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• Piloting exome resequencing in consanguineous families with homozygosity mapping intervals

  This pilot study aims to generate pilot data to inform future study designs in consanguineous families or inbred populations by resequencing the exome of six individuals from five families with neurodevelopmental diseases. For all of these families a single mapping interval containing the causal variant has previously been identified.

  Study EGAS00001000024

• Genome sequencing of biliary tract cancers

  Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous with poor response to treatments. Genomic profiling can offer a clearer understanding of their carcinogenesis, classification and treatment strategy. We performed genome sequencing analyses for a large scale samples of BTCs to investigate their somatic and germline driver events and characterize their genomic landscape.

  Study JGAS000109

• Genome sequencing of biliary tract cancers

  Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous with poor response to treatments. Genomic profiling can offer a clearer understanding of their carcinogenesis, classification and treatment strategy. We performed genome sequencing analyses for a large scale samples of BTCs to investigate their somatic and germline driver events and characterize their genomic landscape.

  Study JGAS000389

• Repeated sampling

  Repeated sampling experiment – sample acquisition A repeated sampling experiment was set up to specifically evaluate the effect of increasing time after death on sample quality. Selected non-tumor and large tumor tissues (with enough material available to collect for this experiment beside routine sampling) were sampled repeatedly at 1.5-hour time intervals during the autopsy.

  Study EGAS50000000224

• ATAC-seq of a selected group of AML cases

  ATAC-seq data were generated for a number of selected patients to investigate changes in enhancer and promoter regions. ATAC-seq was essentially carried out as described in31. Briefly, prior to transposition the viability of the cells was assessed and 1 × 106 cells were treated in culture medium with DNase I (Sigma) at a final concentration of 200 U ml−1 for 30 minutes at 37 °C. After Dnase I treatment, cells were washed twice with ice-cold PBS, and cell viability and the corresponding cell count were assessed. 5 × 104 cells were aliquoted into a new tube and spun down at 500 × g for 5 minutes at 4 °C, before the supernatant was discarded completely. The cell pellet was resuspended in 50 µl of ATAC-RSB buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 10 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl2) containing 0.1% NP-40, 0.1% Tween-20, and 1% Digitonin (Promega), and was incubated on ice for 3 minutes to lyse the cells. Lysis was washed out with 1 ml of ATAC-RSB buffer containing 0.1% Tween-20. Nuclei were pelleted at 500 × g for 10 minutes at 4 °C. The supernatant was discarded carefully and the cell pellet was resuspended in 50 µl of transposition mixture (25 µl 2× tagment DNA buffer, 2.5 µl transposase (100 nM final; Illumina), 16.5 µl PBS, 0.5 µl 1% digitonin, 0.5 µl 10% Tween-20, 5 µl H2O) by pipetting up and down six times. The reaction was incubated at 37 °C for 30 minutes with mixing before the DNA was purified using the Monarch PCR & DNA Cleanup Kit (NEB) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Purified DNA was eluted in 20 µl elution buffer (EB) and 10 µl purified sample was objected to a ten-cycle PCR amplification using Nextera i7- and i5-index primers (Illumina). Purification and size selection of the amplified DNA were carried out with Agencourt AMPure XP beads. For purification the ratio of sample to beads was set to 1:1.8, whereas for size selection the ratio was set to 1:0.55. Purified samples were eluted in 15 µl of EB. Quality and concentration of the generated ATAC libraries were analyzed using the High Sensitivity D1000 ScreenTape Kit (Agilent) and libraries were sequenced paired-end on a NovaSeq (Illumina). ATAC-seq reads were aligned to the human reference genome build hg19 with bowtie2

  Dataset EGAD00001007583

• Clinical Cancer Genomic Profiling by Three-Platform Sequencing of Whole Genome, Whole Exome and Transcriptome

  To evaluate the potential of an integrated clinical test to detect diverse classes of somatic and germline mutations relevant to pediatric oncology, we performed three-platform whole-genome (WGS), whole exome (WES) and transcriptome (RNA-Seq) sequencing of tumors and normal tissue from 78 pediatric cancer patients in a CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited laboratory. Our analysis pipeline achieves high accuracy by cross-validating variants between sequencing types, thereby removing the need for confirmatory testing, and facilitates comprehensive reporting in a clinically-relevant timeframe. Three-platform sequencing has a positive predictive value of 97-99%, 99% and 91% for somatic SNVs, indels and structural variations, respectively, based on independent experimental verification of 15,225 variants. We report 240 pathogenic variants across all cases, including 84 of 86 known from previous diagnostic testing (98% sensitivity). Combined WES and RNA-Seq, the current standard for precision oncology, achieved only 78% sensitivity. These results emphasize the critical need for incorporating WGS in pediatric oncology testing.

  Study EGAS00001002217

• Automated image-based profiling of complex drug induced phenotypes in patient-derived organoids

  We established a platform for high-throughput confocal fluorescence microscopy and automated image analysis to perform large-scale drug response profiling with patient derived organoids (PDOs). Using PDO lines newly established from colorectal cancer patients with a standardized workflow, we performed chemical perturbations with more than 500 experimental and clinically used compounds. Subsequently, we captured approx. six million images by confocal microscopy. To analyze drug-induced PDO re-organization on a single organoid level we developed SCOPE, a software framework for automated PDO high-throughput image analysis. We observed a rich variety of divergent and reoccurring compound induced phenotypes in organoids. Perturbation of cellular processes, including signaling by MEK, GSK3β, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and others, led to recurring and distinct architectural changes. Highlighting the clinical relevance, PDO viability was heterogeneous after perturbation with anticancer drugs and matched clinical response of corresponding colorectal cancer patients. Our work opens new avenues for image-based profiling for accelerated drug discovery and clinical decision-making.

  Study EGAS00001003140

• MYCN Amplification and ATRX Mutations are Incompatible in Neuroblastoma

  Age and stage of disease at diagnosis is associated with outcome in neuroblastoma. A previous study identified ATRX point mutations and in-frame deletions in older patients with stage 4 disease. To validate the frequency of ATRX mutations and assess the relation of mutations and known prognostic variables, we collaborated with the Children’s Oncology Group and sequenced the entire ATRX genomic locus in 475 neuroblastoma tumor samples to validate the frequency of ATRX mutations and assess the relation of mutations and known prognostic variables. Older age at diagnosis, stage 4 disease, and unfavorable histology were significantly associated with mutations in the ATRX gene; MYCN amplification was mutually exclusive from ATRX mutations. To directly test if ATRX mutations and MYCN amplification are incompatible in neuroblastoma, we mutated the ATRX gene in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines and ectopically expressed MYCN in ATRX mutant neuroblastoma cell lines. Both approaches showed that ATRX and MYCN amplification are incompatible in neuroblastoma in culture and in vivo. To gain a better understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of this incompatibility, we performed a series of experiments including telomere analysis, epigenetic profiling, electron microscopic analysis and metabolic profiling. We discovered that induction of MYCN expression in ATRX mutant neuroblastomas cells leads to metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species and replicative stress. We propose that this leads to synthetic lethality in ATRX mutant neuroblastomas because of the underlying replicative stress in those cells as a result of dysfunction of this essential histone chaperone.

  Study EGAS00001003257

• High-Risk Breast Cancer GWAS

  The GWAS includes High Risk Women from the following epidemiological studies of breast cancer, comprising a total of 3,719 cases and 3,642 controls (cases/controls: MEC, 0/200; ABCFR, 326/418; FCCC, 56/3; BCFR-UT, 66/32; CNIO-BC, 87/92; GESBC, 65/0; LIFE, 164/0; MARIE, 41/105; MAYO, 208/210; MNYR, 293/409; MSKCC, 310/0; NC-BCFR, 234/233; OFBCR, 553/560; POSH, 377/0; HBOC, 47/47; BBCS, 612/1333; UPENN, 280/0 This study was funded by a grant CA165038 to Christopher Haiman (University of Southern California) and John Hopper (University of Melbourne) from the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health. The contributing studies: Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). This study was supported by grant UM1 CA164973 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health. Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry, the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry Cohort (OFBCR). This study was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. Utah Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR-UT). This study was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry (MNYR). This study was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. Northern California site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry (NC-BCFR). This study was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. Australian Breast Cancer Family Registry (ABCFR). This study was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. Breast Cancer Study (CNIO-BC). This study has been partially funded by The Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) and the Spanish National Genotyping Center (CEGEN). Genetic Epidemiologic Study of Breast Cancer (GESBC). The GESBC was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e. V. [70492] and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). Mammary Carcinoma Risk Factor Study (MARIE). This study was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V. [70-2892-BR I, 106332, 108253, 108419], the Hamburg Cancer Society, the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany [01KH0402]. Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH). Funding for the POSH study was provided by Cancer Research UK (grant refs A7572, A11699, C22524), the Breast Cancer Campaign (grant number: 2013MayPR044) and from 2003-2006 by a grant from The Wessex Cancer Trust. Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH). Funding for the POSH study was provided by Cancer Research UK (grant refs A7572, A11699, C22524), the Breast Cancer Campaign (grant number: 2013MayPR044) and from 2003-2006 by a grant from The Wessex Cancer Trust. Hereditary Breast and ovarian Cancer: Genetic and Molecular Studies (HBOC). This study was supported by National Cancer Institute grant CA58860 and The Lon V Smith Foundation: LVSF-44528. Mayo Clinic inherited breast and ovarian cancer study (MAYO). This study was supported by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, NIH grants CA192393, CA176785, and an NIH CA116201 Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer. British Breast Cancer Study (BBCS); Mammographic oestrogens and growth factor study (MOG). The BBCS and the MOG study are funded by Cancer Research UK and Breakthrough Breast Cancer and acknowledge NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN). Genotyping of non-BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (UPENN). The study is supported by the Basser Research Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Rooney Family Foundation, NIH grants CA176785 and CA192393, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Susan G. Komen Foundation for the Cure and Macdonald Family Foundation. Clinical Significance of Germline BRCA Mutations (MSKCC). The study is supported by the Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Research Initiative, The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Cancer Center Support Grant from the National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute 5P30 CA08748-40. Women's Learning the Influence of Family and Environment (LIFE). This study was supported by grants CA17054 and CA74847 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, No. 4PB-0092 from the California Breast Cancer Research Program of the University of California. Philadelphia site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry at Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC). This study is supported by NIH grant CA164920.

  Study phs000929

• Resistance Development in Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome through the Basal to Squamous Transition

  While basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) arise from ectopic hedgehog pathway activation and can be treated with pathway inhibitors, sporadic BCCs display high resistance rates, while tumors arising in Gorlin syndrome patients with germline Patched (PTCH1) mutations are uniformly suppressed by inhibitor therapy. In rare cases, Gorlin syndrome patients on long-term inhibitor therapy will develop individual resistant tumor clones that rapidly progress, but the basis of this resistance remains unstudied. Here we report a case of a Smoothened inhibitor (SMOi)-resistant tumor arising in a Gorlin patient on suppressive SMOi for nearly a decade. Using a combination of multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics, we define the tumor populations at the cellular and tissue level to conclude that Gorlin tumors can develop resistance to SMOi through the previously described basal to squamous cell carcinoma transition (BST). Intriguingly, through spatial whole exome genomic analysis, we nominate PCYT2, ETNK1, and the phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic pathway as novel genetic suppressors of BST resistance. These observations provide a general framework for studying tumor evolution and provide important clinical insight into mechanisms of resistance to SMOi for not only Gorlin syndrome but sporadic BCCs as well.

  Study phs003415

• ARAF Mutations Confer Resistance to RAF Dimer Inhibitor Belvarafenib in NRAS- and BRAF- Mutant Melanoma

  Belvarafenib, a potent and selective RAF dimer (type II) inhibitor, exhibits clinical activity in BRAFV600E- and NRAS-mutant melanoma patients. Here, we report the first-in-human phase I study investigating maximum tolerated dose, assessing safety and preliminary efficacy of belvarafenib in BRAF- and RAS-mutated advanced solid tumors (NCT02405065, NCT03118817). Through generation of belvarafenib resistant NRAS- mutant melanoma cells and analysis of circulating tumor DNA from patients treated with belvarafenib, we identified novel recurrent mutations in ARAF within the kinase domain. ARAF mutants conferred resistance to belvarafenib in both a dimer- and kinase activity- dependent manner. Belvarafenib induced ARAF mutant dimers, and dimers containing mutant ARAF were active in the presence of inhibitor. ARAF mutations may serve as a general resistance mechanism for RAF dimer inhibitors as the mutants exhibit reduced sensitivity to a panel of type II RAF inhibitors. The combination of RAF plus MEK inhibition may be used to delay ARAF-driven resistance and suggests a rational combination for clinical use. Taken together, our findings reveal specific and compensatory functions for the ARAF isoform and implicate ARAF mutations as a driver of resistance to RAF dimer inhibitors.

  Study EGAS00001005086

• The MALT1 Locus and Peanut Avoidance in the Risk for Peanut Allergy

  The LEAP study was a randomized controlled clinical trial in children at increased risk for peanut allergy, in which intervention using dietary introduction of peanut protein beginning in the first 4 to 11 months of life, continued until age 5 years, significantly decreased the frequency of peanut allergy later in childhood and modulated the immune response to peanuts. All subject phenotype data will be hosted on ITN Trial Share under the LEAP study.

  Study phs001851

• NHLBI TOPMed: Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Whole Genome Sequencing Project: Cardiovascular Health Study

  Participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a large population-based longitudinal cohort study (phs000287), have been included in the TOPMed project. Whole genome sequencing will be performed to contribute to multiple analyses, including cardiovascular disease risk factors, subclinical disease measures, the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and analyses of venous thromboembolism (VTE).Comprehensive phenotypic and pedigree data for study participants are available through dbGaP phs000287.

  Study phs001368

• Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis Using Integrative Genomics

  In order to identify novel therapeutic targets for calcific aortic valve stenosis, we have generated a large transcriptomic dataset from RNA sequencing of human aortic valve tissues from 500 individuals undergoing aortic valve replacement or heart transplant at the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (QUEBEC-CAVS-RNA). This dataset represents a unique resource to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying aortic valve diseases.

  Study phs003541

• A prospective trial comparing adaptive long-read sequencing and short-read genome sequencing for genetic diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia

  This study evaluated the effectiveness of long- and short-read sequencing as diagnostic tools for CA. We recruited 110 individuals (48 females, 62 males) with a clinical diagnosis of CA. Short-read genome sequencing (SR-GS) was performed to identify pathogenic RE and also non-RE variants in 356 genes associated with CA. Long-read adaptive sequencing (LR-AS) was performed to identify pathogenic RE in 67 genes.

  Study EGAS50000000573

• Benchmark Dataset for Somatic Mutation Calling in Cell-Free DNA

  This study provides a comprehensive benchmarking resource for somatic variant detection in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cancer patients. Longitudinal plasma samples from colorectal and breast cancer cohorts were selected to create patient-matched dilution series spanning ultra-low to high circulating-tumour-DNA (ctDNA) fractions, while preserving each individual’s germline and clonal haematopoiesis background. Deep whole-genome sequencing (150×) and ultra-deep whole-exome sequencing (2,000×) generated a reference call set of ~37,000 single-nucleotide variants and ~58,000 insertions/deletions. These data enabled systematic evaluation of nine somatic variant callers across variable ctDNA levels and sequencing depths, and were further used to explore machine-learning–guided parameter tuning. The resulting dataset offers an openly accessible framework for developers and clinicians to assess and optimize somatic variant calling in liquid biopsy applications.

  Dataset EGAD50000001870

• Whole Exome Sequencing of DNA from Pre-and Post-Chemotherapy Needle Biopsies of Triple Negative and Inflammatory Breast Cancers Enrolled in the S0800 Trial

  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the somatic mutation landscape of breast tumors before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The data includes whole exome sequencing of pre- and post- tissues that were collected in the context of an already published clinical trial SWOG S0800 (ZA Nahleh et al. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 158:485-495, 2016). The trial compared the efficacy of sequential nab-paclitaxel followed or preceded by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide anthracycline chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab as preoperative therapy for stage II-III breast cancer. Experimental Design: 29 pre-treatment biopsies and 9 matching post-treatment surgically resected cancer tissues were available for analysis and were subjected to whole exome sequencing to identify mutational patterns associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 9 paired samples with residual invasive cancer after therapy were also analyzed to assess changes in mutational patterns in response to therapy. No matching normal tissues were available for germline sequencing and therefore we used n=7 post-treatment breast tissues without residual cancer (i.e. complete eradication of cancer by therapy) as a normal cohort to facilitate somatic variant calling.Conclusion: These results suggest that genomic disturbances in BRCA-related DNA repair mechanisms, reflected by a dominant mutational signature 3, confer increased chemotherapy sensitivity. Cancers that survive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, frequently have alterations in cell cycle regulating genes but different genes are affected in different patients.

  Study phs001883

• Identifying transcriptional programs underlying anti-EGFR small molecule response and resistance with TraCe-seq

  Genetic and non-genetic heterogeneity within cancer cell populations represents a major challenge to anti-cancer therapies. We currently lack robust methods to determine how pre-existing and adaptive features affect cellular responses to therapies. Here, by conducting clonal fitness mapping and transcriptional characterization using expressed barcodes and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we have developed TraCe-seq, a method that captures at clonal resolution the origin, fate, and differential early adaptive transcriptional programs of cells in a complex population in response to distinct treatments. We used TraCe-seq to benchmark how next-generation dual EGFR inhibitors-degraders compare to standard EGFR kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells. To QC the TraCe-seq strategy, single-cell RNA-seq libraries were generated from a variety of human cancer cell lines transduced with the TraCe-seq library to validate the TraCe-seq strategy. Specifically, 5 different cell lines (PC9, MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231, NCI-H358, and NCI-H1373) were each transduced with a unique TraCe-seq barcode. The transduced cells were selected with puromycin only, dissociated to single cell suspensions, and then mixed together. The complex mixture of the 5 cell lines was profiled by 10X scRNA-seq. Furthermore, transduced NCI-H1373 cells were sorted by FACS to enrich for the top 50% of eGFP positive cells, and sorted cells were cultured briefly and used to construct scRNA-seq libraries and profiled by 10x scRNA-seq. To carry out the full TraCe-seq experiment, ~600 PC9 cells carrying unique TraCe-seq barcodes were expanded over 12 doublings to establish the barcoded population. A subset of the barcoded PC9 population was used to generate scRNA-seq libraries and profiled by 10x scRNA-seq prior to treatment to establish a baseline transcription profile for each barcoded clone. The rest of the cells were then treated for four days with 1 µM erlotinib, 1 µM GNE-069, or 1 µM GNE-104 respectively. scRNA-seq libraries were then generated form the treated cells and profiled by 10x scRNA-seq.

  Study EGAS00001005405

• Chromatin remodeling enhances MAP3K8 expression in HAM: a key pathogenesis for therapeutic intervention

  Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) is a debilitating neuroinflammatory disease with no available effective treatments. A hallmark of HAM is the transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells into T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells, characterized by excessive interferon (IFN)-gamma production that drives chronic inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms fuel this aberrant Th1-like transformation and sustained inflammation remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that HAM-characteristic chromatin remodeling plays a pivotal role in the overexpression of key genes driving inflammatory pathogenesis. Using transcriptomic analysis, chromatin accessibility profiling, and biomarker evaluations across HTLV-1-related diseases, we identify MAP3K8 as a key gene that defines the unique inflammatory profile of HAM. MAP3K8 overexpression promotes Th1-like differentiation and constitutively activates the MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism by which HTLV-1 Tax, Fosl2, and c-Jun collaboratively induce HAM-characteristic chromatin remodeling at the enhancer region of the MAP3K8 locus. Crucially, we demonstrate that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors effectively suppress the MAP3K8-MEK signaling cascade and significantly mitigated inflammatory pathogenesis in an ex vivo culture assay. Our findings provide critical insights into the virus-host interactions underpinning HAM and propose the MAP3K8-MEK-ERK axis as a promising therapeutic target for this challenging condition.

  Study JGAS000835

• Molecular profiles in early onset prostate cancer

  Paired germline (blood) and tumour samples were collected from prostate cancer cases <65 years at diagnosis to identify genetic changes in early onset prostate cancer.  Whole exome sequencing was performed on these samples. The aim was to determine if these changes are associated with more aggressive disease and to identify targets for treatment and screening by identifying associations with family history, DNA repair germline mutations, and clinical features.

  Study EGAS50000001467

• ERG ALTERATIONS DEFINE A NOVEL SUBTYPE OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

  Structural chromosomal alterations are a hallmark of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) yet many patients lack an identifiable abnormality on conventional cytogenetic analysis. Here, using integrated analysis of genome-wide DNA copy number and gene expression data of 1764 childhood and adult ALL cases, including whole-genome, exome and mRNA-sequencing of 72 cases, we report a novel subtype of B-progenitor ALL (B-ALL) representing 4-13% of B-ALL cases characterized by a distinct gene expression profile, and focal deletions of ERG (ETS related gene) in 56% of cases. These cases are characterized by expression of a ERG transcript that utilizes a novel exon in intron 6 of ERG spliced to the canonical reading frame of ERG exons 7-10, encoding a 27 kDa C-terminal ERG protein that retains the ETS and transactivating domains but lacks the N-terminal pointed and regulatory domains. This protein is a competitive inhibitor of wild-type ERG and is leukemogenic in vivo. ERG-altered ALL cases have a favourable outcome despite the presence of alterations associated with poor prognosis in non-ERG ALL, such as deletions of IKZF1. These findings identify a new subtype of leukemia characterized by a novel mechanism of ETS transcription factor dysregulation in cancer.

  Study EGAS00001000514

• Human liver NPCs single cell project

  Independent of their inflammatory phenotype, macrophages are key orchestrators of hepatic metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often occurs in obese individuals and is among the most common causes of cirrhosis, the terminal chronic liver disease that may necessitate liver transplantation. While multiple populations of macrophages have been described in the human liver, their function and turnover in obese patients at high risk of developing NAFLD and cirrhosis is currently unknown. Herein we identified a specific human population of resident liver myeloid cells that protects against the metabolic impairment associated with obesity. By studying the turnover of liver myeloid cells in individuals undergoing liver transplantation using markers of donor-recipient mismatch, we made the novel discovery that liver myeloid cell turnover differs between humans and mice. Using single cell techniques and flow cytometry we determined that the proportion of the protective resident liver myeloid cells, denoted liver myeloid cells 2 (LM2), decreases during obesity. Functional validation approaches using human 2D and 3D cultures revealed that the presence of LM2 ameliorates the oxidative stress associated with obese conditions. Our study indicates that resident myeloid cells could be a therapeutic target to decrease the oxidative stress associated with NAFLD.

  Study EGAS00001007194

• NGS-based monitoring of the T cell receptor repertoire in living donor kidney transplant patients undergoing combination cell therapy

  Tolerance induction through mixed chimerism is a promising approach to achieve long term graft patency without or only low dose maintenance immunosuppression. In this phase I/IIa academic trial kidney transplant recipients in the case group were co-transplanted with bone marrow from the same donor and received an autologous cell product. The control group did not receive donor bone marrow or an autologous cell product. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at multiple timepoints before and after transplantation and the recipients native T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire at time points 0, 1, 3 and 6 months after transplantation as well as their donor reactive TCR repertoire were analysed using NGS-based TCR sequencing.

  Study EGAS50000000210

• Genomic and immune profiling of pre-invasive lung adenocarcinoma

  Adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma are the pre-invasive forms of lung adenocarcinoma. The genomic and immune profiles of these lesions are poorly understood. Here we report exome and transcriptome sequencing of 98 lung adenocarcinoma precursor lesions and 99 invasive adenocarcinomas. We have identified EGFR, RBM10, BRAF, ERBB2, TP53, KRAS, MAP2K1 and MET as significantly mutated genes in the pre/minimally invasive group. Classes of genome alterations that increase in frequency during the progression to malignancy are revealed. These include mutations in TP53, arm-level copy number alterations, and HLA loss of heterozygosity. Immune infiltration is correlated with copy number alterations of chromosome arm 6p, suggesting a link between arm-level events and the tumor immune environment.

  Study EGAS00001004006

• Genome-wide mutation analysis of germinal-center B-cell derived lymphomas within the ICGC MMML-Seq Consortium

  Germinal-center B-cell derived lymphomas (GCB-lymphomas) are the most common B-cell lymphomas in children and adults, with Burkitt Lymphomas (BL) predominating in childhood and follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) predominating in older age groups. The cell-of-origin in all these lymphomas is supposed to be a germinal center B-cell and transformation of FL in DLBCL or intermediate DLBCL/BL (intL) can occur. In the framework of the German ICGC MMML-Seq we are currently exploring sequencing data of GCB-lymphomas and paired normal controls as well as normal B-cell subsets separated by FACS. This includes whole genome, transcriptome, miRNAome and whole methylome datasets.

  Study EGAS00001000394

• Genetic Alterations in Benign Breast Biopsies of Subsequent Breast Cancer Patients

  Fibrocystic changes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (approximately 1.5-2 times that of the general population). Although the relative risk seems low, because of the high frequency of such changes, the absolute risk is significant. Genetic alterations have been found in fibrocystic changes with or without epithelial changes, suggesting that critical oncogenic events are occurring at an early stage. We investigated a unique collective of 17 breast cancer patients who, prior to the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, underwent open surgical biopsy showing fibrocystic changes of the breast. Massive parallel sequencing targeting genes frequently mutated in breast cancer was performed on the fibrocystic breast tissue as well as the ensuing cancer tissue.

  Study EGAS00001003563

• Spatially confined sub-tumor microenvironments in pancreatic cancer

  Intratumoral heterogeneity is a critical frontier in understanding how the tumor microenvironment (TME) propels malignant progression. Here, we deconvolute the human pancreatic TME through large-scale integration of histology-guided regional multiOMICs with clinical data and patient-derived preclinical models. We discover subTMEs, histologically definable tissue states anchored in fibroblast plasticity, with regional relationships to tumor immunity, subtypes, differentiation, and treatment response. Reactive subTMEs rich in complex but functionally coordinated fibroblast communities were immune-hot and inhabited by aggressive tumor cell phenotypes. The matrix-rich deserted subTMEs harbored less activated fibroblasts and tumor- suppressive features yet were markedly chemoprotective and enriched upon chemotherapy. SubTMEs originated in fibroblast differentiation trajectories and transitory states were notable both in single cell transcriptomics and in situ. The intratumoral co-occurrence of subTMEs produced patient-specific phenotypic and computationally predictable heterogeneity tightly linked to malignant biology. Therefore, heterogeneity within the plentiful, notorious pancreatic TME is not random but marks fundamental tissue organizational units.

  Dataset EGAD00001008155

• BPH Tissues for Cell Culture and Analysis - A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model Using Benign Prostatic Tissues

  Our goal was to establish and characterize a patient-derived xenograft model for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using human benign prostatic tissues. Characterization of the model was done by histology, immunohistochemistry, proteomics, and transcriptome analysis (RNAseq). The RNAseq data will be deposited in dbGaP. Subjects were undergoing prostatectomy for prostate or bladder cancer, with concurrent BPH, and consented to the use of surplus tissue for research studies. The RNAseq studies included 6 patients. Phenotypic data include patient age, sex, prostate size, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS). Sequencing was done on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000, and data were analyzed using Kallisto. Data are submitted as raw sequencing (fastq) files.

  Study phs003692

• Deep multi-region whole-genome sequencing reveals heterogeneity and gene-by-environment interactions in treatment-naive, metastatic lung cancer

  Our understanding of genomic heterogeneity in lung cancer is largely based on the analysis of early-stage surgical specimens. Here we used endoscopic sampling of paired primary and intrathoracic metastatic tumors from 11 lung cancer patients to map genomic heterogeneity inoperable lung cancer with deep whole-genome sequencing. Intra-patient heterogeneity in driver or targetable mutations was predominantly in the form of copy number gain. Private mutation signatures, including patterns consistent with defects in homologous recombination, were highly variable both within and between patients. Irrespective of histotype, we observed a smaller than expected number of private mutations, suggesting that ancestral clones accumulated large mutation burdens immediately prior to metastasis. Single-region whole-genome sequencing of from 20 patients showed that tumors in ever-smokers with the strongest tobacco signatures were associated with germline variants in genes implicated in the repair of cigarette-induced DNA damage. Our results suggest that lung cancer precursors in ever-smokers accumulate large numbers of mutations prior to the formation of frank malignancy followed by rapid metastatic spread. In advanced lung cancer, germline variants in DNA repair genes may interact with the airway environment to influence the pattern of founder mutations, whereas similar interactions with the tumor microenvironment may play a role in the acquisition of mutations following metastasis.

  Study EGAS00001003830

• Transcriptome and TCR Sequencing of T Cells from Metastectomies

  T cells were sorted from metastatic tumors (colon, rectal, breast, anal, melanoma primary histologies) following tumor dissociation and single-cell sequencing was performed (RNAseq and TCRseq). For samples from tumors that had been previously studied, cells were analyzed comparing known neoantigen-reactive TCR-expressing cells to other T cells. For samples without previously identified neoantigen reactivity, TCRs were predicted on the basis of T cell transcriptomic states. To determine candidate neoantigen screening, exome and RNA sequencing were performed on fragments of matched tumors from which T cells were sequenced&nbsp; &nbsp;

  Study phs002748

• The Vaginal Microbiome in Reproductive Age Women

  The focus of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the vaginal microbiota of asymptomatic, sexually-active, and reproductive-age women representing four self-reported ethnic groups (White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic). Each woman self-collected two mid-vaginal swabs. The first swab was used to prepare a vaginal smear for Nugent gram stain analysis. The second swab was used for DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and detection of Candida albicans. In addition, participants measured vaginal pH and completed a detailed questionnaire on sexual health and behaviors.

  Study phs001909

• Fetal Chorioamniotic Membranes Show Molecular Changes in Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta Spectrum

  Placenta previa and the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) are understudied pregnancy disorders with serious consequences for both mother and infant. To better understand the molecular and cellular etiologies of these diseases, we performed 3SEQ of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) fetal chorioamniotic membrane samples from PAS, previa, and gestationally age-matched spontaneous pre-term birth samples to identify molecule signatures of these diseases. These samples were subsequently validated using a second validation cohort of previa, PAS, and control patients. FFPE archival samples provide opportunities for retrospective molecular investigation of many diseases.

  Study phs002075

• A Comprehensive Genomic Study of Pediatric Malignancy

  Malignancy remains the leading cause of disease-related death in children. DNA sequencing studies have shown a paucity of actionable genomic alterations and a low mutation burden across pediatric cancers at diagnosis. We perform a comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analysis of pediatric tumor and normal tissues using next-generation sequencing to identify molecular fingerprints and targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel therapeutic methods. This study also represents one of the largest of its type to date and provides a rich genomic dataset for the pediatric cancer research community.

  Study phs001928

• scRNA-seq of human follicular lymphoma and lymph node

  Cryopreserved cells from human nodal follicular lymphoma and lymph node samples were thawed and processed for scRNA-seq analysis. CD3+ CD19− 7-AAD− live T cells (six FL samples from the Original cohort) or 7-AAD− whole live hematopoietic cells (five lymph node and nine FL samples from Validation cohort 1) were sorted using a FACS Aria II or III instrument (BD Biosciences). To generate single-cell emulsions, 6,000–10,000 live cells were loaded into the 10X Genomics Chromium Controller for single-cell partitioning, along with the reverse transcriptase reagent mixture and 3' or 5' gel beads. Sorted T or whole hematopoietic cells were converted to barcoded scRNA-seq libraries using 10X Genomics Chromium single cell 3' reagent kits (v3) for the Validation cohort 1, 5' reagent kits (v1) for the Original cohort, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The libraries were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq X Ten or NovaSeq X Plus system, mapped to the human genome (build GRCh38), and demultiplexed using CellRanger pipelines (v3.1.0, 10x Genomics).

  Dataset EGAD50000001143

• Papua New Guinean Lowlanders Dataset

  High-coverage whole genome sequences were collected to study patterns of genomic variation across the southern lowland of Papua New Guinea. This region has experienced an extremely complex demographic history, including repeated bouts of admixture with archaic and modern human groups. This dataset reports whole genome sequences for 41 individuals from this region. Particular attention has been paid in the original study to genomic signals that are informative for population history, including admixture with archaic hominins and the role of modern human admixture during the late Pleistocene and Holocene.

  Study EGAS50000000033

• Comprehensive peripheral blood immunoprofiling reveals five immunotypes with immunotherapy response characteristics in cancer patients

  The lack of comprehensive diagnostics and consensus analytical models for evaluating the status of a patient’s immune system has hindered a wider adoption of immunoprofiling for treatment monitoring and response prediction in cancer patients. To address this unmet need, we developed an immunoprofiling platform that uses multiparameter flow cytometry and RNA-seq to characterize immune cell heterogeneity in the peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with advanced cancers. Using unsupervised clustering, we identified five immunotypes with unique distributions of different cell types, and gene expression profiles.

  Study EGAS50000000286

• Whole Exome sequencing of colorectal cancer patients (SG-BULK)

  The study was approved by the institutional review board of Singhealth (2018-2795). Ten 5-µm tissue sections were cut using standard microtomy techniques. Each collected cell population was then extracted using the allprep kit. Extracted material was then quantified using a Qubit fluorometer. DNA-seq libraries were captured to exome regions using xGen Exome Research Panel v1.0 (IDT), and libraries were prepared using the KAPA Hyper prep kit. DNA libraries were sequenced to a target depth of ×200 for tumor sample, ×100 for normal samples on the Illumina HiSeq platform.

  Study EGAS00001006006

• Myelodysplastic_syndrome_whole_genomes

  Wholegenome libraries will be prepared from at least two serial samples reflecting different stages of disease progression and matched constitutional DNA for 30 Myelodysplastic syndrome patient samples. Five lanes of Illumina HiSeq sequencing will be performed on each of the tumour samples and four lanes for each of the constitutional DNA. Sequencing data will mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome and analysis will be performed to characterize the spectrum of somatic variation present in these samples including single base pair mutations, insertions, deletions as well as larger structural variants and genomic rearrangements.

  Study EGAS00001000291

• Myeloproliferative_Disease_Whole_Genomes

  Wholegenome libraries will be prepared from at least two serial samples reflecting different stages of disease progression and matched constitutional DNA for 30 Myeloproliferative Disease samples. Five lanes of Illumina HiSeq sequencing will be performed on each of the tumour samples and four lanes for each of the constitutional DNA. Sequencing data will mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome and analysis will be performed to characterize the spectrum of somatic variation present in these samples including single base pair mutations, insertions, deletions as well as larger structural variants and genomic rearrangements.

  Study EGAS00001000290

• Biological insights from the whole genome sequences of human embryonic stem cell lines

  Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a powerful tool for the study of human development and can form the basis of cellular disease models or therapies. However, the genetic make-up and stability of hESCs has not been systematically studied at a genome-wide level with single nucleotide resolution. We therefore sequenced the whole genome and whole exomes of widely available hESC. This online resource will enable investigators to access raw sequencing data in order to interrogate cell lines for different disease- and trait-associated genetic variants.

  Study EGAS00001002400

• Ancient genomes reveal insights into ritual life at Chichén Itzá

  To better understand the origin and biological relationships of the sacrificed children from Chichén Itzá to each other and to present-day inhabitants of the region, here we used a combined bioarchaeological and genomics approach to investigate 64 subadults interred within a chultún near the Sacred Cenote and compare them to 68 present-day Maya inhabitants of the nearby town of Tixcacaltuyub, as well as to other available ancient and contemporary genetic data from the region. The community of Tixcacaltuyub has been collaborating with our research team for many years, and their perspectives informed the development of this project.

  Study EGAS50000000296

• Genotyping from targeted NGS data based on a small set of SNPs correctly matches patient samples

  Mislabelling and swapping of laboratory samples are handling errors that can lead to erroneous interpretation of data and/or patient harm. Sequenced samples can be traced back to the respective donors by matching of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here we used sequencing data (targeted NGS) from two cohorts of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia to demonstrate the possibility of selecting informative SNPs from a typical targeted NGS panel and to create an automated workflow for detection of sample handling errors.

  Study EGAS50000000532

• Multifocal cohort analysis unveils cell types associated with regional lymph node seeding in prostate cancer

  The aim of this project was to assess the effect of intratumor heterogeneity on pathological and molecular markers in locally advanced prostate cancer. We demonstrate how primary lesions with a higher metastatic potential more closely resemble the state in the metastatic lymph nodes, for some biological signatures. Finally, we developed a statistical procedure to identify the most likely seeding lesion and introduced a statistical testing procedure to leverage the intratumor heterogeneity to identify signatures that characterize the seeding lesion.

  Study EGAS00001006715

• Targeted_sequencing_of_genes_recurrently_mutated_in_AML___part2

  Genomic libraries will be generated from total genomic DNA derived from 4000 samples with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Libraries will be enriched for a selected panel of genes using a bespoke pulldown protocol. 64 Samples will be individually barcoded and subjected to up to one lanes of Illumina HiSeq. Paired reads will be mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the characterisation of known gene mutations in cancer as well as the validation of potentially novel variants identified by prior exome sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001000570

• WFS1 mutation screening in a large series of Japanese hearing loss patients: Massively parallel DNA sequencing-based analysis

  A heterozygous mutation in the Wolfram syndrome type 1 gene (WFS1) causes autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss, DFNA6/14/38, or Wolfram-like syndrome. To date, more than 40 different mutations have been reported to be responsible for DFNA6/14/38. In the present study, WFS1 variants were screened in a large series of Japanese hearing loss (HL) patients to clarify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of DFNA6/14/38 and Wolfram-like syndrome. Massively parallel DNA sequencing of 68 target genes was performed in 2,549 unrelated Japanese HL patients to identify genomic variations responsible for HL. The detailed clinical features in patients with WFS1 variants were collected from medical charts and analyzed. We successfully identified 13 WFS1 variants in 19 probands: eight of the 13 variants were previously reported mutations, including three mutations (p.A684V, p.K836N, and p.E864K) known to cause Wolfram-like syndrome, and five were novel mutations.

  Study JGAS000123

• Patient-Derived Lung Cancer Organoid

  Lung cancer shows substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity across individuals, driving a need for personalized medicine. Here we report lung cancer organoids and normal bronchial organoids established from patients tissues comprising five histological subtypes of lung cancer and non-neoplastic bronchial mucosa as in vitro models representing individual patient. The lung cancer organoids recapitulate the tissue architecture of the primary lung tumours and maintain the genomic alterations of the original tumours during long-term expansion in vitro. The normal bronchial organoids maintain cellular components of normal bronchial mucosa. Lung cancer organoids respond to drugs based on their genomic alterations: a BRCA2 mutant organoid to olaparib, an EGFR mutant organoid to erlotinib, and an EGFR mutant/MET amplified organoid to crizotinib. Considering the short length of time from organoid establishment to drug testing, our newly developed model may prove useful for predicting patient-specific drug responses through in vitro patient-specific drug trials.

  Study EGAS00001003786

• Exome sequencing of hepatocellular carcinomas identifies new mutational signatures and potential therapeutic targets

  Genomic analyses promise to improve tumor characterization in order to optimize personalized treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exome sequencing analysis of 243 liver tumors revealed mutational signatures associated with specific risk factors, mainly combined alcohol/tobacco consumption, aflatoxin B1 and HBV infection. We identified 161 putative driver genes associated with 11 recurrent pathways. Associations of mutations defined 3 groups of genes related to risk factors and centered on CTNNB1 (alcohol), TP53 (HBV) and AXIN1. Analyses according to tumor stage progression revealed TERT promoter mutation as an early event whereas FGF/CCND1 amplification, TP53 and CDKN2A alterations appeared at more advanced stages in aggressive tumors. In 24% of the tumors, we identified genetic alterations potentially targetable by FDA-approved drugs. In conclusion, we identified risk factor–specific mutational signatures and defined the extensive landscape of altered genes and pathways in HCC, which will be useful to design clinical trials for targeted therapy.

  Study EGAS00001001002

• Multimodal Genomic Features Predict Outcome of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

  Despite progress in immunotherapy, identifying patients that respond has remained a challenge. Through analysis of whole-exome and targeted sequence data from 5,449 tumors, we found a significant correlation between tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor purity, suggesting that low tumor purity tumors are likely to have inaccurate TMB estimates. We developed a new method to estimate a corrected TMB (cTMB) that was adjusted for tumor purity and more accurately predicted outcome to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). To identify improved predictive markers together with cTMB, we performed whole-exome sequencing for 104 lung tumors treated with ICB. Through comprehensive analyses of sequence and structural alterations, we discovered a significant enrichment in activating mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes in non-responding tumors in three immunotherapy-treated cohorts. An integrated multivariable model incorporating cTMB, RTK mutations, smoking-related mutational signature, and HLA status provided an improved predictor of response to immunotherapy that was independently validated.

  Study EGAS00001003892

• Distinct evolutionary trajectories of primary high grade serous ovarian cancers revealed through spatial mutational profiling

  High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is characterized by poor outcome, often attributed to emergence of treatment-resistant sub-clones. We sought to measure the degree of genomic diversity within primary, untreated HGSC to examine the natural state of tumor evolution prior to therapy. We performed exome sequencing, copy number analysis, targeted amplicon deep sequencing and gene expression profiling on thirty-one spatially and temporally separated HGSC tumor specimens (six patients) including ovarian masses, distant metastases, and fallopian tube lesions. We found widespread intra-tumoral variation in mutation, copy number, and gene expression profiles, with key driver alterations in genes present in only a subset of samples (e.g. PIK3CA, CTNNB1, NF1). On average, only 51.5% of mutations were present in every sample of a given case (range: 10.2% to 91.4%), with TP53 as the only somatic mutation consistently present in all samples. Complex segmental aneuploidies, such as whole genome doubling, were present in a subset of samples from the same individual, with divergent copy number changes segregating independently of point mutation acquisition. Reconstruction of evolutionary histories showed one patient with mixed HGSC and endometrioid histology with common etiologic origin in the fallopian tube and subsequent selection of different driver mutations in the histologically distinct samples. In this patient, we observed mixed cell populations in the early fallopian tube lesion, indicating diversity arises at early stages of tumorigenesis. Our results reveal that HGSC exhibit highly individual evolutionary trajectories and diverse genomic tapestries prior to therapy, exposing an essential biological characteristic to inform future design of personalized therapeutic solutions and investigation of drug resistance mechanisms.

  Study EGAS00001000547

• Analysis of RAD51C promoter methylation using targeted bisulfite sequencing (amplicon sequencing) in ovarian cancer pre-clinical models and patient samples.

  In high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), deleterious mutations in the DNA repair gene RAD51C are established drivers of defective homologous recombination and are emerging biomarkers of PARP inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity. RAD51C promoter methylation (meRAD51C) is detected at similar frequencies to mutations, yet its effects on PARPi responses remain unresolved. In this study, three HGSC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with methylation at most or all examined CpG sites in the RAD51C promoter show responses to PARPi. Both complete and heterogeneous methylation patterns were associated with RAD51C gene silencing and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). PDX models lost meRAD51C following treatment with PARPi rucaparib or niraparib, where a single unmethylated copy of RAD51C was sufficient to drive PARPi resistance. Genomic copy number profiling of one of the PDX models using SNP arrays revealed that this resistance was acquired independently in two genetically distinct lineages. In a cohort of 11 patients with RAD51C-methylated HGSC, various patterns of meRAD51C were associated with genomic 'scarring', indicative of HRD history, but exhibited no clear correlations with clinical outcome. Differences in methylation stability under treatment pressure were also observed between patients, where one HGSC was found to maintain meRAD51C after 6 lines of therapy (4 platinum-based), whilst another HGSC sample was found to have heterozygous meRAD51C and elevated RAD51C gene expression (relative to homozygous meRAD51C controls) after only neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. As meRAD51C loss in a single gene copy was sufficient to cause PARPi resistance in PDX, methylation zygosity should be carefully assessed in previously treated patients when considering PARPi therapy.

  Study EGAS00001005395

• Exome sequencing from cfDNA blood samples. 159 samples at 2x101bp Illumina reads in Fastq format.

  Differential presence of exons (DPE) by next generation sequencing (NGS) is a method of interpretation of whole exome sequencing. This method has been proposed to design a predictive and diagnostic algorithm with clinical value in plasma from patients bearing colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to determine a common exonic signature to discriminate between different clinical pictures, such as non-metastatic, metastatic and non-disease (healthy), using a sustainable and novel technology in liquid biopsy. Through DPE analysis, we determined the differences in DNA exon levels circulating in plasma between patients bearing CRC vs. healthy, patients bearing CRC metastasis vs. non-metastatic and patients bearing CRC metastasis vs. healthy comparisons. We identified a set of 510 exons (469 up and 41 down) whose differential presence in plasma allowed us to group and classify between the three cohorts. Random forest classification (machine learning) was performed and an estimated out-of-bag (OOB) error rate of 35.9% was obtained and the predictive model had an accuracy of 75% with a confidence interval (CI) of 56.6-88.5. In conclusion, the DPE analysis allowed us to discriminate between different patho-physiological status such as metastatic, non-metastatic and healthy donors. In addition, this analysis allowed us to obtain very significant values with respect to previous published results, since we increased the number of samples in our study. These results suggest that circulating DNA in patient’s plasma may be actively released by cells and may be involved in intercellular communication and, therefore, may play a pivotal role in malignant transformation (genometastasis).

  Study EGAS00001006656

• Immunophenotype data for a subset of NSCLC cases in OAK

  The investigators would like to correlate NGS data from OAK to immunophenotype designation performed manually based on a panCK/CD8 immunohistochemistry stain for a subset of squamous cell carcinomas.

  Dataset EGAD50000001253

• Chromatin_Profiling_in_Twins

  50 lymphoblastoid cell lines of adult female Twins which are part of the MuTHER study, subjected to Chromatin Immunoprecipitation using an antibody for H3K4me1. H3K4me1 peaks mark distal regulatory elements.

  Study EGAS00001000098

• RNA-seq of CD34+ HSPCs from LRMDS patients

  To profile transcriptional alterations of HSPCs in LR-MDS patients, 7AAD−CD45+Lin-CD235a−CD34+ cells were isolated from healthy donors and LR-MDS patients for RNA sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001008182

• Myeloma_Targeted_Follow_up_Study

  390 samples, perform WGA, and send the WGA’d DNA to core for pre-capture library and tagging, pulldown with ELID 631172 (16 samples per reaction tube), and sequencing (24 samples per lane)

  Study EGAS00001000880

• Organoid_Derivation_Pilot__RNAseq

  Generation of normal and cancer organoids for sequencing as part of the WTSI-CRUK international collaboration with NCI (in HCMI) to generate the next generation of cancer cell lines.

  Study EGAS00001002223

• BIG_MS_Pilot

  Testing logistics and infrastructure of molecular screening program. Core biopsies taken from invasive recurrent or metastatic breast cancer to evaluate and identify molecular traits rendering them suitable for clinical trials

  Study EGAS00001000616

• SureTypeSC - accurate genotyping of single-cell SNP array data

  We used a collection of single cells from two Coriell cell lines to train and validate a machine learning method for quality assessment of the single cell genotypes

  Study EGAS00001004621

• Organoid_Derivation_Project__WGS

  Generation of normal and cancer organoids for sequencing as part of the WTSI-CRUK international collaboration with NCI (in HCMI) to generate the next generation of cancer cell lines

  Study EGAS00001002222

• Targeted_NanoSeq_Sperm

  Targeted NanoSeq in sperm samples provided by healthy patients. A custom-designed panel of ~200 genes will be used to achieve high depth coverage (aiming for ~1000X at panel sites).

  Study EGAS00001005920

• WES fastq files of IPDGC UK cohort

  As part of the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, exomes of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy controls were sequenced to study the genetic etiology of PD. This UK cohort consists of 70 PD patients. Researchers can apply for access to fastq files for this cohort.

  Dataset EGAD00001003096

• Mapping of runs back to samples for snRNASeq data

  Mapping of runs back to samples for PDN, PDO and TIS snRNASeq data. 4 sets of matched PDN, PDO and TIS samples (12 unique samples total) underwent pooled snRNASeq (Parse Biosciences). 2 sublibraries were created from this and sequenced at separate times

  Dataset EGAD00001015609

• Combination Therapies for Personalised Cancer Medicine in drug resistant EGFR mutant lung cancer (2019-06-10)

  This study involves mutagenizing a range of different cell lines with ENU to identify those mutations which engender resistance to targeted treatment. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-06-10.

  Dataset EGAD00001005080

• Enhanced detection of circulating tumor DNA by fragment size analysis

  Existing methods to improve detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have focused on sensitivity for detecting genomic alterations but have rarely considered the biological properties of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). We hypothesized that differences in fragment lengths of circulating DNA could be exploited to enhance sensitivity for detecting the presence of ctDNA and for non-invasive genomic analysis of cancer. We surveyed ctDNA fragment sizes in 344 plasma samples from 200 cancer patients using low-pass whole-genome sequencing (0.4×). To establish the size distribution of mutant ctDNA, tumor-guided personalized deep sequencing was performed in 19 patients. We detected enrichment of ctDNA in fragment sizes between 90–150 bp, and developed methods for in vitro and in silico size selection of these fragments. Selecting fragments between 90–150 bp improved detection of tumor DNA, with more than 2-fold median enrichment in &amp;gt;95% of cases, and more than 4-fold enrichment in &amp;gt; 10% of cases. Analysis of size-selected cfDNA identified clinically actionable mutations and copy number alterations that were otherwise not detected. Identification of plasma samples from patients with advanced cancer was improved by predictive models integrating fragment length and copy number analysis of cfDNA, with AUC&amp;gt; 0.99 compared to AUC &amp;lt; 0.80 without fragmentation features. Increased identification of cfDNA from patients with glioma, renal, and pancreatic cancer was achieved with AUC &amp;gt; 0.91, compared to AUC &amp;lt; 0.5 without fragmentation features. Fragment size analysis and selective sequencing of specific fragment sizes can boost ctDNA detection. This could reduce the required depth of cfDNA sequencing for clinical applications, earlier diagnosis and study of tumor biology.

  Study EGAS00001003258

• Sequencing of 3D Organoids Derived From Colorectal Cancer Patients

  This study focuses on the whole-exome sequencing (WES) of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) established from colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors collected at Columbia University. CRC remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality due to its metastatic progression and resistance to therapy. To model CRC at the patient level, we generated 3D organoid cultures from primary and metastatic tumors, preserving their genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The study cohort consists of 9 CRC patients with microsatellite-stable adenocarcinomas from the ascending, transverse, and descending colon, as well as the rectum, with differentiation statuses ranging from well to moderate and moderate-poor. Notably, for one patient, we generated organoids from both the primary tumor and matched liver metastases, allowing for a comparative analysis of tumor evolution. PDOs were derived from these tumors and subjected to WES at early passage to profile somatic mutations, copy number variations, and other genomic alterations to identify mutational signatures. Mutations identified in the PDOs were cross-referenced and confirmed with mutational data from the Columbia Solid Tumor Panel, which was conducted on all tumor tissues prior to organoid establishment. Molecular technologies employed include next-generation sequencing (NGS) for WES, enabling high-resolution characterization of the genomic landscape of CRC PDOs. WES of PDOs allowed us to classify tumor samples based on oncogenic mutations and mutation types, with a specific focus on PIK3CA. Notably, the efficacy of PI3K&#945;-specific pharmacologic inhibitors in suppressing organoid growth was dependent on the mutational status of KRAS and PIK3CA, underscoring the importance of genomic context in therapeutic response. The dataset available through dbGaP includes raw WES data from CRC PDOs.

  Study phs003965

• Searching for DNA methylation sites associated with panic disorder

  This study aimed to identify whole-genome DNA methylation profile of panic disoeder and to search DNA methylation sites associated with the disease

  Study JGAS000111

• Admixture Mapping of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

  In this study, we used admixture mapping to test the hypothesis that genomic variations with different frequencies in European and African ancestral genomes influence susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in a sample of African Americans. A total of 565 adult African Americans were genotyped for admixture mapping. Cases were unique African American adult inpatients with monomicrobial SAB (N=390) and controls are age-matched adult African American inpatients with no current or past S. aureus infection (N=175). After empirical multiplicity adjustment, one region on chromosome 6 (52 SNPs, P = 4.56e-05) in the HLA class II region was found to exhibit a genome-wide statistically significant increase in European ancestry. This region encodes genes involved in HLA-mediated immune response and these results provide additional evidence for genetic variation influencing HLA-mediated immunity, modulating susceptibility to SAB.

  Study phs001441

• Gene Variants in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

  Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and in extra-adrenal locations, respectively. PPGL has the strongest hereditary risk of all endocrine neoplasms with about 40% of cases harboring germline mutations and another 25-30% of cases arising from somatic mutations. To date, over 20 susceptibility genes have been suggested to play a role in PPGL pathogenesis, with more genes still being researched. This project will seek to identify new candidate genes in apparently sporadic PPGLs to reveal a possible genetic background in cases without variants in known susceptibility genes. Knowledge of the genetic background and the genes involved in the pathogenesis of PPGL allows for clustering and/or development of targeted therapies for the tumors that cannot be surgically resected or tumors that have metastasized.

  Study phs002405

• Disease-Linked Regulatory DNA Variants and Homeostatic Transcription Factors in Epidermis

  The role of non-coding variants in polygenic skin disease and their connection to homeostatic transcription factors (TFs) in epidermis was investigated. Homeostatic TFs were identified by perturb-seq in differentiating keratinocytes, using either 10x or split-pool approaches to sequencing, with follow-up validation by siRNA and RNA-seq. TF binding events were profiled by population sampling Cleavage Under Targets &#38; Release Using Nuclease (CUT&#38;RUN), in which a random population of neonatal foreskin keratinocytes were assayed by CUT&#38;RUN for homeostatic TFs under progenitor growth and differentiation conditions. Heterozygous alleles were identified from the TF binding data and examined for allele specific binding events (ASBs). ASBs were then compared with non-coding variants linked to skin disease. Variants with potentially pathogenic effects were identified. Promoters and high TF occupancy genomic regions were found to be "buffered" against variants causing ASBs.

  Study phs003977

• Dynamic Evolution of Fibroblasts Revealed by Single Cell RNA Sequencing of Human Pancreatic Cancer

  Understanding the constituents of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment may illuminate more efficacious targets for treating this aggressive malignancy. However, the compositional changes occurring in untreated and treated PDAC relative to both normal and inflamed pancreas have not been well characterized. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the PDAC tumor microenvironment relative to the non-cancerous pancreas, we performed single-cell expression profiling (10X Genomics Chromium) on samples of upfront resectable PDAC, FOLFIRINOX-based treated PDAC, chronic pancreatitis, and normal pancreas specimens from 19 patients. Spatial gene expression profiling (10X Genomics Visium) was performed to gain additional insight into cell populations. Our analysis revealed that fibroblasts are central mediators of cell-cell communication in both inflamed and malignant settings and defined unique roles for these cell populations in different disease contexts.

  Study phs003751

• Pharmacogenomic landscape of patient-derived cells informs precision oncology therapy

  Outcomes of anticancer therapy vary dramatically among patients, which may be caused by the specific molecular alterations in each patient’s tumor. Precision oncology aims to apply optimal therapies for each tumor based on its molecular characteristics. We have established a resource reporting the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 462 patient tumor-derived cells (PDCs) across 14 cancer types, together with responses to 60 targeted agents. Compared with long-term cultured cancer cell lines, PDCs better recapitulate the molecular profiles of the original tumors. Among other unreported associations, we identify molecular factors inducing resistance to EGFR inhibitors in glioblastoma, and we suggest repurposing ibrutinib (currently used in hematological malignancies) for EGFR-specific therapy in gliomas. Lastly, using a retrospective clinical study, we find that PDC-derived sensitivities can be used to predict patient responses.

  Study EGAS00001002515

• Epithelial, fibroblast, myeloid, T cell, primary prostate cancer

  The collection and use of tissue for this study had Melbourne Health institutional review board approval and patients provided written informed consent (Melbourne Health Local Project Number: 2016.087). Following the prostatectomy of 13 patients, ranging from 52 to 78 years of age and from CAPRA-S risk score of 0 (attributed to benign tissue samples, harvested from a site far from a low grade, low volume cancer) to 7 (Supplementary file 2), a four millimeter tissue core was collected from the prostate tumour site, conditional to histopathological verification66,67. If not otherwise specified, all procedures were carried out at 4 °C. Tissue blocks were washed in Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution for 2 minutes and minced for 2 minutes with a scalpel. Homogenised tissue was added to a solution (total volume of 7 ml) composed by of 1 mg/ml collagenase IV (Worthington Biochemical Corp, USA), 0.02 mg/ml DNase 1 (New England Biolabs, USA), 0.2 mg/ml dispase (Merck, USA). The tissue homogenised was serially digested at 37 °C at 180 rpm, through three steps of 5, 10 and 10 minutes of duration, with the final 3 minutes dedicated to sedimentation at 0 rpm. After each digestion step, the supernatant was aspirated and filtered through a 70 μm strainer into a pre-chilled tube, diluting the solution with 15 ml of 2% bovine serum PBS to quench the enzymatic reaction. The resulting cumulative solution was then centrifuged at 1500 rpm for five minutes, with the supernatant collected and the cell pellet resuspended into 1 ml 2% PBS-serum prior to labelling (Fig. S1).

  Dataset EGAD00001004948

• Survival and safety of laser interstitial thermal therapy and adjuvant pembrolizumab in recurrent high-grade astrocytoma: a Phase 1/randomized Phase 2b trial

  This dataset is the immune profiling of the trial patients. Cryopreserved PBMCs obtained from the patients at different time points were processed to single-cell transcriptomic or TCR libraries using 10x next GEM single Cell 5' v2 kit. We also performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of the tumor to identify the mutation burden. The WES data was generated by sequencing company Novogene. There are total of 69 of single cell libraires, 69 of single cell TCR libraries, and 13 of tumor WES data being generated from 18 trial patients recruited at University of Florida.

  Dataset EGAD50000001639

• Targeted sequencing of 72 prostate cancer driver in 712 plasma cell free DNA samples

  Dataset contains targeted sequencing data of 712 plasma cell free DNA samples and 428 white blood cell samples collected from 428 men with metastatic prostate cancer. Target capture was performed using a hydridization-based custom Roche SeqCap EZ Choice kit, designed to capture all exons of 72 prostate cancer driver genes. Cell free DNA was extracted from 10 mL blood samples. Libraries were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2500 or Illumina MiSeq instruments to a median coverage of 750x. 62% of samples had ctDNA fraction above 2% of total cfDNA. Note that "Dataset type" is erroneously listed as "Amplicon sequencing", because "Captured-based targeted sequencing" or "Hybridization-based targeted sequencing" were not available options in EGA at the time of submission.

  Dataset EGAD00001004208

• Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Bladder Cancer Risk

  This meta-analysis consists of genome-wide genotype for 13,447 cases and 342,580 controls of European ancestry to identify novel susceptibility loci for bladder cancer. Cases were defined as histologically confirmed primary carcinoma of the urinary bladder of all stages, including carcinoma in situ (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, C670-C679, 188). All histologic subtypes were included. Summary-level results for the association between genotyped/imputed variants and risk of bladder cancer are included.

  Study phs003342

• Inference_of_B_cell_clonality_and_function_from_single_cell_RNA_seq_data

  cDNA libraries for RNA-seq will be prepared for sequencing. cDNA will be created following the Smart-Seq2 protocol, and a part of the cDNA from each cell will be used for preparation of RNA-seq libraries using the Nextera XT kit. The other part of the cDNA will be used as template for verification of the computationally recovered immunoglobulin sequences from the RNA-seq dataset by using a targeted PCR approach to generate a multiplexed sequencing library

  Study EGAS00001002963

• Genomic-Enabled Medicine for Recurrent Glioblastoma

  In this prospective study, we performed genome-wide tumor/normal exome sequencing and tumor RNA-sequencing for recurrent glioblastoma patients. A subset of patients had both enhancing tumor and non-enhancing tissue sequenced to investigate spatial heterogeneity of this disease. Together, this information builds our understanding of the genomic underpinnings of glioblastoma, and contributes toward the knowledge base for identifying and developing more effective treatments for patients with glioblastoma.

  Study phs001460

• PCA Atlas Visium spatial transcriptomics data (FASTQs, spaceranger BAMs and Visium mapping tables)

  This dataset contains Visium spatial transcriptomics data for the PCA Atlas study EGAS00001008332. It includes: - Raw Visium FASTQ runs (EGAR00004172272–EGAR00004172283) for all libraries. - spaceranger alignment BAM analyses for those libraries where BAM output was generated. - visium.csv: a slide-level mapping table linking Visium slide samples to EGA sample accessions, sequencing runs/experiments and spaceranger BAM analyses. - visium_tma.csv: a TMA mapping table describing how mini-TMA slides relate slide-level Visium libraries to tissue-level samples/cores. Together these objects provide the raw and aligned Visium data and the technical/biological mappings needed to understand and reuse the spatial transcriptomics component of the PCA Atlas. High resolution histology images are available from the following Zenodo repository, along with additional spaceranger outs for each slide: - https://zenodo.org/records/17411292

  Dataset EGAD00001015796

• Scalable whole-genome single-cell library preparation without pre-amplification

  Single-cell genomics is critical for understanding cellular heterogeneity in cancer, but existing library preparation methods are expensive, require sample preamplification and introduce coverage bias. Here we describe direct library preparation (DLP), a robust, scalable, and high-fidelity method that uses nanoliter-volume transposition reactions for single-cell whole-genome library preparation without preamplification. We examined 782 cells from cell lines and triple-negative breast xenograft tumors. Low-depth sequencing, compared with existing methods, revealed greater coverage uniformity and more reliable detection of copy-number alterations. Using phylogenetic analysis, we found minor xenograft subpopulations that were undetectable by bulk sequencing, as well as dynamic clonal expansion and diversification between passages. Merging single-cell genomes in silico, we generated "bulk-equivalent" genomes with high depth and uniform coverage. Thus, low-depth sequencing of DLP libraries may provide an attractive replacement for conventional bulk sequencing methods, permitting analysis of copy number at the cell level and of other genomic variants at the population level.

  Study EGAS00001002170

• Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of hearing loss caused by MYH14 mutation

  Mutations in MYH14 are reported to cause autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss (ADNSHL), and 35 variants have been reported to cause hearing loss in various ethnic groups, but the information on prevalence as well as clinical features are fragmented. In this study, genetic screening for MYH14 variants was carried out using a large series of Japanese hearing loss patients to reveal the information. Massively parallel DNA sequencing of 68 target candidate genes was utilized in 8074 (including 1336 ADNSHL) unrelated Japanese hearing loss patients (probands) to identify genomic variations responsible for hearing loss. We identified 20 patients with 14 mutations from 15 pedigrees. The prevalence was proved to be 0.19% (15/8074) among hearing loss patients, and 1.12% (15/1336) among ADNSHL patients. The 12 mutations out of 14 mutations identified were novel. The patients typically showed late onset, slowly progressive modelate flat-type hearing loss. The clinical information revealed by the present study would contribute to further diagnosis and management of MYH14-associated hearing loss.

  Study JGAS000323

• Pan Prostate Cancer Group data

  The Pan Prostate Cancer Group intends to provide breakthrough advances from the analysis of a very large series of Whole Genome DNA data, contributed by many of the leading scientists and clinicians working in prostate cancer genomics generating Whole Genome DNA Sequence (WGS) data from prostate cancer patients. The accumulated data, collected and compared in a common format including common storage, re-analysis through a single pipeline, and investigation to achieve a variety of scientific goals, are presented in this series. This project will provide a global framework for the future analysis of even larger series of genomes as costs of DNA sequencing, storage, and sequence analysis decrease. In addition to these WGS data from different clinical categories, ethnicities, levels of aggressiveness, and disease managed by different treatments with information linked to long-term clinical follow up, we intend to add additional layers of data, including transcriptome and methylation data. The current data series focuses primarily on the analysis of WGS data. For further information, please refer to https://panprostate.org/, and The Pan Prostate Cancer Group Data Sharing Policy, EGAP50000000784.

  Study EGAS00001002876

• Depth of Response Correlates with Improved Outcomes for Early Interception in a High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Clinical Trial Using the Combination of Ixazomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone

  Early treatment of patients with high-risk smoldering myeloma (HRSMM) has been shown to delay progression to multiple myeloma (MM), but not all patients respond well. Identifying biological predictors of response and resistance to treatment can help optimize treatment selection for patients and improve outcomes. Here, we investigate tumor and immune biomarkers of response to ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone treatment (I-PRISM study) that can be measured at diagnosis. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), coupled with B cell receptor and T cell receptor sequencing, on CD138+ tumor and CD138- immune cells, respectively, from the bone marrow of 20 patients enrolled in the I-PRISM study.

  Study phs003827

• Identifying New Genetic Subtypes in Follicular Lymphoma

  Follicular lymphoma (FL) exhibits considerable variability in biological features and clinical trajectories across patients. To dissect the diversity of FL, we utilized a Bernoulli mixture model to identify genetic subtypes in 713 pre-treatment tumor tissue samples. Our analysis revealed the existence of five subtypes with unique genetic profiles that correlated with clinicopathological characteristics. The clusters were enriched in specific mutations as follows: CS (CREBBP and STAT6), TT (TNFAIP3 and TP53), GM (GNA13 and MEF2B), Q (quiescent, for low mutation burden), and AR (mutations of mTOR pathway-related genes). The subtype Q was enriched for patients with stage I disease and was associated with a lower proliferative history compared to the other subtypes. The AR subtype was unique in its enrichment for IgM-expressing FL cases and was associated with advanced-stage and more than 4 nodal sites. The existence of subtypes was validated in an independent cohort of 418 samples from the GALLIUM trial. Notably, patients assigned to the TT subtype consistently experienced inferior progression-free survival when treated with immunochemotherapy. Collectively, our findings offer insight into core pathways distinctly linked with each FL cluster and are expected to be informative in the era of targeted therapies.

  Study EGAS50000000435

• Understanding Rare Variant Contributions to autism: Lessons from Dystrofin-Deficient Model

  This project generated a whole-exome sequencing (WES) dataset of 83 boys with a pathogenic variant in the DMD gene, along with WES data from the parents of 38 of them, totaling 159 samples. Pathogenic DMD variants, besides causing dystrophinopathies, are also known risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the low penetrance of NDDs in individuals with dystrophinopathies suggests that additional factors contribute to their manifestation. This study aimed to: (1) characterize ASD in males with dystrophinopathies; (2) determine the relevance of additional de novo and inherited rare risk variants for their neurodevelopmental phenotype; and (3) clinically and functionally characterize the identified risk variants.

  Study EGAS50000000754

• Advanced molecular neuropathology to increase diagnostic accuracy in pediatric neurooncology

  To assess their utility in routine neuropathology, we prospectively integrated DNA methylation-based CNS tumor classification and targeted gene panel sequencing of tumor and constitutional DNA with blinded neuropathological reference diagnostics for a population-based cohort of &gt; 1,200 newly-diagnosed pediatric patients.

  Study EGAS00001006680

• Chromatin accessability in cytokine induced immune cell states (2019-03-19)

  We isolated T cells and monocotyes from healthy platelet donors and cultured them in resting and stimulated conditions with addition of a range of cytokines. We performed K27Ac ChM sequencing to assess the chromatin activity in different cytokines treated cells. These cellular profiles were used to map risk variants to the cytokine-induced cell states relevant for autoimmune diseases. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-03-19.

  Dataset EGAD00001004852

• Chromatin accessability in cytokine induced immune cell states (2019-03-11)

  We isolated T cells and monocotyes from healthy platelet donors and cultured them in resting and stimulated conditions with addition of a range of cytokines. We performed ATAC sequencing to assess the chromatin accessability in different cytokines treated cells. These cellular profiles were used to map risk variants to the cytokine-induced cell states relevant for autoimmune diseases. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-03-11.

  Dataset EGAD00001004831

• TIRE-seq_PDN

  TIRE-seq is a novel RNA sequencing method that integrates mRNA purification directly into library preparation, eliminating separate RNA extraction. The technique demonstrated utility across three biological applications, including capturing transcriptional changes in human T cells, identifying genes driving murine dendritic cell differentiation, and analyzing the dose-response effects of temozolomide on patient-derived neurospheres. With its simplified approach and high sequencing efficiency, TIRE-seq offers a cost-effective solution for large-scale gene expression studies.

  Dataset EGAD50000001261

• Data for the study "Plasma ctDNA is a tumor tissue surrogate and enables clinical-genomic stratification of metastatic bladder cancer"

  Sequencing data from patients with bladder cancer. BAM files from targeted DNA sequencing of bladder cancer driver genes in 344 circulating tumor DNA and tumor tissue samples. BAM files from whole exome sequencing of 49 circulating tumor DNA and tumor tissue samples. Paired FASTQ files from RNA sequencing of 86 tumor tissue samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001006362

• Targeted Deep Sequencing of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome bone marrow samples

  This dataset includes amplicon based sequencing of myeloid malignancy associated genes as well as EIF6 in 99 patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and 11 patients who are "SDS-like". SDS-like patients are those that have clinical features of the disease but do not have a confirmed disease-causing mutation. There are 421 samples from serial timepoints, denoted alphabetically or numerically. For each timepoint, there is a single BAM file.

  Dataset EGAD00001006800

• Exome sequencing reveals pathogenic variants in known and novel candidate genes for severe sperm motility disorders.

  The dataset is composed by the raw and processed sequencing data generated from 8 Australian Patients and 13 Argentinian Patients affected by a form of male infertility characterised by vital, but immotile sperm often in combination with a spectrum of structural abnormalities of the sperm flagellum.

  Dataset EGAD00001007085

• Centers for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG) - Whole Genome Sequencing in Type 1 Diabetes (T1DGC)

  The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) was established to collect resources (biological samples and data) and conduct research to better understand the genetic basis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Collection was initiated by ascertaining affected sib-pair families (both parents, two affected siblings and, when available, an unaffected sibling), collected from five geographic regions through four recruitment networks (Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, United Kingdom). In addition, the T1DGC collected trio families (both parents and affected child) and cases and controls from low-prevalence populations (African-American, with four grandparents self-reporting as African ancestry; Mexican-American, with four grandparents self-reporting as ancestry from Mexico). The T1DGC also served as a repository for contributed collections from other studies, all meeting the broad data-sharing policy of the T1DGC, for inclusion in the genetic studies. These collections include T1D case samples ascertained from the UK Genetic Resource Investigating Diabetes (UK GRID) cohort, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH), The Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD), and control samples obtained from the British 1958 Birth Cohort, the UK National Blood Services collection, CLEAR (Consortium for the Longitudinal Evaluation of African-Americans with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis), the New York Cancer Project (NYCP), and other cohorts. For the NHGRI-funded Centers for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG) project, participants with T1D and ancestry-matched controls were identified through the T1DGC, either through direct ascertainment or by contribution from other sources to the T1DGC. As the CCDG has focused initially on non-Caucasian populations for whole genome sequencing, T1DGC participants of African, Mexican and Asian ancestry (targeting ~1200 cases and ~1200 controls in each ancestral group) and a small group of participants of Northern European ancestry (~100 cases, ~100 controls) were to be contributed to the study. Whole genome sequencing of T1DGC samples would be conducted at Washington University McDonnell Genome Institute and based upon matching case-control status within an ancestry group and prioritization by the CCDG.

  Study phs001222

• Genetic Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  These data are tumor/normal-matched exome sequencing results on 45 participants (median age of 58.6 years) treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx at Mass Eye and Ear (MEE; Boston, MA, USA). Some tumors had two portions sequenced separately. All research complied with all relevant ethical regulations. Human subject research on patients at MEE was approved by the MEE Human Studies Committee under protocol HSC 11-024H, with informed consent obtained from participants. Participants were not compensated. Clinical data, including HPV status, were abstracted from patient records. Sequencing and clinical data were combined with TCGA data on 486 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The PhylogicNDT suite of genomic analysis tools was used to infer the relative timing of genetic events during tumor progression for major molecularly defined classes of HNSCC: HNSCC negative for human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV-associated HNSCC, and HPV-negative HNSCC involving mutations in CASP8, NSD1, and NOTCH1. The timing of the development of whole-genome somatic events leading to tetraploidy or triploidy and to increased measures of intratumor genetic heterogeneity was determined. Associations of heterogeneity measures with clinical outcomes were assessed. The analysis identified genes with early mutations that likely play roles in HPV-tumor initiation (FBXW7, NOTCH1, CASP8, FAT1, NSD1, HRAS, EP300, CREBBP, KMT2D). Genes with mutations at later median relative timing (PK3CA, NFE2L2, HLA-A, SPEN, and KMT2C) were more likely to be important for progressing to later stages of the disease. Gain of chromosome arm 3q and loss of arm 11q were found to occur more frequent in HPV+ HNSCC cases. A high prevalence of 3p and 17p loss were also observed in HPV+ HNSCC cases.

  Study phs003139

• Single cell RNA sequencing of CD19 CAR T-cell infusion products

  We performed single cell RNA sequencing of remnants from CD19 CAR T-cell infusion products used for standard of care treatment for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Libraries were prepared using 10X 5’ GEX chemistry and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 to obtain &gt;50,000 reads per cell.

  Study EGAS00001004576

• Diversity of U1 small nuclear RNAs and Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods for their Mutations

  U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) mutations are recurrent non-coding alterations found in various malignancies, including medulloblastoma, yet their identification has proven challenging due to their repetitive nature. To establish a robust DNA-based, and RNA-based method for detecting U1 snRNA mutations, we performed targeted DNA sequencing using our original gene panel for medulloblastoma and RNA-sequencing. As an RNA-based method, we developed a random forest classifier employing splicing patterns which were massively altered as a result of U1 snRNA mutations. By using both methods, we successfully detected U1 snRNA mutation in five DNA samples and four RNA samples.

  Study EGAS50000000693

• Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics - Digital Health Technologies (RADx-DHT): Digital Health Solutions for COVID-19: COVID Community Action and Research Engagement (COVID-CARE)

  Vibrent Health will expand the Vibrent Digital Health Solutions Platform (DHSP) implementation to additional populations among diverse user groups for additional validation of the technology's performance, usability, and reliability in refinement of analytics generating predictive algorithms for infection and that support individual, organizational, community and societal-level decision-making in the COVID-19 pandemic response. This includes the aims to innovate a technology that can differentiate between COVID-19 and flu (or other respiratory illness); develop and test a novel WIFI-based contact tracing tool using a University&#8217;s enterprise WIFI system and software release of augmented contact tracing capabilities in Vibrent's DHSP; and develop a full technical integration approach and strategy to support data exchange between this solution and the NCI data hub.DOI: https://rapids.ll.mit.edu/10.57895/ravs-1b57

  Study phs002533

• Genome_Diversity_in_Africa_Project__Uganda

  Globally, human populations show structured genetic diversity as a result of geographical dispersion, selection and drift. Understanding this genetic variation can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that shape both human adaptation and variation in disease. Populations from SSA have the highest levels of genetic diversity. This characteristic, in addition to historical genetic admixture, can lead to complexities in the design of studies assessing the genetic determinants of disease and human variation. However, such studies of African populations are also likely to provide new opportunities to discover novel disease susceptibility loci and variants and refine gene–disease association signals. A systematic assessment of genetic diversity within SSA would facilitate genomic epidemiological studies in the region. The Genome Diversity in Africa Project (GDAP) aims to produce a comprehensive catalogue of human genetic variation in SSA, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), structural variants, and haplotypes. This resource will make a substantial contribution to understanding patterns of genetic diversity within and among populations in SSA, as well as providing a global resource to help design, implement and interpret genomic studies in SSA populations and studies comprising globally diverse populations, complementing existing genomic resources. Specifically, we plan to carry out high depth whole genome sequencing of up to 2000 individuals across Africa (25 individuals from each ethnolinguistic group). Our scientific objectives are to: 1) develop a resource that provides a comprehensive catalogue of genetic variation in populations from SSA accessible to the global scientific community; 2) characterise population genetic diversity, structure, gene flow and admixture across SSA; 3) develop a cost-efficient, next-generation genotype array for diverse populations across SSA; and 4) facilitate whole genome-sequencing association studies of complex traits and diseases by developing a reference panel for imputation and resource for enhancing fine-mapping disease susceptibility loci. These scientific objectives will be supported by cross-cutting operational activities, including network and management of the consortium, research ethics, and research capacity building in statistical genetics and bioinformatics

  Study EGAS00001002523

• UK10K NEURO GURLING

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches. This sample set consists of DNA from multiply affected schizophrenia families. The families have been diagnosed using the SADS-L clinical instrument which gives diagnoses at the probable level of the research diagnostic criteria (RDC). In addition all diagnoses are available using DSMIIIR criteria. These criteria are widely accepted as being valid and reliable for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. All families have been collected to ensure that they are uni-lineal for transmission of schizophrenia, i.e. they have only one affected parent with schizophrenia, or a relative of only one transmitting or obligate carrier parent with schizophrenia. Families with bi-lineal transmission of schizophrenia (i.e. with both parents being affected) were not sampled for this study. All families have multiple cases of schizophrenia and related disorders. The families have been selected to ensure there are no cases of bipolar disorder within them and that they do not contain bipolar disorder in any relatives on either side of the family.For further information on this cohort please contact Hugh Gurling (h.gurling@ucl.ac.uk).

  Study EGAS00001000225

• Molecular Biomarkers Predicting Lung Cancer Response Phenotypes

  We have used a &#34;chemistry first&#34; approach to discover druggable acquired vulnerabilities that arised in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We screened chemical libraries (&#126;200,000 compounds) for chemical toxins that killed subsets of NSCLC but not normal human lung epithelial cells (HBECs). We first screened a panel of 12 NSCLC lines that represented a variety of known oncogenotypes and identified chemicals with large Z scores and appropriate properties including re-supply, chemistry, and reproducible drug response phenotypes. This was then narrowed down to a list of 202 chemicals and 18 drugs with known targeting (henceforth called &#34;Precision Oncology Probe Set&#34;, or POPS). These, and a panel of 30 clinically available drugs, targeted therapies, and drug combinations, already in use or in trials for NSCLC treatment, were then tested on a panel of 96 NSCLC lines for their drug response phenotypes in 12-point dose response curves. This information was analyzed using scanning ranked KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and elastic net biostatistics approaches to identify molecular biomarkers (mutations, mRNA expression, copy number variation, protein expression, and metabolomics) which could predict for sensitivity or resistance to a particular chemical toxin or treatment regimen. From this we have discovered that: our approach identifies already known molecular biomarker of drug sensitivities (e.g. EGFR mutations and EGFR TK inhibitors); many clinically available chemotherapy agents have molecular biomarkers predicting preclinical model drug responses; the POP set of chemical toxins provides novel drug response phenotype patterns in the large NSCLC panel different from those found with clinically available agents including a therapeutic window; many of the POP toxins only hit a small percentage (&#126;5%) of the NSCLC panel but the POP set as a whole provides &#34;coverage&#34; of the entire NSCLC panel; there are simple, one or 2 component molecular biomarkers (mutations, mRNA expression) that predict responses to the different chemical toxins in the NSCLC panel; and that the molecular biomarkers provide some information on the targets and pathways involved in response to the chemical toxins. Thus, we have identified a group of chemical toxins with selectivity for subsets of NSCLC and associated tumor molecular biomarkers to facilitate their development for precision medicine, and also, in some cases, information on the targets and pathways interdicted by these chemical compounds. In addition, we have discovered NSCLC predictive biomarkers for clinically available agents.

  Study phs001823

• Targeted Myeloid DNA-Panelsequencing, DKFZ

  Targeted myeloid DNA-Panelsequencing from purified bone marrow blasts of 104 treatment naive AML patients from the discovery cohort. For more details, we refere to Jayavelu, Wolf, Buettner et al. Libraries were prepared from 40 ng DNA using the QIASeq Human Myeloid Neoplasms Panel (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Samples were tagged with the QIAseq 96-Unique Dual Index Set A for Illumina platforms (Qiagen) to yield unique combinations of i5 and i7 barcodes for each sample. Sample fragment size distribution and concentration was estimated using the Agilent High Sensitivity DNA kit on a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent). Samples were pooled in an equimolar fashion, denatured, and diluted to 1.5 pM according to Illumina’s recommendations. The diluted library was sequenced on a NextSeq 500 benchtop sequencer (Illumina) using NextSeq High Output cartridges. Demultiplexing was performed using the BaseSpace cloud platform (Illumina).

  Dataset EGAD00001008501