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• Comparison of single/pooled CTCs and bulk exome sequencing

  Single cell technologies allow the interrogation of tumor heterogeneity, providing insights into tumor evolution and treatment resistance. To better understand whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could complement metastatic biopsies for tumor genomic profiling, we characterized 11 single CTCs and 10 pooled CTC samples at the mutational and copy number aberration (CNA) levels, and compared these results with matched synchronous tumor biopsies from 3 metastatic breast cancer patients with triple-negative (TNBC), HER2-positive and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. Similar CNA profiles and the same patient-specific driver mutations were found in bulk tissue and CTCs for the HER2-positive and TNBC tumors, whereas different CNA profiles and driver mutations were identified for the ER+ tumor, which presented two distinct clones in CTCs defined by mutations in ESR1 Y537N and TP53, respectively. Furthermore, de novo mutational signatures derived from CTCs described patient-specific biological processes. These data suggest that tumor tissue and CTCs provide complementary clinically relevant information to map tumor heterogeneity and tumor evolution.

  Dataset EGAD00001009052

• MGMT genomic rearrangements contribute to chemotherapy resistance in gliomas

  Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent used for the treatment of glioblastoma and is now becoming a chemotherapeutic option in patients diagnosed with high-risk low-grade gliomas. The O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is responsible for the direct repair of the main TMZ-induced toxic DNA adduct, the O6-Methylguanine lesion. MGMT promoter hypermethylation is currently the only known biomarker for TMZ response in glioblastoma patients. Here we show that a subset of recurrent gliomas carry MGMT genomic rearrangements that lead to MGMT overexpression, independently from changes in its promoter methylation. By leveraging the CRISPR/Cas9 technology we generated some of these MGMT rearrangements in glioma cells and demonstrated that they lead to TMZ resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly we showed that such fusions can be detected in tumor-derived exosomes and could potentially represent an early detection marker of tumor recurrence in a subset of patients treated with TMZ.

  Dataset EGAD00001006281

• FASTQ files of the polyA+ (oligo-dT) RNA-Seq dataset from the POPS SGA (Small for Gestational Age) samples and their matched controls.

  FASTQ files of the polyA+ (oligo-dT) RNA-Seq dataset from the POPS SGA (Small for Gestational Age) samples and their matched controls. The POP study placental biopsies were collected within 30 minutes of birth and flash frozen in RNAlater (ThermoFisher). For each biopsy, total placental RNA was extracted from approximately 5 mg of tissue using the “mirVana miRNA Isolation Kit” (Ambion) followed by DNase treatment (“DNA-free DNA Removal Kit”, Ambion). RNA quality was assessed with the Agilent Bioanalyzer and all the samples with RIN values ≥ 7.0 were used in the downstream experiments. RNA-libraries were prepared from 1g of total placental RNA with the TruSeq Stranded mRNA Library Prep Kit (Illumina) which captures polyA-tailed transcripts by oligo-dT beads, then pooled and sequenced (single-end, 50bp) using a Single End V4 cluster kit and Illumina HiSeq2500

  Dataset EGAD00001006304

• Targeted Myeloid DNA-Panelsequencing, DKFZ

  Targeted myeloid DNA-Panelsequencing from purified bone marrow blasts of 104 treatment naive AML patients from the discovery cohort. For more details, we refere to Jayavelu, Wolf, Buettner et al. Libraries were prepared from 40 ng DNA using the QIASeq Human Myeloid Neoplasms Panel (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Samples were tagged with the QIAseq 96-Unique Dual Index Set A for Illumina platforms (Qiagen) to yield unique combinations of i5 and i7 barcodes for each sample. Sample fragment size distribution and concentration was estimated using the Agilent High Sensitivity DNA kit on a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent). Samples were pooled in an equimolar fashion, denatured, and diluted to 1.5 pM according to Illumina’s recommendations. The diluted library was sequenced on a NextSeq 500 benchtop sequencer (Illumina) using NextSeq High Output cartridges. Demultiplexing was performed using the BaseSpace cloud platform (Illumina).

  Dataset EGAD00001008501

• Familial breast cancer targeted sequencing with ONT

  A large cohort of 600 cases with familial breast cancer as classified by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) Clinical Guidelines Update that were recruited during 6 years at Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer (Murcia, Spain) were retrospectively evaluated to select 16 cases with no positive finding in NGS analysis of 20 genes implicated in this disease. These 16 cases were selected for further investigation using nanopore sequencing. This method involved the use of adaptive sampling enrichment, targeting a panel of 18 human genome regions, which contained the 20 genes (PTEN, ATM, BRCA2, PALB2, CDH1, TP53, NF1, RAD51D, BRCA1, RAD51C ,BRIP1, STK11, CHEK2, EPCAM, MSH2, MSH6, BARD1, MLH1, PMS2, NBN). In 5 samples (P1, P2, P4, P15 and P16) no selection of long reads was performed. Additionally, in 3 samples (P7, P9 and P10), both procedures were performed in two independent runs, and for the second run of P7, the DNA was previously fragmented using g-TUBE Covaris® (ref 520079) according to the protocol for 6 kb fragments.

  Dataset EGAD00001011106

• Pediatric Patient-Derived-Xenograft development in MAPPYACTS – international pediatric cancer precision medicine trial in relapsed and refractory tumors

  Pediatric patients with recurrent and refractory cancers are in most need for new treatments. This study developed patient-derived-xenograft (PDX) models within the European MAPPYACTS cancer precision medicine trial (NCT02613962). To date, 131 PDX models were established following heterotopical and/or orthotopical implantation in immunocompromised mice: 76 sarcomas, 25 other solid tumors, 12 central nervous system tumors, 15 acute leukemias, and 3 lymphomas. PDX establishment rate was 43%. Histology, whole exome and RNA sequencing revealed a high concordance with the primary patient’s tumor profile, human leukocyte-antigen characteristics and specific metabolic pathway signatures. A detailed patient molecular characterization, including specific mutations prioritized in the clinical molecular tumor boards are provided. Ninety models were shared with the IMI2 ITCC Paediatric Preclinical Proof-of-concept Platform (IMI2 ITCC-P4) for further exploitation. This new PDX biobank of unique recurrent childhood cancers provides an essential support for basic and translational research and new treatments development in advanced pediatric malignancies.

  Dataset EGAD00001011048

• NEOPREDICT-Lung: longitudinal whole exome sequencing of non-small cell lung cancers under immunotherapy

  In 43 patients pretreatment tumor biopsies, resected tumors and normal tissue of sufficient quality and quantity were obtained to longitudinally explore the mutational profiles of a comprehensive set of cancer-related genes. For tumor samples, one to four FFPE sections (10 µm thickness, number depending on sample size) were lysed for genomic DNA isolation. Isolation was performed semi-automatically on the Maxwell purification system (Maxwell RSC DNA FFPE Kit, AS1450, Promega) as specified by the manufacturer. DNA was eluted in 50 µl RNase-free water and quantified fluorescently for library preparation using a Qubit 2.0 fluorometer (Life Technology) with its appertaining DNA broad-range assay. Corresponding normal DNA was isolated from blood or PBMCs using routinely available QIAGEN technology. DNA was stored at -20°C before use. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed using the Twist Human Core + RefSeq + Mitochondrial Panel (Twist Bioscience), and 2 x 100 bp fragment sizes were sequenced using a NovaSeq6000 (Illumina). Demultiplexing of sequenced reads was achieved using bcl2fastq (version 2.2).

  Dataset EGAD00001015362

• Targeted resequencing of Cardiomyopathies associated genes

  In this study, we present the results of a custom “pan-cardiomyopathy panel” in a molecular screening of 38 unrelated patients, 16 affected by DCM, 14 by HCM, and 8 by ARVC. The panel was designed using the Design Studio Tool (Illumina, San Diego, CA,USA). Coding regions and intron–exon boundaries of 115 genes, known to be associated with 7 DCM, HCM, and ARVC as well as channelopathies, were selected for targeted gene enrichment. For genes with multiple transcripts, all exons included in transcripts expressed in cardiac muscle were considered in the gene panel design. Total DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, quantified, and qualitatively checked using NanoDrop 2000c (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Custom targeted gene enrichment and DNA library preparation were performed using the Nextera Capture Custom Enrichment kit (Illumina) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Targeted regions were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform, generating approximately two millions of 150-bp paired-end reads for each sample (Q30 ≥90%).

  Dataset EGAD00001003359

• Autozygosity pilot - Born in Bradford (2017-05-11)

  The offspring of first cousin marriages have ~6% of their genome autozygous, i.e. homozygous identical by descent, or even more if there was further consanguinity in their ancestry. In the UK there are large populations with very high first cousin marriage rates of 20-50%. Sequencing the exomes of a sample of these individuals has the potential both to support genetic health programmes in these populations, and to provide genetic research information about rare loss of function mutations. This pilot study based on existing cohort samples from the Born In Bradford study will identify homozygous individuals for almost all variants down to an allele frequency around 1%, plus individuals carrying hundreds of new homozygous rare loss-of-function variants, and will support development of community relations and ethics for a wider study currently being designed. The data deposited in the EGA consist of low coverage whole exome sequencing on these samples. This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2017-05-11.

  Dataset EGAD00001003329

• RNA-seq of Toxoplasma gondii response in human macrophages

  Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a ubiquitous protozoan parasite called Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect all mammal and bird species throughout the world. seroprevalence varies widely between countries. Studies have estimated that between 7-34% of people in the UK have been infected with T. gondii. The vast majority of these people will not have noticed any symptoms, however about 10% of people develop a mild to moderate self limiting flu-like illness. Following the acute active stage of the infection the parasite persists in the body in the form of cysts, particularly in heart and skeletal muscle and nervous system tissues, for many years, and usually for life. In immunocompetent persons these cysts do not pose a health risk. We will use RNA-seq to quantify the transcriptional response of macrophages to T gondii infection. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001003241

• Validation of a Haloplex platform for targeted re-sequencing of the exons of 25 genes

  We recently used the Agilent SureSelect platform to re-sequence a set of genes known to be mutated in human AML. The results from 10 AML DNA samples were very satisfactory, but the effort required was significant. Thus, we decided to re-sequence the same genes using the Haloplax system for target enrichment in 48 AML samples. We planned to do this using MiSeq and have data from a pilot of 3 samples. The data is promising but coverage appears pathcy so far. However, in order to get a better understanding of the data we will need deeper sequencing. We will need two lanes of HiSeq to get the same degree coverage as Sureselect. his data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001000603

• Single cell transcriptional evolution of myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome – WGS

  Abstract: Children with Down syndrome have a 150-fold increased risk of developing myeloid leukaemia (ML-DS). Unusually for a childhood leukaemia, ML-DS arises from a preleukaemic state, termed transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), and via a conserved sequence of mutations. Here, we examined the relationship between the genetic and transcriptional evolution of ML-DS from a rich collection of primary patient samples through single cell mRNA sequencing, complemented by phylogenetic analyses in progressive disease. We distilled the transcriptional consequence of each genetic step in the evolution of ML-DS, showing that TAM-defining GATA1 mutations account for most of the ML-DS transcriptome, including those of progressive disease. This transcriptional backbone may thus represent a common vulnerability in ML-DS. We extracted the transcriptional difference between TAM and ML-DS which, unexpectedly, reflected features shared across childhood leukaemia. Our approach delineates the transcriptional evolution of ML-DS and provides an analytical blueprint for distilling consequences of mutations directly from patient samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001015453

• Genome-Wide Association Study of Breast Cancer in the African Diaspora - the ROOT study

  The paucity of data on the genetic epidemiology of breast cancer for racial/ethnic groups other than those of European ancestry hinders the development of innovative interventions to reduce health disparities. Women in the African Diaspora experience a disproportionate burden of pre-menopausal breast cancer in comparison to all other races for reasons that remain unknown and understudied. This higher proportion of early-onset breast cancer might suggest a stronger genetic component in these populations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed several genetic loci that confer risk of breast cancer. Because all GWAS started the discovery stage in women of European ancestry and replicated mainly in women of European ancestry, we propose a novel approach for a GWAS in indigenous African women to identify alleles associated with breast cancer risk which will then be replicated in other populations. This innovative design builds on our current understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity in breast cancer and the distribution of breast cancer molecular subtypes which differ between women of African ancestry and women of European ancestry. The major objective of the proposed studies is to get to the "root" causes of breast cancer by identifying breast cancer risk alleles in a pooled sample of women of African ancestry and to replicate our findings in other populations. To achieve this objective, we conducted a case control study of breast cancer in women of African ancestry, including Africans living in Nigeria, African Americans and African Barbadians. We will genotype ~3800 individuals using the Illumina HumanOmni2.5-Quad platform. We will conduct both standard and novel genetic analyses of the data to map genes associated with breast cancer susceptibility, verify genotyping and carry out fine-mapping studies in genes or regions showing association with breast cancer risk, and replicate in other African American and non-African American populations. By pooling unique resources from studies throughout the African Diaspora, this study has the potential to identify risk alleles in several genes that contribute to increased breast cancer risk and may have implications for early detection, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer in ALL women. This should ultimately lead to improved outcomes for those who suffer a disproportionate burden of early-onset breast cancer.

  Study phs000383

• Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD)

  The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease was initiated in 1977 to determine the natural history of sickle cell disease (SCD) from birth to death in order to identify those factors contributing to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Specific objectives included: 1) to study the effect of sickle cell disease on growth and development from birth through adolescence 2) to study the conditions or events that may be related to the onset of painful crises 3) to obtain data on the nature, duration, and outcome of major complications of SCD 4) determine the nature, prevalence, and age- related incidence of organ damage due to SCD, and 5) study the role of SCD and its interaction with selected health events.Phases 2 and 3 of the study involved followup of the infant cohort. A total of 709 infants (age less than 6 months) were enrolled during Phase 1 of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD), and Phases 2 and 3 of the CSSCD was designed to follow these children for an additional 10 years. The study objectives included: 1) define prospectively the natural history of sickle cell disease; 2) determine the relationships between cognitive and academic functioning and brain status as determined by MRI; 3) determine the cognitive or behavioral markers of silent infarct; 4) determine the relationship of family functioning on the Family Environment Scale (FES) to brain status, cognitive functioning, and social and demographic factors; 5) continue studies that will enhance the state of knowledge on the influence of sickle cell disease on the psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents. Phase 2A of the study sought to examine the progression of organ damage in the heart, lung, kidney, and liver in adult cohort patients (born before 1/1/56) enrolled in phase 1 of the study between 3/79 and 5/81. A total of 620 patients from 11 centers were eligible for phase 2A.Instructions for requesting individual-level data are available on BioData Catalyst at https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/data/. Apply for data access in dbGaP. Upon approval, users may begin accessing requested data in BioData Catalyst. For questions about availability, you may contact the BioData Catalyst team at https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/contact.

  Study phs002362

• Mayo-Perlegen LEAPS (Linked Efforts to Accelerate Parkinson's Solutions) Collaboration

  We performed a two-tiered, whole-genome association study of Parkinson disease (PD). For tier 1, we individually genotyped 198,345 uniformly spaced and informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 443 sibling pairs discordant for PD. For tier 2a, we individually genotyped 1,793 PD-associated SNPs (P<.01 in tier 1) and 300 genomic control SNPs in 332 matched case-unrelated control pairs. We identified 11 SNPs that were associated with PD (P<.01) in both tier 1 and tier 2 samples and had the same direction of effect. For these SNPs, we combined data from the case-unaffected sibling pair (tier 1) and case-unrelated control pair (tier 2) samples and employed a liberalization of the sibling transmission/disequilibrium test to calculate odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values. A SNP within the semaphorin 5A gene (SEMA5A) had the lowest combined P value (P=7.62E-6). The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in neurogenesis and in neuronal apoptosis, which is consistent with existing hypotheses regarding PD pathogenesis. A second SNP tagged the PARK11 late-onset PD susceptibility locus (P=1.70E-5). In tier 2b, we also selected for genotyping additional SNPs that were borderline significant (P<.05) in tier 1 but that tested a priori biological and genetic hypotheses regarding susceptibility to PD (n=941 SNPs). In analysis of the combined tier 1 and tier 2b data, the two SNPs with the lowest P values (P=9.07E-6; P=2.96E-5) tagged the PARK10 late-onset PD susceptibility locus. Independent replication across populations will clarify the role of the genomic loci tagged by these SNPs in conferring PD susceptibility. Note: The following instruments were used: 1)clinical assessments form and manual; 2) sibling screening form and manual; 3) unrelated control screening and manual; and 4) risk factors questionnaire and manual. All cases underwent #1, as did sibling controls screening positive (see below). Unrelated controls were not examined. All siblings underwent #2. All unrelated controls underwent #3. All subjects (cases, sibling controls, and unrelated controls) underwent #4. Any publications using the data are to cite the original American Journal of Human Genetics article (Maraganore et al., 2005). Investigators using the data collection instruments are to acknowledge Drs. Maraganore and Rocca, and cite grants ES-10751 and NS-33978.

  Study phs000048

• Effect of Crohn's Disease Risk Alleles on Enteric Microbiota

  This UH2/UH3 demonstration project entitled "Effects of Crohn's disease risk alleles on enteric microbiota" is focused on characterizing intestinal associated microbiota in patients with ileal Crohn's disease (ileal CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and control patients without inflammatory bowel diseases (non-IBD). We hypothesize that genetic factors that affect Paneth cell function, contribute to compositional changes in intestinal microbiota. These changes in microbiota may lead to reduction of protective commensal organisms and increased numbers of aggressive organisms that incite intestinal inflammation. This hypothesis is being tested by high throughput 16S rRNA sequence analysis of de-identified ileal and colonic tissues that have been archived at Washington University St. Louis, University of North Carolina, Mount Sinai Hospital and the Cleveland Clinic. Multivariate analysis of the metagenomic data will be conducted with genotyping metadata (highly reproducible CD risk alleles, including NOD2 and ATG16L1) and phenotyping metadata (e.g. age, gender, race, body mass index, medications and smoking.) Shotgun sequencing will be performed on selected fecal specimens linked to ileal tissues to identify additional, or auxiliary, or synergistic pathogenic factors or other functional changes in the microbiome. Because members of this research team have observed that a chronic viral infection is required for the Paneth cell defect in Atg16l1 hypomorphic mice, a major focus of these studies will be towards identifying potential viral triggers for the defective Paneth cell phenotype in individuals harboring the ATG16L1 risk allele. Novel genetic probes for protective and aggressive organisms will be developed by mining bacterial genome and shotgun sequencing data. Genomic sequences will be produced for candidate protective and aggressive strains (e.g. adherent-invasive strains of E. coli) isolated from human intestinal tissues where there is limited existing genome information. Quantitative qPCR assays using the novel as well as established genetic probes will be conducted to test the hypothesis that an imbalance between protective and aggressive organisms is associated with genetic factors that affect Paneth cell function. Our combined expertise in multiple disciplines across multiple institutions, our demonstrated ability to collect a large number of well-phenotyped samples with longitudinal clinical information that will be linked to host response and morphologic studies, and our consortium's capacity for high-throughput sequencing will be used to investigate how alterations in human microbiome relate to CD risk alleles and CD pathogenesis.

  Study phs000255

• Nicotine Addiction Genetics and Correlates

  Ascertainment: Families were ascertained through panels of adult Australian twins, and a sample of spouses of Australian twins. Families with at least one offspring who was identified as a current or former smoker in an earlier survey. Screening telephone interviews were conducted with index cases to provide confirmation of a history of heavy cigarette smoking, to obtain confirmation of a history of heavy cigarette smoking, and to obtain additional information on the history of cigarette use and the survival status of other family members, and their full siblings and parents. Index cases were the affected spouse of a twin, or the affected twin from pairs discordant for a history of heavy smoking, or a randomly chosen twin from pairs where both have a history of regular smoking (i.e., has smoked at least 100 cigarettes lifetime), and at least one live biological parent to identify sibships with at least one affected sib pair (ASP) concordant for heavy smoking, and at least one living parent. If permission was granted by the index case, eligible family members were contacted and invited to provide a blood sample and to complete a telephone diagnostic interview. In families with just one available biological parent, and additional unaffected sibling who had never smoked on a regular basis (i.e., has smoked fewer than 100 cigarette lifetime, but has experimented with cigarettes once or twice) was included (when available) to help compensate for the loss of information due to missing parental phenotypes. (Target N=400 Australian families with approximately 600 ASPs; and 600 TDT trios comprised of a nicotine dependent index case and both biological parents). Diagnostic Assessment: The telephone diagnostic interview assessed DSM-IV and modified DSM-IIIR diagnoses (i.e., without time clustering) for nicotine dependence, alcohol and other drug dependence and abuse, major depression, and childhood conduct disorder. Most diagnostic assessments were based on the SSAGA/SSAGA-II, developed for the multi-site gene-mapping alcoholism study (the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcohol. An exception was the tobacco section, which was developed directly from the CIDI and DIS (as the original SSAGA did not include a diagnostic section on nicotine dependence). In version 2 of this study, a text file containing 7704 SNPs with large allele frequency discrepancy as compared to 1000 Genomes is included. Users have the option to exlude these 7704 SNPs.

  Study phs001299

• Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and the only leading cause of death that is steadily increasing in frequency. This project will establish a racially diverse cohort that is sufficiently large and appropriately designed for genome-wide association analysis of COPD. A total of 10,000 subjects will be recruited, including control smokers, definite COPD cases (GOLD Stage 2 to 4), and subjects not included in either group (GOLD 1 or GOLD-Unclassified). This cohort will be used for cross-sectional analysis, although long-term longitudinal follow-up will be a future goal. The primary focus of the study will be genome-wide association analysis to identify the genetic risk factors that determine susceptibility for COPD and COPD-related phenotypes. Detailed phenotyping of both cases and controls, including chest CT scan assessment of emphysema and airway disease, will allow identification of genetic determinants for the heterogeneous components of the COPD syndrome. The hypotheses to be studied are: 1) Precise phenotypic characterization of COPD subjects using computed tomography, as well as clinical and physiological measures, will provide data that will enable the broad COPD syndrome to be decomposed into clinically significant subtypes. 2) Genome-wide association studies will identify genetic determinants for COPD susceptibility that will provide insight into clinically relevant COPD subtypes. 3) Distinct genetic determinants influence the development of emphysema and airway disease. The initial phase of genome-wide association analysis included 500 COPD cases and 500 control subjects (all non-Hispanic White) genotyped with the Illumina Omni-1 chip. The second phase genotyped the entire study cohort using the Illumina Omni-Express chip. Unique aspects of the study include: 1) Inclusion of large numbers of African American subjects (approximately 1/3 of the cohort); 2) Obtaining chest CT scans (including inspiratory and expiratory images); and 3) Inclusion of the full range of disease severity. The COPDGene_v6 Cohort is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-studies. To view genotypes, other molecular data, and derived variables collected in these sub-studies, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-studies" box located on the right hand side of this top-level study page phs000179 COPDGene_v6 Cohort. phs000296 ESP LungGO COPDGene phs000765 COPDGene_Geno

  Study phs000179

• Overcoming Clinical Resistance to EZH2 Inhibition Using Rational Epigenetic Combination Therapy

  Essential epigenetic dependencies have become evident in many cancers. Based on functional antagonism between BAF/SWI/SNF and PRC2 in SMARCB1-deficient sarcomas, we and colleagues recently completed the clinical trial of the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat, leading to its FDA approval. However, the principles of tumor response to epigenetic therapy in general and tazemetostat in particular remain unknown. Using functional genomics of patient tumors and diverse experimental models, we defined molecular mechanisms of tazemetostat resistance. We found distinct classes of acquired mutations that converge on the RB1/E2F axis, decoupling EZH2-dependent differentiation and cell cycle control. This allows tumor cells to escape tazemetostat-induced G1 arrest despite EZH2 inhibition and suggests a general mechanism for effective EZH2 therapy. Using RNA-sequencing of patient tumor specimens, we identified specific genes as markers of a deficient RB1/E2F axis, which we propose as prospective biomarkers for therapy stratification. This offers a paradigm for rational epigenetic combination therapy suitable for immediate translation to clinical trials.This study was performed on archived tumor tissue collected as part of the above clinical trial at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Patient tumors were classified into "Response" or "Progression" groups based on RECIST 1.1 criteria. "Response" included tumors exhibiting a complete response, partial response, or stable disease. All other tumors were classified under the "Progression" group. Archived frozen tumor samples were weighed and up to 20-30mg were homogenized in RLT buffer, followed by extraction using the AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN catalog 80204) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA was eluted in 13 μL nuclease-free water. After RiboGreen quantification and quality control by Agilent BioAnalyzer, 1 μg of total RNA with DV200 percentages varying from 78% to 100% underwent ribosomal depletion and library preparation using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA LT Kit (Illumina catalog RS-122-1202) according to instructions provided by the manufacturer with 8 cycles of PCR. Samples were barcoded and sequenced using NovaSeq 6000 in a PE150 mode, with the NovaSeq 6000 S4 Reagent Kit (Illumina). On average, 84 million paired reads were generated per sample and 70% of the data mapped to mRNA. For analysis, read adaptors were trimmed and quality filtered using 'trim_galore' and mapped to GRCh38/hg19 reference genome using STAR v2.7.9 with default parameters.

  Study phs003188

• Kids First: The Genomic Basis of Structural Birth Defects Associated with Chromosome 18 Copy Number Changes

  Chromosome abnormalities are a common cause of structural birth defects. Both childhood cancers and structural birth defects are critical and costly conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Elucidating the underlying genetic etiology of these diseases has the potential to profoundly improve preventative measures, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions.However, because these genomic copy number changes involve multiple genes and because most of these conditions are individually rare, defining the specific causative genes behind specific phenotypes has been a challenge. We met that challenge by spending the last 28 years enrolling and evaluating anyone with a chromosome 18 abnormality. The cohort now includes over 700 individuals with a wide variety of chromosome 18 copy number changes (CNV), as well as their parents. Because the vast majority of these participants have individually unique CNVs, we have been able to perform extensive genotype-phenotype correlations resulting in 58 publications. Of the 263 genes on chromosome 18, 28 are linked to specific hemizygous phenotypes. However, most have low penetrance. Genomic sequence data could identify variants in the extant allele that are hypermorphic and compensate for hemizygosity, or are hypomorphic and exacerbate hemizygosity. Additionally, there are phenotypes within this cohort that are rare, or an extreme version of one of the more common phenotypes. Genomic sequence data could help discover new biallelic conditions by revealing functional sequence variants of the extant allele. In both of these cases, there could also be variants in other genes on other chromosomes that may be associated with the phenotype that confer susceptibility or resilience. Inclusion of this unique cohort in the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program can advance the goals of the program in several ways. First, by adding known susceptibility loci to the existing Kids First cohorts for the structural birth defects that are also found in our cohort. Second, for those structural birth defects known to be polygenetic, this cohort has a single defined risk factor which can simplify the search for secondary factors. Third, these studies can also bring clarity to people with chromosome 18 conditions and help to make the genotype more accurately predict phenotype. This approach could be a model for understanding the many other rare chromosome abnormalities which collectively are a common cause of structural birth defects.

  Study phs002627

• Whole Blood Transcriptomics of Patients With Melioidosis

  Melioidosis is a neglected tropical infection caused by the Gram negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei that is associated with high mortality rates in southeast Asia. The goal of this study was to a) identify human blood leukocyte transcriptomic features and pathways specific to melioidosis (vs other etiologies of infection), b) identify transcriptomic features and pathways specific to fatal melioidosis, and c) identify transcriptomic predictors of death in patients with melioidosis. This study used clinical data and whole blood leukocyte samples from a subset of participants in the Ubon Sepsis Study, a prospective single-center cohort study conducted at Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand between 2013 and 2017. Participants in the Ubon Sepsis Study had suspected or documented infection with accompanying systemic manifestations of infection and were enrolled, with blood sampling, within 24 hours of admission to the study hospital. Enrolled patients were followed over time and vital status was determined at 28 days after enrollment. The subset of participants from the parent Ubon Sepsis Study cohort selected for this study was comprised of 164 patients with melioidosis (defined as having a culture of clinical sample positive for B. pseudomallei), 35 patients with Gram negative bacteremia due to either Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae, 16 patients with Gram positive bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus, and 19 patients who had negative blood cultures and no clinical sample culture-positive for B. pseudomallei. Fifty uninfected control patients with or without diabetes were recruited from the outpatient department and blood donation center at Udon Thani hospital, Udon Thani, Thailand from 2018 to 2019. Blood was collected at the time of enrollment in Tempus Blood RNA tubes. RNA was extracted using the Tempus Spin RNA Isolation kit. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed at the University of Washington Northwest Genomics Center. Analysis was performed using a variety of statistical methods. The main finding of the study was that the transcriptomes of melioidosis patients, compared to patients with other infections, were characterized by upregulation of interferon signaling. The transcriptomes of patients with fatal melioidosis were notable for upregulation of inflammatory and type 2 immune responses and downregulation of genes related to T-cell function. A five-gene (EPHB1, SYCP2L, MERTK, IL5RA, and SPOCK1) predictive signature for death in melioidosis was developed.

  Study phs003724

• Singapore Adult Metabolism Study - Phase 2 (SAMS2)

  Singapore Adult Metabolism Study - Phase 2 (SAMS2) was an interventional study where hundreds of donors aged 21-45 were recruited to participate in a 16-week weight loss program. Study individuals selected (see below for more detailed selection standards) were sedentary (exercise 1 or fewer times a week), obese or overweight with a body fat mass greater than 24% and a BMI between 23-35 kg/m2. For this study, we adjusted BMI definition for Asian population, based on the WHO Consultation 2002, and the BMI cut-off is 23 kg/m2 for overweight and 27.5 kg/m2 for obese. The weight loss program included a combination of dietary interventions, structured exercise sessions, and additional physical activity performed in participants' own time. Energy and protein requirements were calculated based on each participant's weight, height, and physical activity level, with the goal of achieving a 40% calorie deficit. Participants' calorie intake was tracked using food recalls and questionnaires. Additionally, subjects attended structured exercise sessions at least three times per week, supervised by a coach. Each session consisted of 90 minutes of aerobic and strength training exercises, designed to burn approximately 500 kcal per session. To monitor daily physical activity, participants wore pedometers throughout the study. In total, the exercise sessions (500 kcal per session) and daily physical activity (targeting an additional 500 kcal) were aimed at achieving a total caloric expenditure of 2000 kcal per week. We collected clinical data and skeletal muscle biopsies from 54 overweight/obese Asian individuals before and after a 16-week lifestyle intervention, which resulted in an average ~10% weight loss, accompanied by a ~30% increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Improvements were observed in 118 of 252 clinical traits and six blood lipids. Transcriptomic analysis of paired skeletal muscle biopsies identified 505 differentially expressed genes enriched in mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. Thousands of muscle-specific e/sQTLs were detected pre- and post- intervention, including hundreds of lifestyle-responsive e/sQTLs. Notably, approximately 4.2% of eQTLs and 7.3% of sQTLs showed Asian specificity. Joint analysis with GWAS identified 16 putative metabolic risk genes. Our study reveals gene-by-lifestyle interactions and how lifestyle modulates gene regulation in skeletal muscle.

  Study phs004078

• Exome Sequencing of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis

  Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a clinically severe, acute disease that only afflicts a fraction of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Although recent genomic studies of alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and steatosis have revealed that several genes of large effect are shared between these disorders, the genetic and environmental sources of variation that lead to AH, AC or alcohol fatty liver disease (AFLD) in some AUD patients remain largely unknown. In order to investigate the genetic determinants of AH, we sequenced a 58 Mb exome target to high genotype accuracy (0.996) and completeness (0.941) in 1,735 patients with AH (N=784) and heavy drinking controls without alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) (N=951), detecting 1,085,982 unique single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Analysis of common SNPs that comprised 17.5% of those SNVs, we observed exome-wide significant association of PNPLA3 (rs738409-G allele: odds ratio [OR]=1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-2.08, p =3.75e-9), as had previously been seen for AH in candidate gene contexts, and as previously observed for PNPLA3 to AC and nonalcohol steatohepatitis in GWAS. Other genes previously implicated in AC did not strongly contribute to AH, and the only prominently implicated (but not exome wide significant) gene overlapping with AUD was ADH1B, also a known liver disease gene. However, SNPs at ICOSLG (Chr 21) and TOX4/RAB2B (Chr 14), were also exome-wide significant and of large effect-size (ICOSLG rs13052840-C allele: OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.39-2.02, p = 4.59e-8; TOX4/RAB2B rs17516362-C allele: OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50-0.74, p=1.25e-7). ICOSLG encodes a co-stimulatory signal for T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion and induces B-cell proliferation and differentiation, and thus could be tied to the inflammatory component of AH. TOX4 was previously implicated in diabetes and immune system and its linked SNP is a cis eQTL for TOX4 and RAB2B. A polygenic signal was visible on the exome-wide quantile-quantile graph, where there was modest p value inflation (lambda = 1.040). Ranking p values of all 18,705 genes evaluated versus a list of 227 genes objectively precompiled for relationship to liver diseases (via GWAS), we observed a strong (pThe data generated here also represents a resource that can be used cumulatively or meta-analytically with future datasets.

  Study phs003659

• Clinical outcomes in ctDNA-positive urothelial carcinoma patients treated with adjuvant immunotherapy

  Minimally invasive approaches to detect residual disease after surgery are urgently needed to select patients at highest risk for metastatic relapse for additional therapies. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) holds promise as a biomarker for molecular residual disease (MRD) and relapse,1-3 but its clinical value has yet to be demonstrated in a randomised clinical trial. We evaluated outcomes in post-surgical ctDNA-positive (+) patients in a randomised phase III trial of adjuvant atezolizumab versus observation. IMvigor010 enrolled 809 patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma and did not meet its primary endpoint of disease-free survival (DFS) in the intent-to-treat population. Within the study, an exploratory planned analysis of prospectively collected plasma was performed, which tested the utility of ctDNA to identify patients who may benefit from adjuvant atezolizumab treatment. ctDNA was measured at the start of therapy (cycle 1 day 1; C1D1) and at week 6 (cycle 3 day 1; C3D1), and 581 patients were evaluable for ctDNA. The prevalence of ctDNA positivity at C1D1 was 37% (n=214), and ctDNA positivity identified patients with poor prognosis (observation arm DFS HR= 6.19 (4.29, 8.91), p<0.0001). Here we show that ctDNA(+) patients had improved DFS and overall survival (OS) with atezolizumab versus observation (DFS HR= 0.56 (0.41-0.77); p=0.0003 and OS HR= 0.58 (0.4-0.86); p=0.0063). No difference in DFS or OS between arms was noted for ctDNA-negative patients. The rate of ctDNA clearance was higher with atezolizumab (18%) versus observation (4%) (p=0.0041). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that tumours from ctDNA(+) patients had higher expression of cell cycle and keratin genes. Within the ctDNA(+) patient population in the atezolizumab arm, non-relapsing patients were further enriched in prominent immune response signatures including PD-L1, IFNG, CXCL9, and high tumour mutational burden, whereas relapse was associated with angiogenesis and fibroblast-transforming growth factor-beta signatures (F-TBRS). TCGA molecular subset analysis revealed increased efficacy of atezolizumab in patients with basal-squamous tumours, consistent with underlying tumour-immune contexture. Together these findings suggest that adjuvant atezolizumab may be associated with improved outcomes compared with observation in this high-risk ctDNA(+) population. These findings, if validated in other settings, would shift approaches to post-operative cancer care.

  Study EGAS00001004997

• UCSF Sebaceous Carcinoma DAC for review of sequence data release from manuscript in Nature Communications, based in the UCSF Departments of Dermatology and Pathology

  Dac EGAC00001000850

• DATA FILES FOR SJHYPO

  Hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia whole genome sequencing

  Dataset EGAD00001000260

• Sequencing data for ICGC Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma tissue samples - side_cases_barretts

  Dataset EGAD00001001379

• TwinsUK_EpiTwin_DNA_Methylome

  MeDIP-seq RPM chromsome BED files for Peripheral Blood from EPITWIN Project (Columns 4-4353 represent samples)

  Dataset EGAD00010000983

• BLEMD (arrays set)

  Circulating tumor cells for comprehensive and multiregional non-invasive genetic characterization of multiple myeloma (arrays set)

  Dataset EGAD00010001857

• dataset_raw_NativesAmericans_LDGH_august2020

  Genome-wide data for 98 Native American individuals from Andes and Amazon

  Dataset EGAD00010001958

• Dataset for study EGAS00001004946 (Endothelium-derived stromal cells contribute to bone marrow niche formation)

  Dataset EGAD00001006914

• BreastCancer_Miroarrays

  Genotyping array data for breast cancer and matched normal mammary gland samples

  Dataset EGAD00010002251

• LOPEZ_2019.vcf.gz

  Genotype data for new samples in Lopez et al 2021

  Dataset EGAD00010002100

• Inherited Corneal Dystrophies - Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (IoO, UCL)

  DAC created for access to data published by Dr. Alice E Davidson

  Dac EGAC50000000213

• ITER-FIISC Data Access Committee

  DAC for whole-genome variant calling data of individuals from the study of allergic diseases in the Canary Islands.

  Dac EGAC50000000180

• RNAseq for 190 AML patients

  This dataset contains 190 fastq files sequenced with Illumina HiSeq500.

  Dataset EGAD50000000490

• Mechanism of Decitabine response in MDS/AML patients

  Data access agreement for access to scRNASeq data of serial AML/MDS patients undergoing decitabine treatment.

  Dac EGAC50000000550

• Clonotype Analysis Data

  This dataset includes: amplicon sequencing data for a total of 3 BCP-ALL patients - fastq files

  Dataset EGAD50000001518

• Exome sequencing for identifying point mutations driving M haemophilum susceptibility

  To understand non tuberculous Mycobacterial susceptibility

  Study EGAS50000001076

• SiMSen‑Seq

  High resolution amplicon-bases sequencing o screen for PIK3CA hot spot mutations

  Dataset EGAD50000001668

• UROMOL 2020 - RNA-seq data for validation

  Total RNAseq data from 47 patients with NMIBC.

  Study EGAS00001005050

• RRBS melanoma biopsies

  RRBS data for melanoma biopsies at baseline and after treatment

  Dataset EGAD00001009060

• Reference epigenome OB56_N_PreA_WGBS data generated from KEP study

  A OB56_N_PreA_WGBS paired end data for Preadipocytes(fat)

  Dataset EGAD00001003479

• Microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers

  Mapped data for 10 Colon MSI cancer samples

  Dataset EGAD00001004500

• Multisample2 Amplicon

  Amplicon data of tumor samples generated for validation of WES findings and further sub clonal mapping

  Dataset EGAD00001004020

• Familial CEBPA-mutated AML whole exome sequencing dataset

  Whole exome sequencing data for AML and matched normal samples

  Dataset EGAD00001000996

• Seminoma exome sequencing

  Exome sequencing data for 8 pairs of seminomas and matched normal

  Dataset EGAD00001001002

• Global Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Initiative

  Raw whole genome sequence data(fastq) for the GATCI project

  Dataset EGAD00001003236

• Melanoma multi site metastases

  These are caveman, pindel, battenberg and brass calls for index patients' metastatic melanoma genomes within this study.

  Dataset EGAD00001005483

• KRAS Mutations in Multiple Myeloma

  Fastq files for 80 Multiple Myeloma Patients and 12 cell-lines

  Dataset EGAD00001005743

• IMpower133 subtype assignments

  This dataset contains subtype assignments for 271 tumor samples profiled by RNA-seq.

  Dataset EGAD00001006926

• RPPA analysis + clinical data

  RPPA analysis from FAIRLANE Trial of Neoadjuvant Ipatasertib Plus Paclitaxel for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

  Dataset EGAD00001008507

• Recording physiological history of cells with chemical labeling.

  Recordings of the physiological history of cells provide insights into biological processes, yet obtaining such recordings is a challenge. To address this, we introduce a method to record transient cellular events for later analysis. We designed proteins that become labeled in the presence of both a specific cellular activity and a fluorescent substrate. The recording period is set by the presence of the substrate, whereas the cellular activity controls the degree of the labeling. The use of distinguishable substrates enabled the recording of successive periods of activity. We recorded protein-protein interactions, G-protein-coupled receptor activation and elevations in intracellular calcium. Recordings of elevated calcium levels allowed selections of cells from heterogenous populations for transcriptomic analysis and tracking of neuronal activities in flies and zebrafish.

  Study EGAS50000000056

• Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (AMP-RA/SLE)

  This project is analyzing tissue and blood samples from people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus to pinpoint genes, proteins, chemical pathways, and networks involved at a single cell level. This type of modular, molecular analysis will allow comparisons across the diseases and will provide insights into key aspects of the disease process. The project will identify differences between those RA patients who respond to therapies and those who do not, as well as provide a better systems level understanding of disease mechanisms in both RA and lupus. This knowledge is essential for the development of targeted therapies and for the application of existing and future therapies to appropriate patient populations. Additional datasets can be accessed through ImmPort (http://www.immport.org/immport-open/public/home/studySearch), accession: SDY997

  Study phs001459

• High Glucose Macrophage Exosomes Enhance Atherosclerosis by Driving Cellular Proliferation and Hematopoiesis

  In this study, we aimed to explore whether hyperglycemia alters inflammatory properties and microRNA levels in immune cells as well as their extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a mode of intercellular communication in cardiovascular disease. To this end, we isolated EVs from the plasma of diabetic mice as well as from human subjects that included 7 healthy individuals (control), 5 individuals with diagnosed peripheral arterial disease but no diabetes, 9 diabetic individuals with no vascular disease and 5 diabetic subjects with established vascular disease. The human plasma EVs were examined for the content of microRNA and their capacity to communicate signaling when incubated with cultured human THP1 macrophages. Subsequently, the plasma EV-exposed macrophages were examined for total RNA sequencing to identify inflammatory and molecular pathways targeted by the human EVs. 

  Study phs002401

• Genomic sequencing of Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma

  Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood accounting for approximately 350 newly diagnosed cases yearly in the United States. With the development of multimodal chemotherapy regimens, relapse-free survival rates have improved to 70-80% in patients with localized disease albeit with significant toxicity. Unfortunately, despite aggressive treatment, patients with metastatic or recurrent disease continue to suffer from high mortality. Further characterization of the genetic events underlying this tumor type is critical for the development of more effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. In a collaborative effort between the National Cancer Institute, the Children's Oncology Group, and the Broad Institute, we use a combination of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing to characterize the landscape of somatic alterations in 147 tumor/normal pairs.

  Study phs000720

• Defining and Overcoming Intrinsic T Cell Dysfunction to Enable Pediatric Immunotherapy

  T-cells from 71 children and young adults with B-cell malignancies on trial to receive anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy were analyzed. These T-cells represent the pre-manufacture T-cells that were subsequently used for CAR T manufacture. Bulk RNA-Seq was performed on sorted T-cell subsets for all patients, in addition to CITE-Seq and single-cell ATAC-Seq on a subset of 6 patients. The primary clinical outcome was duration of B-cell aplasia, a surrogate measure of functional CAR T-cell persistence. From these data, molecular signatures associated with long and short-term CAR T-cell persistence were identified. This data submission includes bulk RNA-Seq, CITE-Seq, and single-cell ATAC-Seq data from this study.

  Study phs002323

• Transcriptomic and Clonal Characterization of T Cells in the Human Central Nervous System

  The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to be a main route for immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding the composition and state of CSF in healthy individuals may provide insight into perturbations present during neuroinflammation. Here, we have used single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing to profile CSF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals and patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmmune disease. In addition, with the goal of understanding how transcriptional artefacts are introduced in transcriptomics experiments, we have performed single-cell and TCR sequencing to profile PBMCs from a healthy individual that were processed with the same enzymatic digestion used for tissues (such as the brain) in the presence or absence of transcription inhibitors. 

  Study phs002222

• Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Rheumatoid Arthritis (AMP-RA/SLE)

  This project is analyzing tissue and blood samples from people with RA and lupus to pinpoint genes, proteins, chemical pathways, and networks involved at a single cell level. This type of modular, molecular analysis will allow comparisons across the diseases and will provide insights into key aspects of the disease process. The project will identify differences between those RA patients who respond to therapies and those who do not, as well as provide a better systems level understanding of disease mechanisms in both RA and lupus. This knowledge is essential for the development of targeted therapies and for the application of existing and future therapies to appropriate patient populations. Additional datasets can be accessed through ImmPort (http://www.immport.org/immport-open/public/home/studySearch), accession: SDY998, SDY999.

  Study phs001457

• The Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) Study

  The Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) study is a long-term effort to identify genetic variants that predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D) or that impact the variability of T2D-related quantitative traits. The initial effort involved linkage analysis of affected-sibling-pair (ASP) families based on over 5,000 individuals living in Finland, and association fine mapping based on these family members and additional T2D cases and controls. Recently we completed a genome-wide association scan on 1161 T2D cases and 1174 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) controls. Individual-level data is available here for the 919 T2D cases and 787 NGT controls who reconsented to the use of their data or are deceased. Version 3 adds individual-level data for additional phenotypic variables.

  Study phs000100

• Identification of germline variants in Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) by whole- exome sequencing

  Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignant tumor that arises from parafollicular cells. Approximately 8% of thyroid cancer cases are MTC, and about 25% of these have a hereditary component. Incorporating molecular parameters into tumor classification is important. Besides, the presence of pathogenic germline variants can impact directly on cancer prevention. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform whole exome sequencing (WES) on a consecutive series of hereditary RET wild-type MTC patients to identify genetic variants that may be involved in the carcinogenesis of this tumor. WES was performed on 28 patients negative for germline RET pathogenic variants using the NovaSeq 6000 platform. Variant classification followed American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.Our study represents a significant advancement in gene discovery for MTC genetics.

  Study EGAS50000000061

• MATISSE bulk RNA-sequencing data

  Tumor availability: Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on tumor biopsies of 48 patients at baseline and 45 patients across time points (baseline n=48, week 1 n=38, week 2 n=34, week 4 n=37), including lymph node metastasis that were sequenced in addition to the primary tumor. Tumor RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary tumor and lymph node metastasis sections containing at least 10% viable tumor cells present in the sample, except for on-treatment samples with a complete pathological response in which we isolated samples with at least 10% immune-infiltration with no viable tumor cells. A pathologist (LS) scored the tumor percentage and indicated the most tumor-dense region on a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain slide for subsequent RNA isolation. According to the manufacturer's protocol, five to 10 FFPE slides (10 µm) were used for RNA isolation using the AllPrep DNA/RNA FFPE isolation kit (Qiagen, 80234) and the QIAcube. Genetic Diagnostics and Sequencing Services (CeGaT) performed RNA sequencing in Germany. Data processing: Demultiplexing of the sequencing reads was performed with Illumina bcl2fastq (v2.20). Adapters of the reads (Pico v2 SMART adapter, first three nucleotides of the second sequencing read) were trimmed with Skewer (v0.2.2), without quality trimming. RNA-sequencing data was aligned to GRCh38 (Ensembl v109) using STAR (v2.7.9) in 2-pass mode with default settings. Gene counts were generated with the HTSeq (v2.0.2). FastQC (v0.12.1) and MultiQC (v1.14) were used for assessing data quality, on FASTQ files and intermediate processing steps.

  Dataset EGAD50000001470

• NHLBI TOPMed - NHGRI CCDG: Intermountain INSPIRE Registry

  The INtermountain Healthcare Biological Samples Collection Project and Investigational REgistry for the On-going Study of Disease Origin, Progression and Treatment (Intermountain INSPIRE Registry) purpose is to collect biological samples, clinical information and laboratory data from Intermountain Healthcare patients. The registry originally collected samples in patients undergoing a coronary angiography as part of the Intermountain Heart Collaborative Study. It has been expanded to collect samples in patients diagnosed with all types of medical conditions, and patients from the general population including those who have not been diagnosed with health related issues. Just over 25,000 individuals have provided samples as part of this registry. The registry enables researchers to develop a comprehensive collection of information that may help in disease management, including determining best medical practices for predicting, preventing and treating medical conditions.

  Study phs001545

• RNA sequencing data from glioblastoma primary cell lines treated with indisulam

  This study aimed to develop NovumRNA, a bioinformatics pipeline designed to predict non-canonical tumor-specific antigens (ncTSAs) from human tumor RNA-sequencing data, potentially broadening the target pool for cancer neo-epitope-based immunotherapies. The splicing-modulating drug indisulam was investigated for its potential to induce aberrant transcriptomes, potentially increasing ncTSAs, subsequently predicted by NovumRNA. Four glioblastoma primary cell lines were derived from patient Cavitron Ultrasonic Aspirator (CUSA) material, cultured as neurospheres, and treated with indisulam or vehicle control. RNA was extracted at 6 and 16 hours post-treatment and sequenced using the NovaSeq platform. The resulting RNA-seq data was analyzed with NovumRNA, using healthy brain GTEx samples as controls, to identify and validate ncTSAs induced by indisulam treatment. NovumRNA is available at: https://github.com/ComputationalBiomedicineGroup/NovumRNA.

  Study EGAS50000000680

• Transcriptomic analysis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) patients treated on the ALL09 clinical trial

  This study provides comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients treated on the Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group (ALLG) ALL09 clinical trial (ACTRN12618001734257). The ALL09 clinical trial is a Phase II single arm study to assess whether substitution of blinatumomab for conventional multi-agent chemotherapy in phase 2 induction leads to improved minimal residual disease negativity rates when compared to the historical AYA ALL trial cohort. Patients treated on this trial were aged 15-40 years, demonstrated morphological diagnosis of CD19 positive B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL), and were negative for Philadelphia chromosome-positive disease. Transcriptomic sequencing was performed as a correlative study to determine assess patients’ genomic subtypes and enable comparison of clinical outcome in blinatumomab treated patients.

  Study EGAS50000001109

• ECM-free patient-derived organoids preserve diverse prostate cancer lineages and uncover in vitro-enriched cell types

  Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) hold promise for modeling various cancers, yet their application in prostate cancer (PCa) has been limited due to low culture success and the predominance of non-tumor-like cells. Using 164 PCa samples and optimizing culture conditions, we demonstrate that an extracellular matrix (ECM)-free culture method improves PDO take-rates, fostering cell populations with luminal and PCa-specific characteristics. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals that these ECM-free PDOs closely mirror their original tumors at the transcriptomic level and maintain a diverse array of tumor cell types, unlike traditional Matrigel-based cultures which predominantly yield benign-like cells. This study introduces a PCa PDO single-cell atlas, providing a valuable resource for advancing prostate cancer research.

  Study EGAS50000000807

• EGA synthetic data

  Synthetic Data One of the limitations in genomics research is that human genomics data is not openly available; access must be controlled according to participant consent agreements and data protection regulations such as GDPR. Obtaining authorization to access such data can sometimes take a long time, resulting in delays to important research work. In this context, synthetic genomic and phenotype data can be useful resources for researchers to avoid these delays. Synthetic data are artificially generated datasets, often created with algorithms, which can be used without the need for authorization to test new products and tools, build technical demonstrators, validate data models, and train AI models. The EGA provides access to synthetic cohort datasets augmented with rich synthetic metadata that overcomes these real data usage restrictions. Whilst synthetic datasets are not included in the general EGA mandate and services, we can consider such submissions and evaluate their acceptance on the basis of their unique use cases not already covered by existing synthetic datasets. Access to synthetic data studies is managed by the EGA Helpdesk Data Access Committee. Study ID Title Located in EGAS00001002472 CINECA synthetic cohort EUROPE UK1 referencing fake samples Central EGA EGAS00001005591 Synthetic data - Genome in a Bottle Central EGA EGAS00001005042 Test Study for EGA using data from 1000 Genomes Project - Phase 3 Central EGA EGAS00001005702 Human genomic and phenotypic synthetic data for the study of rare diseases Central EGA EGAS50000000190 EOSC4Cancer Synthetic Colorectal Cancer Genomic data Central EGA EGAS50000000086 Synthetic - FEGA Sweden Heilsa synthetic dataset December 2023 Federated EGA Sweden EGAS50000000678 Synthetic - GDI synthetic data Federated EGA Spain

  Documentation synthetic-data

• MYC Drives Progression of Small Cell Lung Cancer to a Variant Neuroendocrine Subtype with Vulnerability to Aurora Kinase Inhibition

  Loss of the tumor suppressors RB1 and TP53 and MYC amplification are frequent oncogenic events in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We show that Myc expression cooperates with Rb1 and Trp53 loss in the mouse lung to promote aggressive, highly metastatic tumors, that are initially sensitive to chemotherapy followed by relapse, similar to human SCLC. Importantly, MYC drives a neuroendocrine-low “variant” subset of SCLC with high NEUROD1 expression corresponding to transcriptional profiles of human SCLC. Targeted drug screening reveals that SCLC with high MYC expression is vulnerable to Aurora kinase inhibition, which combined with chemotherapy strongly suppresses tumor progression and increases survival. These data identify molecular features for patient stratification and uncover a novel targeted treatment approach for MYC-driven SCLC.

  Study EGAS00001002115

• Adeno-associated virus in the liver: natural history and consequences in tumor development

  Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a defective mono-stranded DNA virus, endemic in human population (40-80%). AAV infection has long been considered as non-pathogenic1, however few years ago we reported for the first time recurrent clonal AAV2 insertion in the pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed on normal liver. These clonal viral insertions target cancer driver genes, including CCNA2, CCNE1, TERT, TNFSF10 and MLL4, leading to their overexpression. The viral inserted sequences involved in almost all the cases the 3’ inverse tandem repeat (ITR) of AAV2, which is important for virus integration in host DNA and exhibits a promoter/enhancer activity. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate their functional impact on the tissue, such as fusion transcript generation events.

  Study EGAS00001003310

• Multiregional sequencing of IDH-WT glioblastoma reveals high genetic heterogeneity and a dynamic evolutionary history

  Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy in adults. In addi-tion to extensive inter-patient heterogeneity, glioblastoma shows intra-tumor extensive cellular and molecular heterogeneity, both spatially and temporally. This heterogeneity is one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis and overall survival. Moreover, it raises the important question of whether the molecular characterization of a single bioptic sample, as performed in standard di-agnostics, actually represents the entire lesion. In this study, we sequenced the whole-exome of nine spatially different cancer regions of three primary glioblastomas. We characterized their mutational profiles and copy number alterations, with implications for our understanding of tu-mor biology in relation to clonal architecture and evolutionary dynamics, as well as therapeuti-cally relevant alterations.

  Study EGAS00001005128

• UCSF Pediatric Bithalamic Glioma Genome Project

  Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors of childhood, and the genetic drivers and optimal therapeutic strategies for many of the different subtypes remain unknown. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing of approximately 500 cancer-associated genes on a cohort of 13 pediatric bithalamic diffuse gliomas, a lethal brain tumor of childhood for which the genetic basis is largely unknown. We identified that bithalamic diffuse gliomas harbor frequent mutations in the EGFR oncogene in the absence of accompanying gene amplification and only rare histone H3 mutation. These EGFR mutations were either small in-frame insertions within exon 20 (intracellular tyrosine kinase domain) or missense mutations within exon 7 (extracellular ligand-binding domain). Accompanying alterations included frequent TP53 mutation, CDK6 amplification or CDKN2C mutation, and BCOR and BCORL1 mutation or deletion.

  Study EGAS00001004033

• Size-tagged preferred ends in maternal plasma DNAshed light on the production mechanism and showutility in noninvasive prenatal testing

  Cell-free DNA molecules in the plasma of pregnant women exhibit nonrandom fragmentation with preferred end sites. We studied if such preferred end sites might bear any re- lationship with fragment lengths of plasma DNA. Short and long plasma DNA molecules were associated with different preferred DNA end sites. Analysis of size-tagged preferred ends could be used for measuring fetal DNA fraction and for facilitating fetal trisomy 21 detection. Fetal preferred end sites were generally located in the nucleosome cores, while the maternal ones were located in the linker regions. This con- ceptual framework provides an explanation of the relative shortness of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and brings us closer to understanding the biological mechanisms that influence plasma DNA fragmentation.

  Study EGAS00001002831

• Cross-species genomics identifies TAF12, NFYC and RAD54L as novel choroid plexus carcinoma oncogenes

  Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are poorly understood and frequently lethal brain tumors with minimal treatment options. Using a new mouse model of the disease and a large cohort of human CPCs, we performed a cross-species, genome-wide search for novel oncogenes within syntenic regions of chromosome gain. TAF12, NFYC and RAD54L, co-located on human chromosome 1p32-35.3 and mouse chromosome 4qD1-D3, were identified as oncogenes that are gained in tumors in both species and required to initiate and progress the disease in mice. TAF12 and NFYC are transcription factors that regulate the epigenome, while RAD54L plays a central role in DNA repair. Our data identify a group of concurrently gained, novel oncogenes that cooperate in the formation of CPC and unmask potential new avenues for therapy.

  Study EGAS00001000961

• Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma RNA and Targeted Sequencing

  Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are frequently driven by genetic alterations in the RAS/MAPK pathway yet show unexplained variability in their clinical outcome. To address this, we characterized a cohort of >1,000 clinically annotated pLGG. 84% of cases harbored a driver alteration, while those without an identified alteration also often exhibited up-regulation of the RAS/MAPK pathway. pLGG could be broadly classified based on their alteration type. Rearrangement-driven tumors were diagnosed at a younger age, enriched for WHO grade I histology, infrequently progressed, and rarely resulted in death as compared to SNV-driven tumors. Further sub-classification of clinical-molecular correlates stratified pLGG into risk categories. These data highlight the biological and clinical differences between pLGG subtypes and opens avenues for future treatment refinement.

  Study EGAS00001004242

• A genetic compendium of human brains from the UK Medical Research Council brain tissue resource

  Common neurodegenerative diseases have a complex genetic architecture. Highly penetrant diseases alleles are found in a significant minority of cases, and common risk alleles are present in a large proportion. Given the central role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of these disorders, it is critical that mechanistic studies in human subjects and tissue samples are interpreted in an genetically enlightened context. To address this we performed exome sequencing on 1461 human brains accessible through the Medical Research Council (UK) brain banks network. Our findings confirm the complex genetic landscape of neurodegenerative disease. Clinical, pathological and genetic data for the 1461 brains with corresponding exome sequencing data are available within this dataset, enabling the genetic stratification and selection of post-mortem tissue samples for researchers.

  Study EGAS00001001599

• Most HCCs in Taiwan show the mutational signature of aristolochic acid

  Plants in the genus Aristolochia contain the mutagen aristolochic acid (AA) and have been widely used in traditional medicines and for weight loss. AA binds covalently to genomic DNA and induces a highly distinctive mutational signature. While AA involvement in urinary-tract cancers in Taiwan is known, the possible role of AA in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in Taiwan has not been examined. Here, we whole-exome sequenced 98 unselected HCCs from Taiwan and analyzed the mutational signatures for evidence of AA mutagenesis. Remarkably, more than 78% of HCCs showed strong evidence of AA mutagenesis, often associated with high mutation burdens. Non-synonymous mutations in genes known to be HCC driver genes were detected. Importantly, we elucidated the potential of immunotherapy in this cohort of liver cancer patients.

  Study EGAS00001002301

• WGS of liver cancer in the Japanese population

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cancer-related cause of death and the seventh most common form of cancer worldwide, with an estimate of more than 700,000 new cases each year. The most established risk factors of HCC are chronic HBV and HCV infection. HBV infection is responsible for over 50% of the worldwide attributable risk of HCC, especially in East Asia and Africa, while in Japan and several Western countries HCV infection is the most common risk factor for HCC. To gain insights into the molecular alterations of virus-associated HCC, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 321 HCC tumors from 159 patients. This work was performed as a part of the ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) project.

  Study EGAS00001000678

• Genome-wide association analysis on five isolated populations - Erasmus Rucphen Family (ERF) Study

  ERF is embedded in the Genetic Research in Isolated Population (GRIP) program. Genealogy of GRIP is available from its founding (1600-1650). For ERF, we selected 22 related (first and second degree, non-consanguineous) couples living in GRIP between 1850-1900, and having at least six children baptized in the community church. All living descendants of those couples were invited to participate in ERF1. About 4,000 relatives included in the study form a very complex pedigree, which consists of more than 23,000 members. The participants aged between 18-20 years constitute a unique single family spanning over 23 generations. Around 3,000 individuals have been extensively phenotyped for several psychiatric and somatic traits. All phenotyped individuals are genotyped on genome-wide genotyping arrays.

  Study EGAS00001001134

• Genome_Diversity_in_Africa_Project___ancient_samples___standard_libraries

  Given the central importance of Africa to studies of human origins, genetic diversity and disease susceptibility, large-scale and representative characterisation of genetic diversity in Africa is needed. Analyses of ancient DNA from Africa would complement sequencing of modern African populations and provide unique opportunities to transform our understanding of the pre-history of the region. This approach would greatly refine our understanding of population structure and gene flow in Africa and globally, including genetic signatures of ancient admixture. This low coverage sequencing experiment will allow us to test and refine our pipeline for ancient DNA sequencing.This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001182

• Molecular sub-classification of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer

  Patients with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer benefit from hormonal treatment, yet high global death burdens due to high prevalence and long-term recurrence risk call for biomarkers to guide additional treatment approaches. From a prospective, observational study of postmenopausal early breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors gene expression analyses of 612 tumors was performed using the NanoString® Breast Cancer 360 panel. We identified novel gene expression signatures, i.e. BRCAness and Tumor Inflammation Signature (associated with high tumor lymphocyte infiltration), that may aid to select high-risk patients in order to improve adjuvant treatment by targeting DNA repair deficiency or immune-checkpoints in addition to standard chemo-endocrine treatment. The overall goal is to foster novel concepts for a stratified early breast cancer management.

  Study EGAS00001004594

• Single-cell RNA sequencing of 22 Hodgkin lymphoma tumors and 5 reactive lymph nodes

  Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by an extensively dominant tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of different types of non-cancerous immune cells with rare malignant cells. Characterization of the cellular components and their spatial relationship is crucial to understanding crosstalk and therapeutic targeting in the TME. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of more than 127,000 cells from 22 HL tissue specimens and 5 reactive lymph nodes, profiling for the first time the phenotype of the HL-specific immune microenvironment at single-cell resolution. Library preparation was performed using the 10x Genomics Chromium system, and Illumina sequencing was used to generate 3' gene expression data for every cell. Downstream analysis was performed in R to identify HL-specific microenvironment patterns and identify novel cell populations.

  Study EGAS00001004085

• Patient-derived organoids as a novel tool to study cervical cancer

  Cervical cancer is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy worldwide, often caused by infection with a high-risk human papillomavirus. Currently, there are only limited number of human-derived culture systems available that enable to study the viral infection for short-term. Here, we report on establishment of long-term human-derived organoid cultures from both healthy ecto- and endocervical epithelia that closely recapitulate the tissues of origin by maintaining the authentic histological and tissue-specific gene expression profiles. Additionally, using material from patients’ Pap-brush material, a successful panel of long-term patient-derived cancer organoids was established that maintain the causative viral infection in vitro and show differential response to common chemotherapy regimens. This study provides a promising platform for cervical cancer research and studying direct virus-host interactions.

  Study EGAS00001004439

• RP-1843 Arcagen - Gastrointestinal rare cancers (GI)

  Arcagen is an EORTC/SPECTA pan-European project that aims to recruit 1000 rare cancer patients from different tumour domains of EURACAN. This study collected samples from advanced or metastatic rare cancer from patients older than 12, and analysed them using Foundation Medicine next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels (FoundationOne CDx for FFPE samples or FoundationOne Liquid CDx for blood samples). Here we are submitting two datasets that contain NGS files from gastrointestinal rare cancers (n=119): - Dataset 1 (32 patients): Mesothelioma of the peritoneum (n=21) and Pseudomyxoma peritonei/mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix (n=11) - Dataset 2 (87 patients): Intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n=47), Extra-hepatic, cholangiocarcinoma (n=16), Not specified Cholangiocarcinoma (n=9), Small bowel adenocarcinoma (n=6) and other rare GI cancer (n=9)

  Study EGAS00001006299

• Single cell whole genome sequencing of high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  This dataset was collected from viable bone marrow cells obtained at diagnosis from nine patients with high hyperdiploid ALL and one normal bone marrow sample. All samples were subjected to low pass single cell whole genome sequencing with the median sequencing coverage of 0.02x. Single nuclei in G0/G1 phase were isolated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) cytometer. DNA libraries were constructed and associated next-generation sequencing was carried out by European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Further details regarding the DNA libraries construction are available by Bos et. al., 2019 (https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-8931-7_15). The dataset has been used for copy number aberrations analysis.

  Study EGAS00001006347

• ATAC-Seq of inflamed and non-inflamed biopsies

  Inflamed and non-inflamed biopsies were digested for 45 minutes at 37ºC with collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum (Sigma). Suspension cells were then stained with an antibody cocktail to sort live CD8-CD4+ T cells. After isolating crude nuclei of two thousand live CD4+ T cells, they were treated with Tagment DNA buffer and Tagment DNA Enzyme (Nextera DNA Library Prep Kit, Illumina), and then the DNA was purified by MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Transposed DNA fragments were amplified using specific adapters followed by purification with MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Fragments from 240-360pb were selected in the PippinHT system (Sage Science). The quality of the library and its DNA concentration were assessed by Bioanalyzer instruments (Agilent Technologies) and ultimately submitted for sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer, V4 chemistry.

  Study EGAS00001007344

• CIDR, NCI, NIDA Sequencing of Targeted Genomic Regions Associated with Smoking

  This study includes samples from two projects: Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence (COGEND; PI: Laura Bierut) and Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence in African Americans (AAND; PI: Laura Bierut and Eric Johnson). The majority of the COGEND subjects included in the current study overlap with the two datasets already available on dbGaP. GWAS data are available for COGEND subjects through the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE), dbGaP study accession phs000092. It should be noted that the case definition in the SAGE study is DSM-IV alcohol dependence. GWAS data are available for additional COGEND subjects through The Genetic Architecture of Smoking and Smoking Cessation, dbGaP study accession phs000404. The overall goal of this project is to apply deep sequencing to key genomic regions associated with nicotine dependence in order to accelerate the discovery of variation in molecular pathways that govern the development of nicotine dependence. The sample includes unrelated cases and controls of European American and African American descent. Cases are defined by a commonly used definition of nicotine dependence, a current score of 4 or more (maximum score of 10) on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Control status is defined as an individual who smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime, yet never became dependent (lifetime FTND<2). By selecting controls who smoked cigarettes, we focus on those genetic effects that are specific to the development of nicotine dependence. COGEND: COGEND was initiated in 2001 as a three-part program project grant funded through the National Cancer Institute (NCI; PI: Laura Bierut). The three projects included a study of the familial transmission of nicotine dependence, a genetic study of nicotine dependence, and a study of the relationship of nicotine dependence with nicotine metabolism. The primary goal was to detect, localize, and characterize genes that predispose or protect an individual with respect to heavy tobacco consumption, nicotine dependence, and related phenotypes and to integrate these findings with the family transmission and nicotine metabolism findings. The primary design was a community based case-control study. Nicotine dependent cases and non-dependent, smoking controls were identified and recruited from Detroit and St. Louis. More than 54,000 subjects aged 25-44 years were screened by telephone; more than 3,100 subjects were personally interviewed; and more than 2,900 subjects donated blood samples for genetic studies. AAND: AAND was initiated in 2009 to identify and characterize genetic determinants of nicotine dependence in a large African American population. Community-based recruitment of approximately 100,000 people was conducted to ascertain 1,000 African American nicotine dependent cases and 1,000 African American non-dependent, smoking controls. All subjects were between the ages of 25-44. Subjects were screened by telephone; if they qualified as a case or control, they completed the same interview that was used in COGEND and donated a blood sample. Both studies (COGEND and AAND) included measures of basic socio-demographic variables, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and educational attainment using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Nicotine Dependence. Information on nicotine dependence, as assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is available for all subjects. In addition, participants also completed the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS; Shiffman et al., 2004) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68; Piper et al, 2004). All subjects were assessed in person by trained research assistants.

  Study phs000813

• Cell and Circuit-Specific Exploration of HIV Neurogenomics in Context of Opiate and Cocaine Misuse

  Utilizing frozen postmortem brain tissue from the Manhattan HIV Brain Bank, we performed cell-type-specific, genome-wide sequencing of three different types: 1) single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq), 2) in situ Hi-C, and 3) HIV integration site sequencing (IS-seq). We assayed tissue from three different donor types: 1) HIV-uninfected control (HIV-), HIV-infected (HIV+), and HIV-infected with HIV encephalitis (HIVE), who served as a positive control for active CNS viral infection. The diagnosis of HIVE was made by a board-certified neuropathologist on routine histopathology, based on the presence of a microglial nodule encephalitis with characteristic multinucleated syncytial cells and staining for HIV p24 antigen. Other HIV-infected individuals (the HIV+ group) did not have this histologic evidence of active HIV brain replication, and were variable with regard to cART status and virologic control prior to death. Donor characteristics, including ante-mortem plasma HIV loads, CD4 counts, and cART status, were documented. Quality controls were used for each assay: For snRNA-seq we applied filters to remove low quality nuclei from analysis and performed experiments in which mouse tissue was mixed with human tissue to determine a reliable HIV read count threshold. For Hi-C, we used paired HIV- and HIVE samples and processed all samples in parallel, at the same time. Correlation analysis was used to ensure biological replicates were aligned. For IS-seq, each time the assay was run, a positive and negative control were included. This allowed us to ensure a lack of contamination in IS-seq libraries and that, when a particular sample failed to yield library, this was due to low levels of HIV rather than a failure of the assay. Altogether, we built an integrative dataset from 79 sequencing files, including snRNA-seq, and cell type specific Hi-C, IS-seq, and ChIP-seq datasets. Human autopsy brain samples were collected by the Manhattan HIV Brain Bank (MHBB, U24MH100931), using protocols under the supervision of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent was obtained either from decedents or their primary next of kin. Major Findings: Reorganization of open/repressive (A/B) compartment structures in HIVE microglia encompassing 6.4% of the genome was linked to transcriptional activation of interferon (IFN) signaling and cell migratory pathways and was partially recapitulated by IFN-gamma stimulation of cultured microglia. In contrast, decreased expression and repressive compartmentalization of genes regulating neuronal health and signaling was seen in both HIVE and HIV+ microglia. IS-seq recovered 1,221 integration sites in the brain that displayed distinct genomic patterns as compared to peripheral lymphocyte integration and were enriched for chromosomal domains newly mobilized into a permissive chromatin environment in HIVE microglia. Viral transcription occurred in a subset of highly activated microglia comprising 0.003% of all nuclei in HIVE brain. Our findings point to a disruption of microglia-neuronal interactions in the HIV infected brain and an interrelation of retroviral integration and expression with interferon-associated remodeling of the microglial 3D genome during progression to HIVE. Search terms: HIV, postmortem brain, microglia, substance abuse, viral integration, chromosomal conformation capture, Hi-C, chromatin, single nuclei RNA-seq, Irf8, NeuN, HIV encephalitis, neuron-microglia interaction, cytokine

  Study phs003080

• Ongoing Replication Stress Tolerance and Clonal T Cell Responses Distinguish Liver and Lung Recurrence and Patient Outcomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

  Patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) survive longer when disease spreads to the lung but not to the liver. We generated overlapping, multi-omic datasets to identify molecular and cellular features that distinguish patients whose disease develops liver metastasis (liver cohort) from those whose disease progression results in lung metastasis without liver metastases (lung cohort). Lung cohort patients generally survived longer than liver cohort patients, independent of tumor subtype. We developed a pORG gene signature that distinguishes primary tumors in the liver and lung cohorts. We identified ongoing replication stress (RS) response pathways in high pORG/liver cohort tumors, while low pORG/lung cohort tumors had greater densities of lymphocytes and shared T cell clonal responses. Our study demonstrates that liver-avid PDAC is associated with tolerance to ongoing RS, limited tumor immunity, and less favorable outcomes; whereas low RS, lung-avid/liver-averse tumors are associated with active tumor immunity that may account for favorable outcomes. As expected, we found high frequencies of KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 gene alterations in our tumor samples. High pORG activity (GSVA scores) in our primary tumors appear to be positively correlated with alteration frequencies in both TP53 and CDKN2A. We did not see a correlation with alterations in KRAS as almost all the tumor samples have KRAS alterations. From a de-identified dataset of 1,873 patients diagnosed with and/or treated for PDAC at our institution between 2004 and 2020, we identified 422 patients for which we had specimens with sequencing data (N=374) and/or specific evidence of disease metastasis site(s) from the OHSU cancer registry or disease-relevant computed tomography (CT) scans to allow cohort classification. Note that our study includes RNA-Seq, DNA-Seq panel, and TCR-Seq (T-cell Receptor Sequencing) data, but that this dbGaP submission just includes the patients/samples with RNA-Seq and/or DNA-Seq panel data. Therefore, this submission includes 290 samples from 278 patients. TCR sequence data is available on the Adaptive Biotechnologies platform. Clinical course timepoints, patient demographics, stage, grade, nodal involvement, resection margins, and angiolymphatic invasion were provided as deidentified data by the OHSU cancer registry with quality control data verification in a subset by pathologists (BB and TM). We reviewed all available computed tomography (CT) scans for all patients with primary tumor resection dates recorded by the cancer registrar, with tumor samples analyzed by RNA-seq, DNA-seq, or TCR-seq, and/or with additional information indicating metastatic spread (e.g., metastatic samples received for related studies). We abstracted the site of all lesions proven to be metastatic by biopsy and/or that clearly increased in size during progression or decreased in size during treatment as long as a radiologist described the lesion as “likely”, “suspicious for”, “concerning for”, or “favor” metastasis. Clinical imaging was reviewed by a radiologist (AG) to validate patient assignments to the liver, lung, and neither liver nor lung (other recurrence site) cohorts. Time to recurrence was calculated from the earliest of either the recurrence date provided by the OHSU cancer registry, or the date of earliest lesion abstracted from CT reports. The subject attributes reported in this submission were up to date at the time of our data freeze, which occurred July 2021.

  Study phs003597

• Heart Failure Network - Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in Diastolic Heart Failure (HFN RELAX-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Related StudyEcho images are available through HFN RELAX-ImagingObjectivesThe RELAX trial tested the hypothesis that chronic phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor therapy with sildenafil would improve exercise capacity and clinical status in heart failure patients with normal ejection fraction, as compared to placebo. Background Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common and highly morbid condition that is characterized by chronic exercise intolerance, progressive functional decline and a high rate of readmission. At the time of the RELAX trial, clinical trials of renin-angiotensin system antagonists had not demonstrated improvement in outcomes or clinical status in HFpEF, and effective therapies were needed. Phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) metabolizes the nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptide (NP) systems' second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and thus may limit beneficial NO and NP actions in the heart, vasculature and kidney. Pre-clinical studies suggest that inhibition of PDE-5 reverses adverse cardiac structural and functional remodeling and enhances vascular, neuroendocrine and renal function. In clinical studies, PDE-5 inhibitor therapy improved exercise tolerance and clinical status in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A small, single-center study in HFpEF observed improved hemodynamics, left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, right ventricular (RV) systolic function, LV hypertrophy and lung function with chronic PDE-5 inhibition as compared to placebo. In aggregate, these studies suggested the potential for PDE-5 inhibition to ameliorate several key pathophysiological perturbations in HFpEF, and thus improve exercise capacity and clinical status. ParticipantsA total of 216 participants were enrolled in the trial with 113 in the Sildenafil group and 103 in the placebo group. Design Participants who met screening criteria underwent baseline studies including a history and physical examination, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPXT), six-minute walk distance, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ), echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and phlebotomy for biomarkers. Subjects were then randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to either the sildenafil or placebo intervention group. The study drug was administered orally at 20 mg three times daily (TID) for 12 weeks. If the dose was well tolerated at 12 weeks, it was increased to 60 mg TID for another 12 weeks. If side effects developed, study staff could recommend discontinuation or return to a lower or previously tolerated dose of study drug. Sildenafil levels 2 hours after a scheduled dose of study drug were obtained at 12 and 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was exercise capacity determined by change in peak oxygen consumption during the CPXT after 24 weeks of therapy. Secondary endpoints included change in six-minute walk distance at 12 and 24 weeks, change in peak oxygen consumption at 12 weeks, and a three tier score reflective of clinical status where patients were ranked based on time to death (lowest tier), time to cardiovascular or cardiorenal hospitalization (middle tier), and change in the MLWHFQ for patients alive without cardiovascular or cardiorenal hospitalization after 24 weeks (highest tier). Conclusions Chronic phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor therapy with sildenafil for 24 weeks did not alter exercise capacity or clinical status compared to placebo in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.

  Study phs003565

• Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Cardiac Epidemiologic Registry (Cardiac Epistry) Versions 1 and 2 (ROC-Cardiac Epistry 1 and 2-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Available Data: The ROC Cardiac Epistry versions 1 and 2 include all cardiac arrest cases entered into the ROC database from December 1, 2005 to April 1, 2011. ROC Cardiac Epistry 3 includes cardiac arrest cases captured between 2011 and 2015, and introduced significant changes in how and which data were collected.For ROC traumatic injury Epistry data, please see: ROC-Trauma Epistry Objectives: To build a prospective population-based registry of participants with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest responded to by Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Specific aims: to establish whether the results of Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) trials can be generalized to the larger population of participants that experience cardiac arrest;to more fully establish the burden of cardiac arrest; and to examine the relationships between variation in EMS structure and process, regional and periodic factors, and participant outcomes.Background: Cardiac arrest is a common, serious, debilitating and costly public health problem. Although there has been a steady decline in morbidity and mortality from most cardiovascular diseases, high mortality rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests continue to pose a challenge for healthcare providers and a significant public health burden. The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) was established in 2004 to conduct clinical research in the areas of cardiopulmonary arrest and life-threatening traumatic injury with the overall goal of improving resuscitation outcomes. Participant and care characteristics can predict favorable outcomes in cardiac arrests, but there is still a wide variation in outcomes that is not well understood. EMS factors such as service level, number of responding providers, use of procedures or drugs in the field, training, quality assurance/feedback, and response time intervals also vary significantly by region. Variations in geographic, socioeconomic and periodic factors may also be associated with differences in outcomes.Prior to ROC Cardiac Epistry, there were no North American population-based registries for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Therefore there was a need for standardized data collection of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in diverse geographic locations in order to identify the independent effects of prognostic or treatment factors accounting for variations in survival. Participants: The registry included 109,326 cardiac arrest events from 264 EMS agencies transporting to 287 acute care hospitals from the following regional centers: Birmingham, Alabama; Dallas, Texas; Iowa City, Iowa; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Portland, Oregon; San Diego, California; Seattle/King County, Washington; Ottawa, Ontario; Toronto, Ontario; and Vancouver, British Columbia.Design: ROC Epistry collected standardized data regarding episode-specific factors, participant demographics, clinical information, pre-hospital interventions and disposition, hospital information, and participant outcome for all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the ROC regions. Each ROC site had to ensure capture of all eligible cases within the EMS service areas. Out-of-hospital data were extracted from existing databases whenever possible and augmented with targeted review of EMS reports. Hospital data were abstracted directly from the hospital file in most cases. Alternative methods included linkage to death registries and obituaries if the death occurred within 30 days. Sites submitted data using a web-based interface or batch uploads. Participants were not contacted directly.

  Study phs003803

• Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA): African American Family GWAS

  COGA is a family study of alcoholism, in which the subjects have been drawn from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), a large, ongoing family-based study that includes subjects from seven sites around the US. COGA has gathered detailed, standardized data on study participants, including diagnostic and neurophysiological assessments. This project has already proved successful in identifying several genes that influence the risk for alcoholism and neurophysiological endophenotypes, which have been independently replicated. COGA data were included as part of two Genetic Analysis Workshops, and the phenotypes are familiar to the genetics community. Alcoholic probands were recruited from treatment facilities, assessed by personal interview, and after securing permission, other family members were also assessed. A set of comparison families was drawn from the same communities as the families recruited through an alcoholic proband. Assessment involved a detailed personal interview developed for this project, the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), which gathers detailed information on alcoholism related symptoms along with other drugs and psychiatric symptoms. Many participants also came to the laboratories for electroencephalographic studies. Neurophysiological features that have been shown to be useful endophenotypes for which we have linkage and in some cases association results are included on a subset of the case-control sample: the beta power of the resting electroencephalogram (EEG), the P3(00) amplitude of the visual event-related potential (ERP), and the theta and delta event-related oscillations (EROs) underlying the P3. As part of COGA, a set of informative African American families were selected to have Genome-Wide Association data obtained within families. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Omni2.5_080814_1 chip to genotype 3,438 subjects selected from densely affected families. Genotyping was performed at CIDR. This sample complements a set of densely affected European American families previously made available under dbGaP study accession phs000763. In addition, exome sequencing data on a subset of individuals with GWAS were added in version 2.For version 3, a subset had 30X Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) as part of the NIDA Sequencing Initiative. The subset contained two distinct sets: Sibling pairs where one sibling had at least two dependence diagnoses in the set (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opioid), and the other had none, and non-related Case-Control pairs matched for age and ethnicity where the cases had alcohol and at least 2 other dependence diagnoses and controls had none. After sequencing, some sibling pairs are re-classified as half siblings, Three VCF files (small variants, structural variants, and copy number variations) are provided. Additional substance abuse variables are made available in version 3. We note that the full sample data are deposited in four dbGaP submissions and the sequenced samples are split across all four: CIDR: Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism Case Control Study (phs000125). GWAS data on cases (primarily probands) and controls drawn from the families. Families with highest density of alcohol dependence and/or extreme event-related oscillation data (phs000763). GWAS data on 119 extended families of European descent are available here, along with extensive documentation. Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA): African American Family GWAS (phs000976). GWAS data on all available COGA families of African descent are available. COGA: Smokescreen GWAS (phs001208). GWAS data on all remaining COGA DNA samples, primarily of other racial background, were genotyped on the Smoke Screen array. A listing of all sequenced pairs is provided in the documentation to facilitate the merging of these samples.

  Study phs000976

• FEGA and European GDI: working together to improve human health

  The Federated EGA is a global resource for discovery of and access to sensitive human omics and associated data consented for secondary use, through a network of human data repositories to accelerate biomedical research and improve human health. The Federated EGA network was launched in September 2022 with five inaugural nodes, and since 2023 seven operational nodes can share data across national borders in adherence to European and national laws. A few weeks after FEGA's official launch, in November 2022, the European Genomic Data Infrastructure (GDI) project was kicked-off . This European Commission co-funded project, coordinated by ELIXIR, is aimed to deliver federated, sustainable and secure data infrastructure to access genomic and related phenotypic and clinical data across Europe. This project supports the aim of the 1+MG initiative (25 EU countries, Norway and UK) to enable personalised medicine and health through a shared framework and infrastructure for securely accessing and integrating high quality genomic data and other health data across borders.1+MG will be an integral component of the European Health Data Space (EHDS) for secondary use (Healthdata@EU) as an authorised participant. How are Federated EGA and GDI similar? Given their shared visions, the Federated EGA and European GDI networks have a lot in common. To begin, they share the same overall goal of establishing networks of “nodes” that host sensitive human data within a jurisdiction and connecting these nodes in a global network to support data discovery and promote human genome data access for research and healthcare. FEGA and GDI are both initially focused on enabling access to human genomic data, while FEGA ambition is to expand the scope to clinical research data and other omics data in the future. FEGA and GDI are both built on open and interoperable software solutions, a subset of which are based on the LocalEGA components. FEGA and GDI implementation solutions are based on international community standards, for example those developed by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, which contributes to making them interoperable. Both FEGA and GDI allow for the nodes to make use of any solution that is fully compatible. As illustrated in Figure 1, a final key point is the significant overlap of institutions involved in envisioning and operating FEGA and GDI nodes, with the clear wish to keep them interoperable in the future. What distinguishes Federated EGA from GDI? Despite being largely similar, there are some differences between the FEGA and GDI networks, which we aim to clarify in this post. The first difference is the governance model that the nodes will operate to comply with national laws and GDPR. In the FEGA network, nodes have taken inspiration from the EGA data access model, where the infrastructure is a data processor of the hosted data and data controllership remains with the originating Data Access Committees (i.e. Data controllers) for each dataset. On the other hand, in the GDI network the controllership of datasets will be transferred to a 1+MG European Digital Infrastructure Consortium (EDIC) legal entity created by the Member States (MS), who will make data access decisions, with data holders having veto powers for their datasets. Importantly, FEGA nodes have the flexibility to choose another model to fit with their data protection framework, including becoming data controllers for their datasets. The second difference is the inclusion criteria for data. While FEGA nodes are designed to accept almost any type of omics data in need of control access (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, genotyping, single cells sequencing, patient-tracked metagenomics), GDI nodes are initially, but not only, focused on accepting whole genome and exome sequencing data and affiliated data from sources such as (i) the Genome of Europe use case of the 1+MG initiative which specifically aims to fulfil the mission of building “a European network of national genomic reference cohorts of at least 500,000 citizens”) (ii) data collection of other types of genomic data identified by countries through the 1+MG dashboard and (iii) genomic data coming from data holders which would need to fulfil EHDS requirements. The third difference is the maturity of the software stacks. The FEGA network provides a set of software for data and metadata submission, storage, permissions management, and file distribution (the LocalEGA package). GDI is building a complete set of open source reference for the five functionalities covering the full data life cycle (a few more compared to the LocalEGA) including federated processing (analytics, AI/ML), which is still under active development. Notably, one of the GDI functionalities - storage and interfaces - can be satisfied by using the LocalEGA storage solution, highlighting the ability of FEGA and GDI to be interoperable. In both FEGA and GDI, nodes are allowed to use alternative solutions as long as they are fully interoperable with the networks. Figure 1 provides a simple overview of these described commonalities and differences. Figure1: schematic overview of the main commonalities and difference among a FEGA and a GDI node Can the same institute run a FEGA and a GDI node at the same time? The answer is Yes! We believe this is entirely possible and encouraged. As long as 1+MG requirements are continuously fulfilled in the implementation. The same trained personnel could operate the infrastructure and leverage the same national funding to run a FEGA and a GDI node. Several European nodes, especially GDI vanguard nodes like Norway, Sweden, Finland and Spain are following this model. The idea is that a lot of the work can be reused, given the overlapping scope and the interoperable technology. Thus, the hosted datasets can be discovered via the two catalogues, perhaps accessible under the same or different governance models. From a FEGA node perspective, the GDI datasets could simply be a subset of the datasets hosted in the FEGA node, which have their specific governance as any other. What's next? So, the amazing teams of people building the Federated EGA network and the European GDI network are working together to create infrastructures able to provide secure access to human genomic and associated data around Europe. Because we all know how much human genomics can improve healthcare and precision medicine. And we all want to collaborate to make it happen. This article has been reviewed collectively by members of the EGA and the GDI coordination team.

  Blog fega-and-gdi

• Establishing Reliability for Quantitative EEG, Transcranial Doppler, Behavioral Outcomes and Optical Coherence Tomography in SWS: The Next Step toward Biomarker Development

  Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare, congenital syndrome with vascular malformations of the brain, skin and eye. The underlying cause of SWS is unknown and the extent of involvement varies greatly from patient to patient. Those with brain involvement present with seizures, stroke-like episodes and neurologic deficits, usually in infancy. Those with eye involvement frequently develop vision threatening glaucoma and retinal injury. Treatment has been largely symptomatic and hampered by delayed diagnosis and the rarity of the condition. The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability of non-invasive measures to be developed as biomarkers for SWS and to determine inter-rater reliability where appropriate. This includes measuring reliability for: Power asymmetry on Quantitative Electroencephalogram Asymmetry of Transcranial Doppler velocity and pulsatility Behavioral outcome measures (PEDI, Erhardt, Modified Rankin Scale) Optical Coherence Tomography Approximately 40 subjects will participate in this observational, cross-sectional study. The first version study release included data of the first n=25 subjects.

  Study phs001281

• CPTAC: Microscaled Proteogenomic Methods for Precision Oncology

  Cancer proteogenomics combines genomics, transcriptomics and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to gain insights into cancer biology and treatment outcomes. To promote clinical investigation, we developed a "microscaled" proteogenomics approach for tumor-rich frozen core needle biopsies. Tissue-sparing specimen processing ("Biopsy Trifecta EXTraction", BioTExt) and microscaled proteomics (MiProt) generated deep-scale proteogenomics datasets. As a proofof- concept, biopsies were accrued from ERBB2 positive (ERBB2+) breast cancers before and 48 to 72 hours after the first dose of neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy. Multi-omics comparisons were conducted between samples associated with residual disease versus complete pathological response (pCR). Integrated analyses diagnosed diverse molecular causes of treatmentresistance including: 1) absence of ERBB2 amplification (false-ERBB2&#43); 2) insufficient ERBB2 activity for therapeutic sensitivity despite ERBB2 amplification (pseudo-ERBB2&#43); 3) resistance features in true-ERBB2+ cases including androgen receptor signaling, mucin expression and an inactive immune microenvironment; 4) lack of acute phospho-ERBB2 down-regulation in nonpCR cases. We conclude microscaled cancer proteogenomics could improve diagnostic precision.

  Study phs001907

• BPH Tissues for Cell Culture and Analysis - Spatial Transcriptomics Identifies Candidate Stromal Drivers of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

  The study goal was to apply spatial transcriptomics to identify candidate stromal drivers of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Laser microdissection (LCM) with RNA-seq of the stroma adjacent to hyperplastic and budding BPH ducts identified secreted factors including IGF1 and CXCL13. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) revealed their co-expression from BPH fibroblasts. Additional studies sought to define similarities to embryonic prostate development, as well as therapeutic applications. Subjects were those who underwent prostatectomy for prostate or bladder cancer, with concurrent BPH, and who consented to use of surplus tissue for research studies. LCM/RNA-seq studies included 5 patients, and scRNA-seq studies included 1 patient. Phenotypic data submitted to this study include patient age, sex, prostate size, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS). Sequencing was done on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (LCM/RNAseq) and Illumina HiSeq X-Ten (scRNA-seq). The data processing pipeline utilized Kallisto (LCM/RNA-seq) and Cell Ranger (scRNA-seq). Data submitted are raw sequencing (Fastq) files.

  Study phs003477

• Comprehensive Genomic Data Deposition for Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Studies: Clinical Trials NCT02451982 and NCT02648282

  This submission includes specimens from 89 pancreatic cancer patients at Johns Hopkins Hospital, comprising 41 surgically resectable and 48 locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) cases. These samples originate from two clinical studies, NCT02451982 and NCT02648282, following the Johns Hopkins Medical Institution Institutional Review Board-approved registry protocol at the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program. Written consent for specimen use, obtained from participants in the original studies, covers additional research, including this one. Biopsy specimens collected through endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle core biopsies or surgically resected tumors are included. NCT02451982 is a platform trial evaluating immunotherapy combinations for surgically resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the neo-adjuvant and adjuvant settings. It investigates the GVAX pancreatic cancer vaccine with immune-boosting cyclophosphamide, exploring immune cell trafficking and the impact of PD-1 blocking. NCT02648282 focuses on the efficacy and safety of combining cyclophosphamide, pembrolizumab, GVAX, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer, with an emphasis on anti-tumor activity. Both studies provide valuable insights into innovative pancreatic cancer treatment approaches.

  Study phs003600

• Human Dicer is required for cell-intrinsic immunity to self-dsRNA

  Self-derived double-stranded RNAs (self-dsRNAs) can activate cell-intrinsic innate immune responses and contribute to autoinflammation. We uncover an essential role for human Dicer in innate immune responses to self-dsRNA. Loss of Dicer disrupts RIG-I-like receptor-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) induction and activation of both the PKR and OAS1-3/RNAse L pathway in conditions where self-dsRNA accumulates, such as cells lacking ADAR1, PNPase, hnRNPC, or MPP8. In contrast, Dicer does not affect the IFN-I response triggered by exogenous dsRNA. Dicer interacts with LGP2, G3BP1, and Staufen1 and loss of these proteins similarly impairs IFN-I induction by self-dsRNAs. Depletion of Dicer and G3BP1 reduces the accumulation of immunostimulatory self-dsRNAs, while depletion of Dicer and Staufen1 prevents MDA5 oligomerization. We conclude that Dicer regulates self-dsRNA availability and sensing, aided by G3BP1 and Staufen1, respectively. Our findings highlight a non-canonical role for Dicer in innate immune activation by self-dsRNA and pinpoint new drug targets in autoinflammatory disorders.

  Study EGAS50000001409

• How to encrypt files with Crypt4gh

  File preparation Due to the processes used at the EGA for file archival the use of non-alphanumeric characters in a filename will cause issues in archival. By convention whitespaces in filenames are to be avoided and should be replaced with the underscore character (_). Before encrypting your files please make sure that any files that will be uploaded to EGA do not use special characters such as # ? ( ) [ ] / \ = + < > : ; " ' , * ^ | & Crypt4gh EGACryptor Files encrypted with Crypt4gh must be uploaded via INBOX Before uploading If you are not a registered EGA user, you will first need an EGA user account. Please note that it may take a few days for your account to be activated, as it needs to be vouched for by the EGA Helpdesk. Once your account is validated you will be able to request a submitter role. Meanwhile, you can create and add your public key to your EGA account profile. This option is not available for old submission accounts (e.g. ega-box-NNN). As soon as you have been granted a submitter role, you will be able to connect with your username and password to the EGA inbox using the SFTP protocol. If you have also registered a public key in your profile, you can also connect using this key. Encrypting your files Please note that you can also encrypt your files by uploading them directly to the "to-encrypt" folder in your upload area If your connection is unstable, please encrypt them using Crypt4gh The EGA encryption of this inbox is based on Crypt4GH. You can install a python implementation of it, with pip install crypt4gh or directly from the Github repository pip install git+https://github.com/EGA-archive/crypt4gh.git Save now the following Crypt4GH public key, into a file, say ingestion.pubkey. __EGA_INGESTION_PUBKEY__ Encrypt a given file with the following command: crypt4gh encrypt --recipient_pk ingestion.pubkey < file_to_encrypt > encrypted_file.c4gh The command reads the file from stdin (with < ) and output the encrypted version to stdout (with > ). Replace file_to_encrypt and encrypted_file.c4gh with the appropriate filenames but make sure to not use the same filename for both reading and writing because your SHELL would then truncate both files before you even read or write.

  Documentation submission/data/file-preparation/crypt4gh

• ABO: a 3D stroma-supported culture platform enabling full human B lymphopoiesis for disease modeling and gene therapy development

  Defective B-cell development underlies a large proportion of inborn errors of immunity, but progress in understanding disease mechanisms and of developing therapies has been limited by inadequate human in vitro models. Here, we establish a 3D aggregate culture platform composed of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mouse bone marrow stromal cells as an assay for efficient B-cell output (the ABO platform). ABOs supported progression through pro-B, pre-B, immature, and transitional B-cell stages, with a transcriptional profile and B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire diversity closely resembling human bone marrow B-cell ontogeny. ABO-derived B cells exhibited functional signaling and differentiated into class-switched memory and antibody-secreting B cells following CD40-mediated stimulation. The ABO platform reproduced the arrest in B-cell development observed in RAG1-SCID patient–derived HSPCs, which was corrected by lentiviral RAG1 gene therapy. Thus, ABOs provide a clinically relevant platform for modeling B-cell immunodeficiencies and evaluating therapeutic strategies.

  Study EGAS50000001693

• Illumina HumanCoreExome genotyping data from the British Society for Surgery of the Hand Genetics of Dupuytren’s Disease consortium (BSSH-GODD consortium) collection

  Dupuytren's Disease (DD - OMIM126900) is the most common heritable disorder of connective tissue. It is a fibroproliferative disorder of the palmer fascia, causing flexion contractures of affected digits. DD affects men more commonly than women. DD is an archetypal complex disease, with multiple genetic and environmental factors affecting the final expression of the disease phenotype. The incidence increases with age, and the prevalence of DD is therefore increasing as the UK population ages. Half of all patients present before age 60. DD causes significant functional impairment, and severe contractures can lead to permanent disability. The mainstay of current treatment is surgery, but recurrence and complications are both high. For severe contractures, the only suitable treatment option is amputation. The direct costs to the NHS are high, and underestimate the true economic costs to society. We collected salivary samples from adults in the UK who have had surgery for DD. We have genotyped these samples using the Illumina HumanCoreExome Beadchips. https://research.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/public/dupuytrens/what-is-dupuytrens-disease/

  Study EGAS00001001206