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• Genomic characterisation of MGUS

  The hematological malignancy multiple myeloma (MM), also called Kahler's disease or plasma cell (PC) myeloma, is characterized by a clonal expansion of PCs originating in the bone marrow (BM). The expansion of these cells leads to an overproduction of antibodies and results in typical symptoms such as anemia, renal failure and bone lesions. All cases of MM are preceded by the asymptomatic, non-malignant pre-stage monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Of all MGUS patients, only 1% per year will progress to MM. Despite efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the MGUS-to-MM progression, its pathogenesis still remains largely unknown. Additionally, the genetic profiles of MGUS patients have only been limitedly investigated due to the only incidental finding of MGUS, the difficulties in BM sampling and isolating a sufficient number of aberrant PCs from the BM aspirates of MGUS patients. Consequently, reliable biomarkers to individually predict which MGUS patients will progress to MM and which will not, are lacking. Therefore, it is highly required to study the molecular pathogenesis of MGUS and the role of genetic events in relation to the malignant transformation to MM.

  Dataset EGAD00001006363

• Indexing Genes Impacted by Copy Number Variation in Developmental Disorders

  A challenge in clinical genomics is to predict whether copy number variation (CNV) affecting a gene or multiple genes will manifest as disease. Increasing recognition of gene dosage effects in neurodevelopmental disorders prompted us to develop a computational approach based on critical-exon (highly expressed in brain, highly conserved) examination for potential etiologic effects. Using a large CNV dataset, our updated analyses revealed significant (P < 1.64 x 10-15) enrichment of critical-exons within rare CNVs in cases compared to controls. Separately, we used a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct an unbiased protein module from prenatal and adult tissues and found it significantly enriched for critical exons in prenatal (P < 1.15 x 10-50, OR = 2.11) and adult (P < 6.03 x 10-18, OR = 1.55) development. WGCNA yielded 1,206 proteins for which we prioritized the corresponding genes as likely to have a role in neurodevelopmental disorders. We compared the gene lists obtained from critical-exon and WGCNA analysis and found 438 candidate genes associated with CNVs annotated as pathogenic, or variants of uncertain significance (VOUS), from among 10,619 developmental delay cases. We identified genes containing CNVs previously considered to be VOUS, to be new candidate genes for neurodevelopmental disorders (GIT1, MVB12B and PPP1R9A) demonstrating the utility of this strategy to index the clinical effects of CNVs. Reprinted from Uddin et al, 2016, with permission from Scientific Reports.

  Study phs001154

• Genome Landscape of Primary Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

  The purpose of the Australian ICGC Pancreatic Cancer Genome Sequencing Initiativestudy is to identify the common driving mutations underlying the initiation anddevelopment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in a large cohort of pancreatic cancerpatients (n=350). Matched genome sequences will be generated from normal tissue(duodenum) and resected primary tumour tissue in each patient using exome andwhole genome sequencing. The complete repertoire of somatic mutations will bedetermined (substitutions, indels, copy number changes and structural changes).Where possible, matched transcriptome sequencing will also be carried out todetermine locus activity, which mutations are actively expressed and whichrearrangements give rise to gene-fusion transcripts.

  Study EGAS00001000154

• An isoform quantitative trait locus in SBNO2 links genetic susceptibility to Crohn’s disease with defective antimicrobial activity

  Despite major advances in linking single genetic variants to single causal genes, the significance of genetic variation on transcript-level regulation of expression, transcript-specific functions, and relevance to human disease has been poorly investigated. Strawberry notch homolog 2 (SBNO2) is a candidate gene in a susceptibility locus with different variants associated with Crohn’s disease and bone mineral density. The SBNO2 locus is also differentially methylated in Crohn’s disease but the functional mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that the isoforms of SBNO2 are differentially regulated by lipopolysaccharide and IL-10. We identify Crohn’s disease associated isoform quantitative trait loci that negatively regulate the expression of the noncanonical isoform 2 corresponding with the methylation signals at the isoform 2 promoter in IBD and CD. The two isoforms of SBNO2 drive differential gene networks with isoform 2 dominantly impacting antimicrobial activity in macrophages. Our data highlight the role of isoform quantitative trait loci to understand disease susceptibility and resolve underlying mechanisms of disease. This dataset contains RNAseq raw data from CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages and siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments, as well as RNAseq raw data from THP-1 monocytes-derived macrophages following ectopic expression of SBNO2 isoforms.

  Dataset EGAD50000000264

• Germline DNMT3A mutation in mother-son pair with AML

  A mother/son pair with adult onset diploid AML were evaluated and found to have a dominant negative germline mutation in DNMT3A that is associated with global hypomethylation

  Study EGAS00001002940

• CBP has opposing functions during cerebellar development and is a targetable tumor suppressor at late stages of medulloblastoma initiation

  CBP has opposing functions during cerebellar development and is a targetable tumor suppressor at late stages of medulloblastoma initiation

  Dataset EGAD00001001461

• Blood neutrophils in COPD derive from activated progenitors in the bone marrow

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major respiratory disease characterized by small airway inflammation, emphysema and severe breathing difficulties. Low-grade systemic inflammation is an established hallmark of severe disease, however, the molecular changes in peripheral immune cells remain far from understood. We combined multi-color flow cytometry with single-cell RNA sequencing and showed that blood neutrophil numbers are significantly increased in COPD and they are a heterogeneous population. A transcriptomic state that expressed interferon response genes correlated with alveolar damage and acute exacerbations. Furthermore, bronchoalveolar neutrophils expressed gene signatures corresponding to certain blood neutrophil states. Last, our data in a murine model of cigarette smoke exposure demonstrated that bone marrow neutrophil progenitors are expanded in smoke-treated animals and display signs of immune activation. Our study provides evidence that COPD systemic inflammation may derive from an activated haematopoietic precursor compartment.

  Dataset EGAD00001008788

• Blood neutrophils in COPD derive from activated progenitors in the bone marrow sc Seqwell

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major respiratory disease characterized by small airway inflammation, emphysema and severe breathing difficulties. Low-grade systemic inflammation is an established hallmark of severe disease, however, the molecular changes in peripheral immune cells remain far from understood. We combined multi-color flow cytometry with single-cell RNA sequencing and showed that blood neutrophil numbers are significantly increased in COPD and they are a heterogeneous population. A transcriptomic state that expressed interferon response genes correlated with alveolar damage and acute exacerbations. Furthermore, bronchoalveolar neutrophils expressed gene signatures corresponding to certain blood neutrophil states. Last, our data in a murine model of cigarette smoke exposure demonstrated that bone marrow neutrophil progenitors are expanded in smoke-treated animals and display signs of immune activation. Our study provides evidence that COPD systemic inflammation may derive from an activated haematopoietic precursor compartment.

  Dataset EGAD00001008908

• Blood neutrophils in COPD derive from activated progenitors in the bone marrow sc Rhapsody

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major respiratory disease characterized by small airway inflammation, emphysema and severe breathing difficulties. Low-grade systemic inflammation is an established hallmark of severe disease, however, the molecular changes in peripheral immune cells remain far from understood. We combined multi-color flow cytometry with single-cell RNA sequencing and showed that blood neutrophil numbers are significantly increased in COPD and they are a heterogeneous population. A transcriptomic state that expressed interferon response genes correlated with alveolar damage and acute exacerbations. Furthermore, bronchoalveolar neutrophils expressed gene signatures corresponding to certain blood neutrophil states. Last, our data in a murine model of cigarette smoke exposure demonstrated that bone marrow neutrophil progenitors are expanded in smoke-treated animals and display signs of immune activation. Our study provides evidence that COPD systemic inflammation may derive from an activated haematopoietic precursor compartment.

  Dataset EGAD00001009704

• Germline biallelic mutation affecting the transcription factor Helios causes pleiotropic defects of immunity

  We studied a patient with recurrent respiratory infections and hypogammaglobulinemia and identified a germline homozygous missense mutation in IKZF2 encoding Helios (p.Ile325Val). We show that HeliosI325V retains DNA-binding and dimerization properties, but loses interaction with several partners, including epigenetic remodelers HDAC1, HDAC3 and the ATAC complex. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed gene expression signatures indicative of a shift towards pro-inflammatory, effector-like status in the patient’s T cells. We observed an upregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene, TSC22D3, encoding the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), whose expression was reported to increase upon IL-2 deprivation. We validated this finding in primary T cells, where we observed a pronounced reduction in IL-2 production upon their stimulation, together with a defect in their ability to proliferate, rendering them more anergic. Collectively, we identify a novel germline-encoded inborn error of immunity and define a role for Helios in conventional T cells, whereby interactions with specific binding partners is necessary to mediate the transcriptional programs that enable T-cell homeostasis in health and disease.

  Study EGAS00001005675

• Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of aging Down Syndrome brains

  Down syndrome (DS) – trisomy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) – is characterized by lifelong cognitive impairments and development of neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The cellular and molecular modifications responsible for these effects are not understood. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) employing both short (Illumina) and long-read (Pacific Biosciences) sequencing technologies on a total of 29 DS and non-DS control prefrontal cortex samples. In DS, the ratio of inhibitory-to-excitatory neurons was significantly increased, which was not observed in previous reports examining sporadic AD. DS microglial transcriptomes displayed AD-related aging and activation signatures in advance of AD neuropathology, with increased microglial expression of C1q complement genes (associated with dendritic pruning) and the HSA21 transcription factor gene RUNX1. Long-read sequencing detected vast RNA isoform diversity within and amongst specific cell types including numerous novel sequences that differed between DS and normal brains. Notably, over 8,000 genes produced RNAs containing intra-exonic junctions (IEJs), including APP that had previously been associated with somatic gene recombination. These and related results illuminate large-scale cellular and transcriptomic alterations as novel features of the aging DS brain.

  Study EGAS00001005691

• UK10K NEURO FSZNK

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches. This Finnish schizophrenia sample set has been collected from a population cohort using national registers. The entire sample collection consists of 2756 individuals from 458 families of whom 931 are diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Families outside Kuusamo (n=288) all had at least two affected siblings. All diagnoses are based on DSM-IV and for a large fraction of cases there is cognitive data.For further details/descriptions with regard to this data set please contact Tiina Paunio (tiina.paunio@thl.fi)

  Study EGAS00001000119

• Targeted Long-Read Sequencing of the Ewing Sarcoma 6p25.1 Susceptibility Locus

  Ewing Sarcoma (EwS) is rare but the second most common cancer in children, adolescents and young adults. Recent studies suggest germline variation in or around GGAA microsatellites may interact with fusion oncoprotein binding causing changes in binding affinity and potentially impacting enhancer activity on nearby target genes. This study aims to better understand germline variation around EwS susceptibility regions by performing long-range haplotype sequencing of these regions using PacBio sequencing. Our analysis focused on characterizing variation in GGAA microsatellite length as well as germline variants in or around the microsatellite and their association with EwS risk.

  Study phs003159

• Surgery in combination with immune checkpoint therapy as an effective treatment for patients with metastatic cancer.

  Abstract Surgical removal of primary tumors was shown to reverse tumor-mediated immune suppression in pre-clinical models with metastatic disease. However, how cytoreductive surgery in the metastatic setting modulates the immune responses in patients, especially in the context of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT)-containing treatments is not understood. Here, we report the first prospective, non-comparative clinical trial (N=104) using three different ICT-containing strategies plus cytoreductive or “debulking” surgery to remove the primary tumor-bearing kidney or a metastatic lesion as a treatment for patients (N=43) with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC). For those patients (N=61) who were not candidates for cytoreductive surgery, a biopsy was obtained instead for correlative biological studies. Our data demonstrated that the combination of ICT with cytoreductive surgery was safe and feasible in patients with mccRCC. The 2-year overall survival was 84% with a median OS of 54.7 months for patients who received ICT containing regimens plus surgery. Immune-monitoring studies with co-detection by indexing (CODEX) identified distinct tumor spatial conformation of cellular subsets as a novel and improved predictor of response to ICT. Importantly, single-cell RNA-sequencing data demonstrated that surgical removal of the tumor increased antigen-presenting dendritic cell population with a concurrent reduction in KDM6B expressing immune-suppressive myeloid cells in the peripheral blood. Together, this study highlighted the feasibility of combining ICT with cytoreductive surgery in a metastatic setting and demonstrated potential enhancement of immune responses following ICT plus cytoreductive surgery in patients with metastatic disease.

  Study EGAS00001005667

• Neutralizing Antibodies against West Nile Virus Identified Directly from Human B Cells by Single-Cell Analysis and Next Generation Sequencing

  West Nile virus (WNV) infection is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause severe neurological illness. We analyzed the humoral response to WNV of subjects infected with WNV at different stages of the infection and at different levels of detail, from single cells to the repertoire level. We integrated single-cell analysis by microengraving with next-generation sequencing and identified four novel WNV neutralizing antibodies with potential use as therapeutics against WNV infection. The results indicate persistence of WNV-specific memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells in post-convalescent subjects and suggest that the antibody response itself does not predict the clinical severity of the disease.

  Study phs001200

• Effects of Metformin on Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles in Breast Cancer Survivors Enrolled in the Randomized Placebo-Controlled MetBreCS Trial

  Metformin reduces the incidence of breast cancer in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, our knowledge of the effects of metformin on breast cancer recurrence is limited. Within the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase II trial MetBreCS, we examined changes in breast tissue from breast cancer survivors with BMI >25 kg/m2 after treatment with metformin. To identify metformin-regulated signaling pathways, we integrated the transcriptomic, metabolomic and steroid hormone profiles using bivariate and functional analyses. We identified MS4A1, HBA2, MT-RNR1 and MT-RNR2 expression to be differentially expressed in breast tissues from metformin-treated women. We also found metformin-associated down-regulation of EGFL6 and FDCSP in postmenopausal women. The integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles revealed down-regulation of immune response genes associated with reduced levels of arginine and citrulline in the metformin-treated group. The integration of transcriptomic and steroid hormone profiles showed an enrichment of steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism pathways with highly negatively correlated CYP11A1 and CYP1B1 expression in breast tissue from postmenopausal metformin-treated women. Our results indicate that breast cancer survivors treated with metformin have specific changes in breast tissue gene expression that may prevent the development of new tumors. Within the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase II trial MetBreCS, we examined changes in breast tissue from breast cancer survivors with BMI >25 kg/m2 after treatment with metformin using bulk RNAseq (total mRNA sequencing), that is deposited in Federated EGA. The steroid hormones, and metabolomics and the insulin sensitivity serum biomarker data underlying this article may be shared upon reasonable request to the PI of the MetBreCS study (Dr. Bernardo Bonanni), following approval by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board at IEO, Milan.

  Study EGAS50000000874

• RNA-Seq of human longitudinal whole blood samples from PCR-positive and PCR-negative adults following controlled inoculation with Influenza A H3N2 virus.

  Understanding of the transcriptomic profile of individuals in early influenza infection is limited. To investigate this, longitudinal whole-blood samples (n=178) were taken from adult participants following controlled inoculation with Influenza A H3N2 virus (sampling at baseline (0) and days 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 and 14 post-challenge). Most participants became influenza PCR-positive; a minority remained PCR-negative. Total RNA was extracted from PAXgene tubes before undergoing globin and rRNA depletion. DNA libraries were constructed using the NEBNext® Ultra™ II Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina. All samples were then sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000.

  Dataset EGAD50000000956

• Small_molecule_inhibitors_in_melanoma___Kenski___Kong___WES

  Small-molecule inhibitors targeting the most commonly activated pathway in melanoma, MAPK pathway (either alone or in combination) are already given to melanoma patients for few years, and initially reduce tumour burden dramatically, eventually melanomas become resistant and tumours progress while on treatment. Resistance to this treatment occurs by acquisition of additional mutations or other alterations that affect the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by either direct or indirect signalling. Many resistance mechanisms somehow lead to reactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), thereby restoring signalling of the oncogenic BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway. In addition, PI3K pathway activation contributes to resistance to BRAF inhibition. Less frequent but equally important to the phenomenon of targeted drug resistance is the observation that B15–20% of BRAF mutant melanoma patients fail to respond to BRAF inhibition already early on treatment, owing to intrinsic resistance. These patients have little therapeutic options, unless immunotherapy can be given. To better understand the resistance mechanisms in MAPK inhibitor-treated melanoma patients and melanoma biology, our lab generated a big panel of MAPK inhibitor resistant melanoma cell lines by continuous drug exposure. The understanding of the genetic landscape and gene expression as well as cross resistance to other treatment regimens, and other aspects of melanoma biology such as phenotype switch, will allow us to better exploit new therapeutic strategies for melanoma patients.

  Study EGAS00001002863

• Swarm Learning to identify COVID-19, tuberculosis and leukemia patients based on blood transcriptomes

  Identification of patients with life-threatening diseases including leukemias or infections such as tuberculosis or COVID-19 is an important goal of modern precision medicine. However, there is an increasing divide between what is technically possible and what is allowed because of privacy legislation. We have recently illustrated that classical machine learning can identify leukemia patients based on their blood transcriptomes. To facilitate integration of any omics data from any data owner world-wide without violating privacy laws, we here introduce Swarm Learning (SL), a decentralized machine learning approach uniting edge computing, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain and privacy protection without the need for a central coordinator thereby going beyond federated learning. To illustrate its feasibility, using more than 12,000 transcriptomes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and more than 2,000 peripheral blood transcriptomes we demonstrate that SL of omics data distributed across different individual sites leads to disease classifiers that outperform those developed at individual sites. Yet, SL completely protects local privacy regulations by design. We propose this approach to noticeably accelerate the introduction of precision medicine.

  Dataset EGAD00001006231

• Final results and ctDNA analyses from the randomized phase 3 IMpassion031 trial evaluating peri-operative atezolizumab for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer

  In IMpassion031, adding atezolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathologic complete response (pCR) rate (primary endpoint) for stage II/III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients with stage II/III TNBC were randomized 1:1 to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus peri-operative atezolizumab or pre-operative placebo. Descriptive secondary endpoints included event-free, disease-free, and overall survival. Long-term outcomes favored the atezolizumab group (event-free survival HR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.47–1.21). Among patients without pCR, 14/70 (20%) atezolizumab-treated and 33/99 (33%) placebo-treated patients received additional adjuvant therapy, frequently capecitabine. In exploratory analyses, pCR was prognostic for long-term outcome. Patients with baseline ctDNA-negative status (6%) had excellent long-term outcomes. Most patients (87%) had cleared ctDNA at surgery. ctDNA-positive status at surgery identified a subset of non-pCR patients with poorest prognosis. Long-term safety was consistent with primary results. Adding atezolizumab to chemotherapy for stage II/III TNBC is associated with more favorable long-term outcomes. ctDNA dynamics provide prognostic value beyond pCR. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03197935

  Study EGAS50000000974

• WGS of human colorectal cancer organoid exposed to genotoxic pks+ E. coli

  Organoid cultures were exposed to different E.Coli strains and a dye control. In total 25 organoid cultures were whole-genome sequenced using the Novaseq6000 platforms. The data is deposited as .bam format.

  Dataset EGAD50000000304

• Monitoring of leukemia clones in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis and during treatment by single-cell DNA amplicon sequencing

  Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by the presence of chromosomal changes, including numerical changes, translocations and deletions, which are often associated with additional single nucleotide mutations. In this study we used single-cell targeted DNA sequencing to determine the clonal heterogeneity of B-cell ALL at diagnosis and during chemotherapy treatment. With a customly designed DNA amplicon library targeting the most common mutations (in 110 genes) present in ALL, we analyzed bone marrow samples and/or blood samples from 12 B-ALL cases at diagnosis. For 4 cases where we detected multiple mutational clones at diagnosis, we also studied blood samples during the first weeks of chemotherapy treatment. This study shows that B-ALL cases with either a ETV6-RUNX1 or a BCR-ABL1 fusion have a low mutational burden, while cases with PAX5 alterations or hyperdyploidy have multiple clones at diagnosis, often with mutations in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and the RAS signaling pathway. As expected, it can be observed that these clones disappear during treatment of the leukemia with almost no mutated cells left after two weeks of treatment.

  Study EGAS00001005029

• Protracted Neuronal Recruitment in the Temporal Lobe of Young Children

  This study describes a stream of migrating neurons directed to the human entorhinal cortex. This migration is among the most protracted in the developing human brain, with young neurons still arriving at 2-3 years of age. We did not observe a similar migratory process in the early postnatal macaque brain, which suggests that this migration may be uniquely delayed or extended into early postnatal human life. Using immunohistochemistry and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we identified these late-arriving neurons as being mainly CGE-derived LAMP5+/RELN+ interneurons.

  Study phs003509

• Clinical and biomarker dataset

  Clinical & biomarker data from IMagyn050: treatment arm, treatment approach, outcome of surgery, ECOG PS, PD-L1 status, race, age, disease stage, progression free survival (investigator assessed), overall survival, histology, tumor mutation burden and status, genomic loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite status, BRCA1/2 mutation status, tissue of origin. Mutation status based on FoundationOne NGS for the following genes is also being provided: TP53, BRCA1, CCNE1, MYC, NF1, PIK3CA, RAD21, TERC, PRKCI, KRAS, RB1, BRCA2, ARID1A, AKT2, PTEN, KDM5A, NOTCH3, FGF12, ERBB2, CDK12, EMSY, WHSC1L1, BCL2L1, CDKN2A, GNAS, ARFRP1, ZNF217, SOX2, CCND2, FGF6, FGF23, LYN, MUTYH, AURKA, FGFR1, MCL1, MLL2, MYCL1, ZNF703, BRAF, MAP2K4, CREBBP, TSC2

  Dataset EGAD00001009797

• METABRIC miRNA landscape

  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in cancer pathogenesis1. They display differential expression across breast cancer subtypes, and play oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles2-6. A systematic study of the global miRNA landscape in breast cancer and the factors shaping it has not been undertaken. Here we report the results of profiling miRNA expression in 1,302 breast tumors with detailed clinical annotation and long-term follow-up, and for which matching genomic and mRNA expression data were available7. This provides a comprehensive view of the quantity, distribution and variation of the miRNA population and dissects how much genomic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional events contribute to miRNA expression architecture. The key clinical parameters and cellular pathways related to the miRNA landscape are identified, exemplified by context-dependent interaction with cell adhesion and Wnt signaling. Strikingly, in breast cancer miRNAs appear to act as modulators of mRNA-mRNA interactions rather than molecular switches. We demonstrate an important modulatory role for miRNAs in the biology of breast tumors devoid of somatic copy number aberrations, a common subtype where immune response is prominent. Remarkably, prognostic miRNA signatures derived in this subtype are consistently prognostic across several other subtypes and validate in external cohorts. These findings represent a new framework to study the biology of miRNA in human cancer.

  Study EGAS00000000122

• Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell disease patients from Tanzania

  Levels of fetal hemoglobin have been associated with differences in severity and outcome of sickle cell disease (SCD). While some genetic associations have been reported between SNPs and HbF level, little of the variance in the trait is explained, and most studies have focused on African American, rather than African samples. We have carried out a GWAS in a collection of SCD patients from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This sample represents a diverse, metropolitan collection of individuals from East Africa. Omni 2.5M genotypes and HbF levels (measured after 5 years of age) are available.

  Study EGAS00001000990

• Preferential infiltration of distinct Vγ9δ2 T cells into Glioblastoma multiforme

  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most fatal CNS cancer, is highly infiltrative as a result of phenotypic alteration of cancer cells mainly driven by a mutual interaction among cancer cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and other stromal cells. This work aims at characterizing GBM-infiltrating γδ T cells that may regulate the GBM tumor microenvironment and cancer cell gene expression. V(D)J repertoires of tumor-infiltrating and blood circulating γδ T cells from 4 patients were analyzed by NGS-based TCR sequencing. RNA gene expression profiling and immunostaining of cancer tissues were performed as well.

  Study EGAS00001002790

• Exploring the Genomic Dark Matter of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

  Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) are a group of disorders that typically manifest early in development and may give rise to impaired cognition, communication, adaptive behavior, and psychomotor skills. This study aims to take a more comprehensive view into the genomic landscape of structural variants implicated in NDDs with intellectual disability (ID). We have evaluated the genome of families with a genetically unsolved severe NDD via optical genome mapping. This study identified likely pathogenic or pathogenic structural variants in known NDD genes, including BCL11A, OPHN1, PHF8, SON, and NFIA. Data is available in VCF format, following the standard filtering settings in Bionano Access and available as "variants_combine_filters_inMoleRefine1.vcf" files.

  Study phs002937

• Landscape and significance of multiple mutations in oncogenes.

  This study is a comprehensive pan-cancer study of oncogenic multiple mutations (MMs) which includes long-read whole-genome sequencing data (n = 3).

  Study EGAS00001003763

• Whole genome sequencing of glioblastoma reveals enrichment of non-coding constraint mutations in known and novel genes

  The dataset comprises of an aggregate level VCF (version 4.1), containing the somatic point and indel mutations found across the glioblastoma cohort (SweGBM-1, n=38 samples). The VCF file is in accordance with the HTS format specifications (https://samtools.github.io/hts-specs/).

  Dataset EGAD00001006084

• Common early-life exposure of the colorectal epithelium to the microbiome-derived mutagen colibactin

  Colibactin is a mutagen produced by bacterial strains in the colorectal microbiomes of some healthy people. It generates somatic mutations characterised by the mutational signatures SBS88 and ID18 in normal human colorectal epithelial cells in vivo. Increasing prevalence of colibactin mutagenesis during the 20th century is hypothesised to have caused recent international increases in early-onset colorectal cancer incidence. Here, we establish the early-life prevalence, timing, mutation burdens and distribution through the colon of colibactin mutagenesis by sequencing normal colorectal epithelial cell genomes to detect SBS88 and ID18 in children and adolescents from the UK and Denmark biopsied between 2016 and 2024. Colibactin mutagenesis was found in ~40% individuals. It starts soon after birth and often ceases by age five years, although some children show longer exposures. Mutation burdens are higher in the left than right colon and show substantial variation between exposed individuals, in some causing >100-fold increases in total mutation loads compared to unexposed children of the same age. Therefore, colorectal mutagenesis by colibactin is currently common in some populations, occurs during early childhood and can produce markedly elevated somatic mutation burdens. The future public health implications of this widespread mutagen exposure will depend on clarification of its role in colorectal cancer causation.

  Dataset EGAD00001015830

• Genetic heritage of the Baphuthi highlights an over-ethnicised notion of 'Bushman' in the Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa

  Using contemporary people as proxies for ancient communities is a contentious but necessary practice in anthropology. In southern Africa, the distinction between the Cape KhoeSan and eastern KhoeSan remains unclear as ethnicity labels have been changed through time and most communities were decimated if not extirpated. The eastern KhoeSan may have had genetic distinctions from neighbouring communities who speak Bantu languages and KhoeSan further away, alternatively the identity may not have been tied to any notion of biology, instead denoting communities with a nomadic 'lifeway' distinct from African agro-pastoralism. The Baphuthi of the 1800s in the Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa had a substantial KhoeSan constituency and a lifeway of nomadism, cattle raiding, and horticulture. Baphuthi heritage could provide insights into the history of the eastern KhoeSan. We examine genetic affinities of 23 Baphuthi to discern whether the narrative of KhoeSan descent reflects distinct genetic ancestry. Genome-wide SNP data (Illumina GSA) were merged with 52 global populations, for 160K SNPs. Genetic analyses show no support for a unique eastern KhoeSan ancestry distinct from other KhoeSan or southern Bantu-speakers. The Baphuthi have strong affinities with early-arriving southern Bantu-speaking (Nguni) communities, as the later-arriving non-Nguni show strong evidence of recent African admixture possibly related to Late-Iron Age migrations. The references to communities as 'San',and 'Bushman' in historic literature has often been misconstrued as notions of ethnic/biological distinctions. The terms may have reflected ambiguous references to non-sedentary polities instead, as seems to be the case for the eastern ‘Bushman’ heritage of the Baphuthi.

  Study EGAS00001007080

• Proteogenomics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  Cancer heterogeneity at the proteome level may explain differences in therapy response and prognosis beyond the currently established genomic and transcriptomic based diagnostics. The relevance of proteomics for disease classifications remains to be established in clinically heterogeneous cancer entities such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we characterized the proteome and transcriptome in-depth alongside genetic and ex-vivo drug response profiling in a clinically well annotated CLL discovery cohort (n= 68). Unsupervised clustering of the proteome data revealed six subgroups. Five of these proteomic groups were associated with genetic features, while one group was only detectable at the proteome level. This new group was characterized by accelerated disease progression, high spliceosomal protein abundances associated with aberrant splicing, and low B cell receptor signaling protein abundances (ASB-CLL). We developed classifiers to identify ASB-CLL based on its characteristic proteome or splicing signature in two independent cohorts (n= 165, n= 169) and confirmed that ASB-CLL comprises about 20 % of CLL patients. The inferior overall survival observed in ASB-CLL was independent of both TP53- and IGHV mutation status. Our multi-omics analysis refines the classification of CLL and highlights the potential of proteomics to improve cancer patient stratification beyond genetic and transcriptomic profiling. This is the transcriptomics data of the discovery cohort.

  Study EGAS00001005746

• Next-Generation Sequencing of AV Nodal Reentry Tachycardia patients

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. This arrhythmia affects women twice as frequently as men, and is often diagnosed in patients below 40 years of age. Familial clustering, early onset of symptoms, and lack of structural anomaly indicate involvement of genetic factors in AVNRT pathophysiology. We hypothesized that AVNRT patients have a high prevalence of variants in genes that are highly expressed in the atrioventricular conduction axis of the heart and potentially involved in arrhythmic diseases. Next-generation sequencing of 67 genes was applied to the DNA profile of 298 AVNRT patients and 10 AVNRT family members using HaloPlex Target Enrichment System.In total, we identified 229 variants in 60 genes; 215 missenses, four frame shifts, four codon deletions, three missense and splice sites, two stop-gain variants, and one start-lost variant. Sixty-five of these were not present in the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database. Furthermore, we report two AVNRT families with co-segregating variants. Seventy-five of 284 AVNRT patients (26.4%) and three family members to different AVNRT probands had one or more variants in genes affecting the sodium handling. Fifty-four out of 284 AVNRT patients (19.0%) had variants in genes affecting the calcium handling of the heart. We furthermore find a large proportion of variants in the HCN1-4 genes. We did not detect a significant enrichment of rare variants in the tested genes.This could be an indication that AVNRT might be an electrical arrhythmic disease with abnormal sodium and calcium handling.

  Study EGAS00001002745

• LLDeep DAG2+: scRNA-seq in PBMCs

  Single cell transcriptomics of PBMCs of 47 donors from the Lifelines Deep cohort (general population, Northern part of the Netherlands). Cells of five or six different donors were pooled together in one sample pool, resulting in eight different sample pools. In total, 28.855 cells were captured and their transcriptomes were sequenced to an average depth of 74k. Genotype data was available for each donor, which allowed us to use the Demuxlet method that uses variable SNPs between the pooled individuals to determine which cell belongs to which individual. Since genotype information is lacking of 2 individuals, the transcriptome of only 45 individuals could be retrieved.

  Dataset EGAD00001003459

• Genomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Patients with Malignant Pleural and Peritoneal Mesothelioma: The NCI Cohort

  Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Better understanding of mesothelioma genomics and transcriptomics could advance novel therapies. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WXS) of germline and tumors of 122 patients, and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) of tumor samples of 100 patients with pleural, peritoneal, and tunica-vaginalis mesothelioma.The biospecimens used in this study were collected as a part of the Mesothelioma Natural History Protocol (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01950572), wherein, samples were collected from subjects with malignant mesothelioma as listed in the eligibility criteria below and written consent from each participant was obtained before sample acquisition.

  Study phs002207

• A genome scan for genes underlying adult body size differences between Central African hunter-gatherers and farmers.

  The evolutionary and biological bases of the Central African pygmy phenotype, a characteristic of rainforest huntergatherers defined by reduced body size compared with neighboring farmers, remain largely unknown. Here, we perform a joint investigation in Central African hunter-gatherers and farmers of adult standing height, sitting height, leg length, and body mass index (BMI), considering 358 hunter-gatherers and 169 farmers with genotypes for 153,798 SNPs. In addition to reduced standing heights, hunter-gatherers have shorter sitting heights and leg lengths and higher sitting/standing height ratios than farmers and lower BMI for males. Standing height, sitting height, and leg length are strongly correlated with inferred levels of farmer genetic ancestry, whereas BMI is only weakly correlated, perhaps reflecting greater contributions of non-genetic factors to body weight than to height. Single- and multi-marker association tests identify one region and eight genes associated with hunter-gatherer/farmer status, and 24 genes associated with the height-related traits. Many of these genes have putative functions consistent with roles in determining their associated traits and the pygmy phenotype, and they include three associated with standing height in non-Africans (PRKG1, DSCAM, MAGI2). We find evidence that European height-associated SNPs or variants in linkage disequilibrium with them contribute to standing- and sitting-height determination in Central Africans, but not to the differential status of hunter-gatherers and farmers. These findings provide new insights into the biological basis of the pygmy phenotype, and they highlight the potential of cross-population studies for exploring the genetic basis of phenotypes that vary naturally across populations. Pemberton et al. Human Genetics 2018 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-018-1902-3

  Study EGAS00001002975

• Selective advantage of mutant stem cells in human clonal hematopoiesis is associated with attenuated response to inflammation and aging

  In this study we characterised the consequences of DNMT3A- and TET2-mutations in human clonal haematopoiesis. We screened 195 bone marrow samples for mutations by targeted DNA sequencing, and sequenced 99 paired peripheral blood samples to compare mutation detection between bone marrow and blood. We performed single-cell analysis with TARGET-seq+ on 13 samples (4 controls and 9 clonal haematopoiesis samples), which combines single-cell genotyping for targeted mutations with whole transcriptome sequencing on FACS sorted cells. Single-cell genotyping and transcriptomes were sequenced separately and linked by common single-cell identifiers.

  Study EGAS00001007358

• Tobacco exposure and somatic mutations in normal human bronchial epithelium

  That tobacco smoking causes lung cancer is well-established, but we lack quantitative understanding of its effects on genomes of normal bronchial epithelium. We sequenced whole genomes of 632 colonies derived from single bronchial epithelial cells across 16 subjects. Tobacco smoking is the major influence on mutation burden, adding 1000-10,000+ mutations/cell, massively increasing both between-subject and within-subject variance, and generating several distinct signatures of substitutions and indels. A population of cells in subjects with smoking history had mutation burdens equivalent to that expected for never-smokers: these cells lacked tobacco-specific mutational signatures, were four-fold more frequent in ex-smokers than current smokers, and had significantly longer telomeres than their more mutated counterparts. Driver mutations increased in frequency with age, affecting 4-14% of cells in middle-aged never-smokers. In current smokers, ≥25% of cells carried driver mutations and 0-6% cells had 2 or even 3 drivers. Thus, tobacco smoking increases mutation burden, cell-to-cell heterogeneity and driver mutations, but quitting promotes replenishment of bronchial epithelium from mitotically quiescent cells that have avoided tobacco mutagenesis.

  Dataset EGAD00001005193

• MAITS in HCC

  Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death and can be considered a prototype of inflammation-derived cancer arising from chronic liver injury. The cell composition of the HCC tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) has a major impact on cancer biology as the TiME can have divergent capacities on tumor initiation, progress, and response to therapy. Recent development of multi-omics and single-cell technologies help us to comprehensively quantify the cellular heterogeneity and spatial organization of the TiME and to further our understanding of antitumor immunity. We investigated the cellular composition of liver cancer patient samples (n=8) using single-cell RNA-seq. For this purpose, mononuclear cells were isolated from human liver cancer samples. Three locations within the tumor-bearing liver were used: adjacent liver, rim and tumor core. Then, cells were FACS sorted (either CD45+ cells or MAIT cells) and subjected to 10X Chromium-based scRNA-seq. We investigated immune cell changes and the cellular heterogeneity of the HCC TiME with a focus on MAIT cells. Annotated H5 files are provided. Clinical metadata including TMN stage, sex, gender, ethnicity, pretreatment, and histopathological reports are available for all patient samples. Further details on the study can be obtained in our paper once it’s published.A complementary dataset derived from ultrahighplex CO-Detection by indEXing (CODEX) from paired patient samples can be accessed through The Cancer Imaging Archives (TCIA) under DOI: https://doi.org/10.7937/bh0r-y074.

  Study phs003279

• Exome sequencing of Congenital Heart Disease families Royal Brompton

  This project aims to study at least 90 exomes from families with congenital heart disease. The samples have been selected at the Royal, Brompton Hospital in collaboration with Stuart Cook and Piers Daubeney. Ethic approval has been sought for in the UK and a HDMMC agreement for submitting these samples is in place at the WTSI. The phenotype we wil primarily focus our analysis is severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstructions (LVOTO) and Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD). The indexed Agilent whole exome pulldown libraries will be sequenced on 75bp PE HiSeq (Illumina).

  Dataset EGAD00001000797

• Filtered variants including SLC12A2 in patients with hearing loss

  Hereditary hearing loss is challenging to diagnose because of the heterogeneity of the causative genes. Further, some genes involved in hereditary hearing loss have yet to be identified. Using whole-exome analysis of three families with congenital, severe-to-profound hearing loss, we identified a missense variant of SLC12A2 in five affected members of one family showing a dominant inheritance mode, along with de novo splice-site and missense variants of SLC12A2 in two sporadic cases, as promising candidates associated with hearing loss.

  Study JGAS000379

• Control of Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation by RUNX1-regulated miRNAs in high-risk AML

  We recently described a 16-gene expression signature for improved risk stratification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients called the AML Prognostic Score (APS). A subset of APS high-risk AML patients showed increased levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), encoded by the Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 (PTK2) gene, which was correlated with RUNX1 mutations. RUNX1 mutant cells are more sensitive to PTK2 inhibitors. As we were not able to detect RUNX1 binding sites in the PTK2 promoter, we hypothesized that RUNX1 might regulate micro(mi)RNAs that repress PTK2, such that loss-of-function RUNX1 mutations would result in reduced miRNA expression and derepression of PTK2. Examination of paired RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data from 301 AML cases revealed two miRNAs that positively correlated with RUNX1 expression, contained RUNX1 binding sites in their promoters and were predicted to target PTK2. We show that the hsa-let7a-2-3p and hsa-miR-135a-5p promoters are regulated by RUNX1, and that PTK2 is a direct target of both miRNAs. Even in the absence of RUNX1 mutations, hsa-let7a-2-3p and hsa-miR-135a-5p regulate PTK2 expression, and reduced expression of these two miRNAs sensitizes AML cells to PTK2 inhibition. These data explain how RUNX1 regulates PTK2, and identify potential miRNA biomarkers for targeting AML with PTK2 inhibitors.

  Study EGAS00001006491

• MINCR is a MYC-induced lncRNA able to modulate MYC’s transcriptional network in Burkitt lymphoma cells

  Despite the established role of the transcription factor MYC in cancer, little is known about the involvement of lncRNAs in mediating MYC’s function. Here we have intersected RNA-sequencing data from MYC-inducible cell lines, from a cohort of 91 mature B-cell lymphomas and from sorted germinal-center B-cells. By this approach, we identified 13 lncRNAs differentially expressed in IG-MYC-positive Burkitt lymphoma and regulated by MYC in the model cell lines. Among them we focused on a lncRNA that we named MINCR, showing a strong correlation with MYC expression in MYC-positive lymphomas and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. RNAi experiments showed that MINCR controls cellular viability by influencing the expression of MYC-regulated cell cycle genes. Finally we provide evidences that down-regulation of AURKA, AURKB and CTD1 may explain the reduction in cellular proliferation observed upon MINCR knock-down. We therefore suggest that MINCR acts as a modulator of MYC transcriptional control of cell cycle genes.

  Study EGAS00001001199

• Genome-to-genome analysis highlights the impact of the human innate and adaptive immune systems on the hepatitis C virus

  Outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and treatment depend on viral and host genetic factors. We use human genome-wide genotyping arrays and new whole-genome HCV viral sequencing technologies to perform a systematic genome-to-genome study of 542 individuals chronically infected with HCV, predominately genotype 3. We show that both HLA alleles and interferon lambda innate immune system genes drive viral genome polymorphism, and that IFNL4 genotypes determine HCV viral load through a mechanism that is dependent on a specific polymorphism in the HCV polyprotein. We highlight the interplay between innate immune responses and the viral genome in HCV control.

  Study EGAS00001002324

• RNA-seq data from hypothalamic tissue from individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome and age-matched controls.

  RNA-seq data (bam files) from the hypothalamus of 4 individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome and 4 age-matched control individuals. Detailed information about the study design, case-control matching and RNA-seq data processing is provided in the accompanying publication [Bochukova et al (2018) Cell Reports].

  Dataset EGAD00001004034

• Machine Learning Signal Enrichment for Ultrasensitive Plasma Tumor Burden Monitoring

  In solid tumor oncology, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is poised to transform care through accurate assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) and therapeutic response monitoring. To overcome the sparsity of ctDNA fragments in low tumor fraction (TF) settings and increase MRD sensitivity, we previously leveraged genome-wide mutational integration through plasma whole genome sequencing (WGS). We now introduce MRD-EDGE, a composite machine learning-guided WGS ctDNA single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variant (CNV) detection platform designed to increase signal enrichment. MRD-EDGESNV uses deep learning and a ctDNA-specific feature space to increase SNV signal-to-noise enrichment in WGS by 300X compared to previous WGS error suppression. MRD-EDGECNV also reduces the degree of aneuploidy needed for ultrasensitive CNV detection through WGS from 1 Gb to 200 Mb, thereby expanding its applicability to a wider range of solid tumors. We harness the improved performance to identify MRD following surgery in multiple cancer types, track changes in tumor burden in response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and demonstrate ctDNA shedding in precancerous colorectal adenomas. Finally, the radical signal-to-noise enrichment in MRD-EDGESNV enables de novo mutation calling in melanoma and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) without matched tumor, yielding clinically informative TF monitoring for patients on immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI).

  Study EGAS00001007451

• Machine learning guided signal enrichment for ultrasensitive plasma tumor burden monitoring

  In solid tumor oncology, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is poised to transform care through accurate assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) and therapeutic response monitoring. To overcome the sparsity of ctDNA fragments in low tumor fraction (TF) settings and increase MRD sensitivity, we previously leveraged genome-wide mutational integration through plasma whole genome sequencing (WGS). We now introduce MRD-EDGE, a composite machine learning-guided WGS ctDNA single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variant (CNV) detection platform designed to increase signal enrichment. MRD-EDGESNV uses deep learning and a ctDNA-specific feature space to increase SNV signal-to-noise enrichment in WGS by 300X compared to previous WGS error suppression. MRD-EDGECNV also reduces the degree of aneuploidy needed for ultrasensitive CNV detection through WGS from 1 Gb to 200 Mb, thereby expanding its applicability to a wider range of solid tumors. We harness the improved performance to identify MRD following surgery in multiple cancer types, track changes in tumor burden in response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and demonstrate ctDNA shedding in precancerous colorectal adenomas. Finally, the radical signal-to-noise enrichment in MRD-EDGESNV enables de novo mutation calling in melanoma and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) without matched tumor, yielding clinically informative TF monitoring for patients on immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI).

  Study EGAS00001007545

• Single-cell RNA-sequencing of CD34+ bone marrow cells from patients with SLE, healthy individuals and umbilical cord blood samples

  All immune cells that contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) derive from adult haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) within the bone marrow (BM). We reasoned that the fundamental abnormalities in the disease can be traced back to HSPCs. The aim of this study was to delineate human haematopoietic CD34+ progenitor subpopulations and to identify deregulated pathways in each subpopulation in SLE as compared to healthy controls and umbilical cord blood samples. This study revealed both quantitative-as evidenced by decreased numbers of non-proliferating early progenitors and qualitative differences- characterized by an IFN signature, which is known to drive loss of function and depletion of HSPCs.

  Study EGAS00001007317

• Ancestry and somatic profile predict acral melanoma origin and prognosis – WXS

  Acral melanoma, which is not ultraviolet (UV)-associated, is the most common type of melanoma in several low- and middle-income countries including Mexico. Latin American samples are significantly underrepresented in global cancer genomics studies, which directly affects patients in these regions as it is known that cancer risk and incidence may be influenced by ancestry and environmental exposures. To address this, we characterise the genome and transcriptome of 123 acral melanoma tumours from 92 Mexican patients, a population notable because of its genetic admixture. Compared with other studies of melanoma, we found fewer frequent mutations in classical driver genes such as BRAF, NRAS or NF1. While most patients had predominantly Amerindian genetic ancestry, those with higher European ancestry had increased frequency of BRAF mutations and a lower median number of structural variants. The tumours with activating BRAF mutations have a transcriptional profile more similar to cutaneous non-volar melanocytes, suggesting that acral melanomas in these patients may arise from a distinct cell of origin compared to other tumours arising in these locations. KIT mutations were found in a subset of these tumours, and quadruple wild-type samples (non BRAF/NRAS/NF1/KIT) differed from mutated samples in their structural genomic profile and overall and recurrence-free survival patterns. Transcriptional profiling defined three expression clusters; these characteristics were associated with recurrence-free and overall survival. We highlight potential novel low-frequency drivers, such as PTPRJ, NF2 and RDH5. Our study enhances knowledge of this understudied disease and underscores the importance of including samples from diverse ancestries in cancer genomics studies.

  Dataset EGAD00001015755

• POETIC clinical Trial Ki67 Bookend Breast Cancer Targeted Exome and RNAseq Project

  Using RNAseq, we compare the 15% of poorest responders (PRs, n=177) as measured by proportional Ki67 changes after 2 weeks of neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitors to good responders (GRs, n=190) selected from the top 50% responders in the POETIC trial and matched for baseline Ki67 categories. In the POETIC trial, 4,480 postmenopausal women with primary ER+ BC were randomised 2:1 to receive either treatment with a non-steroidal AI (letrozole or anastrozole) for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after surgery or to no perisurgical treatment. Only AI-treated patients with HER2- tumors, paired baseline and surgery Ki67 available, and baseline Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) >10% (to minimise imprecision in proportional Ki67 falls) were included for selection. Data is baseline RNAseq and targeted exome DNA sequencing analysis of POETIC Good/Poor Responders to aromatase inhibitors based on change in Ki67.

  Dataset EGAD00001010919

• Resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer

  Monoclonal antibodies targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), such as cetuximab and panitumumab, have evolved to important therapeutic options in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, almost all patients with clinical response to anti-EGFR therapies show disease progression within a few months and little is known about mechanism and timing of resistance evolution. Here we performed whole genome sequencing of plasma DNA (plasma-Seq) from patients treated with anti-EGFR therapy. We demonstrate that development of resistance to anti-EGFR therapies is frequently associated with focal amplifications of KRAS, MET, and ERBB2. However, we also show that focal KRAS amplifications can be acquired in tumor genomes of patients under cytotoxic chemotherapy. Furthermore, we provide evidence that specific chromosomal polysomies, such as overrepresentations of 12p and 7p, harboring KRAS and EGFR, respectively, determine responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy. In contrast, employing ultra-sensitive deep sequencing of genes associated with anti-EGFR resistance, such as KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and EGFR, we did not observe the occurrence of novel, acquired mutations. Overall, whole-genome plasma DNA sequencing represents a non-invasive blood-based surrogate measure of changes in tumors. As such, plasma-Seq enables the identification of novel mutant clones and may therefore facilitate early adjustments of therapies that may delay or prevent disease progression.

  Study EGAS00001000582

• Mitochondrial DNA sequencing in samples of Huntington’s disease patients

  Mitochondrial dysfunction is found in the brain and peripheral tissues of Huntington’s disease (HD) patients, which connects many pathological features of HD. In this project, we conducted a large-scale study of mtDNA variations with a sensitive mtDNA-targeted sequencing method called STAMP, at a median coverage of 4000-fold, in lymphoblast and blood samples of HD patients. mtDNA sequence variations and copy numbers were compared between samples from HD patients and healthy control individuals, and were assessed in relation to HD stages, and changes of HD phenotypes in longitudinal samples.

  Study EGAS00001004092

• Response and Resistance to ER-Directed Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer

  Despite the reduction in cancer recurrence and mortality provided by hormonal therapy, estrogen receptor positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains the most common cause of breast cancer death, resulting in more than 20,000 deaths in the U.S each year. Although several therapeutic options exist to target the estrogen receptor, resistance to these therapies invariably occurs. Genetic mechanisms of acquired resistance to targeted therapies in ER+ MBC are not well understood. To address this, we developed a prospective biopsy protocol where multiple research biopsies are collected from metastatic samples and used for pathology, ER/PR/HER2, OncoPanel (a CLIA 300 gene sequencing panel), whole exome sequencing (WES), transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). In some cases, tissue is used for cell line and xenograft generation. Archival primary biopsies are also obtained when possible for parallel genomic studies. Patients are followed and serial metastatic biopsies are obtained. This data will be used to determine the landscape of genomic alterations in treatment-resistant ER+ MBC, and compared to data generated by TCGA for treatment-naive ER+ primary breast cancer. Comparison of genomic studies from resistant, metastatic specimens with corresponding pre-treatment primary samples will allow us to identify genomic association with resistance to specific therapies. Analysis of the serial metastatic biopsies collected over the course of multiple treatments will also shed light on tumor evolution under selective therapeutic pressure.NoteA subset of the MBC blood biopsies that are included in our study can be accessed and downloaded from the phs001977 accession.Another subset of patients in this study participated in a clinical trial (NCT02871791) and have their data deposited in the current study as well.

  Study phs001285

• A Phase 2 Study of Tipifarnib in Large Granular Lymphocyte (LGL) Leukemia

  LGL leukemia can be divided into three subsets including the following: αβ or γδT-LGL and NK-LGL leukemia. All three subtypes will be enrolled using a two-stage design. The primary endpoint of the study is assessment of overall clinical response. Correlative laboratory studies will be performed aimed at determining the mechanism of response to treatment. Thirteen participants will be accrued in the first stage at a dose of 300 mg BID administered intermittently every other week (i.e., 7 days on and 7 days off). If there are two or more responders, the protocol will be extended to a second stage of the study and accrual will be extended to 25 evaluable participants. Allowing for 10% rate of ineligibility due to unexpected events and dropout, we will accrue 14 patients in the first stage and 27 patients in total. Participants that withdraw from the study for reason unrelated to toxicity, will be replaced. There are two potential stopping rules for toxicity. If 3 or more participants out of the 13 enrolled in the first stage experiences grade IV neurotoxicity, the study will be stopped due to excessive toxicity. Dose reductions have been incorporated for hematologic toxicity. Treatment of T and NK LGL leukemia with immunosuppressive agents such as low-dose methotrexate generally require from four to six months for a clinical response and sometimes much longer. Therefore, in participants who show clinical improvement with less than grade three toxicity, tipifarnib treatment will be continued for as many as four additional months (12 months total). After the first 8 months, response will be assessed. The protocol treatment will be discontinued in participants with progression of disease. A long-term follow up will be performed for five years in patients that receive a complete clinical response. The long-term follow up will consist of vital signs, weight, CBCs, serum chemistries, and physical examination at six month intervals.

  Study phs000594

• RNA-seq as a tool for evaluating human embryo competence

  The majority of embryos that are created through IVF do not implant. One possibility for this inefficiency is an incomplete understanding of the molecular factors affecting embryo competence. Currently, the process of selecting an embryo for uterine transfer utilizes an ad-hoc combination of morphological criteria, the kinetics of development, and genetic testing for aneuploidy. However, no single criterion can ensure selection of a viable embryo. In contrast, RNA-sequencing of embryos could yield highly dimensional data, which may provide additional insight and illuminate the discrepancies among current selection criteria. Indeed, recent advances enabling the production of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries from single cells have facilitated the application of this technique to the study of some transcriptional events in early human development. However, these studies have not assessed the quality of their constituent embryos relative to commonly used embryological criteria. Here, we perform proof-of-principle advancement to clinical selection procedures by generating high quality RNA-seq libraries from a trophectoderm biopsy as well as the remaining whole embryo. We combine state-of-the-art embryological methods with low-input RNA-seq to develop the first transcriptome-wide approach for use in future predictive embryology studies. Specifically, we demonstrate the capacity of RNA-seq as a promising tool in preimplantation screening by showing that biopsies of an embryo can capture valuable information content available in the whole embryo from which they are derived. Furthermore, we show that this technique can be used to generate a RNA-based digital karyotype, and to develop a foundational dataset for identifying candidate competence-associated genes. Together, these data establish the foundation for a future RNA-based diagnostic in IVF.

  Study EGAS00001003667

• Single-cell Analysis of Neoplastic Plasma Cells Identifies Novel Myeloma Pathobiology Mediators and Potential Targets

  Newly diagnosed symptomatic and relapsed/refractory myeloma is a clonal plasma cell (PC) dyscrasia that arises from precursors which have been studied utilizing bulk or single-cell (sc) techniques. By combining scRNA-sequencing with scB-cell receptor (BCR)-sequencing, we found more dysregulated genes in monoclonal PCs compared with analyses of the entire CD138+ population, which includes non-neoplastic/polyclonal PCs. Paired tumor and non-tumor WGS was performed to evaluate the presence of IgH-associated translocations and hyperdiploidy events, initially detected by FISH, in a subset of samples included in this study.

  Study EGAS50000000801

• Patterns of transcription factor programs and immune pathway activation define four major subtypes of SCLC with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities

  Despite molecular and clinical heterogeneity, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is treated as a single entity with predictably poor results. Using tumor expression data, we applied non-negative matrix factorization, which identified four SCLC subtypes defined largely by differential expression of transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 or low expression of all three transcription factor signatures accompanied by an Inflamed signature (SCLC-A, N, P and I, respectively). The presence of these subtypes were then validated in tumor gene expression data from the IMpower133 clinical trial.

  Study EGAS00001004888

• Somatic IL4R Hotspot Mutations in Primary Mediastinal Large B-cell lymphoma lead to constitutive JAK-STAT activation

  Primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a distinct subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma thought to arise from thymic medullary B cells. Gene mutations underlying the molecular pathogenesis of the disease are incompletely characterized. Here, we describe novel somatic IL4R mutations in 15 out of 62 primary cases of PMBCL (24.2%) and in all PMBCL-derived cell lines tested. The majority of mutations (11/21; 52%) were hotspot single nucleotide variants in exon 8 leading to an I242N amino acid change in the transmembrane domain. Functional analyses establish this mutation as gain-of-function leading to constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and upregulation of downstream cytokine expression profiles and B cell specific antigens. Moreover, expression of I242N mutant IL4R in a mouse xenotransplantation model conferred growth advantage in vivo. The pattern of concurrent mutations within the JAK-STAT signaling pathway suggests additive/synergistic effects of these gene mutations contributing to lymphomagenesis. Our data establish IL4R mutations as novel driver alterations and provide a strong preclinical rationale for therapeutic targeting of JAK-STAT signaling in PMBCL.

  Study EGAS00001002796

• Patient-derived neuroblastoma model system OHC-NB1

  Accurate disease modeling presents a bottleneck against effective translation of novel neuroblastoma therapies into the clinic. Recently, considerable intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity has been observed in neuroblastoma, which calls for preclinical models that reflect this feature. Flexibility in a testing platform is also desirable to support assessment of different endpoints and tumor cell characteristics. We present the novel neuroblastoma model OHC-NB1, propagated from a bone marrow metastasis from a patient with INRG stage M, MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma at first diagnosis. To model different aspects of the disease, several preclinical models were developed from the bone marrow aspirate: a tissue plastic-adherent cell line, a 3-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture, and cell line-derived xenografts that were subcutaneously passaged in mice. Typical aspects of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, such as MYCN amplification in double minutes, 1p deletion, 17q gain, and a diploid karyotype, are present in OHC-NB1 and persist in all culture types. Whole exome sequencing revealed intra-tumor heterogeneity in the bone marrow metastasis reflected in the culture models. The set of OHC-NB1 cultures with a genetically heterogeneous MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma background provide a flexible preclinical testing system that recapitulates important features of metastatic neuroblastoma.

  Study EGAS00001003031

• The Role of E2F4 in Controlling Resistance to Irinotecan (CPT-11) in Human Colon Cancer

  This study reports the results of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments performed on three isogenic clones of the human HT29 colon cancer cell line, genetically engineered to achieve the selective inactivation of the adenovirus early 2 (E2) gene transcription factor 4 (E2F4) protein, a key functional component of the multimeric transcriptional repression complex known as the dimerization partner (DP), retinoblastoma-like (RB-like), E2F and multi-vulva class B (MuvB) complex (DREAM). In previous studies, we identified E2F4 as a key regulator of colorectal cancer (CRC) resistance to irinotecan (CPT-11), a cytotoxic agent that stands at the backbone of multiple chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of metastatic CRCs. The molecular mechanisms linking E2F4 to irinotecan resistance, however, remain poorly understood. The present study was designed to identify which genes are under the transcriptional control of E2F4, either at baseline or following exposure to SN38 (i.e., the active metabolite of irinotecan, generated in vivo by biotransformation in the liver) in order to clarify the role played by E2F4 in shaping colon cancer resistance to chemotherapy. The cell line used for this study (HT29) is aneuploid and contains three copies of the E2F4 gene, because of a trisomy of chromosome 16, where the E2F4 gene is located (Kawai et al., Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer, 34:1-8, 2002; PMID: 11921276). HT29 cells were infected with lentivirus vectors encoding for CRISPR/Cas9 constructs designed to selectively inactivate the E2F4 gene, using three distinct guide-RNAs (gRNAs), each targeting a different sequence within the proximal exons of the E2F4 gene (exon 1, exon 2). Lentivirus-infected cells were sub-cloned by single-cell fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), based on the differential expression of a fluorescent reporter (EGFP) expressed in tandem with the gRNAs. Isogenic clones (EGFP+) were then screened to identify those with a tri-allelic knock-out, as revealed by both genetic sequencing of the E2F4 gene (revealing the presence of three distinct frameshift mutations) and Western blot (revealing complete loss of E2F4 protein expression). The study includes twelve (n=12) RNA-seq experiments, representative of 3 experimental replicates (i.e., three distinct isogenic clones of the HT29 cell line, each displaying complete loss of E2F4 expression) and 3 negative controls (i.e., three independent preparations of the parent HT29 cell line, infected with a lentivirus vector encoding for a non-targeting gRNA) exposed to 2 distinct in vitro cell culture conditions: a) treatment with SN38 resuspended in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); or b) treatment with DMSO alone (negative control). The in vitro treatment regimen used for SN38 (32 nM, 24 hours) was designed so that the exposure to SN38 experienced in vitro by HT29 cells would mirror the exposure to SN38 experienced in vivo by malignant tissues, as measured, for example, in metastatic CRC patients receiving a standard dose of irinotecan (180 mg/m2) administered by intravenous infusion over 90 minutes (Deyme et al., Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 88:247-258, 2021; PMID: 33912999).

  Study phs003560

• Implementation, Adoption, and Utility of Family History in Diverse Care Settings

  The purpose of this study is to address the key question of whether and how family health history (FHH) is adopted as a tool to more efficiently manage patients at risk for breast, colon, ovarian, and hereditary cancer syndromes as well as thrombophilia and coronary heart disease (CHD) and to provide evidence supporting clinical utility -- improved health behaviors in patients and physician screening recommendations. Five health care delivery organizations will participate in this demonstration project: Duke University, the Medical College of Wisconsin, the Air Force, Essentia Health, University of North Texas. Duke will serve as a coordinating center for this project (Pro00043372) as well as a site. Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures as intermediate clinical effectiveness measures for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and selected cancers as well as survey/formative data and electronic medical record (EMR) data will be used as outcomes measures. The research model is purposely designed to mimic clinical delivery as an important step toward widespread implementation and sustainability. In addition, a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing usual care to the FHH guided preventive health model will be used. The completion of this project will result in an optimal strategy for integration of FHH data collection and clinical decision support (CDS) tools into an EMR and demonstrate the utility of the FHH intervention among diverse primary care patients, their settings, their providers, and the health systems that deliver their care. Specific Aim 1: To optimize the collection of patient entered FHH in diverse clinical environments for coronary heart disease, thrombosis, and selected cancers Specific Aim 2: To export FHH data to an open clinical decision support (open CDS) platform and return CDS results to providers and patients (and to EMRs where relevant). To explore the integration of genetic risk and FHH data at selected sites. Specific Aim 3: To assess the clinical and personal utility of FHH using a pragmatic observational study design to assess reach, adoption, integrity, exposure, and sustainability, and to capture, analyze, and report effectiveness outcomes at each stakeholder level: patient, provider, and clinic/system. Specific Aim 4: To take a leadership role in the dissemination of guidelines for a FHH intervention across in diverse practice settings. AAA Hypertension Lupus Multiple sclerosis Obesity Osteoporosis Thyroid disease Rheumatoid arthritis Blood clotting (6): Blood Clot (high risk features) Factor V PT mutation AT III deficiency Protein S deficiency Protein C deficiency Brain Disorders (5): Dementia Hemorrhagic stroke Ischemic stroke Macrocephaly Seizure Cancer/Adenomas (32): Bone cancer Brain cancer Breast cancer Colon cancer Adrenal cortex tumor Neuroendocrine tumor Paraganglioma Pheochromoctyoma Pituitary adenoma Medullary thyroid cancer Non-medullary (follicular or papillary) thyroid cancer Don't know type of thyroid cancer Thyroid nodule Other type of endocrine cancer Esophageal cancer Kidney cancer Leukemia Lipoma Liver cancer Muscle cancer Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Prostate cancer Rectal cancer Retinoblastoma Melanoma Non-melanoma skin cancer Do not know type of skin cancer Small bowel cancer Stomach cancer Uterine cancer Other type of cancer Cardiovascular/heart/artery disease (5): Atrial fibrillation Carotid stenosis Heart attack/coronary artery disease Peripheral arterial disease Other heart disease Diabetes (3): Gestational diabetes Diabetes type I Diabetes type 2 Digestive Disorders (5): Colon polyp Crohn's disease Irritable bowel syndrome Ulcerative colitis Other digestive disorder Eye Disorder (3): Blindness Glaucoma Macular degeneration Hereditary Cancer Syndromes (22): Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome Cowden syndrome Familial adenomatous polyposis Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome Hereditary melenoma Hereditary papillary renal cancer syndrome Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome Hereditary retinoblastoma Juvenile polyposis Li-Fraumeni syndrome Lynch syndrome Mutyh-associated polyposis Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Tuberous Sclerosis complex Von-Hippel Lindau syndrome Other hereditary cancer Hereditary Cardiovascular syndromes (10): Long qt Brugada Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy Left ventricular non-compaction syndrome Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Marfan syndrome Other hereditary cardiovascular syndrome High cholesterol (2): Hyperlipidemia Familial hypercholesterolemia Kidney Disease (6): Cystic kidney disease Diabetic kidney disease Kidney nephrosis Nephritis Nephrotic syndrome Other kidney disease Liver Disease (6): Alpha 1 antitrypsinase deficiency Auto-immune hepatitis Hereditary hemochromatosis Primary biliary cirrhosis Sclerosing cholangitis Wilson's disease Lung Disease (3): Asthma COPD/chronic bronchitis/emphysema Other lung disease Psychological disorder (14): Addiction ADHD Autism Bipolar Depression Eating disorder Intellectual disability Obsessive compulsive disorder Panic disorder Personality disorder PTSD Schizophrenia Social phobia Sickle cell/thalassemia (3): Sickle cell disease Sickle cell trait Thalassemia

  Study phs001641

• Genome-Wide Association Study of Preterm Birth

  Preterm birth (PTB, born before 37 weeks of gestation) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and post-natal morbidity. PTB affects one in nine all live births in the U.S. Notably, the highest rate of PTB occurs among African Americans (one in six). PTB is a complex trait, likely determined by multiple environmental and genetic factors and their interactions. We demonstrated strong familial aggregation of preterm and low birthweight in the US Blacks and Whites (Wang et al, NEJM, 1995) and conducted the largest candidate gene study of preterm birth at that time (Hao et al, HMG, 2004). We showed that a subset of mothers with certain metabolic gene variants are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on low birthweight and preterm births (Wang et al, JAMA, 2002). We also published a number of papers that examined the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, micronutrient status, stress and environmental toxins on the risk of preterm birth and related conditions. This project, supported by a grant from the NICHD (2R01HD41702, PI, Xiaobin Wang), aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and apply advanced statistical methods to identify susceptibility loci of PTB in a predominantly urban low-income African American sample, a subset of the Boston Birth Cohort. PUBLIC HEALTH REVELANCE: We anticipate that this study will lead to the identification of novel genetic loci of PTB and gene-environment interactions. Such findings not only will provide important insights into mechanisms leading to PTB, but also may help identify women at high-risk of PTB, which in turn, may lead to the development of early and targeted interventions that can prevent PTB or mitigate the severity and consequences of PTB.

  Study phs000332

• Single-cell RNA sequencing of CML patients

  This dataset contains 15 single-cell RNA sequencing samples from 6 CML patients before and after TKI-cessation. The raw data is available as fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD00001012842

• Gene Expression in an African American Schizophrenia Dataset

  Schizophrenia is a common and severe psychotic disorder. While some common SNPs and rare copy number variants have been identified as being significantly associated with disease risk, the biological mechanisms remain largely undefined. To identify gene expression abnormalities in schizophrenia, we generated whole-genome gene expression profiles using RNAseq on lymphoblastoid cell lines from schizophrenia cases and controls of African American ancestry. Genes related to immune processes were enriched in the genes differentially expressed in the schizophrenia cases. Approximately half of the differentially expressed genes in this African American dataset were also differentially expressed by affection status in our previously studied European ancestry dataset (PMID: 28418402).

  Study phs002842

• Evolution of GBM through therapy

  Primary glioblastoma (GBM) tumours recur following treatment. This is likely due to intratumour heterogeneity (ITH), which reduces the effectiveness of cancer therapies by enabling therapy-driven tumour evolution: Darwinian selection of genotypically and/or phenotypically distinct cells (subclones) that resist treatment to seed regrowth of an even less treatable recurrence. To investigate this we sequenced a pilot cohort of nine paired primary and locally recurrent GBM tumours, alongside matched blood samples, in order to begin characterising therapy resistant cells and thereby infer the mechanisms by which they evaded treatment. These data were included in the first data release from the Glioma Longitudinal AnalySiS (GLASS) consortium.

  Study EGAS00001003546

• Exome-wide somatic mutation characterization of small bowel adenocarcinoma

  Small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIA) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer with limited treatment options. To further characterize the somatic mutation landscape of this tumor type, exome sequencing was conducted on a population-based set of SIA samples from all three parts of the small intestine. Archival tissue from 106 tumors with comprehensive clinical patient information entered exome sequencing from a patient series consisting of SIA cases diagnosed in Finland between the years 2003-2011. Paired-end exome sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq 4000, and OncodriveFML was used to identify significantly mutated genes from the exome data. Also mutational signature and pathway enrichment analyses were performed.

  Study EGAS00001002559

• Whole-exome sequencing of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tumors with matched normal tissue from the Medical Center – University of Freiburg

  This dataset contains raw whole-exome sequencing data from 40 samples of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients, including tumor and matched normal tissue. Samples were sequenced on the NovaSeq platform. The cohort is part of a proteogenomic profiling study integrating genomic and proteomic data.

  Dataset EGAD50000001926

• Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis of HIV-1 Viral Burden in HIV-1 Infected Subjects: Response to Antiretroviral Therapy

  The purpose of this study is to provide a reference profile of small extracellular RNAs in body fluids. These samples were originally obtained in a study that had a different purpose. The purpose of the original study was to collect information on the changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) related to HIV infection, including the viral burden (amount of virus) and the body responses of the infected individual, such as the number and types of lymphocytes in the CSF. In addition to looking at the number and types of lymphocytes in the CSF, this original study also examined the presence of markers of inflammation and other chemical changes, and the relationship of those changes to nervous system dysfunction in AIDS.

  Study phs001694

• SNP Array data for: Three-dimensional patient-derived models of glioblastoma retain intra-tumoral heterogeneity

  4 sets of matched patient-derived-organoids (PDOs),  -neurospheres (PDNs), and parent glioblastoma tissue (12 samples total) underwent SNP array analysis. 200ng of each sample DNA extracted via a commercial kit (Qiagen) and loaded onto the Global Screening Array v2.0 array. Data is provided as raw red and green .idat files.

  Dataset EGAD00010002744

• Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Molecular Subtypes Predict Differential Response to Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

  The recommended treatment for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) is tumor resection followed by adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) bladder instillations. However, only 50% of patients benefit from this therapy. In case of progression to advanced disease, patients must undergo a radical cystectomy with significant morbidity and have a poor clinical outcome. Identifying tumors least likely to respond to BCG can translate into alternative treatments, such as early radical cystectomy or novel targeted or immunotherapies. Here we present molecular profiling of 132 BCG-naive, HR-NMIBC patients, and 44 post-BCG recurrences (34 matched), which uncovered three distinct BCG Response Subtypes (BRS1-3). Patients with BRS3 tumors have reduced recurrence and progression-free survival compared to BRS1-2. BRS3 tumors expressed high EMT-basal markers and had an immunosuppresive profile, which was confirmed with spatial proteomics. Tumors which recurred post-BCG were enriched for BRS3. BRS stratification was validated in a second cohort of 151 BCG-naive HR-NMIBC patients and the molecular subtypes outperformed guideline recommended risk stratification based on clinicopathological variables. For clinical application, we validated that a commercially approved assay was able to accurately predict BRS3 tumors (AUROC 0.86). Our findings provide a potential clinical tool for improved identification of HR-NMIBC patients at the highest risk of progression, which can be used to select patients for early radical cystectomy or novel subtype-directed therapies.

  Study EGAS00001006879

• Resilience and Susceptibility Patterns in the Viral Immune Response Using RNA-Seq (ReSP VIRUS Study)

  This is a cross sectional study to investigate the relationship between nasal mucosa gene expression and clinical outcomes in infants with critical Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection. We collected nasal mucosa samples from infants admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with polymerase chain reaction confirmed RSV bronchiolitis. Samples were obtained by mucosal scrape biopsy of the inferior turbinate using a sterile plastic curette and bulk RNA-sequencing of mRNA was performed. Clinical data was extracted from the electronic health record including: demographics, medical history, duration of symptoms, time from admission to sample collection, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and type and duration of respiratory support.

  Study phs003053

• Feasibility Study to Identify the Optimal Adjuvant Combination Scheme of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab (OpACIN) in resectable stage III melanoma patients

  OpACIN is a feasibility study including 20 patients with palpable stage III melanoma that were 1:1 randomized to receive ipilimumab 3mg/kg and nivolumab 1mg/kg, either 4 courses after surgery (adjuvant arm), or 2 courses prior to surgery and 2 courses post-surgery (neoadjuvant arm). WES and RNA-seq was performed on baseline biopsy material and correlated with outcome of the patients (relapse free survival). TCRseq from baseline tumor samples was used to analyse the top 100 tumor resident clones and analyse their change in PBMC comparing baseline versus week 6 of immunotherapy.

  Study EGAS00001003099

• Whole genome sequencing and mutation rate analysis of Vietnamese trios with paternal dioxin exposure

  2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or dioxin, is commonly considered the most toxic man-made substance, and from 1962 to 1971, more than 19 million gallons of Agent Orange (AO) and other toxic chemicals contaminated with dioxin were sprayed in South of Vietnam. Dioxin exposure impacts human health and diseases, and birth defects and teratogenesis were frequently observed in children of persons who have been exposed to dioxin in Vietnam. However, the impact of dioxin on human mutation rate has not yet been analyzed. To identify and characterize the genetic alterations in the individuals exposed to dioxin, we perfomed whole genome sequencing of nine Vietnamese trios whose fathers were exposed to dioxin.

  Study JGAS000137

• Drug Signatures for Prediction and Mitigation of Toxicity

  The overall goal of the drug signatures for prediction and mitigation of toxicity study is to use genomic and proteomic high-throughput measurements as the basis for computational analysis that integrates network analyses with structural constraints and dynamical models in multiple cell types to identify signatures that predict toxicity induced by 55 FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs and potential mitigation of this toxicity. Specifically, we have recruited and pre-screened healthy individuals to be included in our study. Ninety six male and female individuals that satisfied the initial pre-screening for the study and their sex, age, race/ethnicity recorded through an enrollment questionnaire were consented. Eighty five underwent a formal and thorough medical health screening. The evaluation involved assessment of all inclusion and exclusion criteria, a full medical history, measurement of weight, height, waist and hip circumference, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, a physical exam and an electrocardiograph (ECG). Blood was drawn for analysis of clinical relevant parameters. A pregnancy test was included for female participants. All blood draws and pregnancy tests were sent to a certified clinical laboratory for clinical analysis. Of the 85 subjects that were screened 42 (48.3%) were deemed eligible for final inclusion. Of these 42, one declined to undergo skin biopsy and/or venesection and one subject didn’t show up for the scheduled biopsy, leaving 40 clinically healthy subjects on which a skin biopsy and venesection was performed. Fibroblast lines were established from the skin biopsies. Induced pluripotent cells (iPSC) were generated from the established fibroblast lines of these 40 clinically healthy racially diverse male and female study participants who ranged in age from 22 and 61 years through reprogramming using either the mRNA or Sendai-virus methods. One clone from each of the 40 iPSC line was fully characterized for normal karyotype, short-tandem repeat matching to the original fibroblast line (authentication), pluripotency by select pluripotent marker expression via immunocytochemistry and by mRNAseq-based PluriTest analysis, and whole-genome sequencing.

  Study phs002088

• HSC_population_dynamics___KX004_samples___WGS

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001003768

• HSC_population_dynamics___CB002_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001003743

• HSC_population_dynamics___KX007_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001004193

• HSC_population_dynamics___KX008_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001004490

• HSC_population_dynamics_KSP_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001002762

• HSC_population_dynamics_CBD_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001003091

• HSC_population_dynamics___KX003_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001003550

• HSC_population_dynamics___TG001_2_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001003688

• HSC_population_dynamics___LEUK4_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001004247

• HSC_population_dynamics___PX001_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001004146

• HSC_population_dynamics___KX009_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001004580

• HSC_population_dynamics___KX010_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001004581

• HSC_population_dynamics___CB001_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001003397

• RNA sequencing in primary inflammatory (TPP) macrophages treated with a MEK1/2 inhibitor

  By investigating an intergenic haplotype on chr21q22, independently linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ankylosing spondylitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and Takayasu’s arteritis, we discover that the causal gene, ETS2, is a master regulator of inflammatory responses in human macrophages and delineate how the risk haplotype increases ETS2 expression. Using a database of cellular signatures, we identified drugs that could modulate this pathway. To validate the anti-inflammatory activity of one class of small molecules in vitro, we treated TPP macrophages with vehicle control or a selective, non-ATP competitive MEK inhibitor (PD-0325901) at 2 doses (100nM and 500nM) and performed RNA sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001007552

• RNA sequencing in blood samples of cluster headache patients

  Cluster headache is a relatively rare headache disorder, typically characterized by multiple daily, short-lasting attacks of excruciating, unilateral (peri-)orbital or temporal pain associated with autonomic symptoms and restlessness. To better understand the pathophysiology of cluster headache, we used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways in whole blood of patients with episodic (n = 19) or chronic (n = 20) cluster headache in comparison with headache-free controls (n = 20). Blood samples were subjected to globin reduction before sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001001918

• Addiction of Primary Cutaneous Gamma-Delta T-cell Lymphomas to JAK-STAT Signaling

  Primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma (PCGDTL) is a mature T-cell lymphoma (TCL) of the skin with a median survival of 31 months and no effective therapies. PCGDTLs frequently possess mutations in the JAK/STAT pathway, including in JAK1, JAK3, STAT3, STAT5B, and SOCS1. We hypothesized that single-agent JAK inhibition may be effective in PCGDTLs, particularly those with targetable JAK/STAT pathway mutations. Herein, we demonstrate the near-complete response of two PCGDTL cases to single-agent JAK inhibitors, ruxolitinib or cerdulatinib. However, both patients eventually relapsed with acquired mutations in JAK1, JAK3, or STAT5B.

  Study phs003837

• RNAseq of primary mesothelioma cell lines

  Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer associated with previous exposure to asbestos and dismal prognosis. Since a pemetrexed/cisplatin combination was introduced for treatment of mesothelioma, no new first- or second-line therapies have been discovered. Thus, to better understand what drives mesothelioma carcinogenesis and to identify potential targets for therapy, in this project we aim at performing RNAseq analysis of a panel of mesothelioma cells lines.

  Dataset EGAD00001010924

• The Role of CDX2 in Controlling ABCB1 Expression and Chemosensitivity in Human Colon Cancer

  This study reports the results of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments performed on two human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, DLD-1) that were genetically engineered to achieve either the constitutive expression (in HT-29 cells) or the selective inactivation (in DLD-1 cells) of the transcription factor CDX2, a master regulator of embryonic gut development and a key regulator of multi-lineage differentiation in adult colon epithelial cells. Our previous studies had identified lack of CDX2 expression as a prognostic biomarker of poor prognosis and a predictive biomarker of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in Stage-II and Stage-III colon cancer patients (Dalerba et al., NEJM, 374:211-222, 2016; PMID: 26789870). The molecular basis of these associations, however, remained poorly understood. The present study was designed to identify which genes are under the transcriptional control of CDX2, in order to clarify their role in shaping colon cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Of the two lines included in this study, the first (HT-29) is CDX2-negative at baseline, and was infected with a lentivirus vector encoding for the cDNA of the human CDX2 gene under the control of a constitutive promoter (CMV). The second line (DLD-1) is CDX2-positive at baseline, and was infected with a series of lentivirus vectors encoding for CRISPR/Cas9 constructs designed to selectively inactivate the CDX2 gene. In both cases, infected cells were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), based on the differential expression of a green fluorescent reporter (EGFP) that was also encoded by the lentivirus vectors, and transcribed in tandem with either the CDX2 cDNA (HT-29) or CRISPR/Cas9 gRNAs targeting CDX2 (DLD-1). The experiments were designed to include 3 experimental replicates per condition, and to compare the transcriptional profile of genetically engineered cells with that of autologous controls (i.e., HT-29 cells infected with an "empty" version of the same lentivirus vector used to over-express CDX2, DLD-1 cells engineered with a "non-targeting" CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA). In the specific case of DLD-1 cells engineered with CRIPSR-Cas9 constructs targeting CDX2, infected cells were sorted based on the differential expression of EGFP and then plated as single-cells, in order to sub-culture three isogenic clones, all of which were genetically sequenced to confirm bi-allelic knock-out of the CDX2 gene, and confirmed to lack CDX2 protein expression by Western blot. The results of our experiments demonstrate that, in human colon epithelial cells, CDX2 controls the expression of the ABCB1 efflux pump, by positively regulating the transcription of the corresponding gene.

  Study phs002903

• Genetic Analysis of Syndromic Orofacial Clefting

  The goal of this study is to identify previously unknown genetic causes of human syndromic cleft lip/palate by using genome sequencing. Many previous studies have shown that isolated cleft lip and/or palate are not often likely to be monogenic or Mendelian diseases. We hope that by focusing on syndromic presentations, we will find novel causes of disorders which include orofacial clefting among their phenotype(s). Data provided will be fastq files from sequencing partners.

  Study phs002997

• Profiling of 27 type 2 diabetes GWAS loci using next-generation (NG) capture C in a human beta-cell model

  Most type 2 diabetes association signals are due to variants that impact gene regulation but identifying the genes they impact is challenging. We generated interaction profiles at 27 T2D GWAS loci using next-generation (NG) capture C in a human beta-cell model ( EndoC-betaH1) and contrasted our maps with public Hi-C/promoter capture Hi-C maps in EndoC-betaH1 cells or human islets.

  Study EGAS00001006105

• CLUSTER Consortium RNAseq CD19 Dataset of pre-methotrexate UK JIA patients cohort

  This is the RNAseq CD19 dataset (paired FASTQ files, n = 83 paired files) generated from pre-methotrexate treatment JIA patients cohort samples. CD19 cells were sorted from isolated total PBMC by cell sorter (BD FACSAriaTM III, BD Biosciences). Clinical metadata is also included in this dataset. Samples were sequenced on the NovaSeq6000 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, US) at 300pM, using a 100bp paired read run with corresponding 8bp dual sample index and 5bp or 8bp unique molecular index reads. Run data were demultiplexed and converted to FASTQ files using Illumina’s BCL Convert Software v3.75.

  Dataset EGAD50000001459

• CLUSTER Consortium RNAseq CD14 Dataset of pre-methotrexate UK JIA patients cohort

  This is the RNAseq CD14 dataset (paired FASTQ files, n = 80 paired files) generated from pre-methotrexate treatment JIA patients cohort samples. CD14 cells were sorted from isolated total PBMC by cell sorter (BD FACSAriaTM III, BD Biosciences). Clinical metadata is also included in this dataset. Samples were sequenced on the NovaSeq6000 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, US) at 300pM, using a 100bp paired read run with corresponding 8bp dual sample index and 5bp or 8bp unique molecular index reads. Run data were demultiplexed and converted to FASTQ files using Illumina’s BCL Convert Software v3.75.

  Dataset EGAD50000001458

• CLUSTER Consortium RNAseq CD8 Dataset of pre-methotrexate UK JIA patients cohort

  This is the RNAseq CD8 dataset (paired FASTQ files, n = 85 paired files) generated from pre-methotrexate treatment JIA patients cohort samples. CD8 cells were sorted from isolated total PBMC by cell sorter (BD FACSAriaTM III, BD Biosciences). Clinical metadata is also included in this dataset. Samples were sequenced on the NovaSeq6000 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, US) at 300pM, using a 100bp paired read run with corresponding 8bp dual sample index and 5bp or 8bp unique molecular index reads. Run data were demultiplexed and converted to FASTQ files using Illumina’s BCL Convert Software v3.75.

  Dataset EGAD50000001456

• CLUSTER Consortium RNAseq CD4 Dataset of pre-methotrexate UK JIA patients cohort

  This is the RNAseq CD4 dataset (paired FASTQ files, n = 86 paired files) generated from pre-methotrexate treatment JIA patients cohort samples. CD4 cells were sorted from isolated total PBMC by cell sorter (BD FACSAriaTM III, BD Biosciences). Clinical metadata is also included in this dataset. Samples were sequenced on the NovaSeq6000 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, US) at 300pM, using a 100bp paired read run with corresponding 8bp dual sample index and 5bp or 8bp unique molecular index reads. Run data were demultiplexed and converted to FASTQ files using Illumina’s BCL Convert Software v3.75.

  Dataset EGAD50000001455

• Single-cell RNA sequencing of human kidney transplant nephrectomies with chronic rejection or non-alloimmune graft injury

  This dataset contains raw single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for five new kidney allograft nephrectomy samples used to construct the described in the following study: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514222v2.full. The full description of processing is described in the manuscript. Briefly, samples were digested into a single cell suspension and run according to the 10X Genomics Chromium 5’ single cell kit (v2). Sequencing was performed using an Illumina Novaseq instrument. Samples were designated as TXN2 (EGAN00002519570, mycotic pseudoaneurysm, control dataset), TXN3 (EGAN00002235628, renal vein thrombus, control dataset), TXN5 (EGAN00002519573, chronic transplant rejection), TXN6 (EGAN00002519572, chronic pyelonephritis and renal artery stenosis, non-alloimmune graft injury dataset), TXN7 (EGAN00002519576, recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, non-alloimmune graft injury dataset).

  Dataset EGAD00001015631