21029 results for "fc 26 coins Buyfc26coins.com is EA Sports official for FC 26 coins The service is affordable and quick..JIZq"

in 50.28 milliseconds.

• Broad Institute Center for Mendelian Genomics

  The Centers for Mendelian Genomics project uses next-generation sequencing and computational approaches to discover the genes and variants that underlie Mendelian conditions. By discovering genes that cause Mendelian conditions, we will expand our understanding of their biology to facilitate diagnosis and new treatments.

  Study phs001272

• University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics (UW-CMG)

  The Centers for Mendelian Genomics project uses next-generation sequencing and computational approaches to discover the genes and variants that underlie Mendelian conditions. By discovering genes that cause Mendelian conditions, we will expand our understanding of their biology to facilitate diagnosis and new treatments.

  Study phs000693

• Molecular Analysis of Short- Versus Long-Term Survivors of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma

  The underlying determinants for long-term survival (LTS, ≥10 years) versus short-term survival (STS, <3 years) of patients diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) are largely unknown. The present study sought to identify molecular predictors of LTS for women with HGSC. A cohort of 24 frozen HGSC samples (12 LTS and 12 STS) were collected and analyzed at DNA and RNA levels. Copy number variation and mutation did not indicate large differences between LTS and STS. From RNA-Seq analysis, 11 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the STS and LTS groups (fold change >2; false discovery rate <0.01). In the validation cohort, transmembrane protein 62 (TMEM62) was found to be related to LTS. Our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that restoring TMEM62 may be a novel approach for treatment of HGSC. These findings may have implications for biomarker and intervention strategies to help improve patient outcomes.

  Study phs003020

• ProHealth: Kaiser Permanente Genome-wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer

  A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of prostate cancer (PCa) was conducted in Kaiser Permanente (KP) Northern California health plan members (7,783 cases, 38,595 controls; 80.3% non-Hispanic white, 4.9% African-American, 7.0% East Asian, and 7.8% Latino) [PMID: 26034056]. The data for these members were drawn from three KP cohort studies: Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health (RPGEH) ProHealth, and California Men's Health Study (CMHS) (described further under Study History). Four custom arrays were designed for genotyping, one for each of the four major race-ethnicity groups in the RPGEH cohort: African Americans, East Asians, Latinos, and Non-Hispanic Whites. The number of SNPs and SNP content varied by array, with SNP content designed to maximize the genome-wide coverage of low frequency and more common variants specific to the different race-ethnicity groups, including newly identified SNPs from sequencing projects, and SNPs with established associations with disease phenotypes and risk factors [PMIDs: 21565264, 21903159]. Within the total study cohort, n=34,736 completed a consent which permitted deposition of data to NIH. Genotyping followed the same general procedure described in [PMIDs: 26092718, plus additional quality control (QC) steps for the additional men, in order to control for potential batch and kit effects, described in [PMID: 26034056. Briefly, we first repeated the filters described in [PMID: 26092718] for all four arrays (EUR, LAT, EAS, AFR). Then, on an array-wise basis, we removed SNPs with MAF<0.01, with a call rate<95%, or with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) p-value in homogeneous groups<1x10ˆ-5. Furthermore, on the EUR array, to adjust for potential kit effect, we conducted a GWAS of kit, and removed those kit associated SNPs with p<1x10ˆ-6; we also re-genotyped each of the new samples (those not genotyped with the original GERA data) with some of the original GERA data, and removed SNPs with >13/1,268 (1%) mismatches. For the AFR array, to adjust potential plate batch issues, we conducted a GWAS of whether an individual was in the original GERA data vs. in the newly genotyped data and removed those batch-associated SNPs with p<0.05 (we used a stronger threshold than that used for the EUR array because there were fewer individuals on the AFR array); we also re-genotyped each of the new samples with the original GERA data and removed SNPs with >2/78 (2.6%). After the QC described above, imputation was performed as described in [PMID: 26034056]. Imputation was performed on an array-wise basis, pre-phasing with SHAPE-IT v2.5 [PMID: 22138821], and imputing from the 1000 Genomes Project October 2014 release as a cosmopolitan reference panel with IMPUTE2 [PMID: 22384356]. In addition to the GWAS described above, a nested exome-wide association study (EWAS) of PCa was also conducted (7,489 cases, 7,323 controls; 78% non-Hispanic white, 9% African-American, 3% East Asian, 6% Latino, 4% Other). A custom EWAS array primarily focused on rare variants was designed for genotyping that complemented the GWAS arrays [PMID: 26034056]. The EWAS array content included missense and loss-of-function mutations, and rare exonic mutations from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and dbGaP prostate cancer tumor exomes [PMID: 26544944; PMID: 26544944]. Much of the EWAS array design content overlapped with the probesets on the UK Biobank Affymetrix Axiom array [PMID: 30305743]. Genotyping and QC steps taken to filter out samples exhibiting low quality and variants with low call rates are described in Emami et al., 2020 [biorXiv]. The resulting EWAS array genotypes are provided here.

  Study phs001221

• WES data from patient samples at the stage of NDMM and EMM and normal samples

  This contains the raw Whole Exome sequencing data used for the publication

  Study EGAS50000000036

• DNA Methylation-based diagnostic biomarkers for ESCC in Han Chinese population

  DNA methylation-based biomarkers were suggested to be promising for early cancer diagnosis. However, DNA methylation-based biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), especially in Chinese Han populations have not been identified and evaluated quantitatively. To identify the candidate DNA-methylation based biomarkers for ESCC diagnosis, we performed the targeted bisulfite sequencing analysis in this study. Based on these 94 pairs of ESCC tumors and adjacent normal tissues, we found out that ADHFE1, EOMES, SALL1 and TFPI2 could be an effective methylation-based assay for ESCC diagnosis.

  Study EGAS00001003158

• Integrative Multi-Omics and Drug Sensitivity Profiling Reveals Potential Predictive Biomarkers in Pediatric Solid Tumors from the INFORM Registry

  Cure rates for childhood malignancies using established therapy protocols have increased to an average of 80% but have reached a plateau. Moreover, survival rates are particularly low for some pediatric tumors (such as high-risk Group3 medulloblastomas, osteosarcomas, Ewing sarcomas, high-risk neuroblastomas and high-grade gliomas) and dismal for patients with relapsed malignancies. A functional drug response profiling platform for pediatric solid and brain tumors has been established within the INFORM program to identify patient-specific vulnerabilities, biomarkers and unravel molecular mechanisms associated with drug response profiles for clinical translation. Here, we perform a multi-omics analysis using drug sensitivity profiles, genomic, and transcriptomic data of 81 pediatric solid tumor samples. The integrative analysis revealed two multi-omics signatures with high drug sensitivity predictivity. One signature highlighted neuroblastoma samples with sensitivity to navitoclax (a BCL-2 family inhibitor). A second signature was significantly specific to a subset of Wilms tumors harboring the SIX1 (Q177R) hotspot mutation, which had high expression of MGAM, PTPN14, STAT4 and KDM2B and high sensitivity to MEK inhibitors. A patient-specific causal interaction network analysis elucidated the potential biological mechanism of action between MEK inhibitors and the SIX1 mutation in n = 6 Wilms tumor samples.

  Study EGAS00001008249

• An Organoid Biobank of Rare Human Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Enables Genotype-Phenotype Mapping

  We performed whole genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing of neuroendocrine neoplasm. The aim of this study was to provide genetic landscape of neuroendocrine neoplasm, to construct available animal models, and to engineer neuroendocrine neoplasm from normal colon epithelium. The reference genomes used are GRCh37 for whole genome sequencing and GRCh38 for RNA-sequencing.

  Study JGAS000237

• Variables of diversity, clonality, V and J usage and main COVID-19-reactive GLIPH2 frequencies.

  Main results of the T cell repertorie analysis of a cohort of 61 patients. For each patient, repertorie diversity and clonality metrics, V an J alelle frequency and COVID-19-reactive sequencies have been calculated using open.source code. For more information about the study, please visit DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00654-0

  Study EGAS50000000587

• Non Dystrophic Myotonias: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Longitudinal

  NMD are rare ion channel disorders. The optimal management and treatment of these disorders are not known. This multi-center proposal will allow the prospective collection of standardized data from a critical number of patients to help better define the clinical features of NDM. The data will also be used to establish clinically relevant endpoints for use in therapeutic trials. The identification and genetic characterization of patients will facilitate recruitment of participants for future therapeutic trials. Ultimately, the information gained will lead to the improvements in the treatment and management of NMD with an associated reduction in morbidity and improvement in patient quality of life.

  Study phs000578

• The Role of Germline Mutation and Parental Age in Autism Spectrum Disorders

  <p>We will apply whole genome sequencing of trio families to determine how patterns of germline mutation throughout the genome determine risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We will investigate the nature intrinsic hypermutability and the extrinsic forces, such as paternal age, that influence rates of germline mutation. We will accomplish these goals through the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1 will characterize germline de novo mutations (DNMs) by whole genome sequencing in families. These studies will identify and validate ~8,000 de novo point mutations and structural variants in trios and controls to determine the parent of origin of DNMs. Specific Aim 2 will identify hot spots for germline mutation based on the regional density of DNMs in the genome, and determine the effects of DNA sequence features on rates of mutation. We will determine the association of mutation hotspots with ASD in the discovery sample and in genomic datasets from an independent sample of 2700 cases and 2700 controls. Specific Aim 3 will characterize the effects of extrinsic factors, including parental age and environment, on genome-wide rates of mutation. We will quantify the effect of paternal age on pathogenic and neutral alleles in sperm and investigate whether some DNMs confer a germline selective advantage. The findings of this study will provide fundamental insights into the genetic basis of autism risk and the genetic mechanism of the observed parental age effects in ASD. We will identify genes that confer significant risk for autism, and we will determine how intrinsic properties of the genome interact with extrinsic forces to determining risk for disease in offspring.

  Study phs001164

• Development of Novel Synovial Sarcoma Organoids Models for Drug Discovery

  Although synovial sarcoma has been studied using established cell lines and mouse models, effective treatments remain limited. We treated five patients with synovial sarcoma between 2022 and 2023 and established organoid cultures from resected tumor specimens using a modified air-liquid interface method. After serial passaging, organoids were successfully xenografted into NOD-scid IL2Rgnull (NSG) mice in three cases. The established organoids retained SS18-SSX fusion transcripts and demonstrated histological and genetic similarities to the original tumors. These organoid models provide a reliable platform for studying synovial sarcoma biology and hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

  Study JGAS000806

• APCDR Uganda GWAS: Genome-wide sequence variation and susceptibility loci for cardiometabolic traits in a sub-Saharan African population (UGWAS component)

  Genomic studies in African populations provide unique opportunities to understand disease aetiology, human genetic diversity and population history in a regional and a global context. To leverage the relative benefits of different strategies, we undertook a combined approach of genotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in a population-based study of 6,400 individuals from a geographically defined rural community in South-West Uganda. We present data from 4,778 individuals with genotypes for ~2.2 million SNPs from the Uganda GWAS resource (UGWAS), and sequence data on up to 1,978 individuals spanning 41.5M SNPs and 4.5M indels (UG2G); 343 individuals overlap between the two datasets. We highlight the value of the largest sequence panel from Africa to date as a global resource for variant discovery, imputation and understanding the mutational spectrum and its clinical relevance in African populations. Alongside phenotype data, we provide a rich new genomic resource for researchers in Africa and globally.

  Study EGAS00001001558

• Clinical Cancer Sequencing

  Translating whole exome sequencing (WES) for prospective clinical use may impact the care of cancer patients; however, multiple innovations are necessary for clinical implementation. These include: (1) rapid and robust WES from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue, (2) analytical output similar to data from frozen samples, and (3) clinical interpretation of WES data for prospective use. In this study, we describe a prospective clinical WES platform for archival FFPE tumor samples. The platform employs computational methods for effective clinical analysis and interpretation of WES data. When applied retrospectively to 511 exomes, the interpretative framework revealed a "long tail" of somatic alterations in clinically important genes. Prospective application of this approach identified clinically relevant alterations in 15/16 patients. Overall, this methodology may inform the widespread implementation of precision cancer medicine.

  Study phs000694

• Tumor detection by analysis of both symmetric- and hemi-methylation of plasma cell-free DNA

  Aberrant DNA methylation plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. While DNA methylation has been used for cancer detection and classification, DNA hemi-methylation, a novel epigenetic mark has not been analyzed extensively in cancer epigenomes. Here we report a strand-specific (ss) sequencing method (MeDIP-Seq) for plasma cell free (cf) DNA (sscf-MeDIP-Seq), which can analyze both symmetrically methylated DNA regions (DMRs) as well as hemi-methylated regions (DHMRs). Using the sscf-MeDIP-Seq method, we analyzed plasma cfDNA methylomes of 271 samples from subjects with liver cancer and brain cancer and from individuals without cancer (controls). Among them, 215 samples were chosen as the discovery cohort for the identification of DMRs and DHMRs specific in each subject group and for the training of machine learning models of multi-cancer detection (MCD) using DMRs, DHMRs and DMRs+DHMRs as inputs. These models were then used to predict the 56 samples in the validation cohort. We found that models trained with DMRs+DHMRs as inputs in general outperformed models trained with DMRs or DHMRs alone, with AUROC being 0.971, 0.981, and 0.99 in predicting control, liver and brain cancer samples in the validation cohort, respectively, by the DMR+DHMR-trained models.

  Study phs003462

• Metastatic_breast_cancer_targeted_gene_screen

  The samples will be sequenced for a targeted panel of cancer relevant genes (n ~ 370) and analysed for somatic mutations.

  Study EGAS00001000704

• scRNA-seq of HSPC treated with gemcitabine and carbplatin

  The study used cryopreserved hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) harvested from one patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The cells were thawed and acclimatized for 48 hours in StemMACS HSC Expansion Media XF (Miltenyi Biotec) supplemented with StemMACS HSC Expansion Cocktail (Miltenyi Biotec) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. 4 samples of 2000000 HSPCs in 2 ml media each were then prepared and treated for 24 hours: carboplatin-high: 150 µg/ml carboplatin carboplatin-low: 18.75 µg/ml carboplatin gemcitabine: 25 ng/ml gemcitabine control: no drug Single-cells were subsequently extracted using the ddSEQ™ Single-Cell Isolator (Bio-Rad) and later sequenced using the SureCell™ Whole Transcriptome Analysis 3' Library Prep Kit (Illumina) on the NextSeq 500 System (Illumina) using the NextSeq 500/550 High Output Kit v2.5 150 Cycles (Illumina) all following the manufacturer's instructions. FASTQ-files were then processed following the ddSeeker (Romagnoli, D., et al., BMC Genomics 2018, doi:10.1186/s12864-018-5249-x) and Drop-seq (Macosko, E.Z., et al., Cell 2015, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.002) protocols for processing scRNA-seq data to yield the final digital gene expression for each cell.

  Study EGAS00001004381

• DNA sequencing for human normal endometrial glands

  To elucidate the timing and mechanism of the clonal expansion of somatic mutations in cancer-associated genes in the normal endometrium, we conducted whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing for 56 endometrial glands and matched blood samples from 4 women. By collecting endometrial glands from different parts of the endometrium, we showed that multiple glands with the same somatic mutations occupied substantial areas of the endometrium.

  Study EGAS00001005822

• The application of RNA sequencing for the diagnosis and genomic classification of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  RNA-seq data for ALL patients as described in "The application of RNA sequencing for the diagnosis and genomic classification of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia"

  Dataset EGAD00001006335

• Profiling Chromatin Accessibility in Humans Using Adenine Methylation and Long-Read Sequencing

  This dataset includes raw nanopore, base-called, and 6mA frequency data for EcoGII-treated NA12878 and MCF7 chromatin samples. It also includes raw nanopore data for the HG002 EcoGII-treated DNA.

  Study EGAS00001007852

• Sensitive and robust liquid biopsy-based detection of PIK3CA mutations

  Over the last years, the treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer patients has dramatically changed. Combination strategies attempting to overcome resistance to endocrine therapy such as targeting the PI3 kinase pathway are gaining importance. The phase III SOLAR-1 trial demonstrated the benefit of the addition of alpelisib to fulvestrant, thereby providing further clinical evidence of the increasing importance of PIK3CA testing. Here, we performed a comparison of liquid biopsy and tissue-based detection of PIK3CA mutations in HR-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. Plasma samples and the latest available tumor tissue from 69 patients with metastatic hormone-receptor positive breast cancer were analyzed for PIK3CA hotspot mutations. A high-resolution NGS assay (SiMSen-Seq) was used for plasma samples covering 11 recurrent PIK3CA mutations, used for stratification in SOLAR-1. Additionally, mFAST-SeqS was used to estimate the tumor fractions in the plasma samples. For tumor tissue samples, targeted Ion Torrent NGS was employed. Matched tissue and plasma samples were available from 63 patients. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 46.1% of the tissue samples and in 50.7% of the plasma samples. The variant allele frequency (VAF) ranged from 4.36% to 72.93% with a median of 28.60% in tissue samples, and from 0.28% to 49.85% with a median of 1.17% in plasma samples. The most frequent variants in tissue and plasma were H1047R, E545K, and E542K. We detected at least one of 11 PIK3CA mutations from the SOLAR-1 trial in 51/63 patients, both in tissue and plasma. In 7 patients, such mutations were found only in plasma. In 5 patients, PIK3CA mutations found in tissue were not detectable in ctDNA, 2 of which had a low tumor fraction.Together, in 33/67 plasma samples without detectable PIK3CA mutations, 18 samples had elevated tumor fraction, implicating true negative results. In the remaining 15 patients with low tumor fraction, additional tissue analysis was needed. SiMSen-Seq-based detection of PIK3CA mutations in plasma shows advantageous concordance with the tissue analyses. A combination with an untargeted, mutation-independent approach for detecting ctDNA fractions may confirm a negative PIK3CA result and thereby enhance the performance of the SiMSen-Seq test. This combinatory approach for selecting suitable patients for alpelisib treatment should be validated in larger patient cohorts.

  Study EGAS00001004940

• Performance Characteristics of Selective Targeted Enrichment in Genetic Diagnostic Testing

  The Nex-StoCT and ACMG recommend that validation of an NGS-based diagnostic test include performance test characteristics for assay accuracy, analytical sensitivity and specificity, reproducibility and repeatability. To measure these parameters for the GEDi capture and sequencing test, 4 samples (three randomly selected patient samples and the NA12878 HapMap sample) were prepared and sequenced in triplicate on each of three separate days. We also performed WES and SNP array genotyping analyses of these 4 samples using Agilent V4+UTR whole exome enrichment kit and Illumina Omni 2.5 SNP arrays, respectively.

  Study phs000798

• Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Bladder Cancer Risk

  This meta-analysis consists of genome-wide genotype for 13,447 cases and 342,580 controls of European ancestry to identify novel susceptibility loci for bladder cancer. Cases were defined as histologically confirmed primary carcinoma of the urinary bladder of all stages, including carcinoma in situ (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, C670-C679, 188). All histologic subtypes were included. Summary-level results for the association between genotyped/imputed variants and risk of bladder cancer are included.

  Study phs003342

• Association Between Telomere Length and Falciparum Malaria Endemicity in Sub-Saharan Africans

  The goal of this study was to identify the genetic and environmental drivers of telomere length variation in an ethnically diverse African cohort. It comprises 1,818 participants from Cameroon, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Botswana. For each participant, leukocyte telomere length was measured using the Southern blotting of the terminal restriction fragment methodology. 1,758 of the individuals with phenotype data also had genetic data, and these individuals were subjected to a genome-wide association study which accounted for age, sex, and genetic relatedness. Individuals were genotyped on one of two genotyping arrays (Illumina Infinium Omni5 array or Illumina H3Africa consortium array). Genetic datasets were merged, and missing genotypes were imputed for a final genetic dataset of 11,001,107 genetic variants. Correlations between telomere length and a variety of environmental factors, including malaria endemicity, were also examined in this study.

  Study phs003567

• Genome-wide Association Study of Myasthenia Gravis

  The purpose of this project was to conduct a genome-wide associate study to search for the genetic factors that predispose to myasthenia gravis. The rationale for this study lies in the fact that, although the immunological and physiological processes affecting the neuromuscular junctions of myasthenia gravis patients are well understood, the spectrum of genetic factors that predispose to myasthenia gravis and influence its disease manifestations are not well known. Identification of the myasthenia gravis-related genes will shed light on the fundamental cellular events underlying myasthenia gravis, and will provide focus for research aimed at developing therapies that alter the natural course of the disease. A consortium of fourteen institutions in North America collected DNA samples from 1028 people diagnosed with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Relevant clinical data have been collected for each patient, including age of onset, severity of disease, response to drug therapy, personal and family history of other autoimmune diseases. Genotyping of the case cohort was performed in the Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Genotyping of the case cohort was performed using the HumanOmniExpress-12v1_C SNP array manufactured by Illumina Inc. For the control cohort, we downloaded genotype data from dbGAP (accession phs000196.v2.p1) for 1,998 US neurologically normal individuals. The control cohort had been previously genotyped at the Center for Inherited Disease Research at Johns Hopkins University on HumanOmni1-Quad version 1.0B beadchips (Illumina) as part of the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium GWAS of Parkinson's disease. Analyses were confined to the 677,673 autosomal SNPs that were common to both chips. Of the 1028 samples which were genotyped, 21 samples were excluded due to mismatched genders, 9 were excluded due to low genotype call rate, 5 samples were excluded as duplicates, and 25 samples were excluded as ethnic outliers. The remaining 972 samples were used in analysis.

  Study phs000726

• scRNA seq and scTCR seq data from 5 melanoma patients

  The Chromium Controller and Chromium X platfor of 10X Genomics were used for single cell partitioning and barcoding. Each cell's transcriptome was barcoded during reverse transcription, pooled cDNA was amplified and Single Cell 5' Gene Expression (GEX), V(D)J and Feature Barcode (FB) Libraries were prepared according to the manufacturer's protocols (CG000330 and CG000331, 10X Genomics). All libraries were quantified and normalized on library QC data generated on the Bioanalyzer system according to manufacturer's protocols (G2938-90321 and G2938-90024, Agilent Technologies). Based on the expected target cell counts, a balanced library sub-pool of samples was compsed for SC5'GEX, V(D)J and FB libraries. Library sub-pools were quantified by qPCR, accodring to the KAPA Library Quantification Kit Illumina(R) Platforms protocol (KR0405, KAPA Biosystems). Based on qPCR results a final sequencing pool was composed. Paired end sequencing was performed on a NovaSeq 6000 Instrument (Illumina) using NovaSeq 6000 Reagent Kits v1.5 100 cycles (cat. no. 20028401, 20028319, 20028316 Illumina), using 28 cycles for Read 1, 10 cycles for Read i7, 10 cycles for Read i5 and 90 cycles for Read 2.

  Dataset EGAD50000001155

• Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD)

  The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease was initiated in 1977 to determine the natural history of sickle cell disease (SCD) from birth to death in order to identify those factors contributing to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Specific objectives included: 1) to study the effect of sickle cell disease on growth and development from birth through adolescence 2) to study the conditions or events that may be related to the onset of painful crises 3) to obtain data on the nature, duration, and outcome of major complications of SCD 4) determine the nature, prevalence, and age- related incidence of organ damage due to SCD, and 5) study the role of SCD and its interaction with selected health events.Phases 2 and 3 of the study involved followup of the infant cohort. A total of 709 infants (age less than 6 months) were enrolled during Phase 1 of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD), and Phases 2 and 3 of the CSSCD was designed to follow these children for an additional 10 years. The study objectives included: 1) define prospectively the natural history of sickle cell disease; 2) determine the relationships between cognitive and academic functioning and brain status as determined by MRI; 3) determine the cognitive or behavioral markers of silent infarct; 4) determine the relationship of family functioning on the Family Environment Scale (FES) to brain status, cognitive functioning, and social and demographic factors; 5) continue studies that will enhance the state of knowledge on the influence of sickle cell disease on the psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents. Phase 2A of the study sought to examine the progression of organ damage in the heart, lung, kidney, and liver in adult cohort patients (born before 1/1/56) enrolled in phase 1 of the study between 3/79 and 5/81. A total of 620 patients from 11 centers were eligible for phase 2A.Instructions for requesting individual-level data are available on BioData Catalyst at https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/data/. Apply for data access in dbGaP. Upon approval, users may begin accessing requested data in BioData Catalyst. For questions about availability, you may contact the BioData Catalyst team at https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/contact.

  Study phs002362

• Epigenetics/genetics of the patient-derived xenografts of pediatric T-cell leukemia

  We compared 12 pediatric T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias collected at initial diagnosis and relapse with their corresponding PDX models. The analysis was performed on genomic level (whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES), multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA), targeted sequencing) and the epigenetic level (DNA methylation, Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq)). In sum, this study underlines the remarkable genomic stability, and for the first time documents the preservation of the epigenomic landscape in T-ALL-derived PDX models.

  Study EGAS00001003248

• The Pioneer 100 Wellness Project (P100)

  108 individuals (age 21-89+ years; 59% males, 41% females; 89% Caucasian; not recruited based on any specific phenotype) participated in an IRB-approved study from April 2014 to January 2015. Each individual had the genome sequenced in full. Blood was collected in clinics every three months. Additionally, participants completed at-home collections of saliva, stool, and first morning void urine every three months. Stool and saliva samples were shipped directly to the vendor by the participant, while urine was given back to the study coordinators for distribution to the proper sample vendor. For each successful participant in each round we carried out 218 clinical laboratory tests, measured up to 643 metabolites and 262 proteins, and measured the abundance of 4616 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing. The P100 study had four objectives: 1) Establish cost-efficient procedures for generating, storing and analyzing multiple sources of health data obtained over time from participants and analyzed in combination with genomic data; 2) Develop and deploy analytic tools for integrating these diverse datasets and deriving actionable information from their observed interrelationships; 3) Identify novel patterns within the streams of health data that indicate either wellness, or transitions between wellness and disease; 4) Learn how to best interface with and present longitudinal health information to individuals by studying the reactions and feedback from participants as they are presented actionable information.

  Study phs001363

• Bulk and Single-Nuclei RNA-seq with ATAC-seq of Breast Tumors Pre- and Post-Palbo ciclib/Endocrine Therapy

  This dataset comprises bulk and single-nuclei multiomic profiles from patients with ER+/HER2- early breast cancer enrolled in the NeoRHEA phase 2 trial. The bulk RNA-seq component includes 78 pre-treatment and 49 post-treatment tumor samples from 97 patients. The single-nuclei component includes matched pre- and post-treatment samples from 37 patients, totaling 63 samples analyzed by simultaneous snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq. Combined, the data contains bulk transcriptional profiles and single-nuclei gene expression/chromatin accessibility matrices for over 226,000 high-quality nuclei, encompassing tumor, immune, and stromal cells. Technologies used include Illumina NovaSeq 6000 for sequencing and the 10x Genomics Chromium platform (Multiome kit for single-nuclei, standard RNA library prep for bulk).

  Dataset EGAD50000002038

• Spatial heterogeneity in medulloblastoma

  Spatial heterogeneity of transcriptional and genetic markers between physically isolated biopsies of a single tumor poses major barriers to the identification of biomarkers and the development of targeted therapies that will be effective against the entire tumor. We analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of multiregional biopsies from 35 patients, using a combination of transcriptomic and genomic profiles. Medulloblastomas (MBs), but not high-grade gliomas (HGGs), demonstrated spatially homogeneous transcriptomes, which allowed for accurate subgrouping of tumors from a single biopsy. Conversely, somatic mutations that affect genes suitable for targeted therapeutics demonstrated high levels of spatial heterogeneity in MB, malignant glioma, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Actionable targets found in a single MB biopsy were seldom clonal across the entire tumor,which brings the efficacy of monotherapies against a single target into question. Clinical trials of targeted therapies for MB should first ensure the spatially ubiquitous nature of the target mutation.

  Study EGAS00001001014

• Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics (YCMG)

  From 2012-2021, Yale University was home to one of four national centers created by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to study the genetics of rare inherited diseases. Researchers at Yale University, University of Washington, the Broad Institute and a center operated jointly by Baylor University and Johns Hopkins University analyzed the genomes of thousands of patients who suffer from more than 6,000 rare Mendelian disorders affecting more than 25 million individuals in United States. The Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMG) applied next-generation sequencing and computational approaches to discover the genes and variants that underlie Mendelian disorders. The discovery of new genes that cause Mendelian conditions expanded our understanding about their biology to facilitate their diagnosis, and potentially indicate new treatments. The CMG provided free exome sequencing and analysis to collaborating investigators for qualified phenotypes.

  Study phs000744

• NHLBI TOPMed: Whole Genome Sequencing of Venous Thromboembolism (WGS of VTE)

  This study consists of 338 VTE cases from an inception cohort of Olmsted County, MN residents (OC) with a first lifetime objectively-diagnosed idiopathic VTE during the 40-year study period, 1966-2005. All living study subjects were invited to provide a whole blood sample at the Mayo Clinical Research Unit for leukocyte genomic DNA and plasma collection. For living study subjects who did not provide a blood sample, we retrieved any leftover blood ("waste" blood) from samples collected as part of routine clinical diagnostic testing and used this to extract DNA after obtaining patient consent. For deceased cases, with IRB approval, we extracted DNA from any available stored tissue within the Mayo Tissue Archive. This "tissue" DNA has been successfully genotyped in prior studies. Three trained and experienced study nurse abstractors reviewed the complete medical records in the community of all potential cases. Note: WGS sample IDs for the previous GENEVA study cases (phs000289) are included in this dataset. The phenotypes for the GENEVA study are located under the above phs number.

  Study phs001402

• Genetic Modifiers of Syndromic Orofacial Clefts

  Reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are common, but poorly understood, features of most monogenic diseases. Genetic modifiers are possible factors to contribute to this phenotypic variability and blur the traditional distinction between monogenic and complex disease. This study focuses on the most common orofacial cleft syndrome (Van der Woude syndrome, VWS) and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (OFCs), which intersect both in phenotype and in genetic etiology, as a model to understand reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. VWS occurs in 1 in 35,000 individuals and accounts for 2% of all OFCs. The features of VWS include an OFC and/or lower lip pits, but 15% of VWS patients present with an isolated OFC, making them indistinguishable from nonsyndromic OFC patients. Mutations in the genes IRF6 or GRHL3 cause VWS, but approximately 20% of VWS patients currently lack a molecular diagnosis. Furthermore, there are few genotype-phenotype correlations for known mutations and patient phenotypes. By contrast, GWAS of nonsyndromic OFCs have identified a number of risk factors, some of which we have shown increase risk for specific types of OFCs or act as modifiers of OFC subtypes. Whole genome sequencing will be used to identify the remaining genetic mutations for VWS, determine the relationship between those genes/regions with nonsyndromic OFCs, and identify rare and common modifiers of VWS and OFC phenotypes. These analyses will provide further insight into the genetic architecture of VWS and OFCs and will serve as a model for exploring links between other Mendelian disorders that share phenotypes with complex traits.

  Study phs002221

• Biological insights from the whole genome sequences of human embryonic stem cell lines

  Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a powerful tool for the study of human development and can form the basis of cellular disease models or therapies. However, the genetic make-up and stability of hESCs has not been systematically studied at a genome-wide level with single nucleotide resolution. We therefore sequenced the whole genome and whole exomes of widely available hESC. This online resource will enable investigators to access raw sequencing data in order to interrogate cell lines for different disease- and trait-associated genetic variants.

  Study EGAS00001002400

• Synthetic data - Genome in a Bottle

  In May, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released its first genome in a bottle, a reference sample of DNA for validating human genome sequences. This so-called truth sequence comes from a decades-old sample donated by a Utah woman for (other) research purposes (NA12878 cell line), which, over the years, has been one of the most studied, and hence best-characterized, human samples. Seeing genomic medicine moving toward mainstream healthcare, researchers at NIST recognized the need for a reference human genome and assembled a private-public consortium in 2012 to create one. As detailed in a 2014 Nature Biotechnology paper (Nat. Biotechnol.32, 246–251, 2014), the group integrated and arbitrated among sequences from 14 data sets, five sequencing technologies, seven read mappers and three variant callers.

  Study EGAS00001005591

• Dataset developed for use with EOSC4Cancer of synthetic colorectal cancer tumor/normal pairs.

  This dataset contains 10 tumor and normal pairs synthetic WGS data of colorectal cancer that were simulated in a standard format of Illumina paired-end reads. The NEAT read simulator (version 3.0, https://github.com/zstephens/neat-genreads) was utilized to synthetize these 10 pairs of tumor and normal WGS data. In the procedure of data generation, simulated parameters (i.e., sequencing error statistics, read fragment length distribution and GC% coverage bias) were learned from data models provided by NEAT. The average sequencing depth for tumor and normal samples aimed to reach around 110X and 60X, respectively. For generation of synthetic normal WGS data per each sample, a germline variant profile from a real patient was down-sampled randomly, representing 50% germline variants of a given patient. These were mixed with the other 50% in silico germline variants that were modelled randomly using an average mutation rate (0.001), finally constituting a full germline profile for normal synthetic WGS data. For generation of synthetic tumor WGS data per each sample, a pre-defined somatic short variant profile (SNVs+Indels) learnt from a real CRC patient was added to the germline variant profile used for creating the normal synthetic WGS data of the same patient, consisting of the variants for tumor sample. Neither copy number profile nor structural variation profile was introduced into the tumor synthetic WGS data. Tumor content and ploidy were assumed to be 100% and 2, respectively. For mapping/variant detection, the Sarek pipeline v3.1.2 (https://nf-co.re/sarek/3.1.2) was used, specifically: 1. BWA v0.7.17-r1188 for read mapping 2. GATK v4.3.0.0 for pre-processing BAM file (including markduplicates and recalibration). 2. Mutect2 (GATK v4.3.0.0) for somatic variant calling 3. Strelka2 v2.9.10 for germline and somatic variant calling Metadata information of 10 CRC patients used for the generation of synthetic normal and tumor WGS data: Patient_id Tumor_barcode Normal_barcode Age Sex Tissue Cancer SIM007 SIM007_T SIM007_N 71 F Rectal Primary CRC SIM008 SIM008_T SIM008_N 45 F Colon Neuroendocrine Metastasis CRC SIM010 SIM010_T SIM010_N 62 M Colon Metastasis CRC SIM011 SIM011_T SIM011_N 55 M Colon Neuroendocrine Metastasis CRC SIM012 SIM012_T SIM012_N 57 M Rectal Metastasis CRC SIM013 SIM013_T SIM013_N 69 M Colon Metastasis CRC SIM014 SIM014_T SIM014_N 68 M Colon Neuroendocrine primary CRC SIM015 SIM015_T SIM015_N 58 F Colon Primary CRC SIM016 SIM016_T SIM016_N 49 M Colon/Rectal Primary CRC SIM017 SIM017_T SIM017_N 78 M Colon Neuroendocrine primary CRC

  Dataset EGAD50000000564

• Single-cell DNA sequencing on Pediatric MDS

  Single-cell DNA sequencing with antibody-oligonucleotide staining was performed using the Mission Bio Tapestri single-cell DNA sequencing platform, per the manufacturer’s instructions. All libraries were sized and quantified using an Agilent Bioanalyzer and pooled for sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq6000 with 150 base-paired ending multiplexed runs. Fastq files generated by the sequencers were processed using the Tapestri Pipeline V2 and included adapter trimming, sequence alignment (BWA), barcode correction, cell finding, and variant calling (GATK v4/Haplotypecaller). FastQ files are provided for the 5 samples that were processed using the aforementioned pipeline.

  Study EGAS00001005433

• Puerto Rico Heart Health Program (PRHHP-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Objectives: To investigate morbidity and mortality from Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in Puerto Rican rural and urban men. The objectives of the study were: (1) to identify factors related to the development of CHD, (2) compare the etiology of disease in rural versus urban men, and (3) determine the prevalence and incidence of CHD and other cardiovascular diseases in Puerto Rican males.Background: As Puerto Rico became more industrialized in the 1940s and 1950s, mortality rates for CHD increased. Since many factors related to CHD can be relatively homogenous within a population, two contrasting subgroups were selected for study in Puerto Rico: a rural population of men from a mountainous community and an urban population selected from San Juan. The NHLBI initiated the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program in May, 1965 as a prospective study of lifestyle, environmental and biological factors in the progression of cardiovascular disease in Puerto Rican men.Participants: A total of 9,824 (2,976 rural, 6,848 urban) men, age 45 to 64 were examined at the baseline exam.Design: The examination consisted of standardized questionnaires to determine education, occupation, smoking habits, and physical activity. Trained interviewers conducted a nutritional survey through a 24 hour diet recall. Subjects were also examined to determine prevalent cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular abnormalities. The examination included vital capacity, a 12-lead ECG, and laboratory tests for hematocrit, glucose, serum cholesterol, serum glycercides and lipoprotein electrophoresis. A medical history was also obtained. Three additional exams, approximately three years apart, were conducted and morbidity and mortality follow-up concluded in 1980.

  Study phs003930

• FASTQ files of total RNA-Seq data from the POPS SGA (Small for Gestational Age) samples

  All the samples were obtained from the Pregnancy Outcome Prediction–a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women attending the Rosie Hospital, Cambridge (UK) for their dating ultrasound scan between January 14, 2008, and July 31, 2012. Ethical approval for the study was given by the Cambridgeshire 2 Research Ethics Committee (reference number 07/H0308/163) and all participants provided written informed consent. Cases of preeclampsia (PET) were defined on the basis of the 2013 ACOG criteria and cases of small for gestational age (SGA)infants were confined to severe SGA, i.e. a customized birth weight <5th percentile. Chorionic villi from the corresponding placentas (free from decidua, visible infarction, calcification, hematoma, or damage) were collected and processed within 30 minutes of separation from the uterus. After repeated washes in chilled phosphate buffered saline, the samples were placed in RNA later (Applied Biosystems) and stored at -80°C. Total placental RNA was extracted using mirVana Isolation Kit (Ambion). For each placenta, approximately 5 mg of tissue were homogenized in the Lysis/Binding solution for 20 sec at 6 m/s using a bead beater (FastPrep24) and Lysing Matrix D Tubes (MP Biomedicals). The samples were then spun at 13,000 rpm for 5 min at 4°C and the supernatants recovered. Afterwards, the manufacturer's instructions were followed. Immediately after the RNA extraction, placental RNA samples were DNase-treated using DNA-free DNA Removal Kit (Ambion), aliquoted, and stored in -80°C. Quantity and quality of the RNA samples were assessed using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, the Agilent RNA 6000 Nano Kit (Agilent Technologies), and Qubit fluorometer. Libraries were prepared starting with 300-500 ng of good quality total RNA (RIN ≥7.5) using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep Kit with Ribo-Zero Human/Mouse/Rat (Illumina), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The kit contains 96 uniquely indexed adapter combinations in order to allow pooling of multiple samples prior to sequencing. After determining their size (with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and the Agilent High Sensitivity DNA Kit by Agilent Technologies) and concentration (by qPCR with the KAPA Illumina ABI Prism Library Quantification Kit, Kapa Biosystems), libraries have been pooled and sequenced (single-end, 125 bp) using a Single End V4 Cluster Kit and an Illumina HiSeq2500 or HiSeq4000 instrument.

  Dataset EGAD00001003507

• Genetic landscape of inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain

  Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in a Spanish cohort of patients. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on IRD affected individuals, referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to all families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain and our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations.

  Study EGAS00001005104

• High Density SNP Association Analysis of Lung Cancer

  This research builds upon an extensive resource of a case-control study that has been ongoing at the UT MD Anderson Cancer Center since 1991. To identify risk variants for lung cancer, we conducted a genome-wide association study. Cases are newly diagnosed, histologically-confirmed patients presenting at MD Anderson Cancer and who had not previously received treatment other than surgery. Controls are healthy individuals seen for routine care at Kelsey-Seybold Clinics, the largest physician group-practice plan in the Houston Metropolitan area. This lung GWAS led to the identification of a susceptibility locus for lung cancer at 15q25.1. We used data from 315,450 tagging SNPs in 1,154 current and former (ever) smoking cases of European ancestry and 1,137 frequency-matched, ever-smoking controls from Houston, Texas in the discovery followed by the replication of the ten SNPs most significantly associated with lung cancer in an additional 711 cases and 632 controls from Texas and 2,013 cases and 3,062 controls from the UK. Two SNPs, rs1051730 and rs8034191, were significantly associated with risk of lung cancer with combined analysis yielded odds ratios of 1.32 (P < 1X10-17) for both SNPs. These two SNPs mapped to a region of strong linkage disequilibrium within 15q25.1 containing PSMA4 and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes CHRNA3 and CHRNA5. (Nat Genet. 2008 May;40(5):616-22. PMID:18385676)

  Study phs000753

• Whole Exome Sequences of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

  Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a powerful tool for the study of human development and can form the basis of cellular disease models or therapies. However, the genetic make-up and stability of hESCs has not been systematically studied at a genome-wide level with single nucleotide resolution. We therefore sequenced the whole exomes of widely available hESCs. The data generated has provided new insights about the nature of acquired variation and the genomic integrity of the cell lines. We anticipate that this online resource will enable investigators to access raw sequencing data in order to interrogate cell lines for different disease and trait-associated genetic variants.

  Study phs001343

• Clonal dynamics of normal haematopoiesis across the human lifespan

  Age-related loss of function in the human haematopoietic system is well documented, manifesting as reduced regenerative capacity, age-related cytopenias and immune dysfunction. However, the cellular and population level changes that underpin both this functional decline and the increased risk of clonal haematopoiesis and blood cancer in the elderly remain elusive. Here we performed whole genome sequencing on >3350 single haematopoietic stem cell / multipotent progenitors (HSC/MPP) derived colonies across 10 haematologically normal subjects aged 0 to 81. We found that HSC/MPPs accumulated 17 single nucleotide variants per year post birth and had a reduction in telomere length of 50bp per year throughout young adult life. We reconstructed phylogenies of the sampled HSC/MPPs to interrogate changes in clonal dynamics through life. Haematopoiesis in adults aged less than 65 was predominantly polyclonal, with few known driver mutations. In contrast, individuals aged over 75 displayed a profound change in clonal structure, with frequent clonal expansions, many unexplained by known driver mutations. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations revealed widespread positive selection, estimating around 1000 driver mutations in the dataset (10-fold more than the number of known drivers). We identified novel genes ZNF318 and HIST2H3D as being under positive selection, despite not being enriched in myeloid malignancies. Our data show that HSC clonal dynamics is more complex than previously thought. One implication is that by old age, the majority of HSCs carry at least one of a number of largely undescribed driver mutations, which may underlie aspects of their functional decline.

  Dataset EGAD00001007851

• Center for Common Disease Genomics [CCDG] - Cardiovascular: TexGen

  Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease, heart failure and cerebrovascular disease remain the leading causes of death in men and women across all race groups in the United States. Substantial evidence exists for genetic factors underlying CVD risk, and their discovery offers an opportunity to enhance understanding of disease mechanisms, to provide specific diagnostic and prognostic indicators, and to identify novel therapeutic targets. The Centers for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG) are a large-scale genome sequencing effort undertaken as a collaboration to identify rare risk and protective alleles for common chronic diseases, with a current focus on early onset heart disease, hemorrhagic stroke, and autism. In this study, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in 6,146 individuals with any personal or family history of CVD from the TexGen study who were recruited from several institutions in the Texas Medical Center located in Houston, Texas. The participants included patients who were admitted with a variety of diagnoses including acute coronary syndromes, strokes, and transient ischemic attacks, or who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (Virani SS et al. Am J Cardiology 107:1504-1509, 2011). Patients in the TexGen cohort with a confirmed diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or CABG when discharged from the hospital between 2001-2008 were eligible for a follow-up study of recurrent myocardial infarction (Virani SS et al. Circulation J 76:950-956, 2012), while those presenting with ACS beginning in 2007 were recruited for an investigation of the role of depressive symptoms in the risk of major adverse coronary events (Sanner J et al. Biol Res Nurs 20:168-176, 2018). In addition, the initial criterion for enrollment in a third TexGen sub-study undertaken between 2007 and 2013 was the occurrence of premature acute myocardial infarction in men ≤ 50 years and women ≤ 55 years in order to establish a blood sample collection resource with the intention of localizing genes that contribute to disease risk. This definition was later expanded to include individuals with a clinical history of premature coronary heart disease such as CABG or percutaneous coronary interventions.

  Study phs003010

• Hi-C and promoter capture Hi-C data

  Hi-C and promoter capture Hi-C data for HT29 and LoVo. 2 replicates per cell line for the Hi-C. 3 replicates per cell line for the CHi-C.

  Dataset EGAD00001003257

• NCI CCSG CCDI Supplement Additional Genomic Submission

  The implementation of targeted therapies for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has been challenging because of the complex mutational patterns within and across patients as well as a dearth of pharmacologic agents for most mutational events. This supplement data from the Beat AML program provides Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) and pediatric tumor specimens not previously released. These data include exome and RNA level characterization as well as analyses of ex vivo drug sensitivity. Collectively, this data can be leveraged to address clinical, genomic, transcriptomic and functional analyses of the biology of leukemia in pediatric and AYA populations.

  Study phs002599

• Cognitively Affected DMD Patients have Unique Methylation Signatures Compared to Cognitively Normal DMD Patients

  The overarching goal of this project was to identify changes in methylation patterns in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with discordant symptoms using whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) from genomic DNA isolated from whole serum. DMD siblings (biological brothers) had the same genetic mutation in the dystrophin gene but with discordance in symptoms such as ambulation, cardiopulmonary function, and cognition. Trios (DMD sibling brothers and biological mother or father) and quartets (DMD sibling brothers and biological mother and father) were recruited for this study for intra- and inter-familial comparisons of the methylation of gene bodies.

  Study phs003118

• Towards standardized whole exome sequencing (WES) for cancer patients: lessons from a multicentric pilot study

  A growing number of druggable targets and national initiatives for precision oncology necessitate broader genomic profiling for many cancer patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) offers unbiased analysis of the entire coding sequence, segmentation-based detection of copy number alterations (CNAs), and accurate determination of complex biomarkers including tumor mutational burden (TMB), homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD), and microsatellite instability (MSI). To assess the inter-institution variability of clinical WES, we performed a comparative pilot study between German Centers of Personalized Medicine (ZPMs) from five participating institutions. Tumor and matched normal DNA from 30 patients were analyzed using custom sequencing protocols and bioinformatic pipelines. Calling of somatic variants was highly concordant with a sensitivity between 91-95% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 82-95% compared with a three-institution consensus and full agreement for 16 of 17 druggable targets. Deviations were observed for cases with low VAF or coverage, differing annotations, and different filter protocols. CNAs showed overall agreement in 76% for the genomic sequence with high wet-lab variability. Complex biomarkers correlated strongly between institutions (HRD: 0.79-1, TMB: 0.97-0.99) and all institutions agreed on microsatellite instability. This study will contribute to the development of quality control frameworks for comprehensive genomic profiling and sheds light onto parameters that require stringent standardization.

  Study EGAS00001007363

• HV31 - Read identifier list for local CCS, CLR, ONT and MGI reads

  This file contains read identifiers for local CCS, CLR, ONT and MGI reads for each of the eight selected genomic regions (HLA, KIR, IGH, IGK, IGL, TRA, TRD, andTRG). We extracted these reads by aligning whole-genome sequencing data to a draft whole-genome de novo assembly, and selecting reads that map to contigs representing each region. These reads were involved in the polishing and validation of the HV31 assembly. Please refer to the relevant manuscript (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.03.429586) for additional details. Read identifiers are stored in JSON format. Along with the full FASTQ files, this file enables convenient re-analysis of the HV31 sequencing data in the eight selected regions.

  Dataset EGAD00001007761

• Molecular Biomarkers in Glioma (Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of Hypermutation in Gliomas)

  This study seeks to genomically and mechanistically examine the basis for resistance of glioblastoma to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy including immunotherapies. The study design addresses two Aims. In Aim 1, we will test the hypothesis that treatment with radiation and temozolomide or other therapies leads to consistent genetic changes in human tumors using whole exome sequencing of paired pre- and post-treatment tumor samples to determine large-scale changes in population structures and single cell whole genome sequencing to evaluate the effects of these treatments on microheterogeneity. In Aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that genetic changes identified in post-treatment glioblastomas (GBMs) functionally contribute to various forms of resistance in GBM using patient derived cell lines (PDCL) and patient derived xenografts (PDX). These studies will create a comprehensive understanding of genetic evolution during standard-of-care therapy for GBM. They will inform diagnostic approaches for assignment of targeted therapeutics in the recurrent setting and identify genetic changes driving resistance. Therapeutic targeting of these novel resistance drivers could represent a rational approach to substantially improve our existing standard of care for GBM patients.

  Study phs001967

• Enhancing Open Data Sharing for Functional Genomics Experiments: Measures to Quantify Genomic Information Leakage and File Formats for Privacy Preservation

  This study was designed to develop methods that address the privacy risk associated with genetic variants obtained from genomic sequencing experiments. The preponderance of readily available genetic sequencing experiments has enabled the generation of datasets whose target purposes range from the genotyping of individuals for medical and forensic analyses, to the acquisition of molecular information for biological model development. However, by virtue of the experimental procedure, the raw sequences are tagged with small bits of patients' private variant information. In addition, depending on the protocol, these experiments may identify sequences from exogenous species. Raw human and microbial sequences can be analyzed as a whole to learn both general facts about biology, but can also be used to determine sensitive information about an individual. This presents a privacy conundrum for data sharing.To address privacy concerns, we have developed several mathematical and computational approaches to quantify the risk of disclosure of sensitive information from genetic sequence data, and to sanitize the associated reads in a manner that optimally maintains the utility of the data. In addition, we have generated environmental samples containing genetic information from consented individuals to evaluate the risk posed by such data. These samples were then used to assess the efficacy of the computational methods. Human-derived and -associated samples that are damaged or obscured by environmental factors represent the scope of samples used for experimentation in this study. Samples include, but were not limited to, swabs of contacted objects and glass slides coated in saliva from consented individuals. Blood samples were also acquired from the same consented individuals to create gold-standard comparison datasets.

  Study phs003166

• Microsatellite data show recent demographic expansions in sedentary but not in nomadic human populations in Africa and Eurasia.

  The transition from hunting and gathering to plant and animal domestication was one of the most important cultural and technological revolutions in human history. According to archeologists and paleoanthropologists, this transition triggered major demographic expansions. However, few genetic studies have found traces of Neolithic expansions in the current repartition of genetic polymorphism, pointing rather toward Paleolithic expansions. Here, we used microsatellite autosomal data to investigate the past demographic history of 87 African and Eurasian human populations with contrasted lifestyles (nomadic hunter-gatherers, semi-nomadic herders and sedentary farmers). Likely due to the combination of a higher mutation rate and the possibility to analyze several loci as independent replicates of the coalescent process, the analysis of microsatellite data allowed us to infer more recent expansions than previous genetic studies, potentially resulting from the Neolithic transition. Despite the variability in their location and environment, we found consistent expansions for all sedentary farmers, while we inferred constant population sizes for all hunter-gatherers and most herders, which could result from constraints linked to a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle and/or competition for land between herders and farmers. As an exception, we inferred expansions for Central Asian herders. This might be linked with the arid environment of this area, which may have been more favorable to nomadic herders than to sedentary farmers. Alternatively, current Central Asian herders may descent from populations who have first experienced a transition from hunter-gathering to sedentary agropastoralism, and then a second transition to nomadic herding.

  Study EGAS00001000652

• Influence of pre-analytical processing on blood protein profiles (AMED-Metabolites)

  The purpose of the present study was to assess the differences between the human serum and plasma proteomes, and the stability of human plasma proteins under different storage conditions following blood collection, by means of SWATH-MS analysis. We compared plasma samples prepared by centrifugation after storage of blood at room temperature for 0, 15 or 30 minutes, or under refrigeration at 0-5?C for 1, 4 or 8 hours.

  Study JGAS000223

• Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa cell tumors of the ovary

  We generated paired-end RNA-Seq data using the Illumina Genome Analyzer II platform for four adult granulosa cell tumours (GCTs) of the ovary (1 primary, 3 recurrent). We screened this data for the presence of GCT specific sequence variants and detected a non-synonymous mutation in the FOXL2 gene that was found to be recurrent in 97% of 89 additional GCTs. To measure genomic stability of the four index cases, we generated Affmetrix SNP 6.0 data and analysed these data for copy number changes. Raw sequence reads as well as Affymetrix CEL files are available to applicants.

  Study EGAS00000000040

• Evaluation of somatic mutations in urine samples as a non-invasive method for the detection and molecular classification of endometrial cancer

  Purpose: Current diagnostic methods for endometrial cancer lack specificity, leading to many women undergoing invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic mutations in urine to accurately discriminate endometrial cancer patients from controls. Experimental Design: Overall, 72 samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing with molecular identifiers targeting 47 genes. We evaluated urine supernatant samples from women with endometrial cancer (n=19) and age-matched controls (n=20). Cell pellets from urine and plasma samples from seven cases were sequenced; further, we also evaluated paired tumor samples from all cases. Finally, immunohistochemical markers for molecular profiling were evaluated in all tumor samples. Results: Overall, we were able to identify mutations in DNA from urine supernatant samples in 100% of endometrial cancers. In contrast, only one control (5%) showed variants at a variant allele frequency (VAF)≥2% in the urine supernatant samples. The molecular classification obtained by using tumor samples and urine samples showed good agreement. Analyses in paired samples revealed a higher number of mutations and VAFs in urine supernatants than in urine cell pellets and blood samples. Conclusions: Evaluation of somatic mutations using urine samples may offer a user-friendly and reliable tool for endometrial cancer detection and molecular classification. The diagnostic performance for endometrial cancer detection was very high, and cases could be molecularly classified using these noninvasive and self-collected samples. Additional multi-center evaluations using larger sample sizes are needed to validate the results and understand the potential of urine samples for the early detection and prognosis of endometrial cancer.

  Study EGAS00001007396

• RNAseq of Colorectal cancer organoid-stroma biobank cohort

  In colorectal cancers (CRC) the tumor microenvironment plays a key role for prognosis and therapy efficacy. Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) show enormous potential for preclinical testing, however, in purely epithelial cultures features including the ‘consensus molecular subtypes’ (CMS) are largely eradicated. To better reflect cell heterogeneity, we established the CRC organoid-stroma biobank of matched PDTOs and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from 30 patients. Context-specific phenotyping showed that xenotransplantation or co-culture with CAFs restores the individual transcriptomic status and instructs subtype-specific stromal gene expression. Furthermore, co-culture exposed CMS4-specific resistance to Gefitinib and SN-38 and revealed prognostic gene expression signatures. Chemogenomic library screening identified patient- and therapy-dependent mechanisms of stromal resistance including MET as common target. Our results demonstrate that CRC phenotypes are encrypted in the cancer epithelium in a plastic fashion that strongly depends on the context. Consequently, CAFs are essential for faithful representation of molecular subtypes and therapy responses ex vivo.

  Study EGAS00001007300

• WES of Colorectal cancer organoid-stroma biobank cohort

  In colorectal cancers (CRC) the tumor microenvironment plays a key role for prognosis and therapy efficacy. Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) show enormous potential for preclinical testing, however, in purely epithelial cultures features including the ‘consensus molecular subtypes’ (CMS) are largely eradicated. To better reflect cell heterogeneity, we established the CRC organoid-stroma biobank of matched PDTOs and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from 30 patients. Context-specific phenotyping showed that xenotransplantation or co-culture with CAFs restores the individual transcriptomic status and instructs subtype-specific stromal gene expression. Furthermore, co-culture exposed CMS4-specific resistance to Gefitinib and SN-38 and revealed prognostic gene expression signatures. Chemogenomic library screening identified patient- and therapy-dependent mechanisms of stromal resistance including MET as common target. Our results demonstrate that CRC phenotypes are encrypted in the cancer epithelium in a plastic fashion that strongly depends on the context. Consequently, CAFs are essential for faithful representation of molecular subtypes and therapy responses ex vivo.

  Study EGAS00001007301

• T cell repertorie analysis fom a Spanish cohort of mild and severe cases of COVID-19 recovered patients

  The cohort included 98 mild and 75 severe cases with a median age of 53 years. We amplified and sequenced the T Cell Receptor (TCR β) chain complementary determining region 3 (CDR3b) and performed bioinformatic analyses to assess repertoire diversity, clonality, allelic usage, and epitope affinity CDR3b clustering. CDR3b sequences were amplified by multiplex PCR and sequenced by Illumina. The resulting raw files were processed for clonotype assembly, filtering for coding clonotypes, removal of non-TRB alleles, and downsampling.

  Study EGAS50000000331

• GCAT | Genomes for life: cohort study of the genomes of Catalonia

  The GCAT Study have recruited 20 000 participants aged 40–65 years. Participants who agreed to take part in the study completed a self-administered computer-driven questionnaire, and underwent blood pressure, cardiac frequency and anthropometry measurements. For each participant, blood plasma, blood serum and white blood cells are collected at baseline. A total of 5459 genomic profiles have been characterised by comprehensive genotyping. Genome-wide genotypes have been generated using Illumina Infinium SNP-bead array technology. We chose the Multi-Ethnic Global (MEGAEX, V.2) consortium array, a multipurpose, multiethnic genotyping array with two million selected markers (including previously described germline mutations, insertions-deletions (InDels) and SNPs).We have strictly followed the standard manufacturer recommended automated protocol for the Infinium HTS Assay scanned with a HiScan confocal scanner (Illumina, San Diego, California, USA). Genome Studio V.2011.1 has been used for raw data analysis. Genotyping was performed at the Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit of the PMPPC Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, in Badalona, Spain. Future plans The first follow-up study started in December 2017 and will end by March 2018. Residences of all subjects will be geocoded during the following year. Several genomic analyses are ongoing, and metabolomic and genomic integrations will be performed to identify underlying genetic variants, as well as environmental factors that influence metabolites. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018324

  Study EGAS00001003018

• PKD1 capture-by-hybridization resequencing for genetic diagnostics of polycystic kidney disease

  We established and validated a sequence capture based NGS testing approach for PKD1. The presence of six PKD1 pseudogenes and tremendous allelic heterogeneity make molecular genetic testing of PKD1 variants challenging. In the publication accompaying this dataset (An efficient and comprehensive strategy for genetic diagnostics of polycystic kidney disease, Eisenberger et.al., PLoS one), we demonstrate that the applied standard mapping algorithm specifically aligns reads to the PKD1 locus and overcomes the complication of unspecific capture of pseudogenes. This dataset contains the raw PKD1 reads of all patients from the publication.

  Dataset EGAD00001001091

• University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics (UW-CMG): Atrioventricular Septal Defects (AVSD) Study

  The Centers for Mendelian Genomics project uses next-generation sequencing and computational approaches to discover the genes and variants that underlie Mendelian conditions. By discovering genes that cause Mendelian conditions, we will expand our understanding of their biology to facilitate diagnosis and new treatments.

  Study phs001774

• Full genome sequencing of a monozygotic twin discordant for schizophrenia

  We sequenced the genomes from a monozygotic twin discordant for schizophrenia and a tumor-normal pair of an ovarian cancer patient. Using whole-genome twin data to discriminate between correctly identified single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and errors a strategy for the accurate detection of SNVs was developed. By applying stringent sequencing quality measures, excluding error-prone regions and selecting SNVs identified by different mapping and variation calling algorithms, error rates were ~37-fold reduced. This enabled us to identify the first discordant SNVs in monozygotic twins using whole-genome sequencing. In addition, by showing that novel SNVs are highly enriched in errors, accurate estimates of the number of novel and rare SNVs occurring in unrelated Caucasian individuals were obtained. Finally, somatic mutations in coding and regulatory sequences were reliably identified in the highly rearranged ovarian tumor. Overall, our data demonstrate that strategies to reduce error rates in whole-genomes are required for disease gene discovery.

  Study EGAS00001000152

• Impact of Race and Genetic Factors on Beta Blocker Effectiveness in Heart Failure

  Heart Failure (HF) continues to be an enormous public health problem, despite the many advances in its pharmacotherapy over the past 25 years. The availability of multiple therapeutic options for HF requires individualization of therapy. However, there are currently insufficient tools to guide the optimal selection of therapy. The expansion of human genomic information has led to exciting new opportunities to improve the selection of drug therapy. In order to evaluate whether genetic variation impacts outcomes and drug response in heart failure, we performed a cohort study of patients with heart failure. Our overall plan was to recruit patients who have heart failure and receive treatment through HAP-HFMG. This allowed us to collect clinical outcomes, and quantify medication adherence via electronic pharmacy claims data. We collected whole blood samples for genetic analysis. We then tested whether genetic variants can predict patient outcomes (survival) in the context of their medical therapy (drug exposure). The primary medications of interest were beta blockers. Outcomes were modeled overall, accounting for the amount of exposure to the agent, and adjusting for baseline characteristics.

  Study phs001501

• WGBS data of solid liver tumor DNA, and WGBS data of cell-free DNA derived from human blood, for CancerDetector study

  The blood samples of four liver cancer patients and four healthy people, and the solid liver tumor samples of two liver cancer patients are collected for this dataset. Blood samples were centrifuged first at 1,600 × g for 10 minutes, and then the plasma was transferred into new micro tubes and centrifuged at 16,000 × g for another 10 minutes. The plasma was collected and stored at -80⁰C. CfDNA was extracted from 5 ml plasma using the Qiagen QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acids Kit and quantified by Qubit 3.0 Fluoromter (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Bisulfite conversion of cfDNA was performed by using EZ-DNA-Methylation-GOLD kit (Zymo Research). After that, Accel-NGS Methy-Seq DNA library kit (Swift Bioscience) was used to prepare the sequencing libraries. The DNA libraries were then sequenced with 150bp paired-end reads.

  Dataset EGAD00001004317

• Comprehensive molecular and clinicopathological profiling of salivary duct carcinoma

  Molecular targets and predictive biomarkers for prognosis in salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) have not fully identified. We conducted comprehensive molecular profiling to discover novel biomarkers for SDC. A total of 67 SDC samples were examined with DNA sequencing of 464 genes and transcriptome analysis in combination with the clinicopathological characteristics of the individuals.

  Study JGAS000534

• NHLBI TOPMed: Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium (PCGC)'s Congenital Heart Disease Biobank

  The Pediatric Cardiovascular Genetics Consortium (PCGC) proposes to define genetic causes for congenital heart defects (CHD) as part of the TOPMed Program are the most common form of heart disease in childhood and are also the most prevalent form of birth defects, occurring in 2-3% of live births. The PCGC has recruited and clinically characterized = 10,000 CHD probands and parents (CHD trios). From whole exome sequencing (WES) of >2800 CHD trios, we identified a substantial enrichment of damaging de novo mutations in genes important for cardiogenesis, particularly implicating histone modifier enzyme gene defects. Analysis of whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 350 probands with CHD unexplained by WES and their parents preliminarily implicated de novo mutations in enhancers of genes previously shown to cause CHD in mouse knock out models. Sequencing of RNA (RNAseq) from discarded cardiac tissues from CHD probands has revealed likely causal allele-specific expression (ASE) as well as biallelic loss of expression (LOE). We have also discovered de novo epimutations, differentially methylated regions (DMRs), some with underlying de novo DNA variation, that are detectable in peripheral blood leukocytes and appear to underlie 10% of CHD. Of note, these assorted 'omic' approaches have enabled one another, both for attributing causality and assessing functional impact. Based on these extensive preliminary data, we hypothesize that PCGC probands with uninformative exomic analyses (WES-negative) harbor de novo genetic and/or epigenetic mutations in critical regulatory elements that participate in developmental expression of cardiac genes. To identify these etiologies, we propose analyses of WGS in 1000 WES-negative CHD trios, prioritizing those with probands with banked CHD tissues (n=78), one damaging variant in a recessive CHD gene, and older fathers (age>45). We also request WGS for 230 probands, for whom we have cardiac tissues but not parental DNAs. We request RNAseq for 308 cardiac tissues. For DNA methylation, which TOPMed will offer through the Illumina 850k array platform, we are requesting analysis of DNAs from peripheral blood leukocytes for all probands for whom WGS will be performed (1000 from trios, 230 singletons) as well as DNAs from cardiac tissues (n=308) to pair with the WGS, RNAseq and blood DNA methylation data. We will use existing resources and capabilities of the PCGC to confirm relevant mutations and those of its companion consortium in the Bench to Bassinet Program, the Cardiovascular Development Consortium, to inform analyses of non-coding mutations as well as to perform confirmatory functional genomics studies using cell and animal models. We expect that the studies resulting from data generated through TOPMed will provide novel insights into the molecular basis for CHD and fundamental knowledge about genes and pathways involved in cardiac development. Aside from being relevant to CHD, we anticipate that our findings will inform the understanding of later-onset cardiovascular diseases, including some arising in adulthood.

  Study phs001735

• Enhanced cortical neural stem cell identity through SMAD/WNT inhibition in human cerebral organoids facilitates emergence of outer radial glial cells

  For scRNA-Seq, single live cells were suspended in 0.4% BSA in DPBS buffer (1000 cells/µL) and subjected for GEM generation and barcoding. Library preparation was performed according to the recommended procedures of the manufacture Chromium Single Cell 3’ reagent Kit V3.1 chemistry. 10,000 cells were targeted for capturing and 9 cycles were used for cDNA amplification, while 12 cycles were performed for library formation, and sequencing was performed on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer. For bulk RNA-Seq, RNA was purified using the miRNeasy™ RNA MiniPrep (Qiagene) and RNA-seq libraries were generated either using the Illumina TruSeq RNA Library Preparation Kits and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer as 76 bp paired-end reads, or using the NEBnext UltraDirectional RNA Library Preparation Kits after rRNA depletion using the NEBNext rRNA depletion kit and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer using 50 cycles of single-end sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001008609

• Exome sequencing data for the DIRECT study.

  This dataset contains all available fastq files for gemline, baseline plasma/biopsy, and response assessment patient samples for the DIRECT study. The total number of samples was 729 (188 germline, 190 baseline plasma, 159 baseline biopsy, and 192 response assessment). The dataset files were generated from targeted (exome) Illumina sequencing performed on paired biopsy tissue and plasma cell free DNA.

  Dataset EGAD50000001409

• Non_Hodgkin_lymphoma_project___mutational_burden_of_chemotherapy_in_normal_blood

  his study aims to further investigate the mutational burden induced by chemotherapy in the normal stem and progenitor cell of individuals treated for Non -hodgkins lymphoma. Single cell derived progenitor colonies have been grown and DNA extracted. 5-10 colonies from a number of individuals exposed to chemotherapeutic regimens for lymphoma will undergo whole genome sequencing to address the question of the extent of mutational impact of these different regimens.

  Study EGAS00001006733

• Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics - Digital Health Technologies (RADx-DHT): Digital Health Solutions for COVID-19: COVID Community Action and Research Engagement (COVID-CARE)

  Vibrent Health will expand the Vibrent Digital Health Solutions Platform (DHSP) implementation to additional populations among diverse user groups for additional validation of the technology's performance, usability, and reliability in refinement of analytics generating predictive algorithms for infection and that support individual, organizational, community and societal-level decision-making in the COVID-19 pandemic response. This includes the aims to innovate a technology that can differentiate between COVID-19 and flu (or other respiratory illness); develop and test a novel WIFI-based contact tracing tool using a University’s enterprise WIFI system and software release of augmented contact tracing capabilities in Vibrent's DHSP; and develop a full technical integration approach and strategy to support data exchange between this solution and the NCI data hub.DOI: https://rapids.ll.mit.edu/10.57895/ravs-1b57

  Study phs002533

• Neoadjuvant Pazopanib in Renal Cell Carcinoma

  This study examined the tissue of patients who received oral pazopanib prior to nephrectomy. Patients were consented and underwent a pre-treatment biopsy. Pretreatment samples for analysis were preserved as available. Subjects underwent a proscribed course of treatment with pazopanib. At the completion of treatment, subjects underwent a planned nephrectomy, and samples were collected from the nephrectomy specimen. We recorded response to treatment, adverse events, and 2 year follow up for recurrence.

  Study phs002053

• Segmental Overgrowth/Vascular Anomalies/Dermatologic Disorders

  This study was designed to determine the molecular etiology of disorders characterized by segmental overgrowth, vascular anomalies, or dermatologic conditions that are part of the diagnostic criteria for Proteus syndrome or PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Somatic variants in AKT1 or PIK3CA have been identified as causative for Proteus syndrome and PROS respectively, and this study aimed to determine the extent of allelic and genetic heterogeneity in individuals who fully met the diagnostic criteria, had some aspects of, or had isolated manifestations of either syndrome.

  Study phs002006

• Comprehensive survey for the construction of an integrated database of food, gut microbiome, and health information (the "Sukoyaka Health Survey") A data collection study exploring the relationship between the gut microbiome, food, health, and the genome.

  We conducted a cohort-based study to investigate the association between the genetic background and diet/lifestyle in 51 healthy Japanese. We analyzed some participants living in Nagahama. The SNP array (Japonica Array v2) was used for genotyping. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal microbiome were analyzed.

  Study JGAS000680

• Single-Cell ATAC and RNA Sequencing of Human Breast Cancer Reveals Salient Cancer-Specific Enhancers

  Matched single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scATAC-seq) and single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNA-seq) were performed for 12 human breast tumor samples, 4 normal human mammary reduction samples, and 4 human breast cancer cell lines (HCC1143, SUM149PT, MCF7, and T47D). Both scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq assays resolved the underlying cellular heterogeneity in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional output for each patient sample. In this work, we quantitatively linked variation in chromatin accessibility to gene expression across malignant and non-malignant cell types from patient samples. We then showed that our findings were recapitulated in the breast cancer cell line samples. These data will serve as an important resource for the single-cell genomics and breast cancer research communities.

  Study phs003253

• Myelodysplastic_syndrome_whole_genomes

  Wholegenome libraries will be prepared from at least two serial samples reflecting different stages of disease progression and matched constitutional DNA for 30 Myelodysplastic syndrome patient samples. Five lanes of Illumina HiSeq sequencing will be performed on each of the tumour samples and four lanes for each of the constitutional DNA. Sequencing data will mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome and analysis will be performed to characterize the spectrum of somatic variation present in these samples including single base pair mutations, insertions, deletions as well as larger structural variants and genomic rearrangements.

  Study EGAS00001000291

• Myeloproliferative_Disease_Whole_Genomes

  Wholegenome libraries will be prepared from at least two serial samples reflecting different stages of disease progression and matched constitutional DNA for 30 Myeloproliferative Disease samples. Five lanes of Illumina HiSeq sequencing will be performed on each of the tumour samples and four lanes for each of the constitutional DNA. Sequencing data will mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome and analysis will be performed to characterize the spectrum of somatic variation present in these samples including single base pair mutations, insertions, deletions as well as larger structural variants and genomic rearrangements.

  Study EGAS00001000290

• Transcriptome analysis of samples derived from GBM tumors, and relevant cell lines established and maintained at 5% or 20% oxygen.

  The goal of the study was to compare the transcriptome of patient-derived serum-free GBM cell lines to that of parental GBM tumors. For each patient, three samples were analyzed: GBM tumor, cell line growing at 5% oxygen, and cell line growing at 20% oxygen. Analysis demonstrated the enrichement in cell cycle and DNA repair gene expression in cell lines when compared to parental tumor sample. Moreover, cells cultured at 5% oxygen maintained hypoxia, carbon metabolism and tumor progression transcriptional pattern characteristic for GBM.

  Study EGAS00001006267

• RNA-seq profiling of NKX6.1 reporter iPSC lines for isolation and analysis of functionally relevant neuronal and pancreas populations

  We generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with a GFP reporter inserted in the endogenous NKX6.1 locus. Characterisation of the reporter lines demonstrated faithful GFP labelling of NKX6.1 expression during pancreas and motor neuron differentiation. We performed three independent in vitro differentiations towards the pancreatic endocrine lineage. We FACS-purified GFP positive and negative cells from stage 7 cultures, and generated Smart-Seq2 RNA-sequencing libraries for the pre-sorted cells, as well as the two GFP-sorted cell populations. Gene expression profiling by RNA-sequencing reveals that the NKX6.1-positive population closely resembles mature human beta cells and the functional evaluation of purified populations shows that the glucose-responsive beta-like cells are enriched within the NKX6.1-positive population. These reporter lines provide a valuable resource to the scientific community for the derivation of functional relevant pancreas and neuronal cell subtypes.

  Study EGAS00001002802

• A Study to Assess the Cardiovascular, Cognitive, and Subjective Effects of Atomoxetine in Combination with Intravenous Methamphetamine

  The Study to Assess the Cardiovascular, Cognitive, and Subjective Effects of Atomoxetine in Combination with Intravenous Methamphetamine started in 2007 and ended in 2011. It was a small pilot study that included methamphetamine abusing individuals and healthy control participants aged 18-50 years. Participants who qualified over the telephone were scheduled to visit the London Laboratory at the UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior for the In-Person Screening Phase. The screening procedures, usually scheduled over two visits, determined if participants were eligible to complete the subsequent study visits. Both groups completed identical screening procedures, including a SCID diagnostic interview to rule out any major psychiatric disorders. Methamphetamine users also answered questionnaires specific to their drug use. Urine toxicology for marijuana, opiates, cocaine, methamphetamine, and benzodiazepines were monitored at the beginning and throughout the study. Additionally, participants had blood samples to test for Rapid Plasma Reagin (exposure to syphilis), purified protein derivative (PPD), HIV and Hepatitis-C (HCV). Positive test results were relayed by a study physician and resulted in termination from continuing in the study. The inpatient portion of the study lasted a total of 24 days. To confirm compliance with abstinence from illicit and prescription drug use for the duration of the study, urine and breath alcohol testing was performed for both inpatient (methamphetamine users) and outpatient (healthy control) groups. Each subject was randomized to receive either atomoxetine (80 mg daily) or placebo. During inpatient days of the study, a study physician oversaw research subjects daily and experimental procedures were conducted in the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC). During drug administration sessions, heart rate and blood pressure were assessed at frequent intervals. Experimental sessions lasted around three hours and were conducted at approximately the same time of day for a given participant. Lunch was provided to participants at 11:30am with the prohibition of caffeine on study days involving methamphetamine administration. Participants were provided with smoke breaks as needed to assure that acute nicotine withdrawal did not negatively impact performance on cognitive testing. The following outlines the day to day procedures for a methamphetamine inpatient: Phase I Inpatient Study (15 days total) Days 1-3: On the day of admission, participants received blood tests and an EKG in order to determine that they had no occult medical conditions which would make their participation in the study medically contraindicated. A three day washout period was provided at the beginning of the study to establish an appropriate methamphetamine-free baseline for testing. Days 4-6: Participants completed cognitive test batteries to assess inhibitory control including self-report measures and cognitive testing, as well as up to three MRI scanning sessions. Day 7: On day 7, at 9AM and 1PM, participants received methamphetamine in a single-blinded condition. It was administered as two IV infusions of 15mg separated by a 60min break. The total dose of IV methamphetamine was 30mg. Participants were clinically evaluated by continuous cardiac telemetry, serial EKG and measurement of vital signs, during and after infusions, in order to determine the medical safety of methamphetamine infusion in the absence of study medication. Day 8: On day 8 we evaluated the safety and residual effects of the methamphetamine administered on the previous day. Days 9-10: After demonstrating medical and psychiatric stability of the initial methamphetamine infusion, participants were then randomized to receive placebo or atomoxetine (0 or 40mg) under double-blind conditions, which would be given at 8AM on both study days. Days 11-12: On days 11 and 12, participants remained in the GCRC and took two doses of test compound atomoxetine (0 or 40mg) at 8AM and 8PM. On the morning of day 12, participants completed a series of cognitive testing. Day 13: On day 13, participants remained in the GCRC, and took two doses of the test compound atomoxetine (0 or 40mg) at 8AM and 8PM. At 9AM and noon, they received methamphetamine under double-blind conditions administered non-contingently as two infusions of 0 or 15mg by IV (intravenously), with each infusion separated by 60min. The total dose of IV methamphetamine that each participant received was 30mg. As before, participants were clinically evaluated by continuous cardiac telemetry, serial EKG and measurement of vital signs, during and after infusions, in order to determine the medical safety of methamphetamine infusion in those participants receiving study medication. Day 14: On day 14 at 8AM, participants received their final dosing of the first test compound (atomoxetine 0 or 40mg). At 9AM and 1PM, participants selected between methamphetamine infusion or money using double-blind conditions in a multiple-choice self-administration paradigm. Participants were able to take up to two infusions of 0 or 15mg of methamphetamine, separated by 60min. The total dose of IV methamphetamine that each participant received on day 14 was 30mg. Participants were clinically evaluated by continuous cardiac telemetry, serial EKG and measurement of vital signs, during and after infusions, in order to determine the medical safety of methamphetamine infusion in those participants receiving study medication. At 5pm on day 14 discharge laboratory studies were drawn. Day 15: On day 15, a final EKG was performed as well as a review of discharge laboratory studies, including review of the EKG and continued medical and psychiatric stability. Upon clearance from a physician, participants were discharged on day 15. Participants spent at least 2 weeks (14 days) out of the hospital prior to returning to the UCLA GCRC for inpatient Phase II. Phase II Inpatient Study (9 days total) Day 1-2: On the day of re-admission, participants received blood tests and an EKG. A two day washout period was provided at the beginning of the study to establish an appropriate methamphetamine free condition for safe administration of the second test compound condition. Days 3-4: On days 3 and 4, given medical stability, participants were then switched to the opposite test compound (atomoxetine 0 or 40mg) under double-blind conditions, in the same manner as in Days 9-10 in Phase I. Days 5-6: Same procedure as in Days 11-12 in Phase I but with opposite medication condition. Day 7: Same procedure as in Day13 in Phase I but with opposite medication condition. Day 8: Same procedure as in Day14 in Phase I but with opposite medication condition. Day 9: Same procedure as in Day14 in Phase I but with opposite medication condition. For healthy control participants, the study consisted of 30 days or fewer of out-patient testing. Healthy control participants had an extensive screening, including a history and physical exam performed by a study physician, an EKG, and laboratory studies performed to assess for medical or psychiatric conditions. Control participants meeting criteria were invited back to UCLA to undergo cognitive testing, and some participants received fMRI scans. Participants were required to refrain from illicit and prescription drug use for the duration of the study, which was confirmed with urine toxicology and breath alcohol level testing on examination days. Caffeine was restricted on study days for least 2 hours prior to cognitive testing and MRI scans. Participants were permitted to drink their normal daily intake of caffeine, given the caveat above. On study days, cigarette smoking was permitted to match conditions used with methamphetamine users. The incorporation of smoke breaks during the test day assured that acute nicotine withdrawal did not negatively impact performance on cognitive tests or neuroimaging. The following outlines procedures for healthy control participants: For normal controls, participation involved one day of outpatient screening, and one day of baseline cognitive testing and possible MRI scans. After these procedures were completed, participants were randomized to the first test compound (atomoxetine 40mg or placebo), to be taken once daily in the morning for 2 days. It was then increased to twice daily for the next 3 days, followed by a final dose (40mg or placebo) on the sixth day of study medication. Participants were also asked to bring their pill packages to assess compliance with the study medication. Additionally, control participants completed a series of repeated-measures cognitive testing (on placebo or atomoxetine, respectively) and possibly two fMRI sessions (separated by a short break). After at least a four-day washout period, control participants were instructed to start the opposite test compound (atomoxetine 40mg or placebo), again to be taken once daily in the morning for two days, then twice daily for 3 days, reaching the final dose (40mg or placebo) of the second test compound in the morning. Participants were again asked to bring their pill packages to assess compliance and had blood drawn to assess atomoxetine levels. Control participants then completed another series of cognitive testing and fMRI testing sessions. They were subsequently discharged from the study. Normal control participants returned two weeks after completion of both study phases in order to complete assessments to their physical and psychological status following treatment.

  Study phs001195

• A Comprehensive Genomic Study of Pediatric Malignancy

  Malignancy remains the leading cause of disease-related death in children. DNA sequencing studies have shown a paucity of actionable genomic alterations and a low mutation burden across pediatric cancers at diagnosis. We perform a comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analysis of pediatric tumor and normal tissues using next-generation sequencing to identify molecular fingerprints and targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel therapeutic methods. This study also represents one of the largest of its type to date and provides a rich genomic dataset for the pediatric cancer research community.

  Study phs001928

• A Phase 2 Study of Lamivudine in Patients with p53 Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

  This was an open-label, single-arm Phase II study of lamivudine in patients who had progressed on systemic therapy for advanced colorectal cancer with TP53 mutations. The phase II study had a two-stage design, with a target accrual of 20 evaluable patients for the first stage and a total of 32 patients for the whole study. The first 9 patients were treated with lamivudine at 150 mg PO bid continuously for 28-day cycles. Subsequent patients (10-32) received a higher dose of 600 mg PO bid continuously for 28-day cycles. Tumor assessments were performed every 8 weeks until documented disease progression by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or drug intolerance. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and total RNA-seq were performed on pre- and post- treatment biopsies on this trial.

  Study phs002833

• Deep Sequencing of 3 Cancer Cell Lines on 2 Sequencing Platforms (Illumina HiSeqX and NovaSeq)

  To test the performance of a new sequencing platform, develop an updated somatic calling pipeline and establish a reference for future benchmarking experiments, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 3 common cancer cell lines (COLO-829, HCC-1143 and HCC-1187) along with their matched normal cell lines to great sequencing depths (up to 278X coverage) on both Illumina HiSeqX and NovaSeq sequencing instruments. This dataset can be used for benchmarking purposes by the genomic community and as a reference call set for scientists using these 3 cell lines.

  Study phs001839

• RNA Sequencing of AD OM cells exposed to traffic-related air pollutants

  Total RNA sequencing of olfactory mucosa (OM) cells derived from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease exposed to traffic-related ultrafine particles (UFPs) for 24-h and 72-h in submerged cultures. The UFPs used for exposures were: A0, A20 and Euro6. Exposures were compared to the corresponding blank samples.

  Study EGAS50000000448

• NHLBI TOPMed: Genomic Summary Results for the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program

  The NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program aims to identify the genetic basis of variation in biomedical phenotypes, with emphasis on those related to heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders, as part of a broader Precision Medicine Initiative. The TOPMed program has provided whole genome sequencing (WGS) to over 80 different studies that had previously recruited participants and collected extensive phenotype data. Many TOPMed investigators affiliated with these studies have organized their activities into phenotype-focused Working Groups and have developed genotype-phenotype association projects. These analyses have resulted in valuable cross-study Genomic Summary Results (GSR) that include whole genome association test results of both common and rare variants. Most of the analyses include data from multiple studies, some of which are based on sensitive populations, precluding public sharing of GSR. This dbGaP accession provides a mechanism for sharing sensitive GSR, using the controlled-access mechanisms of dbGaP to provide protections for sensitive populations.

  Study phs001974

• Validation of Gene Array to Predict Bacterial Co-infection In Adults Hospitalized with Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI)

  Accurate tests for microbiologic diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are needed. Gene expression profiling of whole blood represents a powerful new approach for analysis of the host response during respiratory infection that can be used to supplement pathogen detection testing. Using qPCR, we prospectively validated the differential expression of 10 genes previously shown to discriminate bacterial and non-bacterial LRTI confirming the utility of this approach. In addition, a novel approach using RNAseq analysis identified 141 genes differentially expressed in LRTI subjects with bacterial infection. Using "pathway-informed" dimension reduction, we identified a novel 11 gene set (selected from lymphocyte, α-linoleic acid metabolism, and IGF regulation pathways) and demonstrated a predictive accuracy for bacterial LRTI (nested CV-AUC=0.87). RNAseq represents a new and an unbiased tool to evaluate host gene expression for the diagnosis of LRTI.

  Study phs001248

• Genetic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Consortium GWAS of Familial Lung Cancer

  Familial lung cancer cases were collected by the Genetic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Consortium (GELCC) recruitment sites: University of Cincinnati, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, Mayo Clinic, and Medical College of Ohio. Familial cases for this study came from three sources: 1) one case each from families (at least 3 affected lung cancer cases in the family) included in the linkage analysis; 2) one case from linkage-eligible families (at least 3 affected lung cancer cases in the family) but where there were insufficient biospecimens available to make them informative for linkage analysis; and 3) one case from families not eligible for the linkage study with a family history of at least one first or second degree relative affected with lung cancer. Unrelated controls were selected from 1) among the spouses of family members, thus matching on socio-economic status (SES) and ethnicity (typically) of the cases or 2) from case-control studies of lung cancer conducted in the same location in which the linkage families were collected and matched on age, sex, and race. All cases and controls self-reported as European American. Biospecimens used for normal DNA extraction included blood, saliva or mouthwash. Some samples underwent whole genome amplication.

  Study phs000629

• A first step towards clinical routine long-read sequencing in Sweden, a national pilot study on chromosomal rearrangements

  Here, the Genomic Medicine Sweden Rare Diseases (GMS-RD) consortium validated HiFi Revio long-read whole genome sequencing (lrGS) for clinical digital karyotyping of SVs nationwide. The first 16 samples included in this study were collected from all health care regions in Sweden. We established a national pipeline and a shared variant database for variant calling and filtering. The included validation samples cover a spectrum of simple and complex SVs including inversions, translocations and copy number variants.

  Study EGAS50000000468

• Sequencing of an organoid biobank for childhood kidney cancers that captures disease and tissue heterogeneity.

  Kidney tumors are among the most common solid tumors in children, comprising several distinct subtypes differing in many aspects, including cell-of-origin, genetics, and pathology. Pre-clinical cell models capturing the disease heterogeneity are currently lacking. Here, we describe the first pediatric cancer organoid biobank. It contains tumor and matching normal organoids from over 50 children with different subtypes of kidney cancer, including Wilms tumors, malignant rhabdoid tumors, renal cell carcinomas, and congenital mesoblastic nephromas. The malignant rhabdoid tumor organoids represent the first organoid model for tumors of non-epithelial origin. The tumor organoids retain key properties of native tumors, useful for revealing patient specific drug vulnerabilities. We further demonstrate that organoid cultures derived from Wilms tumors consist of multiple different cell types, including epithelial, stromal and blastemal-like. Our organoid biobank captures the cellular heterogeneity of pediatric kidney tumors, providing a representative collection of well-characterized models for basic cancer research, drug-screening, and personalized medicine.

  Study EGAS00001003853

• Osteosarcoma mate-pair and RNA-sequencing

  DNA mate pair and RNA sequencing data of conventional osteosarcomas. Mate pair libraries, with average insert sizes of 2-4 kb, were prepared for sequencing using the Nextera Mate Pair Library Preparation Kit. Paired-end 76 base pair reads were generated using an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencing instrument. Total RNA was enriched for polyadenylated RNA using magnetic oligo(dT) beads. Enriched RNA was prepared for sequencing using the TruSeq RNA Sample Preparation Kit v2 and paired-end 151 base pair reads were generated from the cDNA libraries using an Illumina NextSeq 500 instrument.

  Study EGAS00001003842

• Whole-genome sequencing of rare disease patients in a national healthcare system

  Most patients with rare diseases do not receive a molecular diagnosis and the aetiologicalvariants and mediating genes for more than half such disorders remain to be discovered. Weimplemented whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in a national healthcare system to streamlinediagnosis and to discover unknown aetiological variants, in the coding and non-coding regionsof the genome. In a pilot study for the 100,000 Genomes Project, we generated WGS data for13,037 participants, of whom 9,802 had a rare disease, and provided a genetic diagnosis to1,138 of the 7,065 patients with detailed phenotypic data. We identified 95 Mendelianassociations between genes and rare diseases, of which 11 have been discovered since 2015and at least 79 are confirmed aetiological. Using WGS of UK Biobank1, we showed that rarealleles can explain the presence of some individuals in the tails of a quantitative red blood cell(RBC) trait. Finally, we reported 4 novel non-coding variants which cause disease through thedisruption of transcription of ARPC1B, GATA1, LRBA and MPL. Our study demonstrates asynergy by using WGS for diagnosis and aetiological discovery in routine healthcare.

  Study EGAS00001004364

• Exploring Extracellular Vesicle microRNAs in Usher Syndrome Type 1B: Tear-Derived EVs as Indicators of Retinal Health

  The goal of this study was to explore extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human tears and iPSC-derived RPE cells as biomarkers for Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B), a rare inherited disorder causing deafness and retinitis pigmentosa. Researchers found that tear EVs showed higher levels and diversity of miRNAs, making them a promising non-invasive source for diagnosing USH1B. In contrast to patient-derived RPE cells, which did not express MYO7A protein despite similar expression levels in controls, the study identified specific microRNA signatures associated with retinal degeneration in both tear EVs and RPE-derived EVs. The findings suggest that tear EVs can serve as a useful biomarker for USH1B diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic development. Overall, this research aims to contribute to our understanding of disease mechanisms and identify potential targets for treatment in patients with Usher syndrome type 1B.

  Study EGAS50000001200

• We screened 2.5 million SNPs in 161 individuals from 13 Sahelian populations from Western, Central and Eastern parts of the belt, and including both nomadic and sedentary groups

  We confirmed the role of the Sahel belt as a main corridor for human migrations across the African continent. Strong admixture was observed in both Central and Eastern Sahelian populations, with North Africans and Near Eastern/Arabians respectively, but it was inexistent in Western Sahelian populations. Genome-wide local ancestry inference in admixed Sahelian populations revealed several candidate regions that were significantly enriched for non-autochthonous haplotypes, and many showed to be under positive selection.

  Study EGAS00001001610

• Long-read sequencing for cell-free DNA analysis (mouse)

  In this study, we compared the two long-read sequencing platforms, namely the single-molecule real-time sequencing by Pacific Biosciences and nanopore sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, for the analysis of cell-free DNA from plasma. Artificial mixtures of sonicated human and mouse DNA at different sizes were sequenced with the two platforms.

  Study EGAS00001006329

• Genotype variables of the 61 COVID-19 patient cohort used in the main project of data integration

  We selected SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) higher than 10% in the Caucasian population from the Ensembl database. Specifically, we selected ACE2 (rs2285666), MX1 (rs469390), and TMPRSS2 (rs2070788) for the present analysis. For more information, please refer to:

  Study EGAS50000000589

• Circulating, Cell-Free DNA Methylation Patterns Indicate Cellular Sources of Allograft Injury after Liver Transplant

  Post-transplant complications reduce allograft and recipient survival. Current approaches for detecting allograft injury non-invasively are limited and do not differentiate between cellular mechanisms. Here, we monitor cellular damages after liver transplants from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments released from dying cells into the circulation. We analyzed longitudinal blood samples collected from patients at different time points after transplant. Sequence-based methylation of cfDNA fragments were mapped to an atlas of cell-type-specific DNA methylation patterns derived from 476 methylomes of purified cells. For liver cell types, DNA methylation patterns and multi-omic data integration show distinct enrichment in open chromatin and regulatory regions functionally important for the respective cell types. We find that multi-tissue cellular damage post-transplant recovers in patients without allograft injury during the first post-operative week. However, sustained elevation of hepatocyte and biliary epithelial cfDNA within the first month indicates early-onset allograft injury. Further, cfDNA composition differentiates amongst causes of allograft injury indicating the potential for non-invasive monitoring and timely intervention.

  Study phs003610

• RNA-seq of longitudinal human blood and nose swab samples from a controlled human infection experiment with SARS-CoV-2 virus

  Controlled human infection experiments enable longitudinal profiling of immune responses to a pathogen. 36 healthy volunteers aged 18-29 years, with no evidence of previous infection or vaccination, were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 virus and quarantined for 14 days. Blood samples (n=374) for RNA sequencing were collected into PAXgene tubes before virus challenge, 6 hours after challenge, daily thereafter for 14 days and on day 28. Mid-turbinate nose swabs (n=96) for RNA sequencing were collected before virus challenge, and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after challenge, preserved in RNAprotect. 18 of 36 participants developed a replicative SARS-CoV-2 infection as evidenced by consecutive PCR-positive swabs for the virus. For every participant, blood RNA from selected days were extracted and depleted for genomic DNA and globin mRNA, before cDNA libraries were constructed using KAPA RNA HyperPrep with RiboErase kits. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform using NovaSeq 6000 S4 Reagent Kits (200 cycles). Nose swab RNA samples were extracted and depleted for genomic DNA before cDNA libraries were constructed using KAPA mRNA HyperPrep Kits. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq platform the using the NextSeq 500/550 High Output Kit (75 cycles).

  Dataset EGAD50000000942

• Multiplexing cortical brain organoids for the longitudinal dissection of developmental traits at single cell resolution

  Dissecting human neurobiology at high resolution and with mechanistic precision requires a major leap in scalability, given the need for experimental designs to multiple individuals and, prospectively, population cohorts. To lay the foundation for this, we have implemented and benchmarked complementary strategies to multiplex brain organoids by pooling cells from different pluripotent stem cell lines (PSC) either during organoid generation (mosaic models) or before single cell-RNAseq library preparation (downstream multiplexing). We have also developed a new computational method, SCanSNP, and a consensus call to deconvolve cell identities, overcoming current criticalities in doublets prediction and low quality cells identification. We validated both multiplexing methods for charting neurodevelopmental trajectories at high resolution, thus linking specificity to genetic variation. Finally, we modelled their scalability across different multiplexing combinations and showed that mosaic organoids represent an enabling method for high-throughput settings. Together, this multiplexing suite of experimental and computational methods provides a highly scalable resource for disease modelling.

  Study EGAS50000000698

• Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)

  The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) - now part of the MACS-WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) investigates the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men. Over 7,000 participants volunteered for semiannual interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing across the 325 years of the study, in four metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore/Washington (DC) and Pittsburgh. The study aimed to identify risk factors for occurrence and clinical expression of the HIV infection, and to establish a repository of biologic specimens for future study. Study visits included detailed questions covering HIV-related symptoms and utilization of health services, demographic and psychosocial characteristics, a quality of life survey, a physical examination, a detailed form on medications used as prophylaxis and/or treatment, a neuropsychological screening and examination, blood samples to do measure hematologic variables including enumeration of T-cell subsets and HIV viral load and evaluate genetic risk factors via genome wide association studies using data generated using the Infinium Multi-Ethnic Global BeadChip genotyping array in all participants. Men who have sex with men, with and without HIV infection were enrolled in the MACS. MACS data continues to be available through the merged MWCCS cohort.

  Study phs002226

• Comparison of 3 protocols for deriving pancreatic progenitors from hPSC with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq

  Several distinct differentiation protocols for deriving pancreatic progenitors (PP) from human pluripotent stem cells have been described but it remains to be shown how similar the PP are across protocols, and how well they resemble their in vivo counterparts. Here we evaluated three differentiation protocols; performed RNA and ATAC-seq on isolated PP derived with these, and compared them to fetal human pancreas populations. This enabled us to define a shared transcriptional and epigenomic signature of the PP, including several genes not previously implicated in pancreas development. Furthermore, we identified a significant and previously unappreciated cross-protocol variation of the PP through multi-omics analysis and demonstrate how such information can be applied to refine differentiation protocols for derivation of insulin-producing beta-like cells. Together, our study highlights the importance of a detailed characterization of defined cell populations derived from distinct differentiation protocols, and provides a valuable resource for exploring human pancreatic development.

  Study EGAS00001003513