12213 results for "cancer rna-seq"

in 44.36 milliseconds.

• RPPA analysis + clinical data

  RPPA analysis from FAIRLANE Trial of Neoadjuvant Ipatasertib Plus Paclitaxel for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

  Dataset EGAD00001008507

• Comprehensive Characterization of Early Relapse and End-Stage Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma (HIPO K08K/H067/H021+nonHIPO)

  Study EGAS00001007469

• Genome Sequencing of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma at The Human Genome Sequencing Center of Baylor College of Medicine (HGSC-BCM)

  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) is the 11th most common cancer in the USA but the 4th in fatalities. The onset and progression of cancer is driven by extensive rearrangement and mutation of the genome. We combined our capability to capture and enrich exome DNA with the next generation sequencing capacity to allow us to detect and characterize the somatic mutation profile of 24 patients with PDAC. Patient samples were collected by the Elkins Pancreatic Center in the Baylor College of Medicine Department of Surgery. Sequencing of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the NHGRI Center Initiated Projects in progress in the Human Genome Sequencing Center at Baylor College of Medicine. These data are also contributed to an ICGC study and will be published with the ICGC collaborators.

  Study phs000516

• Dynamics of Genomic and Immune Responses During Primary Immunotherapy Resistance in Mismatch Repair Deficient Tumors

  We study a patient with dMMR lung cancer refractory to immunotherapy. Post-treatment tumor demonstrated compound heterozygous frameshift deletions located upstream of the kinase domain in the gene encoding JAK1 protein, downregulation of JAK1 and mediators of its signal transduction, and total loss of JAK1 phosphorylation. Importantly, one of the JAK1 mutations, despite not being detected in the pre-treatment tumor, was found at low variant allele frequency in the pre-treatment circulating tumor DNA, suggesting clonal selection of the mutation. This report provides the most detailed look yet of defective JAK1 signaling in the context of dMMR and immunotherapy-resistance. Together with observations of JAK1 frameshift indels being enriched in dMMR compared with MMR-proficient tumors, our findings demonstrate the critical function of JAK1 in immunological surveillance of dMMR cancer.

  Study phs002089

• Genome-wide Association Study and Meta-Analysis of Ewing Sarcoma

  We combined a set of 122 French Ewing sarcoma (EWS) cases from the Institut Curie, 19 EWS cases from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Center for Cancer Research (CCR), and 29 EWS cases from the NCI Bone Disease and Injury Study. All EWS cases were confirmed by medical record review and the presence of a specific EWSR1-ETS translocation were noted when data was available. Each participant provided informed consent and each participating study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of their study center. DNA was extracted using standard methods from blood, saliva (Oragene), or buccal cells. All de novo genotyping of EWS cases was performed at the NCI CGR on the Illumina OmniExpress-24 v1.1 array. Genotyping was performed according to manufacturer's guidelines using the Infinium HD Assay automated protocol.

  Study phs001549

• Neuroblastoma Genome-Wide Association Study (NBL-GWAS)

  Neuroblastoma is a malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system that most commonly affects young children and is often lethal. The etiology of this embryonal cancer is not known. We have performed a whole genome scan for association of neuroblastoma with SNP genotypes and copy number variation to discover predisposition loci. We therefore initiated a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2007 focused on neuroblastoma patients identified through the Children's Oncology Group (COG; 238 member institutions). Control patients for this study are children cared for at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) without a diagnosis of cancer. The study was designed to collect up to 5000 neuroblastoma cases and 10,000 controls and is powered to detect common susceptibility variants in Caucasian and African American patients. Whole genome genotyping is being performed on the Illumina HH550 SNP array.

  Study phs000124

• PLCO - Limited Use Pilot Test Data

  This is a sample of Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial data for limited use in a pilot test for remote data access. The PLCO is a randomized, controlled trial of screening tests for prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancers. Approximately 155,000 participants were enrolled between November 1993 and July 2001. Participants were individually randomized to the control arm or intervention arm in equal proportions. Participants assigned to the control arm received usual care, whereas participants assigned to the intervention arm were invited to receive screening exams for prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancers as outlined in the study protocol. The goal of the study was to assess whether these screening exams reduce mortality from prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancers. Data were collected on cancer diagnoses and deaths from all causes that occurred through December 31, 2009. Median follow-up time was 12.4 years.

  Study phs002011

• Whole Genome and Exon Capture Sequencing of Bladder Cancers

  One primary bladder cancer and paired peripheral blood sample were subjected to whole genome sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. This technology was utilized to investigate the genetic basis of a durable remission of metastatic bladder cancer in a patient treated with everolimus, a drug that inhibits the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway. Among the somatic mutations found was a loss-of-function mutation in TSC1 (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1), a regulator of mTOR pathway activation. Targeted sequencing using an exon capture and sequencing assay was performed on 13 tumors derived from patients on the same everolimus trial as the index patient and the sequencing data from these tumors is included. TSC1 mutation status was correlated with response to everolimus. The index patient responder tumor and peripheral blood DNA were also subjected to exon capture and sequencing.

  Study phs000535

• The genomic complexity of sporadic and inherited retinoblastoma with a matched orthotopic xenograft

  Retinoblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the developing retina. All retinoblastomas are believed to initiate with biallelic inactivation of the RB1 gene. To identify subsequent genetic lesions in retinoblastoma, we performed whole genome sequencing of tumor and normal DNA of 4 children with retinoblastoma and one matched orthotopic xenograft. Both alleles of RB1 were inactivated in the tumor samples. 3 of the patients had sporadic retinoblastoma and one patient had inherited retinoblastoma. Overall, there were few single nucleotide changes in coding regions of the genome and some of the tumors had few chromosomal lesions. There were very few new genetic lesions in the xenograft compared to the primary tumor. These data suggest that the genome in retinoblastoma is more stable than previously believed and there are relatively few recurrent genetic lesions in known cancer pathways other than the RB1 pathway.

  Study phs000352

• Genomic Alterations and Transcriptional Phenotypes in Circulating Tumor DNA and Matched Metastatic Tumor

  We analyzed a prospective cohort of 49 plasma samples obtained before, during, and after treatment from 20 patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer. We conducted cfDNA low-pass whole genome sequencing (0.1X coverage) and exome sequencing (130X coverage) in comparison with time-point matched tumor characterized using whole-exome (130X) and transcriptome sequencing. A direct comparison of cfDNA and tumor biopsy revealed that cfDNA not only mirrors the mutation and copy number landscape of the corresponding tumor, but also identifies clinically relevant resistance mechanisms and cancer driver alterations not detected in matched tumor biopsies. Longitudinal cfDNA analysis reliably tracks tumor response, progression, and clonal evolution. Sequencing coverage of plasma DNA fragments around transcription start sites showed distinct treatment-related changes and captured the expression of key transcription factors n the corresponding SCLC tumors.

  Study phs003689

• Establishment of xenogfafts and cultured cell lines from clinical samples

  The purpose of the present study was to clarify the presence or absence of alterations in the molecular properties of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with up to eight passages in endometrial carcinomas. Alterations in the proportion of immunohistochemically positive/negative cells for PAX8, estrogen receptor, PAX2, and PTEN were observed in established PDXs of endometrioid carcinomas and carcinosarcomas, whereas proportions of cells with AE1/AE3, TP53, ARID1A PMS2, and MSH6 were maintained. Variants of cancer-associated genes in PDX compared to those in the parental tumors were examined in two cases, a frameshift deletion in BRCA1 was observed in the parental tumor tissue, and additional genomic alterations were found in the PDXs of this case. Genomic and phenotypic alterations in endometrial carcinoma PDXs relative to the parental tumors were observed and were partly associated with endometrial cancer-specific characteristics in cellular differentiation and gene mutations.

  Study JGAS000585

• Genetic landscape of pediatric Retinoblastoma

  Retinoblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the developing retina. All retinoblastomas are believed to initiate with biallelic inactivation of the RB1 gene. To identify subsequent genetic lesions in retinoblastoma, we performed whole genome sequencing of tumor and normal DNA of 4 children with retinoblastoma and one matched orthotopic xenograft. Both alleles of RB1 were inactivated in the tumor samples. 3 of the patients had sporadic retinoblastoma and one patient had inherited retinoblastoma. Overall, there were few single nucleotide changes in coding regions of the genome and some of the tumors had few chromosomal lesions. There were very few new genetic lesions in the xenograft compared to the primary tumor. These data suggest that the genome in retinoblastoma is more stable than previously believed and there are relatively few recurrent genetic lesions in known cancer pathways other than the RB1 pathway.

  Study EGAS00001000346

• Patient-derived organoids model treatment response of metastatic gastrointestinal cancers (targeted and whole-genome sequencing)

  Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have recently emerged as robust pre-clinical models, however, their potential to predict patient clinical outcomes remain unclear. We report a living biobank of PDOs from metastatic, heavily-pretreated colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer patients recruited in phase I/II clinical trials. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of PDOs showed a high-degree of similarity to the original patient tumor. Molecular profiling of tumor organoids was matched to drug screening results, suggesting PDOs could complement existing approaches in defining cancer vulnerabilities and improving treatment responses. We compared ex vivo organoid responses to anticancer agents, and PDO-based orthotopic mouse tumor xenograft models to the response of the patient in clinical trials. Our data suggest that PDOs can recapitulate patient responses in the clinic, and have the potential to be implemented in personalized medicine programs.

  Study EGAS00001002784

• Sequencing data from a highly cost-effective cell-free DNA methylome test

  Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), originating from multiple organs, holds significant potential for non-invasive diagnostics and prognostics. Current cfDNA methylation assays primarily focus on single clinical indications by targeting specific genomic loci. In contrast, comprehensive profiling of cfDNA methylome can enable simultaneous detection of multiple diseases by capturing organ-specific methylation signatures, thereby offering a holistic view of health, when disease etiology is unclear or when conventional biochemical diagnostics are unavailable. However, deep sequencing required for sensitive detection of methylation abnormalities remains prohibitively expensive, limiting widespread clinical use. To overcome this barrier, we developed MethylScan, a highly cost-effective approach for cfDNA methylome sequencing. We demonstrated its broad clinical utility in a cohort of 1,061 individuals across diverse applications, including multi-cancer detection in general population, liver cancer surveillance in high-risk individuals, liver disease classification, identification of organ abnormalities, and race prediction from cfDNA.

  Study EGAS00001008125

• Screening_for_human_epigenetic_variation_at_CpG_islands

  Many human characteristics, including susceptibility to disease, are determined genetically. An unexplored alternative to such genetic determination concerns epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. CpG islands (CGIs) are generally constitutively hypomethylated, however there are circumstances in which they become heavily methylated and, when coincident with a gene promoter, this invariably causes transcriptional silencing. CGI methylation occurs in normal tissues during processes such as X-inactivation, but abnormal patterns of methylation have also been implicated in disease. The vast majority of evidence relates to cancer, where silencing of multiple genes in this way appears to be a causal contributor to the cancer state. To address the role and extent of CGI methylation in ‘normal’ and diseased cells we applied MBD-affinity purification in conjunction with next generation sequencing in a panel of human brain autopsy samples. These samples represent a panel of individuals as well as specific brain regions and neurological pathologies.

  Study EGAS00001000074

• Exome sequencing of early and late passage Patient Derived Xenogratf Tumoroids with matched Patient Derived Xenogratfs and matched normal liver

  The breadth and depth at which cancer models are interrogated contribute to successful translation of drug discovery efforts to the clinic. In colorectal cancer (CRC), model availability is limited by a dearth of large-scale collections of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and paired tumoroids from metastatic disease, the setting where experimental therapies are typically tested. XENTURION is a unique open-science resource that combines a platform of 129 PDX models and a sister platform of 129 matched PDX-derived tumoroids (PDXTs) from patients with metastatic CRC, with accompanying multidimensional molecular and therapeutic characterization. This specific dataset is focused on a comparison of early and late passage tumoroids transcriptomes. In this study we focused our attention on early (passage 3) and late (passage 8-12) PDXTs with their matched PDXs and normal liver

  Study EGAS50000000185

• Genetic makeup of agnospheres

  Agnospheres are cultures of cancer stem cells isolated from tissue biopsies from patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUPs). The latter is a lethal malignancy (median survival <1 year), representing approximately the 3% of all cancers, and characterized by metastatic dissemination in the absence of a primary tumor recognizable by a standardized protocol including thorough body imaging and histopathological analysis. Agnospheres are long-term propagated in culture and, after subcutaneous injection into immunocompromised mice, they display high tumorigenicity and quickly reproduce the clinical presentation of the original tumor, featuring a multi-organ metastatic pattern and poorly differentiated histology. The goal of the project is to analyse the mutational profile of agnospheres in detail, as to verify its correspondance with that of the original tumors. Genetic information will be exploited to investigate the genetic drivers of the CUP phenotype, in particular the hypermetastatic ability and the differentiative block.

  Study EGAS00001004868

• Spatial atlas of clonal copy number alterations in co-existing benign and malignant tissue

  Defining the transition from benign to malignant tissue is fundamental to improve early diagnosis of cancer. Here, we use a systematic approach to study spatial genome integrity in situ and describe previously unidentified clonal relationships. We employed spatially resolved transcriptomics to infer spatial copy number variations in >120,000 regions across multiple organs, in benign and malignant tissues. We demonstrate that genome-wide copy number variation reveals distinct clonal patterns within tumours and in nearby benign tissue using an organ-wide approach focused on the prostate. Our results suggest a model for how genomic instability arises in histologically benign tissue that may represent early events in cancer evolution. We highlight the power of capturing the molecular and spatial continuums in a tissue context and challenge the rationale for treatment paradigms, including focal therapy.

  Study EGAS00001006124

• Identification of neoantigen from MSI-CRC patient derived organoids and its application for targeting by autologous T cells

  Targeting neoantigens expressed only by tumor cells enable tumor destruction without unexpected damages to healthy tissues. Here, we identified neoantigens from microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC) patient-derived organoids by genomics and immunopeptidomics approches. The neoantigens in this study were predicted from frame-shift mutation by whole-genome sequencing and confirmed its presentation on organoids surface class I HLA molecules by mass spectrometry. We utilized these neoantigens to isolate neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells from autologous PBMC, and proved tumor organoids killing ability of the CD8 T cells, whereas it did not attack normal organoids. This study provides a platform to identify neoantigen from patient-derived cancer organoids and a model to validate T cell recognition, which could be useful for adoptive CD8 T cell transfer treatment for MSI-CRC patient.

  Study EGAS00001006633

• Genetic mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer

  Resistance towards chemotherapy is one of the main causes of treatment failure and deathamong breast cancer patients.The main objective of this project is toidentify genetic mechanisms causing some breast cancer patients not torespond to a particluar type of chemotherapy (epirubicin) while otherpatients respond very well to the same treatment. In the project wewill perform genome / exome sequencing of a selection of breast cancerpatients (n=30). These patients are drawn from a cohort where allpatients have recieved treatment with epirubicin monotherapy before surgical removal of alocally advanced breast tumour, and where all patients have beensubjected to objective evaluation of the response to thetherapy. Subsequent to sequencing, we will analyse the data andcompare with the clinical data for each patient (object response totherapy). The main aim being to identify mutations that are associatedwith resistance to epirubicin. Identification of mutations with strongpredictive value, may have a direct impact on cancer treatment sinceit opens the possibility for genetic testing of a tumour, and desicionon which drug is likely to work best, prior to treatment start.

  Dataset EGAD00001000264

• Metabolic profiling of patient-derived organoids reveals nucleotide synthesis as a metabolic vulnerability in malignant rhabdoid tumors

  Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is one of the most aggressive childhood cancers for which no effective treatment options are available. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is an important hallmark of cancer, with various metabolism-based drugs being approved cancer treatment. In this study, we use patient derived tumor organoids (tumoroids) to map the metabolic landscape of several pediatric cancers. Combining gene expression analyses and metabolite profiling using mass spectrometry, we find nucleotide biosynthesis to be a particular vulnerability of MRT. Treatment of MRT tumoroids with de novo nucleotide synthesis inhibitors lowers nucleotide levels in MRT tumoroids and induces apoptosis. Lastly, we demonstrate invivo efficacy of methotrexate in an MRT PDX mouse model. Our study revealsnucleotide biosynthesis as an MRT-specific metabolic vulnerability, which can ultimately lead to better treatment options for children suffering from this lethal pediatric malignancy.

  Study EGAS00001007877

• ctDNA monitoring using patient-specific sequencing and integration of variant reads - Breast cohort

  Circulating tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) can be used to monitor cancer dynamics noninvasively. Detection of ctDNA can be challenging in patients with low-volume or residual disease, where plasma contains very few tumor-derived DNA fragments. We show that sensitivity for ctDNA detection in plasma can be improved by analyzing hundreds to thousands of mutations that are first identified by tumor genotyping. We describe the INtegration of VAriant Reads (INVAR) pipeline, which combines custom error-suppression methods and signal-enrichment approaches based on biological features of ctDNA. With this approach, the detection limit in each sample can be estimated independently based on the number of informative reads sequenced across multiple patient-specific loci. We applied INVAR to custom hybrid-capture sequencing data from 176 plasma samples from 105 patients with melanoma, lung, renal, glioma, and breast cancer across both early and advanced disease. By integrating signal across a median of >105 informative reads, ctDNA was routinely quantified to 1 mutant molecule per 100,000, and in some cases with high tumor mutation burden and/or plasma input material, to individual parts per million. This resulted in median Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.98 in advanced cancers, and 0.80 in early stage and challenging settings for ctDNA detection. We generalized this method to whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, showing that the INVAR may be applied without requiring personalized sequencing panels, so long as a tumor mutation list is available. As tumor sequencing becomes increasingly performed, such methods for personalized cancer monitoring may enhance the sensitivity of cancer liquid biopsies.

  Dataset EGAD00001006293

• Somatic mutation and clonal evolution normal breast tissue WGS

  Cancer is a genetic disease caused by an accumulation of mutations, however many of these mutations have been identified in pathologically normal tissue. We aim to use laser-capture microscopy (LCM) to sample individual clones from breast tissue to identify whether cancer-associated mutations appear in this normal tissue, assess the mutational burden present, and identify the mutational processes causing these mutations. We will sample from a wide age range of individuals (<20 to >70 years old) to determine whether these processes differ in pre- and post-menopausal women. We will also be comparing the tissue from healthy individuals (samples from breast reduction surgery) to those at elevated risk of breast cancer (mastectomy from BRCA1/2 patients) and those who have breast cancer (adjacent normal, distal normal, and tumour tissue from mastectomy). This will allow us to determine how these processes are different between these groups of individuals, and gain insight into the earliest stages of tumour development. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2023-03-09.

  Dataset EGAD00001010123

• Pharmacogenomic landscape of patient-derived cells informs precision oncology therapy

  Outcomes of anticancer therapy vary dramatically among patients, which may be caused by the specific molecular alterations in each patient’s tumor. Precision oncology aims to apply optimal therapies for each tumor based on its molecular characteristics. We have established a resource reporting the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 462 patient tumor-derived cells (PDCs) across 14 cancer types, together with responses to 60 targeted agents. Compared with long-term cultured cancer cell lines, PDCs better recapitulate the molecular profiles of the original tumors. Among other unreported associations, we identify molecular factors inducing resistance to EGFR inhibitors in glioblastoma, and we suggest repurposing ibrutinib (currently used in hematological malignancies) for EGFR-specific therapy in gliomas. Lastly, using a retrospective clinical study, we find that PDC-derived sensitivities can be used to predict patient responses.

  Study EGAS00001002515

• Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium: Incorporation of Genomic Sequencing into Pediatric Cancer Care

  This project includes data derived from subjects enrolled in the BASIC3 (Baylor College of Medicine Advancing Sequencing in Childhood Cancer Care) study. BASIC3 is a National Genome Human Research Institute (NHGRI) and National Cancer Institute-funded Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER) consortium project that focused on prospective implementation of clinical whole exome sequencing in the pediatric oncology clinic. The primary study objective were to integrate information from CLIA-certified germline and tumor exome sequencing into the care of newly diagnosed solid tumor patients at Texas Children's Cancer Center, and to perform parallel evaluation of the impact of tumor and germline exomes on families and physicians. Blood and frozen tumor (if available) samples were collected from children undergoing surgery or biopsy of newly diagnosed solid tumors and subjected to exome sequencing in a CLIA-certified laboratory. Germline and tumor (if applicable) exome sequencing reports were generated and submitted into the electronic health record and returned to each patient/family by their primary oncologist. In addition to the clinical exome sequencing, specific (optional) consent was requested for research sequencing studies. If this consent was obtained then research studies of some of the children and parents participating in the BASIC3 study (including tumor transcriptome and whole genome sequencing of blood and/or tumor) are performed. The Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium Cohort is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-study. To view molecular data, and derived variables collected in this sub-study, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-study" section of this top-level study page phs001383 Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium Cohort. phs001026 BASIC3 phs001878 GMKF BASIC3

  Study phs001683

• 'Targeted High Throughput Sequencing in Clinical Cancer Settings: Formaldehyde fixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues, input amount and tumor heterogeneity'

  "Background: Massively parallel sequencing technologies have brought an enormous increase in sequencing throughput. However, these technologies need to be further improved with regard to reproducibility and applicability to clinical samples and settings. Methods: Using identification of genetic variations in prostate cancer as an example we address three crucial challenges in the field of targeted re-sequencing: Small nucleotide variation (SNV) detection in samples of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue material, minimal amount of input sample and sampling in view of tissue heterogeneity.Results: We show that FFPE tissue material can supplement for fresh frozen tissues for the detection of SNVs and that solution-based enrichment experiments can be accomplished with small amounts of DNA with only minimal effects on enrichment uniformity and data variance. Finally, we address the question whether the heterogeneity of a tumor is reflected by different genetic alterations, e.g. different foci of a tumor display different genomic patterns. We show that the tumor heterogeneity plays an important role for the detection of copy number variations, but is of minor importance for the detection of somatic variations.Conclusions: The application of high throughput sequencing technologies in cancer genomics opens up a new dimension for the identification of disease mechanisms. In particular the ability to use small amounts of FFPE samples available from surgical tumor resections and histopathological examinations facilitates the collection of precious tissue materials. However, care needs to be taken in regard to the locations of the biopsies taken, which can have an influence on the prediction of copy number variations. Bearing these technological challenges in mind will significantly improve many large-scale sequencing studies and will - on a long-range - result in a more reliable prediction of individual cancer therapies."

  Study EGAS00001000136

• Tracing the origin of disseminated tumor cells in breast cancer using single-cell sequencing

  Background Single-cell micro-metastases of solid tumors often occur in the bone marrow. These disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) may resist therapy and lay dormant or progress to cause overt bone and visceral metastases. The molecular nature of DTCs remains elusive, as well as when and from where in the tumor they originate. Here, we apply single-cell sequencing to identify and trace the origin of DTCs in breast cancer. Results We sequence the genomes of 63 single cells isolated from six non-metastatic breast cancer patients. By comparing the cells DNA copy number aberration (CNA) landscapes with those of the primary tumors and lymph node metastasis, we establish that 53% of the single cells morphologically classified as tumor cells are DTCs disseminating from the observed tumor. The remaining cells represent either non-aberrant ‘normal’ cells or aberrant cells of unknown origin that have CNA landscapes discordant from the tumor. Further analyses suggest that the prevalence of aberrant cells of unknown origin is age-dependent, and that at least a subset is hematopoietic in origin. Evolutionary reconstruction analysis of bulk tumor and DTC genomes enables ordering of CNA events in molecular pseudo-time and traced the origin of the DTCs to either the main tumor clone, primary tumor subclones, or subclones in an axillary lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Single-cell sequencing of bone marrow epithelial-like cells, in parallel with intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity profiling from bulk DNA, is a powerful approach to identify and study DTCs, yielding insight into metastatic processes. A heterogeneous population of CNA-positive cells is present in the bone marrow of non-metastatic breast cancer patients, only part of which are derived from the observed tumor lineages.

  Study EGAS00001002102

• The Genomic Landscape of Response to EGFR Blockade in Colorectal Cancer

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer world-wide with 1.2 million patients diagnosed yearly. In late stage CRC, the most commonly used targeted therapies are monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab, which inactivate EGFR. Recent studies have identified alterations in KRAS and other genes as likely mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapy. Despite these efforts, additional mechanisms of resistance to EGFR blockade are thought to be present in CRC and little is known about determinants of sensitivity to this therapy. To examine the effect of somatic genetic changes in CRC on response to anti-EGFR antibody therapy, we performed complete exome sequence and copy number analyses of 129 patient-derived tumorgrafts and targeted genomic analyses of 55 patient tumors, all of which were KRAS wild-type. We analyzed the response of tumors to anti-EGFR antibody blockade in tumorgraft models or in clinical settings. In addition to previously identified genes, we detected mutations in ERBB2, EGFR, FGFR1, PDGFRA, and MAP2K1 as potential mechanisms of primary resistance to this therapy. Novel alterations in the ectodomain of EGFR were identified in patients with acquired resistance to EGFR blockade. Amplifications and sequence changes in the tyrosine kinase receptor adaptor gene IRS2 were identified in tumors with increased sensitivity to anti-EGFR therapy. Therapeutic resistance to EGFR blockade could be overcome in tumorgraft models through combinatorial therapies targeting actionable genes. These analyses provide a systematic approach to evaluate response to targeted therapies in human cancer, highlight new mechanisms of responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapies, and provide new avenues for intervention in the management of CRC.

  Study EGAS00001001305

• Luminal breast epithelial cells from wildtype and BRCA mutation carriers harbor copy number alterations commonly associated with breast cancer

  Cancer-associated mutations have been documented in normal tissues, but the prevalence and nature of somatic copy number alterations and their role in tumor initiation and evolution is not well understood. Here, using single cell DNA sequencing, we describe the landscape of CNA variants in >48,000 breast epithelial cells from women with normal or high risk of developing breast cancer. Individual cells with one or two of a specific subset of CNAs (e.g. 1q gain and 16q, 22q, 7q, and 10q loss) are detectable in almost all breast tissues and, in those from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations carriers, occurs prior to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wildtype alleles. These CNAs, which are among the most common associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and malignant breast tumors, are enriched almost exclusively in luminal cells and are generally absent from basal myoepithelial cells. Allele-specific analysis of the enriched CNAs reveals that each allele was independently altered, demonstrating convergent evolution of these CNAs in an individual breast. Tissues from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers contained a small percentage of cells with extreme aneuploidy, featuring loss of TP53, LOH of BRCA1 or BRCA2, and multiple breast cancer-associated CNAs in addition to one or more of the common CNAs in 1q, 10q or 16q. Notably, cells with intermediate levels of CNAs were not detected, arguing against a stepwise gradual accumulation of CNAs. Overall, our findings demonstrate that chromosomal alterations in normal breast epithelium including from high risk women, link early stage CNAs to clonally expanded tumor genomes .

  Study EGAS00001007716

• Combining a Universal Telomerase Based Cancer Vaccine with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma - Five-year Follow up of a Phase I/IIa Trial

  Background Ipilimumab improves survival for patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Combining a therapeutic cancer vaccine with ipilimumab may increase efficacy by providing enhanced anti-tumor immune responses. UV1 consists of three synthetic long peptides from human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). These peptides comprise epitopes recognized by T cells from cancer patients experiencing long-term survival following treatment with a first-generation hTERT vaccine, and generate long-lasting immune responses in cancer patients when used as monotherapy. The objective of this trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of combining UV1 with ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma. Patients and methods In this phase I/IIa, single center trial [NCT02275416], patients with metastatic melanoma received repeated UV1 vaccinations, with GM-CSF as an adjuvant, in combination with ipilimumab. Patients were evaluated for safety, efficacy and immune response. Immune responses against vaccine peptides were monitored in peripheral blood by measuring antigen-specific proliferation and IFN-γ production. Results Twelve patients were recruited. Adverse events were mainly diarrhea, injection site reaction, pruritus, rash, nausea and fatigue. Ten patients showed a Th1 immune response to UV1 peptides, occurring early and after few vaccinations. Three patients obtained a partial response and one patient a complete response. Overall survival was 50% at 5 years. Conclusion Treatment was well tolerated. The rapid expansion of UV1-specific Th1 cells in the majority of patients indicates synergy between UV1 vaccine and CTLA-4 blockade. This may have translated into clinical benefit, encouraging the combination of UV1 vaccination with standard of care treatment regimes containing ipilimumab/CTLA-4 blocking antibodies.

  Study EGAS00001005253

• Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in a Pediatric Insulin Titration Trial

  Summary of the Design and Aims: The Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in a Pediatric Insulin Titration Trial (CAF-PINT) is an ancillary study to the HALF PINT (NCT01565941) randomized, controlled trial that was originally designed to study changes in inflammatory and thrombosis pathways in the setting of an interventional trial. The parent HALF PINT study was designed to study the impact of tight glycemic control (TGC) using an explicit insulin titration algorithm to safely achieve a normal glucose in target range of 80-110 mg/dL versus 150-180mg/dL on clinical outcomes among critically ill hyperglycemic children with Heart and Lung Failure. The CAF PINT study collected blood samples pre randomization and at 2 and 4 days after randomization. Blood samples collected in EDTA tubes were centrifuged at local sites to separate the plasma from cell pellets and frozen prior to shipment. In addition, 0.5 mL of whole blood collected in PAXgene tubes modified for use in pediatrics frozen 24 hours after collection prior to shipment.Population Information: Setting: Twenty-one academic children's hospitals (HALF-PINT) and 1 academic children's hospital (IIT-SBPP). Participants: Critically ill hyperglycemic children requiring mechanical ventilation/vasoactive support (n=293).Interventions and Exposures: Patients in HALF PINT were randomized to achieve a low target glucose (80-110 mg/dL) vs. a higher target (150-180 mg/dL). The primary trial was stopped early due to low likelihood of achieving a statistically significant difference in the primary outcomes. Molecular Technologies Employed: Plasma biomarkers were assayed on thawed plasma using a Luminex panel. RNA was extracted from PAXgene Blood RNA Kits modified for pediatric use. Extracted RNA was sequenced with the Novaseq S4 system (Illumina) to generate 2 x 150 base paired end reads to a target depth of 50 million read-pairs per sample.Principal Findings of the Study: We tested for heterogeneity of treatment effects according to baseline blood inflammatory proteins using logistic regression with individual biomarkers as interaction terms and Cox regression analysis using biomarker-derived latent classes. Children with higher inflammatory proteins including TNFR-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 had lower mortality when treated with insulin to a target glucose of 80-110 mg/dL as compared to 150-180 mg/dL (interaction p<0.05). Causal forest estimates ranged from a 40% mortality reduction to a 15% mortality increase with TGC, depending on each patient’s individual biomarker profile. Latent class categorization strongly interacted with TGC with respect to mortality (Cox regression interaction p=0.005). Specifically, patients with higher inflammation benefited from TGC (6% mortality with TGC vs. 48% mortality, p=0.004) whereas hypoinflamed patients showed a trend towards harm (14% mortality with TGC vs. 7% mortality, p=0.055).Data available through dbGaP: Transcriptomic (Gene Counts) and phenotype data

  Study phs003016

• ATAC-seq of uncultured CD112high and CD112low long-term(LT) human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from umbilical cord blood

  ATAC-sequencing was performed to establish chromatin accessibility signatures that underlie the differential in vitro priming and regeneration phenotypes of CD112high and CD112low LT-HSC. CD112high and CD112low LT-HSC from 2-3 independent human umbilical cord blood pools were prospectively isolated for DNA extraction, library preparation and sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001005121

• scRNA-seq to study interactions between HSPCs, BMSCs and immune microenvironment

  Mechanisms of clonal evolution in myeloid neoplasms remain incompletely understood. Darwinian theory predicts that the (micro)environment of clone-propagating stem cells may contribute to clonal selection. Here, we provide data fitting this model, establishing a relationship between stromal niche inflammation, inflammatory stress in HSPCs, clonal resistance and leukemic evolution in human MDS.

  Study EGAS00001008181

• Single Cell RNASeq for ARMS tumors

  6 samples from 3 mice related to Alveolar Rhabdomysarcoma. In this study, we employ scRNA-seq to analyze ARMS tumors from a conditional mouse model of ARMS. The conditional knock-in mouse model of ARMS, in which the Pax3-Foxo1 allele is activated in the skeletal muscle cell lineage via Myf6Cre (Myf6CrePax3P3Fm/P3FmTrp53F2-10/F2-10; referred to hereafter as GEMM-ARMS) has been described previously23,24. These mice also carry Cre-activated reporters, eYFP to label Pax3::Foxo1-expressing cells and dsRED2 to labels Myh2-expressing cells. Some tumors are derived from GEMM-ARMS mice, and some are allografts of GEMM-ARMS tumors into immunodeficient mice

  Dataset EGAD50000002241

• scRNAseq: Human liver cholangiocyte organoids capture the heterogeneity of in vivo human liver ductal epithelium

  Liver ductal organoids expanded in either conventional (Huch et al., 2015) or refined medium were split and seeded either in the same medium or in DM+. They were sequenced on day 10 after splitting. Droplet-based scRNA-seq was performed using the 10x Genomics Chromium Single Cell Kit v3, and libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 S4. Raw sequencing data were processed using Cell Ranger software (v6.0.1) with the human genome reference (hg38) and gene annotation (Ensembl 98). Dataset integration and downstream analysis were mainly performed using Seurat (v4.3.0.1) with R v4.1.3 “One Push-up”.

  Dataset EGAD50000001464

• Samples obtained within X-pand project

  This dataset contains five bone marrow samples and three mobilised peripheral blood ones from different healthy individuals. The three bone marrow samples have been sequence with the 10x multiome kit using Illumina sequencers. The three mobilised peripheral blood ones have been split in two aliquots, one for 10x multiome and the other for 10x CITE-seq. Both libraries types have been sequenced with an Illumina sequencer. Raw data has been processed with cell-ranger and map to the human genome (GRCh38) to obtain the bam files.

  Dataset EGAD50000001108

• LLDeep DAG2+ scRNA-seq in PBMCs

  Single cell transcriptomics of PBMCs of 47 donors from the Lifelines Deep cohort (general population, Northern part of the Netherlands). Cells of five or six different donors were pooled together in one sample pool, resulting in eight different sample pools. In total, 28.855 cells were captured and their transcriptomes were sequenced to an average depth of 74k. Genotype data was available for each donor, which allowed us to use the Demuxlet method that uses variable SNPs between the pooled individuals to determine which cell belongs to which individual. Since genotype information is lacking of 2 individuals, the transcriptome of only 45 individuals could be retrieved.

  Dataset EGAD00010001315

• Whole-exome sequencing of 20 samples of actinic keratosis (10s) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (10s)

  Whole-exome sequencing of 20 samples of actinic keratosis (10) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (10) was performed to investigate a potential relationship between DNA methylation-based subtypes and genetic mutation patterns. 7 samples were shown to belong to the stem cell-like subclass (4 AK and 2 SCC), 12 - to the keratinocyte-like subtype (6 AK and 6 SCC) and one SCC sample is unclassified (was not included in the methylation analysis). Exome regions were captured using Agilent Low Input Exome-Seq Human v5 kit and sequenced on Illumina Hiseq4000 with paired-end 100-nucleotide reads.

  Dataset EGAD00001003765

• Whole-genome plasma DNA sequencing in CRC patients under anti-EGFR therapy

  In this study we performed whole genome sequencing of plasma DNA (plasma-Seq) of 19 plasma-DNA samples from a total of 10 patients treated with anti-EGFR therapy. We demonstrated that development of resistance to anti-EGFR therapies is frequently associated with focal amplifications of KRAS, MET, and ERBB2. We also showed that focal KRAS amplifications can be acquired in tumor genomes of patients under cytotoxic chemotherapy. Furthermore, we provide evidence that specific chromosomal polysomies, such as overrepresentations of 12p and 7p, harboring KRAS and EGFR, respectively, determine responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001000748

• 112 "KOREAN" never-smoker female adenocarcinoma exome-seq

  All sequencing was performed within the DNAlink (Korea) by using the Solexa sequencing technology (Illumina, San Diego, CA). 1 ug of genomic DNA was sheared to an average size of 150 bp by using the Covaris System. The libraries were prepared by using TruSeq DNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina). The purified DNA library was hybridized with the SureSelect Human All Exon V3 probe set (Agilent Technologies) to capture 50 Mb of targeted exons following the manufacturer’s instructions. Exome capture was carried out using the Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon 50Mb Kit. The captured exome libraries were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq2000 using the manufacturer’s recommended protocols.

  Dataset EGAD00001005126

• Single-cell multi-omics analysis of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases

  Single-cell analysis of the transcriptome, T cell immune receptors, and surface proteome (CITE-seq) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis n = 5, psoriasis n = 4, or multiple sclerosis n = 3), as well as COVID-19 patients without pre-existing autoimmunity as controls (n = 10) to investigate altered immune responses.

  Dataset EGAD00001007982

• mRNA and T cell receptor sequencing of patients with Pandemrix-associated narcolepsy type 1

  PBMCs isolated from 27 individuals (11 narcolepsy type 1 patients, 16 healthy controls) were stimulated with the peptide Neuroaminidase 175-189 or Protein-O-mannosyl transferase 1 (POMT1) 675-689 or media as control. FACS sorted CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from one patient were subjected to the same stimulation. Transcriptome profiling was done with a 3' tagging protocol. T cell receptor repertoires were profiled with amplicon sequencing (Rep-seq). The dataset contains FASTQ files with sequencing reads, transcript count matrices and TCR clonotypes.

  Dataset EGAD00001006797

• mRNA and T cell receptor sequencing of patients with Pandemrix-associated narcolepsy type 1

  PBMCs isolated from 27 individuals (11 narcolepsy type 1 patients, 16 healthy controls) were stimulated with the peptide Neuroaminidase 175-189 or Protein-O-mannosyl transferase 1 (POMT1) 675-689 or media as control. FACS sorted CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from one patient were subjected to the same stimulation. Transcriptome profiling was done with a 3' tagging protocol. T cell receptor repertoires were profiled with amplicon sequencing (Rep-seq). The dataset contains FASTQ files with sequencing reads, transcript count matrices and TCR clonotypes.

  Dataset EGAD00001006796

• Paired-end Whole Exome-seq analysis of the 3D evolution of glioma cell populations. Part 2.

  Dataset contains paired-end Whole Exome sequencing data from 257 glioma samples from 28 patients. 26 normal blood samples are also included.

  Dataset EGAD00001009496

• Targeted NGS panel

  The mutational status of 121 genes recurrently altered in B-cell lymphoma was examined in 55 of 56 diagnostic and 10 of 12 relapse samples using a custom targeted NGS panel. Libraries were generated from 150 ng of DNA using molecular-barcoded library adapters (ThruPLEX Tag- seq kit; Takara) coupled with a custom hybridization capture-based method (SureSelectXT Target Enrichment System Capture strategy, Agilent Technologies). The quality of the libraries was determined using the Bioanalyzer high sensitivity DNA kit (Agilent) and quantified by PCR using the KAPA library quantification kit (KAPA Biosystems). Finally, the libraries were pooled and sequenced in the MiSeq instrument (Illumina).

  Dataset EGAD00001010842

• MAF dataset of Colorectal Cancer Synthetic genomes

  This dataset contains genomic variants data in MAF format from four patients synthetically generated

  Dataset EGAD50000000315

• cfDNA whole-genome TAPS data for cancer detection DAC

  80x whole-genome sequencing data from circulating tumour DNA pre-treated with TAPS from 91 patients

  Dac EGAC50000000440

• CEHM

  Study of the genetic and epigenetic clonal evolution of blood cancers.

  Study EGAS00001002366

• Metabolic requirements of the metastasis-initiating tumour cell population using oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a model system

  Study EGAS00001004765

• Integrated Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Unique Characteristics of Hepatic Metastases and Pro-metastatic Role of Complement C1q in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

  Study EGAS00001004821

• methylation_tnbc

  Raw methylation data from triple negative breast cancer.

  Dataset EGAD00010002077

• Colorectal cancer cells possess an equipotent capacity to enter a developmental pausing-like state to survive chemotherapy

  Dataset EGAD00001006847

• Pancreatic Cancer OICR

  ICGC DCC Release 24, PACA-CA Whole Genome sequence merged alignments

  Dataset EGAD00001003270

• RBtargetedSeq

  Retinoblastoma is a rare childhood cancer of the retina. We studied retinoblastoma by Targeted Sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001008004

• Myocardial Infarction Genetics Exome Sequencing Consortium: Malmo Diet and Cancer Study

  The Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) is a community-based prospective epidemiologic cohort of 28,449 subjects who were recruited for baseline examination between 1991 and 1996. From this cohort, 6103 subjects were randomly selected to participate in a cardiovascular cohort (MDCSCC), which seeks to investigate risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study is a subset of those samples. All exome sequencing was performed at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; samples sequence capture was performed using Illumina's ICE Capture reagent and sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 or 2500.

  Study phs001101

• Genomic Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models to Improve Targeted Therapy for HER2+ Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Treatments

  We have developed orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models of HER2 positive breast cancer metastasized into the brain of patients to test novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we identified a novel combinatorial therapeutic strategy that has resulted in a durable remission and markedly increased overall survival in majority of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models tested. We performed whole exome sequencing analysis of these PDX tumors and their matched blood and patient samples to investigate drug sensitive and resistance mechanisms. Our sequencing data revealed an interesting association of genotyping and phenotyping with tumors responses to drug treatment.

  Study phs001063

• Multiregion Sequencing of Localized Prostate Cancer

  Ten patients with treatment-naïve, locally advanced or localized prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy. Pathological stage ranged from T2aN0 to T3bN1, and Gleason scores from 3+4 to 4+5. Tumor foci were mapped, and DNA was extracted from multiple (5-9) regions from a single, contiguous index focus. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify single nucleotide variants and indels, and low coverage whole genome sequencing was performed to estimate copy number variation. Phylogenetic relationships between foci was determined, and alterations associated with advanced disease or response to targeted therapy were identified.

  Study phs001465

• Combined Targeting of CDK4/6 and HER2 Signaling in Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Brain Metastases

  Patients with metastatic HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer will frequently develop brain metastases (BCBMs). Here, we report that p16INK4A, a tumor suppressor, is deficient in the majority of HER2+ BCBMs. Furthermore, p16INK4A deficiency, as measured by protein immunohistochemistry, can be a predictive marker associated with response to combined treatment with tucatinib and abemaciclib in our orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) models of HER2+ BCBMs. Our findings provide the rationale for a biomarker-driven clinical trial of combined treatment with CDK4/6- and HER2-targeted agents for patients with HER2+ BCBM.  

  Study phs002482

• Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) Recognize Unique Somatic Mutations and Mediate Objective Clinical Responses in Metastatic Breast Cancer

  The purpose of this study is to investigate the immunogenicity of tumor mutations in patients with metastatic cancer. Harvest and analysis of progressing metastatic lesions are used for generation of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cultures and the detections of somatic mutations. In vitro T cell activation assays are used to examine the immune recognition of tumor mutations by autologous TIL. Once a candidate is determined to have a cell product that meets the requirements of one of the Surgery Branch clinical trials, the candidate is evaluated for enrollment in a prospective adoptive cell therapy trial.

  Study phs002735

• WES analysis of paired tumor and non-tumoral DNA of 4 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

  We performed WES of tumor DNA and non-tumoral DNA (extracted from PBMC) of 4 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, who after the tumor resection went on to receive BCG treatment as they had high-risk disease. In order to identify tumor-specific mutations that could give rise to patient-specific neo-epitopes, we performed paired WES of tumor and non-tumoral DNA for each patient. For patient UC2, 3 different tumors were resected at the same time and DNA from these 3 tumors were sent separately for WES.

  Study EGAS50000001382

• Pancreatic cancer organoids recapitulate disease and allow personalized drug screening

  We report derivation of 30 Patient-Derived Organoid lines (PDOs) from tumors arising in the pancreas and distal bile duct. PDOs recapitulate tumor histology and contain genetic alterations typical for pancreatic cancer. In vitro testing of a panel of 76 therapeutic agents revealed sensitivities currently not exploited in the clinic. The PRMT5 inhibitor EZP015556, shown to target MTAP negative tumors, was validated as such, but also appeared to constitute an effective therapy for a subset of MTAP+ tumors. Taken together, the work presented here provides a platform to identify novel therapeutics to target pancreatic tumor cells using PDOs.

  Study EGAS00001003369

• Whole transcriptome sequencing of chemotherapy-resistant muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer

  All mRNA sequencing data were acquired from single patients (BC159T) at a different time (BC159-T#1, BC159-T#2, and BC159-T#3). The first transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) (BC159-T#1) was diagnosed with non-MIUBC (muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer). Despite of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the patient progressed into MIUBC at the second TUR-BT (BC159-T#2). After undergoing multiple neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens (gemcitabine/paclitaxel and sequential paclitaxel), the patient developed local recurrence and multiple lung metastases and removed following palliative partial cystectomy (BC159-T#3).

  Study EGAS00001004232

• TMD_AMKL_targeted_follow_up

  Genomic libraries will be generated from total genomic DNA derived from 200+ patients with childhood Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD) and or Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL) as well some matched constitutional samples (n < 50). Libraries will be enriched for a selected panel of genes using a bespoke pulldown protocol. 96 Samples will be individually barcoded and subjected to up to two lanes of Illumina HiSeq. Paired reads will be mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the characterisation of known gene mutations in cancer as well as the validation of potentially novel variants identified by prior exome sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001000569

• TMD_AMKL_targeted_follow_up_part_2

  Genomic libraries will be generated from total genomic DNA derived from 200+ patients with childhood Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD) and or Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL) as well some matched constitutional samples (n < 50). Libraries will be enriched for a selected panel of genes using a bespoke pulldown protocol. 96 Samples will be individually barcoded and subjected to up to two lanes of Illumina HiSeq. Paired reads will be mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the characterisation of known gene mutations in cancer as well as the validation of potentially novel variants identified by prior exome sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001000732

• ERBB2/HER2 alterations in ctDNA and metachronous tissues of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer - WGS

  Whole genome sequencing data related to the publication "ERBB2/HER2 alterations in ctDNA and metachronous tissues of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer." ERBB2 alterations, usually amplifications or activating mutations, are seen in up to 20% of urothelial carcinoma and can be targeted by monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and most recently, antibody-drug conjugates. Here, we perform targeted and whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA and archival FFPE of mUC with and without ERBB2 alterations to identify unique genomic and clinical features of ERBB2-altered cancers, accompanied by IHC, FISH, and detailed clinical outcomes.

  Study EGAS50000001082

• DNA from colon cancer samples and matched normal samples was hybridized on Human 660W-Quad SNP arrays and sequenced in Illumina HiScanSQ.

  DNA from colon cancer samples and matched normal samples was hybridized on Human 660W-Quad SNP arrays and sequenced in Illumina HiScanSQ. The objective of the study was to introduce methodology for the detection of genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) using high-throughput sequencing data. The samples in this study allow the comparison of the results from the seqCNA R package with those from other methods that detect copy number alterations (CNAs) in tumoural samples, either using SNP-array data or high-throughput sequencing data.

  Study EGAS00001000558

• MutWP5__CRUK_Mutographs_of_Cancer__Lung__PD37920__Targeted_

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Targeted sequencing will be conducted on samples to identify drivers of interest and clonality of the samples, well-performing samples will be sent for subsequent whole-genome sequencing. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs.

  Study EGAS00001003321

• Breast Cancer - Subtype defined by an amplification of the HER2 gene

  Clinically positive HER2 (cHER2+) breast cancers (BC) are defined by the amplification and overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2/ERBB2) gene on chromosome region 17q12 and represent 15% of all BCs. Although anti-HER2 targeted therapies have improved BC’s natural history, the magnitude of their benefit varies widely between patients and deciphering the genomic heterogeneity of cHER2+ BC may provide a basis to better understand patients’ outcome. As part of the ICGC Breast Cancer Working Group effort, we combined whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic analyses of 64 cHER2+ primary invasive carcinomas.

  Study EGAS00001001431

• Spatial and temporal intra-tumoural heterogeneity in advanced High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: implications for surgical and clinical outcomes

  Limited evidence exists on the extent and impact of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) on tumour evolution and patients surgical and clinical outcome. We investigated this through systematic mapping of multi-site tumours at initial presentation and matched relapse from 49 chemo-naïve HGSOC patients with high tumour load, operated upfront. Our data provides a unique insight into the tumour evolution and metastatic pathways of HGSOC across time and space, how this complexity relates to surgical and clinical outcome and its consequences on clinical decision-making.

  Study EGAS00001007164

• Subclonal diversification of primary breast cancer

  Cancers are ecosystems of genetically related clones, competing across space and time for limited resources. To understand the clonal structure of primary breast cancer, we applied genome and targeted sequencing to 295 samples from 49 patients’ tumors. The extent of subclonal diversification varied considerably among patients and encompassed many spatial patterns, including local growth, intraductal dissemination and clonal intermixture. Landmarks of disease progression, such as acquiring invasive or metastatic potential, arose within detectable subclones of antecedent lesions, suggesting that subclonal mutations could be relevant if actionable. No defined temporal order of mutation was evident, with the commonest genes, including PIK3CA, TP53, BRCA2, PTEN and MYC, mutated early in some, late in others, often exhibiting parallel evolution across subclones. Signatures of homologous recombination deficiency correlated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, the interplay of mutation, growth and competition drives clonal structures of breast cancer that are complex, variable across patients and clinically relevant.

  Dataset EGAD00001000898

• The evolving mutational landscape of normal human esophagus

  The extent to which cells in normal tissues accumulate mutations during life is poorly understood. Some mutant cells expand into clones that can be detected by genome sequencing. We mapped mutant clones in normal esophageal epithelium from nine donors aged 20-75. Somatic mutations accumulate with age and are mainly caused by intrinsic mutational processes. We found strong Darwinian selection of clones carrying mutations in 14 cancer genes, with tens to hundreds of such clones per square centimeter. By middle age, clones with cancer-associated mutations cover most of the epithelium, with NOTCH1 and TP53 mutations affecting 40% and 10% of all cells, respectively. Remarkably, the prevalence of NOTCH1 mutations in normal esophagus is several times higher than in esophageal cancers. The esophagus emerges as an evolving patchwork of mutant clones that colonize the majority of the epithelium, with implications for our understanding of cancer and ageing.

  Dataset EGAD00001004158

• The evolving mutational landscape of normal human esophagus

  The extent to which cells in normal tissues accumulate mutations during life is poorly understood. Some mutant cells expand into clones that can be detected by genome sequencing. We mapped mutant clones in normal esophageal epithelium from nine donors aged 20-75. Somatic mutations accumulate with age and are mainly caused by intrinsic mutational processes. We found strong Darwinian selection of clones carrying mutations in 14 cancer genes, with tens to hundreds of such clones per square centimeter. By middle age, clones with cancer-associated mutations cover most of the epithelium, with NOTCH1 and TP53 mutations affecting 40% and 10% of all cells, respectively. Remarkably, the prevalence of NOTCH1 mutations in normal esophagus is several times higher than in esophageal cancers. The esophagus emerges as an evolving patchwork of mutant clones that colonize the majority of the epithelium, with implications for our understanding of cancer and ageing.

  Dataset EGAD00001004159

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004707

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004704

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004703

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a high grade serous ovarian cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a high grade serous ovarian cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004702

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004701

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004698

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a low-grade serous ovarian cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a low-grade serous ovarian cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004697

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic colorectal cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic colorectal cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004694

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic transverse colon cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic transverse colon cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004691

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004689

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004687

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004686

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004711

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004710

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004713

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic pancreatic cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic pancreatic cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004715

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic pancreatic cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic pancreatic cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004717

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic pancreatic cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic pancreatic cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004718

• Whole-genome sequencing in 14 cases and whole-exome sequencing in 90 cases of Chinese ESCC

  Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide1. Approximately 70% of the global esophageal cancers occur in China and over 90% histopathological forms of this disease are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)2-3. Currently, there are limited clinical approaches for early diagnosis and treatment for ESCC, resulting in a 10% 5-year survival rate for the patients. Meanwhile, the full repertoire of genomic events leading to the pathogenesis of ESCC remains unclear. Here we show a comprehensive genomic analysis in 158 ESCC cases, as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Research Projects (http://icgc.org/icgc/cgp/72/371/1001734). We conducted whole-genome sequencing in 14 ESCC cases and whole-exome sequencing in 90 cases.

  Dataset EGAD00001001691

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from an anal rectal cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from an anal rectal cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001002024

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005830

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005832

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic rectal cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic rectal cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005833

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005834

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic unknown primary cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic unknown primary cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005845

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005847

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a pancreatic cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a pancreatic cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001010945

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a cervical cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a cervical cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001010947