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• Diseased heart analysis: RNA Adult (2025-10-14)

  Samples for this project are taken from adult human hearts which have been preserved using 2 different methods (cold static storage on ice, and hypothermic perfusion). Samples have been acquired at various time points during post-preservation normothermic perfusion. The aim of the project is to assess the transcriptional changes caused by these differing methods of preservation. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2025-10-14.

  Dataset EGAD00001015738

• DNA methylation (RRBS) data for the glioblastoma progression study (GBMatch).

  Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation levels by RRBS in 349 samples, derived from 112 glioblastoma (IDH wildtype) patients, 13 IDH muated brain tumor patients, and 5 normal brain controls. For each patient samples from at least two and up to six tumor resections are available. For 6 patients multiple regions of each tumor were sampled.

  Dataset EGAD00001003427

• Targeted DNA sequencing dataset for the study "Molecular profiling of EBV associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"

  We performed deep targeted DNA sequencing with a panel of 74 selected cancer-related genes previously identified to be recurrently mutated in EBV associated DLBCL. Sequencing was performed on a HiSeq platform (Illumina) with 250 bp paired-end reads. There are 68 FFPE samples in this targetedDNAseq-dataset with 46 unpaired tumors and 22 normals used as a panel of normals.

  Dataset EGAD00001009396

• Natural variation of circulating RNAs in human serum

  The Janus Serum Bank (JSB) is a population-based cancer research biobank. This dataset contains small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 520 JSB samples from cancer-free individuals. Sequencing libraries were indexed and 12 samples were sequenced per lane on a HiSeq 2500 (Illumina) to an average depth of 18 million reads per sample. The dataset files are raw FASTQ files from the sequencing machine (50bp, single-end sequencing)

  Dataset EGAD00001003968

• Extreme intratumor heterogeneity and driver evolution in mismatch repair deficient gastro-esophageal cancer

  The dataset includes multi-region exome sequencing (MSeq) of four resected treatment naïve mismatch repair deficient gastro-esophageal cancers. Paired-end sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 or NovaSeq 6000 with a target depth of 200X. Seven primary tumor regions along with tumor-adjacent non malignant tissue were subjected to MSeq. An additional two lymph node metastases were also included from each of two cases.

  Dataset EGAD00001004594

• Detecting PKD1 variants in Polycystic Kidney Disease patients by single-molecule long-read sequencing

  Cohort of 19 ADPKD patients characterized using long-read sequencing. The variant identification provided high sensitivity in identifying PKD1 pathogenic variants, with a diagnostic yield of 94.7%. This dataset includes all sequencing data (BAM files) of the 19 patients, in addition to their raw variants (unfiltered) obtained from the long-read sequencing as well as Sanger sequencing (VCF file).

  Dataset EGAD00001003103

• TRACERx pilot study.

  Multi-region Illumina whole-exome and/or whole-genome sequencing on tumor regions collected from early-stage NSCLC patients who underwent definitive surgical resection prior to receiving adjuvant therapy.Detected variants were validated on Ion AmpliSeq™ Custom Panel and/or Comprehensive Cancer Gene Panels.Patients covered by this dataset: L001, L002, L003, L004, L008 and L011.

  Dataset EGAD00001000900

• iPSC and iNeuron RNAseq, chip-seq and single cell CRISPR activation

  Dataset includes 1) RNAseq for Bob_Ngn2 cell differentiation from iPSC to iNeuron stage (time point 0, 24, 48 and 96 hours). 2) Bob_Ngn2 cell line chip-seq (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K27ac, H3K36me3) for both iPSC and iNeuron stage with 3 replicates at each time point. 3) Single cell CRISPR activation experiment with 96 endogenous genes.

  Dataset EGAD00001010050

• RNAseq and ATACseq data

  RNAseq and ATACseq data for the FMF patients and healthy control. The RNAseq data was sequenced on a BGI MGI G400 machine, with PE100 reads. ATAC-seq libraries were prepared with Illumina Nextera primers and sequenced on NovaSeq 6000 platform with 50bp paired-end sequencing, where each sample was sequenced to approximate 60 million reads.

  Dataset EGAD00001010304

• Single-cell Multi-omics Sequencing of Human Early Embryos

  The whole blood of six female volunteers and sperm from one male volunteer were used to extract genomic DNA using a DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (QIAGEN). 500 ng gDNA was fragmented into 300 bp by Covaris. Then, the libraries were constructed using a KAPA Hyper Prep Kit (Kapa Biosystems). In total we have 7 samples and the files we uploaded are pair-end fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD00001004108

• This dataset contains fastq and BAM data from female adipose tissue.

  Here we have from 64 samples, their corresponding fastq and bam files. The study group consisted of 17 obese women with normal glucose tolerance and 15 obese women with T2DM classified according to WHO standards. The groups were matched for age, BMI and waist circumference. All the women had been morbidly obese (BMI>40 kg/m2) for at least five years.

  Dataset EGAD00001002202

• Validation of Exome-sequencing of S7RE-iPSC lines

  PCR products were obtained from each target loci using genomic DNA from human iPS cells. Subsequently, PCR products are pooled and subjected to Illumina library preparation. The library will be sequenced either by HiSeq or MiSeq. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001001449

• Transcriptomic sequences of small intestinal Plasma cells from Celiac disease patients

  Transcriptomic sequences of small intestinal Plasma cell (PCs)s from Celiac disease patients. RNAseq data produced using Illumina paired-end (75bp) reads. Includes only raw data of sequences (fastq format). Samples from seven Celiac disease patients and four healthy controls. Samples from Celiac disease patients contain sub-groups of PCs that are either specific or not specific to autoantigen of the disease (TG2).

  Dataset EGAD00001004481

• Evolution of four ER+ breast cancers

  The evolution of four breast cancers was analyzed using longitudinal samples collected over 2-15 years. Whole-genome sequencing and single-cell RNA-Seq were used to analyze evolution. We have deposited VCF files for SNV, indel, and structural variant calls from WGS data, and a text file showing transcripts per million (TPM) expression for the single-cell RNA-Seq data.

  Dataset EGAD00001003303

• WES analysis in identifying additive genetic factors that may contribute to the occurrence of moyamoya in neurofibromatosis type 1

  Five subjects from pedigree with co-occurrence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and moyamoya were sequenced in duplicate (0 and1). Kinship and phenotype: NF025, NF026 and NF027 were sibling all affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. NF026 also presented moyamoya. NF0262 and NF0263 were sibling both affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. NF0262 also presented moyamoya. NF026 and NF0262 were first cousins.

  Dataset EGAD00001004157

• EORTC study on the evolution of driver mutations and MGMT promotor methylation in glioblastomas treated with standard of care: Correlation with survival and impact on trial design

  Precision medicine trials in glioblastoma should be conducted at tumor recurrence. However, second surgery for recurrent GBMs is not routinely performed and therefore molecular data is predominantly derived from primary samples. This study aims to establish the frequency of driver changes at tumor recurrence.

  Dataset EGAD00001004593

• Genome-wide analysis of H3K27me3 occupancy and DNA methlytion in pediatric high-grade glioma

  Genome-wide analysis of H3K27me3 occupancy and DNA methylation in K27M-mutant and H3.3-WT primary pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) as well as pediatric pHGG cell lines. The study aims to elucidate the connection between K27M-induced H3K27me3 reduction and changes in DNA methylation as well as gene expression.

  Dataset EGAD00001000677

• Leiden_melanomafamilies

  Around 10% of patients who present in melanoma clinics have a first degree relative with a previous diagnosis of melanoma. While around 3% have three or more relatives who have been diagnosed with the disease. In this project we will whole genome sequence patients from large Dutch familial melanoma pedigrees to identify mutations in genes that drive melanomagenesis. The identification of these genes will facilitate the management of familial melanoma patients and their families.

  Dataset EGAD00001002186

• Oxidative phosphorylation is a key ontogenetic feature of monocyte immunometabolism promoting myeloid differentiation after birth

  The dataset consists of 12 samples of monocytes, which were analyzed using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). These samples were categorized into four distinct groups, each comprising three samples. The dataset was designed to investigate the transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of monocytes across different age groups and stimulation conditions. 3 neonatal controls, 3 neonatal LPS stimulated, 3 adult controls and 3 adult LPS stimulated samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001011340

• Next generation sequencing data of circulating tumor DNA and matched tumor tissues

  For each subject, genomic DNA from whole blood, circulating cell free DNA and tumor tissues (whenever possible) were performed targeting next generation sequencing on Illumina Miseq or Hiseq 4000 platforms. The sequencing results of whole blood were used to distinguish germline and somatic mutations. Specimens were collected from patients with different kinds of solid tumors, but most are lung cancer patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001003176

• RNA sequencing of multiple tumor biopsies and patient-derived spheroids from five colorectal cancer patients (BAM files)

  Whole transcriptome, strand-specific RNA-seq libraries were prepared from total RNA purified using RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen) using Ribo-Zero technology (Epicentre, an Illumina company) for depletion of rRNA followed by library preparation using ScriptSeq ScriptSeq RNA-Seq Library preparation Kit from Illumina. The paired raw sequence reads were processed using TopHat2 and mapped to the humane reference genome HG19.

  Dataset EGAD00001003820

• Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer aligned sequence data

  Sequence data in fastq format was aligned to the GRCH38 reference genome. Aligned sequence was preprocessed with GATK for Indel Realignment and Base Quality Score Recalibration. Duplicates were marked with Picard Mark Duplicates. Aligned sequence is in bam format. Details of the alignment can be found int he bam header. In total, data generated from 174 tumour samples 102 matched blood normal controls was aligned. Tumour samples were classified as Anaplastic Thyroid, Poorly-differentiated or well-differentiated cancers.

  Dataset EGAD00001004126

• Genotype calls (vcf files)

  Genotype calls for 83 Aboriginal Australian genomes split by chromosomes. In short, genotypes were called individually with samtools. They were subsequently filtered with thresholds related to sequencing depth, location of variants, sequencing error, and strand bias. Once combined, the genotypes were filtered when not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genomes were phased with IMPUTE using the 1000 Genomes reference panel. NB: for the Y chromosomes​, only the 44 Aboriginal Australian males are included.

  Dataset EGAD00001004155

• FASTQ files of the Exome-Seq data for the study "Genomic landscape of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians"

  FASTQ files of the Exome-Seq data for both the normal and tumor samples for the study "Genomic landscape of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians". For mutations and copy number variants called by this study, please download from https://src.gisapps.org/OncoSG_public/study/summary?id=GIS031 by clicking the download icon next to the dataset title.

  Dataset EGAD00001004422

• RNA-seq of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts established from needle biopsies

  RNA-sequencing of human hepatocellular carcinoma biopsies (n=14), 44 HCC xenografts derived from 11 HCC biopsies and 3 lymphoma xenografts derived from 3 HCC biopsies. RNA-sequencing was performed using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep Kit with Ribo-Zero Gold (lllumina). SR126 sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 using v4 SBS chemistry according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.

  Dataset EGAD00001004541

• RNA-Seq dataset for Malignant rhabdoid study

  Study describing the dynamics of chromatin organization within malignant rhabdoid tumors. This study describes how this chromatin organization changes upon SMARCB1 rescue within patient-derived organoid models from malignant rhabdoid tumors. Identification of a novel super-enhancer of MYC and identification of patient-specific enhancer utilization to activate MYC expression in these tumors.

  Dataset EGAD00001011819

• CUT&RUN/ChIP-Seq dataset for Malignant rhabdoid study

  Study describing the dynamics of chromatin organization within malignant rhabdoid tumors. This study describes how this chromatin organization changes upon SMARCB1 rescue within patient-derived organoid models from malignant rhabdoid tumors. Identification of a novel super-enhancer of MYC and identification of patient-specific enhancer utilization to activate MYC expression in these tumors.

  Dataset EGAD00001011821

• Amplicon sequencing libraries from the study "Histological Transformation and Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: a Clonal Evolution Study".

  Amplicon sequencing libraries from the study "Histological Transformation and Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: a Clonal Evolution Study". These are Illumina amplicon deep sequencing libraries (n = 118) to validate somatic predictions made in the whole genome sequencing libraries. Specifically, there are 72 tumor libraries and 46 normal libraries. Some patients may have multiple amplicon libraries sequenced.

  Dataset EGAD00001002896

• Single cell RNA sequencing of colorectal cancer

  To understand intrinsic cancer cell signatures and the surrounding microenvironemt and their interactions, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 63,689 cells from 23 patients with 23 primary colorectal cancer and 10 matched normal mucosa samples. Analyzing of primary colorectal cancer and normal mucosa samples show a comprehensive cellular landscape of colon cancer, which is a valuable resource for the development of therapeutic strategies.

  Dataset EGAD00001005198

• Whole exome sequencing of advanced gastric cancer

  To define the cellular characteristics of malignant ascites of advanced gastric cancer patients and search for therapeutic strategies, we obtained 5 malignant ascites and 1 cerebrospinal fluid from five patients with gastric cancer. We analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data of 180 cells from 4 malignant ascites and 1 cerebrospinal fluid metastasis using Fluidigm® C1™ System. Whole exome sequencing data was also generated from blood or tumor tissue.

  Dataset EGAD00001005740

• Somatic whole exome sequencing of a hypermutated gliosarcoma case

  The dataset includes the whole-exome sequencing (WES) of an extramedullary tumor anterior to the spinal cord at T4, which was resected and diagnosed as gliosarcoma. The patient initially diagnosed with a low-grade brain glioma via biopsy, followed by adjuvant radiation and temozolomide treatment. WES was performed using Illumina NovaSeq6000 with 2x100 bp reads. Mean coverage of 152.4x and 230.6x was achieved for normal and tumor, respectively.

  Dataset EGAD00001006816

• Single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing of 37 PBMC pools of advanced HCC patients.

  scRNAseq and scTCRseq of serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples (n=72) taken at various timepoints before and during treatment (Week 0 (W0), Week 3 (W3), Week 6 (W6)). PBMC samples were pooled together into 37 pools, loading 2 or three samples per lane in the 10X Genomics chip, in equal proportions, according to a pre-designed pooling matrix.

  Dataset EGAD00001011345

• scWGS dataset of Characterization of UV DNA damage in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Extensive characterization of mutational signature SBS7a in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) samples. We aimed to describe the presentation of SBS7a in BCP-ALL, identify other pediatric cancers presenting with SBS7a, look into the link of SBS7a and UV-light in the context of BCP-ALL and cancers with provable UV exposure, and pinpoint when SBS7a was acquired.

  Dataset EGAD00001015601

• African American Multiple Myeloma GWAS

  The case set is from a case-control study designed to identify common genetic risk factors for multiple myeloma in African Americans, the population with the highest risk for this cancer. We conducted two GWAS and combined each of these with convenience controls consisting of unaffected African American participants in cohorts with existing GWAS data. We then conducted a meta-analysis of the two sets. Cases were persons of African ancestry with smoldering or active multiple myeloma identified at participating oncology clinics or through SEER registries, as part of the African American Multiple Myeloma Study (AAMMS) diagnosed from Jan 1, 1988 through July 31, 2016. The majority of the samples were collected from incident and prevalent cases diagnosed since Jan 1, 2008 (80.9%), with a minority obtained from biobanks from cases diagnosed prior to 2008 (19.1%). Additional samples were obtained from the Multiethnic Cohort (USC and University of Hawaii) (n=40), the University of California at San Francisco Multiple Myeloma Study (n=27), and from the Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium for secondary analysis (samples originally provided to MMRC by 8 additional sites (n=84)). We have identified the phenotype (smoldering myeloma, plasma cell multiple myeloma, or myeloma not otherwise specified (myeloma NOS) when myeloma phenotype was not known), sex and age at diagnosis in this data set. The initial GWAS set consisted of 1308 (1,305 passed QC) cases with DNA samples, with a GWAS performed on the Illumina Human Core. Controls consisted of 7,078 unaffected African American subjects who were participants in the African American Prostate and Breast Consortium, with existing GWAS data from the Illumina1M Duo BeadChip. The second GWAS set consisted of 529 African American multiple myeloma patients with samples (406 from University of Arkansas, results not contained in this dataset because NCI funds were not used for the collection and genotyping) with GWAS data resulting from the Illumina Mega-BeadChip v1.1. Controls were 2,390 unaffected African American participants in the Multiethnic Cohort with existing GWAS data from the same array. After QC and removal of duplicates within sets, sex mismatches, and removal of plasmacytoma cases (ICD-0 code 9731), this deposited data set contains the typed GWAS data for the Illumina Human Core (set 1) (n=1298), and for the MegaBead Chip v1.1 (set 2) (n=123), with the University of Arkansas samples removed, for a total of 1,421 case genotypes. Note that 13 samples that overlap set 1 and set 2 were included.

  Study phs001632

• High density copy number analysis and whole exome sequencing of unselected chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases and of paired chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Richter Syndrome cases

  Analysis of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia coding genome: role of NOTCH1 mutational activation The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in adults, is still largely unknown since the full spectrum of genetic lesions that are present in the CLL genome, and therefore the number and identity of dysregulated cellular pathways, have not been identified. By combining next-generation sequencing and copy number analysis, we show here that the typical CLL coding genome contains less than 20 clonally represented gene alterations/case, including predominantly non-silent mutations and fewer copy number aberrations. These analyses led to the discovery of several genes not previously known to be altered in CLL. While most of these genes were affected at low frequency in an expanded CLL screening cohort, mutational activation of NOTCH1, observed in 8.3% of CLL at diagnosis, was detected at significantly higher frequency during disease progression toward Richter transformation (31.0%) as well as in chemorefractory CLL (20.8%). Consistent with the association of NOTCH1 mutations with clinically aggressive forms of the disease, NOTCH1 activation at CLL diagnosis emerged as an independent predictor of poor survival. These results provide initial data on the complexity of the CLL coding genome and identify a dysregulated pathway of diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. Genetic Lesions associated with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia transformation to Richter Syndrome Richter syndrome (RS) derives from the rare transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into an aggressive lymphoma, most commonly of the diffuse large B cell type (DLBCL). The molecular pathogenesis of RS is only partially understood. By combining whole-exome sequencing and copy-number analysis of 9 CLL-RS pairs and of an extended panel of 43 RS cases, we show that this aggressive disease typically arises from the predominant CLL clone by acquiring an average of ~20 genetic lesions/case. RS lesions are heterogeneous in terms of load and spectrum among patients, and include those involved in CLL progression and chemorefractoriness (TP53 disruption and NOTCH1 activation) as well as some not previously implicated in CLL or RS pathogenesis. In particular, disruption of the CDKN2A/B cell cycle regulator locus is associated with ~30% of RS cases. Finally, we report that the genomic landscape of RS is significantly different from that of de novo DLBCL, suggesting that they represent distinct disease entities. These results provide insights into RS pathogenesis, and identify dysregulated pathways of potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.

  Study phs000364

• Efficacy of two different FGFR-inhibitors in a patient with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring an FGFR2 mutation

  Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) is a type of cancer with few effective systemic therapies. Elucidation of the molecular landscape of the disease from genomic studies based on next generation sequencing (NGS) has contributed to the introduction of new targeted therapies. One of these treatments consists of a class of small molecules that target members of the FGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases. These drugs are effective and have been approved for cholangiocarcinomas with fusions or rearrangements of FGFR genes. In contrast, the role of these inhibitors in cholangiocarcinomas with mutations in FGFR genes is less well defined. We report here a patient with a cholangiocarcinoma bearing a FGFR2 p.Ser252Trp mutation. The patient was treated with two different FGFR inhibitors, as the first caused ocular toxicity. She obtained clinical benefit from both. This case illustrates the efficacy of FGFR inhibitors on cholangiocarcinoma with specific point mutations. This is the first case to report the clinical benefit of these drugs in FGFR2 p.Ser252Trp mutation. Clinical benefit can be sustained, as seen in our patient. Our case also shows that FGFR inhibitors-induced adverse effects, such as ocular toxicities, may not recur after re-challenge with an alternative drug of the same class.

  Dataset EGAD50000000021

• RNA-Sequencing of cervical cancers

  Question: Can we identify cervical cancer patients who are at risk for distant metastatic (DM) recurrence following treatment with radiotherapy, concurrent weekly cisplatin and brachytherapy (RTCT). Findings: An immune-based 55 gene risk score was developed using a cohort of 81 patients treated with RTCT that was strongly predictive of DM and cause-specific survival (CSS). The risk score was validated in two independent patient cohorts. A high immune metastatic risk score was associated with a high tumor mutational burden and a ‘cold’, immune-excluded tumor microenvironment at diagnosis. Meaning: The immune gene expression risk score may help to identify patients at risk of DM and potential targets for mitigating this risk.

  Study EGAS50000000087

• Immunogenomics of Malignant Brain Tumors

  We performed systematic and comprehensive multi-sector immunogenomic analyses on 93 samples from a cohort of 30 patients with primary or recurrent gliomas or metastatic brain tumors, representing the largest cohort of these brain cancers studied spatially to date. For each patient, we characterized multiple spatially distinct regions using whole-exome (WES), custom capture validation, RNA, and TCR-sequencing. Our findings underscore the significant differences in clonal architecture between gliomas and metastatic brain tumors which translates into distinct neoantigen landscapes and, in turn, tumor infiltrating T cell clonotypic diversity. These data therefore provide high resolution insights into the immunogenomic landscapes within malignant brain tumors which may inform tumor-specific therapeutic approaches.

  Study phs002612

• Selenium Chemoprevention: Benefits and Harms

  Selenium is a trace element that may have anti-carcinogenetic effect, but heterogenous treatment effects have been observed. This genome-wide association study investigates if genetic variation modifies the effect of selenium chemoprevention in the Selenium and Celecoxib Trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the University of Arizona Cancer Center. The objective of the clinical trial was to determine whether daily intake of 200 µg/d of selenium as a supplement could reduce the risk for developing metachronous colorectal adenomas. The study participants were recruited between 2001 and 2011. Genome-wide association study was performed for 1,323 study participants who provided blood sample at the time of study entry.

  Study phs002283

• Alcohol Dependence: Sequencing from Multiplex Families

  Two multiplex for alcohol dependence family studies were initiated based on the gender of a pair of probands. Ascertainment of a pair of AD probands was used to increase the density of alcohol dependence within the family. Identification of male (Cognitive and Personality Factors in Relatives of Alcoholics Family Study) and female (Biological Risk Factors in Female Alcoholics Family Study) alcohol dependent probands was accomplished by identifying an alcohol dependent proband while in treatment in a substance abuse treatment facility in Pittsburgh and surrounding communities who provided contact information for a sibling whom he/she thought might be interested in participating. The studies had identical ascertainment requirements. DNA was banked for all willing participants.

  Study phs001775

• RNA-Seq Data From Early Stage Triple Negative Breast Cancer Tumors Treated With TVEC and Chemotherapy (MCC18621)

  This study is a phase 1/phase 2 trial testing the combination of talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of stage II-III triple negative breast cancer. The trial demonstrated that the addition of TVEC to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was feasible, and resulted in a pathological complete response (pCR) rate of 45.9%, residual cancer burden (RCB) 0-1 rate of 65%, and event free survival of 89%. The macrodissected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were from 50 patients treated across two phases at different timepoints (pre-treatment, 6th week of treatment, and surgical resection). RNA-Seq data is provided along with clinical classifiers.

  Study phs003199

• Mucosal Melanoma Targeted Exome Sequencing Study (UCSF)

  Mucosal melanoma is a deadly disease that carries the worst prognosis amongst subtypes of melanoma. Like all melanomas, mucosal melanomas are frequently driven by activating mutations in the MAPK and/or PI3K pathways; however, unlike melanomas that arise on sun-exposed skin, mucosal melanomas harbor few point mutations. Instead, most somatic alterations involve structural alterations, which appear early during tumor progression. Molecular studies in mucosal melanoma generally only profile point mutations without interrogating copy number alterations, and pathogenic mutations are only found in 30% of cases. We sequenced 38 mucosal melanomas, and in addition to profiling point mutations, we looked for copy number alterations that amplify oncogenes or delete tumor suppressors.

  Study phs001594

• Single Cell Genome Variation Induced by Mutational Processes in Cancer - HGSOC Trios Study

  Mutational signatures derived from whole genome sequencing have potential prognostic significance. Identification of high grade serous ovarian cancer patients with deficiency in homologous recombination repair pathways could identify a subset of patients that would benefit from homologous recombination deficiency-specific treatments independent of identification of a pathological BRCA1/2 gene mutation. Clinical protocols rely on a pathologist's assessment of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, and thus FFPE tissue samples are readily available. However, the bulk of mutational signature analyses have been performed on fresh frozen tissues. In this study, we aimed to assess the reliability of whole genome sequencing, variant calling, and mutational signature analysis from FFPE tissue samples.

  Study phs003036

• Single-Cell Profiling of Premature Neonate Airways Reveals a Continuum of Myeloid Differentiation

  We set out to develop a reference single-cell transcriptomic profile of airway aspirate samples from extremely premature neonates (collected within an hour of birth). In this study, we profiled samples from 10 subjects. We identified cells in the airways of premature neonates representing a continuum of myeloid differentiation, including fetal monocytes, differentiating myeloid cells, and macrophages. Trajectory analysis identified two trajectories consistent with interstitial and alveolar macrophages, and a bridging trajectory providing an alternative route between these terminal states. We defined 259 alveolar-specific genes, 666 interstitial-specific genes, and 285 bridging-specific genes providing the first single-cell transcriptional map of differentiating airway macrophages in humans.

  Study phs003427

• PGRN-Leducq: Identification of the KCNE1 D85N Polymorphism as a Possible Modulator of Drug-Induced Torsades de Pointes

  The goal of this study was to search for genetic variants that could be responsible for modifying the risk of drug-induced long QT syndrome (diLQTS). diLQTS is a relatively common adverse drug event and has been a leading cause for drug relabeling and withdrawal from the market. Our hypothesis, that variants in genes which regulate electrical properties in the heart modify the risk of diLQTS, was tested by genotyping patients of European descent at 1424 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 candidate genes. We found that the SNP KCNE1 D85N was highly predictive of diLQTS with an odds ratio of 9.0 (95% confidence interval: 3.5-22.9).

  Study phs000617

• NHLBI TOPMed: Rare Variants for Hypertension in Taiwan Chinese (THRV)

  The THRV-TOPMed study consists of three cohorts: The SAPPHIRe Family cohort (N=1,271), TSGH (Tri-Service General Hospital, a hospital-based cohort, N=160), and TCVGH (Taichung Veterans General Hospital, another hospital-based cohort, N=922), all based in Taiwan. 1,271 subjects were previously recruited as part of the NHLBI-sponsored SAPPHIRe Network (which is part of the Family Blood Pressure Program, FBPP). The SAPPHIRe families were recruited to have two or more hypertensive sibs, some families also with one normotensive/hypotensive sib. The two Hospital-based cohorts (TSGH and TCVGH) both recruited unrelated subjects with different recruitment criteria (matched with SAPPHIRe subjects for age, sex, and BMI category).

  Study phs001387

• Phenotyping and Therapeutic Approaches for Patients with Sellar/Suprasellar Disorders

  The goal of the study is to phenotype and genotype patients with rare hypothalamic and pituitary disorders and identify biomarkers of disease diagnosis, presentation, and progression. We are investigating genetic mechanisms of pituitary tumorigenesis as well as genomic/transcriptomic markers of disease presentation and severity. Patients with suspected or confirmed hypothalamic and/or pituitary disorders and their family members are recruited. Biospecimens including peripheral blood, urine, tumor tissue (as available), and/or stool are collected. Genetic analysis may include a variety of techniques including peripheral blood or tumor tissue targeted Sanger sequencing of one or few genes, peripheral blood or tumor tissue whole exome sequencing, and other as applicable.

  Study phs003245

• Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Network (Mal-ED) Case-Control Study in Brazil

  The Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Network (Mal-ED) Case-Control Study enrolled children in the age range 6-24 months between 2010 and 2014 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.The aim of the study was to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of malnutrition. Children were prospectively enrolled cases defined as weight for age Z Score (WAZ) <-2 and age and neighborhood matched controls defined as WAZ>-1.This submission includes genetic and associated phenotypic data on a subset of 336 participants. More information on this project and its related projects can be found here: Studies of diarrheal susceptibility, growth, and development, in pediatric populations in Northeastern Brazil

  Study phs003173

• Genomic Characterization of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas

  Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) are the most common pediatric brain-tumor, with more than ten histologic subtypes recognized by the World Health Organization. We performed a genomic analysis of 230 PLGGs of which 73 had whole genome/RNA sequencing performed and show that MYB-QKI fusions define the seizure associated tumor, Angiocentric Glioma (AG). MYB-QKI fusions present in AGs contribute to tumorigenesis through three mechanisms: MYB activation by truncation, enhancer translocation driving aberrant MYB-QKI expression, and hemizygous loss of QKI, a tumor suppressor gene. Such interplay between three oncogenic mechanisms has diagnostic and therapeutic implications in AGs, and illustrates the functional complexity associated with rearrangements in cancer.

  Study phs001054

• Enhancer signatures stratify and predict outcomes of non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

  Most pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) do not produce symptoms of hormonal excess and are hence considered “non-functional”. Their clinical behaviors vary widely, emphasizing the need for a robust classification with prognostic power. Using enhancer maps to infer regulatory programs, we find that the large majority of non-functional PNETs fall into two major sub-types that reflect alpha and beta endocrine cell ontogeny, respectively. Tumors of the different subtypes have similar clinical presentations and histology, but express distinct lineage-specifying transcription factors, ARX or PDX1. Here we provide the raw ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data of the PNET cohort in this study, as well as ChIP-seq data of ileal carcinoids.

  Study phs001910

• Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study (MEC-APS)

  A total of 1,861 healthy men and postmenopausal women aged 60-77 years with body mass indexes (BMIs) of 17.1-46.2 kg/m2 were enrolled into the study. Stratified sampling was conducted based on sex, race/ethnicity, and six BMI categories (18.5-21.9, 22-24.9, 25-26.9, 27-29.9, 30-34.9, and 35-40 kg/m2) to balance the sample size across the wide range of BMI and optimize adjustment for total adiposity in populations with different BMI distributions. Study participants underwent body composition assessment, in person interview, blood collection, and completed a self-administered questionnaire. A genome-wide association study of obesity phenotypes was conducted among five racial/ethnic groups of the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

  Study phs001689

• Genomic landscape of Neutrophilic Leukemias of Ambiguous Diagnosis

  Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), and unclassified myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN-U) are a group of rare, heterogeneous myeloid disorders. There is strong morphologic resemblance amongst these distinct diagnostic entities as well as lack of specific molecular markers and limited understanding of disease pathogenesis, which has made their diagnosis challenging. Treatment has remained empirical, resulting in dismal outcomes. We, therefore, performed whole exome and RNA-sequencing on a cohort of over 100 cases of these rare hematologic malignancies and present the most complete survey of the genomic landscape of these diseases to date. [Abstract from manuscript currently under review so copyright not yet determined]

  Study phs001799

• CADD/GADD centers on Antisocial Drug Dependence

  CADD (Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence): Funded through NIDA 011015 to study genetic influences on, and treatment of, antisocial drug dependence, studying both clinical probands and their families, and community samples of matched controls, twins, and participants in an ongoing longitudinal adoption study. A collaboration between three organizations at two campuses of the University of Colorado. Longitudinal with three waves of data collection completed. GADD (Genetics of Adolescent Antisocial Drug Dependence): Funded originally through NIDA 012845, s multisite collaboration including adolescent subjects at high-risk for antisocial drug dependence and their siblings, recruited in Denver, CO and San Diego, CA. Longitudinal with two waves of data collection completed, one in progress as of May, 2018.

  Study phs001841

• NHLBI TOPMed - NHGRI CCDG: UCSF Atrial Fibrillation Study

  The University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI) Resource in Arteriosclerosis and Metabolic Disease is an ongoing multi-ethnic study of adults ≥ 18 years of age which was started in 1989 and now includes 28,000 participants recruited from the UCSF medical system. Within the Resource lies data and biospecimens from nearly 1,000 patients presenting to the electrophysiology laboratory for electrophysiology procedures that were densely phenotyped for electrophysiologic characteristics with biospecimens collected from various intra and extra-cardiac chambers. Phenotyping of all participants was achieved via interview and review of medical records. A subset of 113 participants with early-onset atrial fibrillation underwent WGS as a part of the TOPMed Program.

  Study phs001933

• Center for Common Disease Genomics [CCDG] - Cardiovascular: The Bangladesh Risk of Acute Vascular Events (BRAVE) Study

  The Bangladesh Risk of Acute Vascular Events (BRAVE) study is a hospital-based case-control study in Bangladesh which was established by the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit of Cambridge University in the UK in partnership with the key local cardiology and research centres to examine environmental, genetic, lifestyle and biochemical determinants of myocardial infarction (MI) among this South Asian population. By the end of 2016, this study has recruited ~8000 clinically confirmed first-ever MI cases (with a significant proportion being early-onset MI), and ~8000 healthy controls frequency-matched by age and sex. This site hosts data from ~500 whole genomes and ~1500 whole exomes (50% cases and 50% controls)

  Study phs001398

• Genome-Wide Association Study of Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Never-Smoking Women in Asia

  To learn about the etiology of lung cancer among never-smoking women in Asia, we formed the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia (FLCCA), which includes studies of lung cancer in Eastern Asia and conducted a GWAS. We analyzed a total of 5510 lung cancer cases and 4544 controls and identified 3 novel loci (Lan et al., 2012). Of these study subjects, 4922 lung cancer cases and 3959 controls are available for posting. Lan et al.., Genome-wide association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci in never-smoking women in Asia. Nat Genet. 2012 Dec;44(12):1330-5. doi: 10.1038/ng.2456. Epub 2012 Nov 11. PubMed PMID: 23143601.

  Study phs000716

• Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis of Carfilzomib-Related Cardiotoxicity in Multiple Myeloma Patients

  This study investigated the contribution of germline genetic variants in protein-coding genes in carfilzomib-related cardiovascular adverse events among patients with multiple myeloma using whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. We analyzed 247 patients with multiple myeloma who had been treated with carfilzomib at the Moffitt Cancer Center. We identified a missense mutation in the TMSB10/TRABD2A locus that appeared to be associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular adverse events in these patients. In this submission, we will provide all the genotype data along with the phenotype data of whether or not a patient developed cardiovascular adverse events after carfilzomib treatment and all the covariates used in this analysis.

  Study phs003308

• Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Network (Mal-ED) Birth Cohort in Brazil

  The Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Network (Mal-ED) Birth Cohort in Brazil enrolled 242 children between 2010 and 2014; an additional 101 infants recruited under the ICIDR (International Center for Infectious Disease Research) program and evaluated by the same procedures as Mal-ED were included in the cohort. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of enteropathogens in causing intestinal inflammation and a failure of growth and development.This submission includes genetic and corresponding anthropometric data on a subset of 279 participants. More information on this project and its related projects can be found here: Studies of diarrheal susceptibility, growth, and development, in pediatric populations in Northeastern Brazil

  Study phs003172

• NHLBI TOPMed - NHGRI CCDG: The GENetics in Atrial Fibrillation (GENAF) Study

  The Genetics in AF (GENAF) study enrolled individuals with early-onset lone AF before age 50 in Norway between 2009 and 2016. Early-onset was defined as diagnosis of AF before age 50. Lone AF was defined as AF in the absence of clinical or echocardiographic findings of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic or pulmonary disease. AF was documented in ECG. All participants underwent clinical examination, including ECG, echocardiography, and blood draw, from which DNA has been extracted. The study conforms to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee (REK) in Norway (Protocol reference number: 2009/2224-5). All included patients gave written informed consent.

  Study phs001547

• The Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease

  The uploaded data come from a nested case-control study, with participants with Premotor Parkinson Disease (PPS) as cases. In addition to the PPS cases, the study has three control groups: 1) constipation only controls, defined as those who only reported constipation, but not probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) or hyposmia; 2) healthy controls  who did not report constipation, pRBD or hyposmia; and 3) patients with recently diagnosed confirmed PD (diagnosed after January 1, 2010).  Participants were contacted between 2016 and 2020 for a set of two stool samples. All participants provided a baseline stool sample and a subset (N = 120) will provide a second stool sample.

  Study phs002193

• Metatranscriptomic Sequencing of Pulmonary Fluid in Immunocompromised Children

  Despite improved diagnostics, pulmonary pathogens in immunocompromised children frequently evade detection, leading to significant mortality. In version 1.0 of this study, we performed RNA-based next generation sequencing (mNGS) on 41 lower respiratory samples collected from 34 children. We identified a rich cross-domain pulmonary microbiome containing bacteria, fungi, RNA viruses, and DNA viruses in each patient. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were ubiquitous among samples but could be distinguished as possible causes of disease by parsing for outlier organisms. Potential pathogens were detected in half of samples previously negative by clinical diagnostics. In version 2.0, we included an addition 278 samples from 229 pediatric stem cell transplant patients with pulmonary disease.

  Study phs001684

• Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (Electrocardiogram Tracing Repository)

  The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a study of the characteristics of subclinical cardiovascular disease (disease detected non-invasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms) and the risk factors that predict progression to clinically overt cardiovascular disease or progression of the subclinical disease. MESA researchers study a diverse, population-based sample of 6,814 asymptomatic men and women aged 45-84. Thirty-eight percent of the recruited participants are white, 28 percent African-American, 22 percent Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian, predominantly of Chinese descent. Electrocardiogram Tracing Repository includes ECG tracings performed during MESA Exam 1 conducted between 2000 and 2002 and during MESA Exam 5 conducted between 2010 and 2012.

  Study phs003703

• ROBUST (NCT02285062)

  The ROBUST clinical trial is a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study designed to compare the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide plus R-CHOP chemotherapy (R2-CHOP) versus placebo plus R-CHOP in newly diagnosed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Molecular data was collected for all patients at screening, but the only patients of the Activated B-cell (ABC) cell-of-origin subtype were eligible for study inclusion and clinical follow-up. We have performed unsupervised clustering on this cohort and identified 7 novel transcriptional subtypes of DLBCL, one of which represents a high-risk subset of patients with high MYC expression, ABC-associated biology, and low immune infiltration.

  Study EGAS50000000333

• HiDEF-seq single-molecule sequencing of single-strand mismatches and damage

  Our study sought to resolve, with single-molecule fidelity, the mismatches and damage events that precede DNA mutations. Using a novel single-molecule, long-read sequencing method (HiDEF-seq) we detect base substitutions when present in either one or both DNA strands. We also detect cytosine deamination, a common type of DNA damage, with single-molecule fidelity. This study profiled 134 samples from diverse tissues, including from individuals with cancer predisposition syndromes. These samples revealed single-strand mismatch and damage signatures. Since double-strand DNA mutations are only the endpoint of the mutation process, our approach enables new studies of how mutations arise in a variety of contexts, especially in cancer and aging.

  Study EGAS50000000318

• Single cell RNAseq 7 days - Calprotectin in vitro effects on human early hematopoiesis

  To explore the effects of calprotectin (CAL) on early hematopoiesis, we incubated CD34+ cells from four healthy donors for 7 days in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), FLT3-ligand and thrombopoietin (TPO) without and with CAL, interleukin-6 (IL6) and the IL6_CAL combination before collecting cells. We performed the same experiment with CD34+ cells collected from three patients with JAK2-V617F-mediated myelofibrosis (MF). A total of 135,545 cells from healthy donors and 111,725 cells from myelofibrosis patients were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using the 10X Chromium droplet-based platform. Single cell RNAseq 7 days - Normal and tumor samples 4 conditons : -Control - Calprotectin - IL-6 - Calprotectin+IL-6

  Study EGAS50000000455

• Bulk ATACseq 7days - Calprotectin in vitro effects on human early hematopoiesis

  To explore the effects of calprotectin (CAL) on early hematopoiesis, we incubated CD34+ cells from four healthy donors for 7 days in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), FLT3-ligand and thrombopoietin (TPO) without and with CAL, interleukin-6 (IL6) and the IL6_CAL combination before collecting cells. We performed the same experiment with CD34+ cells collected from three patients with JAK2-V617F-mediated myelofibrosis (MF). A total of 135,545 cells from healthy donors and 111,725 cells from myelofibrosis patients were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using the 10X Chromium droplet-based platform. Bulk ATACseq 7days - Normal and tumor samples 4 conditons : -Control - Calprotectin - IL-6 - Calprotectin+IL-6

  Study EGAS50000000456

• Precision Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Middle Eastern Populations

  We constructed de novo genome assemblies for six family trios from diverse Middle Eastern ancestries (Sudan, Jordan, Syria, Qatar, and Afghanistan), involving probands with various unresolved neurodevelopmental conditions. We generated high-quality, nearly complete genome assemblies for trios, revealing extended novel sequence impacting known genes, novel HLA/KIR alleles, and strong signals of inbreeding, with runs of homozygosity covering large parts of individual chromosomes. We also identified potential disease variants underlying the unresolved symptoms. Also, the assemblies uncovered unique variation relative to existing references, showing enhanced mapping and variant calling of Middle Eastern genomes. The dataset available through dbGaP includes raw short (Illumina) and long (PacBio) sequencing reads and assembled haplotypes.

  Study phs003917

• CpG methylation changes associated with hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes occur at angiogenic glomerular and retinal gene loci.

  Retinal and glomerular microangiopathy, and cardiovascular disease, contribute to the morbidity and mortality observed in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). While the level and duration of hyperglycemia are primary factors influencing these complications, the underlying molecular mechanisms behind glucose-induced organ damage remain poorly understood. In this study, blood samples from young T1D patients at diagnosis and three years later in average were analyzed for DNA methylation using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Significant DNA methylation changes in critical angiogenic gene loci were associated with HbA1c, a direct hallmark of chronic hyperglycemia. This finding may offer novel epigenetic insights for a better understanding of T1D complications.

  Study EGAS50000000370

• Re-evaluation of human mitochondrial DNA methylation reveals signals consistent with technical artifacts

  The existence and functional relevance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation remain controversial. We assessed 5mC and 5hmC in human brain, blood, and related cancers using both enzymatic and native DNA sequencing. While nuclear DNA exhibited expected methylation patterns, mtDNA consistently showed negligible methylation levels, indistinguishable from technical noise. Elevated methylation in nuclear-embedded mitochondrial sequences demonstrates a clear potential to confound mtDNA methylation measurements. Furthermore, technical discrepancies in mtDNA methylation were observed, underscoring the need for careful evaluation when interpreting data generated using earlier sequencing workflows. Our findings provide evidence against the presence of 5mC or 5hmC in mtDNA under the physiological and pathological conditions studied.

  Study EGAS50000001186

• Insights into BRCA1 and TP53 associated breast cancer development from integrated whole genome analysis of mouse model mammary tumors

  Germline mutations in BRCA1 are a leading cause of hereditary breast cancer. We generated Brca1;Trp53 double conditional knockout (CKO) and Trp53 single CKO mouse models, both with either one or two copies of Trp53 deleted by Cre. We used whole-genome sequencing and optical genome mapping to interrogate the genomes of the resulting mammary tumors. Our comprehensive genomic analyses show that the Brca1;Trp53-CKO tumors recapitulate major genomic features of the human BRCA1 breast samples indicative of conserved fundamental mutational processes. This study also provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms of tumor development with potential implications for the treatment of BRCA1 cancers.

  Study EGAS50000001402

• 10X whole single cell RNA-seq from pre-frontal cortex biopsy

  The biopsy procedure was performed by a standard operative procedure under general anaesthesia. The placement of burr hole on the frontal lobe, opening of dura and cortex was performed in a routine fashion for VP shunt or VCS surgery. The biopsy was sharp dissected with knife through the leptomeninges, forming a tissue block consisting of cortex and subcortex, and placed in a sterile tube containing CSF. Fresh tissue sample processing was performed within the hours after surgery. The tissue was dissociated followed by red cell and debris removal and counting of the cells to be sequenced with (scRNA-seq; 10x Genomics). After dissociation only non neuronal cells were retrieved.

  Study EGAS50000001058

• Splicing signature analysis of RNU2-2 samples

  Dominant pathogenic variants in the snRNA RNU2-2 were recently reported as a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. In our study we identified additional individuals with dominant variants (n.4G>A and n.35A>G) and we also identified biallelic variants as a novel frequent cause of neurodevelopmental disorder. We obtained blood samples and performed short-term lymhocytes cultures for 19 cases (5 n.4; 5 n.35; 9 biallelic). We generated exome-capture RNA-Seq for these cases that we compared to 49 controls (probands affected from a neurodevelopmental disorder but without RNU2-2 variants). We observed that RNU2-2 variants mainly disturb alternative exon skipping, although affecting different exons.

  Study EGAS50000001410

• Fragmentomics analyses of urinary cell-free DNA permit multi-urologic cancer detection and reduction in tissue biopsies for prostate cancer

  This study demonstrated the close association between urinary cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation status and the fragmentation patterns in healthy controls and patients with various diseases. Fragmentomics-based methylation analysis (FRAGMA) enables accurate estimation of methylation levels in urinary cfDNA, which is proved by paired bisulfite sequencing and non-bisulfite sequencing data. FRAGMA showed high accuracy in deducing tissue-of-origin of urinary cfDNA in transplantation patients and pregnant women. Moreover, FRAGMA showed great potential in the detection and classification of multiple cancers from the urinary system, including bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer. This study demonstrated that FRAGMA could be applied to improve current diagnostic strategies based on urine samples.

  Study EGAS50000001431

• A Single-Cell and Spatial Atlas of Early Human Olfactory Development

  The human nasal region is a complex structure derived from neural crest and placodal lineages, but its development remains poorly understood due to limited fetal tissue access and its intricate architecture. To address this, we created a single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomic atlas of the human fetal nasal region using tissue from 10 fetuses between 7 and 12 post-conceptional weeks. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) revealed 34 distinct cell types, including epithelial, cartilaginous, immune, neuronal, glial, muscular, and vascular cells. By integrating snRNA-seq with multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH), we tracked dynamic changes in cell composition and gene expression over time in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and surrounding nasal regions. We identified novel markers of olfactory sensory neuron development and key pathways regulating epithelial patterning and OE morphogenesis. Notably, we observed early molecular signatures consistent with the "one neuron-one receptor" model, with spatially organized expression of 171 olfactory receptor genes. Together, this study presents the first integrated molecular and spatial framework of early human nasal development. It offers an unprecedented molecular blueprint of olfactory system formation and serves as a foundational resource for embryologists and developmental biologists studying sensory neurogenesis, epithelial patterning, and congenital disorders.

  Dataset EGAD50000001712

• Diagnostic Exome Sequencing in Persons with Severe Intellectual Disability

  Intellectual disability is a common condition that carries lifelong severe medical and developmental consequences. The causes of intellectual disability (ID) remain unknown for the majority of patients due to the extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. De novo mutations may play an important role in ID as most individuals with ID present as isolated cases without family history and/or clear syndromic indication. In addition, the involvement of such mutations have recently been demonstrated in a small number of individuals with ID. Here we evaluate the diagnostic potential and role of de novo mutations in a cohort of 100 patients with ID of unknown cause using family-based exome sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001000287

• Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of thymic epithelial tumors

  Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), comprising various histologic types of thymomas and thymic carcinomas, originate from thymic epithelial cells. Each histologic type is typically associated with a distinct immune cell composition and clinical manifestation. A better understanding of the cellular origins and molecular pathways underlying this heterogeneity is needed to improve patient stratification and treatment. Here, we conducted an integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 124 thymomas and 13 thymic carcinomas, including 20 newly sequenced cases combined with 117 cases from publicly available datasets. This approach stratified TETs into three subgroups with different possible origins: GTF2I-mutant (GTF2I-type) thymomas, copy number-altered (CN-type) thymomas, and thymic carcinomas.

  Study EGAS00001004227

• DNA_repair_in_BLM_deficient_hiPSCs

  We are aiming to investigate repair of a double strand break (DSB) within the genome in the presence and absence of the BLOOM protein. Zinc Finger Nucleases introduce DSBs at specified loci within the genome. Using sequencing we will assess the size of the deletion following repair. Protocol1. Transfect normal and BLOOM deficient human iPS cells with ZFNs, using AMXA2. Harvest cells after 5 days3. Perform column extraction of DNA4. PCR-amplify the ZFN region 5. Sequence and analyse repair of the DSBThis data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001000740

• UQCCR/QCMG brain metastasis sequence analysis

  The present study, conducted by the UQCCR and QCMG at the University of Queensland, investigated the genomic landscape of brain metastases from 36 patients (with matched normal samples) that originated from a range of primary tumour sites (including breast (11), lung (18), melanoma (6) and oesophageal (1)) utilizing Illumina 2500 HiSeq Exome sequencing. Somatic substitutions were identified using a dual qSNP/GATK calling strategy. The Pindel tool was used to determined short insertions and deletions. Key biological pathways were investigated using pathway analysis tools. It is envisaged that the current work may provide important biological insights into the genomic characterization and evolution of brain metastasis and additionally identify druggable targets of clinical relevance.

  Study EGAS00001000722

• BLUEPRINT Gene expression analysis during human B-cell differentiation using the Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Array

  We performed gene expression analysis using the Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Array of 9 subpopulations covering the complete B-cell maturation program: hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC); pre-B-I cells (preB1C); pre-B-II cells (preB2C); naive B cells from peripheral blood (naiBC); naive B cells from tonsil (t-naiBC); germinal center B cells (gcBC); plasma cells from tonsil (t-PC); memory B cells from peripheral blood (memBC) and plasma cells from bone marrow (bm-PC). All the samples were isolated from healthy donors and, with the exception of bm-PC (only 1 replicate), we used 3 to 11 biological replicates of each subtype.

  Study EGAS00001001197

• STREP GENE: Genetics and Severe Streptococcal Infections

  This study investigated host genetic susceptibility to invasive group A streptococcal disease in the UK. Cases were either survivors recruited retrospectively through a patient group or identified from the a tissue bank at Imperial College London. Those recruited through the patient group had survived an episode of invasive GAS disease at a UK hospital since 1980 with microbiological confirmation obtained either through Public Health England or from the treating hospital. Those identified from the tissue bank had been diagnosed with invasive GAS disease at the Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, since 2006. All cases aged less than 65 years without long-term medical conditions genome-wide genotyped using either the Illumina HumanCore or the Global Screening Array platform.

  Study EGAS00001003421

• Genomic profiling of ovarian adult type granulosa cell tumors

  To investigate the genomic landscape of primary and recurrent ovarian adult type granulosa cell tumors, we first identified an exploratory cohort comprised of cryopreserved surgical biopsies from 24 patients (primary, n = 8; recurrent, n = 16) with 20 having matched normal tissue or peripheral blood samples. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on these tumor samples at 200X target coverage (mean 226; range 165-296) and also performed WES on the available normal samples. In addition, we performed cancer gene panel sequencing using the T200.1 hybrid capture platform on FFPE tissue from 55 additional patients (primary, n = 27; recurrent, n = 28), of which we sequenced matched normal tissue for a total of 44.

  Study EGAS00001002833

• Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alters the genomic landscape and immune microenvironment of breast cancers

  To characterize the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the genome, transcriptome and tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), we have conducted whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing of a comprehensive, longitudinal breast cancer cohort consisting of 146 cases and 281 paired tumor samples. In total, 52 (38%) patients achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) while 85 patients (62%) had residual disease with standard chemotherapy regimen. Tumor biopsies were collected for each patient at three time points – pre-treatment, three weeks after the first cycle of anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC) and at the time of surgery after 3 more cycles of AC followed by 4 cycles of taxane or taxane plus Herceptin in case of HER2+ subtype.

  Study EGAS00001003354

• Whole_exome_sequencing_for_clarification_of_rare_causes_of_axonal_Charcot_Marie_Tooth_disease_

  The project is focused on the axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. We have selected 13 families (7 from Spain and 6 from Czech Republic) that have been indepth clinically assessed and previously tested for mutations in known CMT genes without causal variants characterised. In these patients we expect to discover several CMT2 genes. Thus, we requested for exome sequencing of 45 DNAs:27 exomes in families from Spain and 18 exomes in the families from Czech Republic. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002067

• Next Generation Sequencing platform for targeted Personalized Therapy of Leukemia - Acute myeloid leukemia

  The advent of high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies that are revolutionizing genomics and transcriptomics by providing a single base resolution tool for a unified deep analysis of diseases complexity allows a fast and cost-efficient fine-scale assessment of the genetic variability hidden within cohorts of patients affected by the same leukemia. That being so, by potentially highlighting inter-individual differences that may play a role in the differential success of diverse therapeutic interventions, they promise to be crucial for selecting the most appropriate medical treatments. The project aims at the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and studied the molecular differences between aneuploid and euploid AML.

  Study EGAS00001005464

• PPIL4 is essential for brain angiogenesis and implicated in intracranial aneurysm in humans

  Rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a sudden-onset disease often causing severe disability or death. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified significant enrichment of rare, deleterious mutations in PPIL4 in both index and familial IA cases. Ppil4 depletion causes intracerebral hemorrhage, defects in cerebrovascular morphology, and impaired Wnt signaling in vivo. Wild type, but not IA-mutant PPIL4, potentiates Wnt signaling by binding JMJD6, a known angiogenesis regulator and Wnt activator. These findings identify a novel PPIL4-dependent Wnt signaling mechanism involved in brain-specific angiogenesis and maintenance of cerebrovascular integrity, and implicate PPIL4 gene variation in the pathogenesis of human IA.

  Study EGAS00001005518

• Deregulation of DUX4 and ERG in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Chromosomal rearrangements deregulating hematopoietic transcription factors are common leukemia-initiating lesions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Here, we show that deregulation of the homeobox transcription factor gene DUX4 and the ETS transcription factor gene ERG are hallmarks of a subtype of B-progenitor ALL with a distinct gene expression profile that comprises up to 7% of B-ALL. DUX4 rearrangement and overexpression is present in all cases, and is accompanied by profound transcriptional deregulation of ERG, frequent ERG deletion and expression of a truncated ERG isoform, ERGalt. ERGalt utilizes a non-canonical first exon that is bound by DUX4 and induces its expression....

  Study EGAS00001001923

• Single-cell RNA-seq data of the tumor microenvironment of lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin lymphoma and other Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes

  Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma (LR-CHL) is a rare subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma. Recent technical advances have allowed for the characterization of specific crosstalk mechanisms between malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells and different normal immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of CHL. However, the TME of LR-CHL has not yet been characterized at single cell resolution. Here, using single cell RNA sequencing, we examined the immune cell profile of 8 cell suspension samples of LR-CHL in comparison to 20 samples of the mixed cellularity (9 cases) and nodular sclerosis (11 cases) subtypes of CHL, as well as 5 reactive lymph node controls.

  Study EGAS00001005541

• Time-dependent characterization of CNS response in COVID-19

  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, but the observation of diverse neurological symptoms indicates that other organs, including the brain, may be involved. The pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19-associated effects on the central nervous system (CNS) have become clearer during the past two years. Nevertheless, the precise CNS-specific molecular mechanisms are still elusive and raise several questions. To further elucidate the host response at brain tissue level, we profiled single-nucleus transcriptomes and performed proteomics from olfactory mucosa, olfactory bulb, medulla oblongata and cerebellum at different timepoints of the disease in individuals who died of COVID-19 and underwent rapid autopsy.

  Study EGAS00001006442

• Host-microbe interactions in a novel SARS-CoV-2 human challenge model

  This research leverages previously collected clinical data and samples from a first-in-human SARS-CoV-2 challenge study conducted in healthy adults without serological evidence of prior infection or vaccination. We performed shotgun metagenomic and RNA sequencing of serially collected mid-turbinate nasal and throat swab samples from 34 adults who were inoculated with a wild-type virus, 18 (53%) of whom developed PCR-confirmed infection. By integrating microbiome and host transcriptome data, this research will provide insight into the complex interplay between the upper respiratory microbiota and the host immune system, offering a deeper understanding of factors that influence susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viral infections.

  Study EGAS50000001440

• Somatic mutation rates scale with lifespan across mammals

  The rates and patterns of somatic mutation in normal tissues are largely unknown outside of humans. Comparative analyses can shed light on the diversity of mutagenesis across species and on long-standing hypotheses regarding the evolution of somatic mutation rates and their role in cancer and ageing. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing of 208 intestinal crypts from 56 individuals to study the landscape of somatic mutation across 16 mammalian species. We found somatic mutagenesis to be dominated by seemingly endogenous mutational processes in all species, including 5-methylcytosine deamination and oxidative damage. With some differences, mutational signatures in other species resembled those described in humans, although the relative contribution of each signature varied across species. Remarkably, the somatic mutation rate per year varied greatly across species and exhibited a strong inverse relationship with species lifespan, with no other life-history trait studied displaying a comparable association. Despite widely different life histories among the species surveyed, including ~30-fold variation in lifespan and ~40,000-fold variation in body mass, the somatic mutation burden at the end of lifespan varied only by a factor of ~3. These data unveil common mutational processes across mammals and suggest that somatic mutation rates are evolutionarily constrained and may be a determinant of lifespan.

  Dataset EGAD00001008032

• 59 CLPD-NK cases WGS & WTS data

  For the cohort of 59 samples, we performed TruSeq DNA PCR-Free whole-genome sequencing library preparation according to manufacturer’s instructions (llumina, ILMN, San Diego, CA) on the automated NGS Star liquid handling platform (Hamilton, Bonaduz, Switzerland) followed by 2x150 bp paired-end sequencing on the HiSeqX or NovaSeq6000 (ILMN). An average coverage of >100x was achieved. For whole transcriptome analysis, the TruSeq Total Stranded RNA kit was used, starting with 250 ng of total RNA, to generate RNA libraries following the manufacturer’s recommendations (ILMN). 2x100bp paired-end reads were sequenced on the NovaSeq 6000 with a median of 50 mio. reads per sample (ILMN).

  Dataset EGAD00001008558

• Genomic profiling of IBC

  We collected matched pretreatment blood and tumor samples from 19 patients with primary TN-IBC enrolled in a phase II clinical trial (NCT02876107). Patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or the anti-EGFR antibody panitumumab (PmAb) plus NAC (PmAb/NAC). We conducted whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and CIBERSORT analyses for these TN-IBC samples and compare the genetic and molecular profiles with similarly analyzed stage III TN-non-IBC patient samples. We also compared the genetic and molecular characteristics of TN-IBC in patients who had a pathologic complete response (pCR) to NAC or PmAb/NAC treatment, a suitable surrogate endpoint for IBC, with those who did not have pCR (non-pCR).

  Study EGAS00001007520

• Chip_seq_oesophageal_adenocarcinoma_

  There is complex interplay between underlying genetic sequence and epigenetic factors, however this interplay is still illusive. Massively reconstructed cancer genomes can be used in order to better understand this relationship. Six oesophageal adenocarcinoma organoids will be sequenced using long read sequencing technologies and will be profiled for a range of epigenetic marks. Combination of genetic and epigenetic data will allow the thorough characterisation of reference cancer genomes and will provide novel insights into mechanisms of gene regulation. Description: Chip-seq Sequencing of 5 patient derived organoid cell models. Each model was derived from a piece of patient tumour taken following surgical rescetion of the tumour. All model derivations took place with the CGaP facility in Sanger.

  Study EGAS00001007180

• A standardised framework for robust fragmentomic feature extraction from cell-free DNA sequencing data

  Fragmentomic features of cell-free DNA represent promising non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, a lack of systematic evaluation of biases in feature quantification has hindered the adoption of such applications. We compared features derived from whole-genome sequencing of ten healthy donors using nine library kits and ten data-processing routes, and validated them in 1,182 plasma samples from published studies. Our results clarify the variations resulting from library preparation and feature quantification methods. We designed the Trim Align Pipeline and the cfDNAPro R package as unified interfaces for data pre-processing, feature extraction, and visualisation, aiming to standardise multimodal feature engineering and integration for machine learning.

  Study EGAS00001008051

• Detection of Genes Predisposing to Hematologic Malignancies

  We have been conducting genetic studies on families at high risk of different hematologic malignancies, in order to define the related tumors in the families, define precursor and other related conditions, and map and identify susceptibility genes. We have focused mainly on four types of lymphoid malignancies: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). A few families with a rare lymphoma subtype, hairy cell leukemia (HCL) are included. In addition, single large pedigrees with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and juvenile myelomocytic leukemia (JMML) are included. Families are ascertained for having at least two patients with the same hematologic malignancy and are classified by the type of malignancy that predominates in the family. Multiple types of lymphoid malignancies are often found in the same family. Other data has shown that these conditions aggregate together in families. Verification of cancer diagnoses is obtained through medical records, pathology reports, and flow cytometry. Family members with precursor traits are also included, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) in CLL families and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in WM families.

  Study phs001219

• High response rate to anti PD-1 therapy in desmoplastic melanoma

  Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare subtype of melanoma characterized by dense fibrous stroma, resistance to chemotherapy and a lack of actionable driver mutations, but is highly associated with ultraviolet light DNA damage. We analysed 60 patients with advanced DM treated with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) blocking antibody therapy. Objective tumor responses were observed in 42 of the 60 patients (70%, 95% confidence interval 57-81%), including 19 patients (32% overall) with a complete response. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a high mutational load and frequent NF-1 mutations (14 out of 17 cases). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis from 19 DM and 13 non-DM revealed a higher percentage of PD-L1 positive cells in the tumor parenchyma in DM (p = 0.04), highly associated with increased CD8 density and PD-L1 expression in the tumor invasive margin. Therefore, patients with advanced DM derive significant clinical benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy despite being a cancer defined by its dense desmoplastic fibrous stroma. The benefit is likely derived from the high mutational burden and a frequent pre-existing adaptive immune response limited by PD-L1 expression.

  Study phs001469

• Vaccine-Expanded Plasmablast-like B Cells Are Associated with Response to Dendritic Cell Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma

  Dendritic cells (DCs), either monocyte-derived (moDCs) or naturally circulating, have been employed in cancer treatment across both metastatic and adjuvant settings. DC vaccines (DC Vax) are capable of inducing tumor-specific immune responses, yet clinical outcomes have thus far fallen short of expectations. Here, we performed a multi-omics analysis of the apheresis product, including CD14⁺ monocytes, and the final DCVax formulation. Among all the components analyzed, the most striking finding was the unexpected presence of CD19⁺ B cells within the DC Vax formulation, which distinguished Responders from Non-Responders to moDC vaccination in metastatic melanoma. The abundance of B cells in DC Vax correlated with their peripheral frequency; however, within the vaccine, these cells acquired a CD20lowCD27hiCD38hi plasmablast-like phenotype, distinct from their autologous circulating B-cell precursors. Notably, a parallel observation was made in Responders, whose pre-treatment lesions were enriched in B cells organized as Tertiary Lymphoid Structures. These results underscore the importance of B cells in both baseline immunity and DCVax formulation, hinting at unexplored mechanisms by which they may influence vaccine effectiveness.

  Study EGAS50000001177

• Response to tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte adoptive therapy is associated with preexisting CD8+ T-myeloid cell networks in melanoma

  Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo–expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can eliminate or shrink metastatic melanoma, but its long-term efficacy remains limited to a fraction of patients. Using longitudinal samples from 13 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with TIL-ACT in a phase 1 clinical study, we interrogated cellular states within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their interactions. We performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and spatial proteomic analyses in pre- and post-ACT tumor tissues, finding that ACT responders exhibited higher basal tumor cell–intrinsic immunogenicity and mutational burden. Compared with nonresponders, CD8+ TILs exhibited increased cytotoxicity, exhaustion, and costimulation, whereas myeloid cells had increased type I interferon signaling in responders. Cell-cell interaction prediction analyses corroborated by spatial neighborhood analyses revealed that responders had rich baseline intratumoral and stromal tumor–reactive T cell networks with activated myeloid populations. Successful TIL-ACT therapy further reprogrammed the myeloid compartment and increased TIL-myeloid networks. Our systematic target discovery study identifies potential T-myeloid cell network–based biomarkers that could improve patient selection and guide the design of ACT clinical trials.

  Study EGAS50000001217

• Error-corrected flow-based sequencing at whole genome scale and its application to circulating cell-free DNA profiling

  Differentiating sequencing errors from true variants is a central genomics challenge calling for error suppression strategies that balance costs when sparse material or ultra-rare variants require high-accuracy methods. For example, circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) sequencing for cancer monitoring is limited by sparsity of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), abundance of genomic material in samples, library preparation error rates and sequencing errors. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can overcome the low abundance of ccfDNA by integrating signal across the mutation landscape, but higher cost limits adoption compared with targeted panels, where ccfDNA abundance limits maximal coverage depths. Here we applied deep (~120x) lower-cost WGS (Ultima Genomics) with analytic error correction for tumor-informed ctDNA detection within the part-per-million range. We further developed high-coverage duplex error-corrected WGS of ccfDNA, achieving 7.7x10-8 error rates, to assess disease burden in melanoma and urothelial cancer patients without matched tumor sequencing. Together, we show that deeply sequenced error-corrected WGS accurately calls somatic variants, demonstrating the feasibility of WGS for tumor-informed and tumor-agnostic ctDNA detection.

  Study EGAS50000000844

• Non-canonical NF-κB signaling skews B cells away from germinal center to low-affinity effector fate

  The non-canonical (NC) NF-κB pathway is a central regulator of B-cell development and survival, yet its role during B-cell mediated adaptive responses remains uncharted. Here, we uncover an unanticipated regulatory function for NC NF-κB in shaping humoral immunity. High-resolution mapping of NC NF-kB status in B cells from human lymphoid tissues revealed low activity in germinal center B-cells (GCB) than effector subsets, suggesting a selective attenuation. Consistently, mice model harboring B-cells with enforced NC NF-κB activation revealed near- complete loss of GCB and high-affinity antibodies, following vaccination. GCB loss was not driven by intrinsic defects in formation or expansion, but by an immune-niche dysregulation marked by regulatory T-cell expansion. Mechanistically, NC NF-κB activation promoted B-cell- derived IL-10, and blocking this axis normalize the niche and rescue GCB. Concurrently, NC NF- κB signaling boosted low-affinity antibody responses by transcriptionally priming follicular B- cells for plasmacytic differentiation. Together, these findings position NC NF-κB as a tunable rheostat linking B-cell signaling to immune-niche control and humoral immunity.

  Study EGAS50000001646