculosis (TB) infection was defined as immune memory for Mtb-specific antigens identified by positive peripheral blood IFNg release assays, but no clinical or radiological evidence of active TB. Two units tuberculin each were injected intradermally into the contralateral forearms of participants. After 2 days (n=216) or 7 days (n=158), 3 mm skin punch biopsies were taken from the injection sites and processed for whole genome transcriptional profiling by bulk RNA sequencing. The time points reflect maximum clinical inflammation (day 2) and maximum T cell infiltration (day 7) of the TST. TST samples were compared to skin biopsies taken two days after control injection of saline in a separate group of individuals (n=33), comprising healthy volunteers as well as patients with active or latent TB, ranging from 18-75 years of age. This dataset includes 407 samples from 256 individuals (n=33 saline, n=223 with Day 2 and/or Day 7 TST). Skin biopsies were collected into RNAlater (Qiagen) for RNA extraction. Total RNA was obtained with the Precellys Evolution homogenizer (Bertin Instruments) and Qiagen RNeasy mini kit. RNA was subjected to DNase treatment to remove contaminating genomic DNA using a TURBO DNA-free kit (Ambion, Life Technologies). The KAPA mRNA HyperPrep Kit (Roche Diagnostics) was used to construct stranded mRNA-Seq libraries from up to 500 ng intact total RNA. Paired-end sequencing was performed on the Illumina Nextseq using the Nextseq 500/550 High Output 75 cycle kit (Illumina). Runs were demultiplexed using bcl2fastq by Illumina.

  Dataset EGAD50000001208

• Coverage bias and sensitivity of variant calling for four whole-genome sequencing technologies

  Massively parallel sequencing has revolutionized research in cancer genetics and genomics and enhanced our understanding of natural human genetic variation. Recently, Lam et al. have performed a detailed comparison of two next-generation sequencing technologies with respect to their sensitivity to call single nucleotide variants (SNV) and indels. Here, we sequenced two tumor/normal pairs obtained from two paedriatic medulloblastoma patients with Life Technologies’ SOLiD 4 and 5500xl SOLiD, Illumina’s HiSeq2000, and Complete Genomics’ technology. We then compared their ability to call SNVs with high confidence. As gold standard for SNV calling, we used genotypes determined by an Affymetrix SNP array. Additionally, we performed a detailed analysis of how evenly each technology covers the genome and how the reads are distributed across functional genomic regions. Finally, we studied how a combination of data from different technologies might help to overcome the limitations in SNV calling by any of the four technologies alone.

  Study EGAS00001000274

• Metabolic and molecular consequences of the TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter variant in human skeletal muscle

  Skeletal muscle of Inuit homozygous carriers of the common Greenlandic TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter variant is severely insulin resistant but have normal metabolic responses during exercise

  Dataset EGAD50000000059