16758 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

in 42.34 milliseconds.

• Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Clonal Evolution Induced by HPV Integration

  The human papillomavirus (HPV) genome is integrated into host DNA in most HPV-positive cancers, but the consequences for chromosomal integrity are unknown. We used continuous long-read sequencing of oropharyngeal cancers and cervical cancer cell lines to resolve structural variation induced by HPV. We discovered a previously undescribed form of structural variation, "heterocateny," characterized by diverse, interrelated, and repetitive patterns of concatemerized virus and host DNA segments within a cancer.

  Study phs003396

• Research for genetic causes and mechanisms of Hirschsprung's or Hirschsprung's related diseases

  Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is an abdomen disorder which is caused by absence of enteric neurons. HD is a complex genetic disorder and several causing gene mutations have been identified including the receptor tyrosine kinase gene. However, the whole mechanism of HD remains unknown and additional genetic causalities are implicated. To further investigate the genetic causalities of HD, we conducted whole-exome sequencing of patients with HD and unaffected patient's families.

  Study JGAS000007

• Research for drug discovery and elucidation of pathophysiology using disease-specific iPS cells

  We investigated roles of KRAS on stemness maintenance and differentiation propensity in the context of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using isogenic KRAS mutant (G13C/WT) and wild-type (WT/WT) iPSCs from the same RAS-associated autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-like disease (RALD) patients. Exome-seq analysis was conducted to compare gene profiles of WT/WT and G13C/WT iPS cells. We have not found any differences of gene mutation in the two genotypes.

  Study JGAS000136

• Whole-exome sequencing of MDS and related myeloid neoplasms

  Myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS) and related myeloid neoplasms (myelodysplasia) are heterogenous group of myeloid neoplasms characterized by deregulated blood cell production with evidence of myeloid dysplasia. Previously, frequent mutations in genes on RNA splicing machinery and DNA methylation pathway have been identified. However, comprehensive analysis of genetic alterations have not performed on a large cohort of these diseases. Therefore, in this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing of MDS and related myeloid neoplasms.

  Study JGAS000023

• Integrated targeted deep sequencing reveals unique tissue-of-origin and donor cell-free DNA signatures in transplant recipients

  We have developed a targeted deep methylation sequencing assay that integrates cell-free DNA (cfDNA) tissue-of-origin analysis with donor-derived cfDNA quantification to non-invasively monitor transplant health. In this study, liver and kidney transplant recipients were assessed in conjunction with healthy controls to characterize the dynamic patterns of cfDNA release and clearance, and to identify distinct tissue injury signatures throughout the transplant journey.

  Study EGAS50000000987

• Identification of mutations and structural rearrangements in plasma DNA form metastatic prostate cancer patients

  In this study we analysed patients with metastatic prostate cancer to scan their tumor genomes noninvasively in plasma DNA. We enriched 1.3 Mbp of seven plasma DNAs (4 CRPC cases: CRPC1-3 and CRPC5; 3 CSPC cases: CSPC1-2 and CSPC4) including exonic sequences of 55 cancer genes and 38 introns of 18 genes, where fusion breakpoints have been described using Sure Select Custom DNA Kit.

  Study EGAS00001000453

• Cell-free DNA methylome and fragmentome analysis for disease relapse monitoring in patients with Ewing Sarcoma

  We conducted whole-genome and methylome sequencing of cfDNA from 87 serial samples of 23 patients with EwS and 3 patients with CIC-rearranged sarcoma (CIC). With EwingSign, a new machine learning model, we identified EwS or CIC in a test set for 11 out of 16 patients at diagnosis and 15 out of 18 clinically confirmed relapse events. 0 out of 24 non-cancer controls were detected positive with EwingSign.

  Study EGAS50000001415

• The complex SNP and CNV genetic architecture of the increased risk of congenital heart defects in Down syndrome

  Here we aimed to contribute to the description of the genetic architecture of Congenital heart defect (CHD) in Down syndrome (DS), and report the results of a genome-wide association study using samples from DS individuals with and without CHD. CHD is a common developmental defect of DS occurring in 40% of cases. This case-control GWAS includes 187 DS with CHD as cases, and 151 DS without CHD as controls.

  Study EGAS00000000129

• Rare Germline Variants in CDKN2A-Negative Children and Adolescents with Cutaneous Melanoma

  Cutaneous melanoma is a complex disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Inherited susceptibility plays a significant role, involving a combination of high-, intermediate-, and low-penetrance genes. Melanoma in children and adolescents has been speculated to have a stronger genetic component due to the early onset. This study investigates germline variants in early-onset melanoma through exome sequencing of 154 patients in Australia diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma before the age of 20.

  Study EGAS50000001311

• Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneal metastases from patients with colorectal cancer

  The data published here contains single-cell RNA- sequencing (scRNAseq) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), peritoneal fluid (PF), and peritoneal metastases (PM). PBMC, PF and, where possible, PM was acquired from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and subjected to 3' scRNAseq using the 10X Genomics (Chromium Single Cell 3’ Reagent). Sequencing was performed in a paired-ended fashion on either the HiSeq4000 or the NovaSeq6000.

  Study EGAS50000000173

• Single cell and spatial transcriptomics of adult human adrenal glands

  Adrenal glands are endocrine organs secreting a variety of hormones, known to undergo tissue remodelling through constant cellular turnover. Here we employed single cell and spatial transcriptomics to investigate thoroughly adult human adrenals from 14 individuals with a focus on adrenocortical cell types and cell states. By including both male and female tissue donors of various ages, we extended the study to sexual dimorphic features of the adult gland.

  Study EGAS50000000269

• Profiling the genomic landscape and evolutionary history of polyploid giant cancer cells in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas

  In this study, we characterise PGCCs in ten pleomorphic sarcomas and use topographic single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) to investigate their genomic landscape. We selected PGCCs based on their nuclear morphology, including mononucleated or multinucleated bizarre, misshapen nuclei, and analysed them at single-cell resolution. Histopathological analysis showed that PGCCs were often randomly distributed throughout the tumour and did not appear in clusters, suggesting that they arise de novo rather than through clonal expansion. scDNA-seq revealed that PGCCs originate from the dominant tumour population and exhibit extensive copy number heterogeneity, either due to subsequent or ongoing chromosomal instability. Both clonal and subclonal chromothripsis-like events were identified in PGCCs, indicating that chromothripsis is a key driver of heterogeneity in these cells and is linked to multinucleation rather than mononuclear PGCC formation.

  Dataset EGAD50000002084

• Indonesian Microbiome Ecology and Evolution v1 (raw data)

  This dataset comprises 124 human faecal samples collected across Indonesia between 2015 and 2021, together with 6 controls. It was collected to study patterns of human microbiome variation across Indonesia’s diverse geography and lifestyles, and to generate the Indonesian Microbiome Ecology and Evolution (IndoMEE) metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) reference database. The dataset consists of 250 bp paired-end metagenomic reads from 124 faecal samples acquired from 116 individuals, at ca. 10.6 Gb / sample, together with 2 positive controls (ZymoBIOMICS Microbial Community DNA Standard by Zymo Research Cat# D6305), and 4 negative controls (for sampling: Blank, for extraction: Buffer EB by Qiagen Cat# 19086, for library prep: Nuclease Free Water by Ambion-Invitrogen Cat# AM9937). Library preparation was carried out using Illumina's TruSeq DNA Nano DNA kit, and sequencing was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform.

  Dataset EGAD50000001399

• WES Breast Patient-derived Tumor Organoid

  This dataset includes 18 Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) samples from 5 subjects. WES is performed on a matched pair of case/control samples, e.g., tumor/control or organoid/control. For each patient, the same control sample is used for the analysis of tumor and organoid samples. The sample name structure identifies the type of sample: <subjectId>_[TON][12]_[Case|Ctrl]_EX2; where T, O, and N refer to Tumor tissue, Organoid, and control sample, respectively. The number 1 or 2 refers to the specific tissue, and Case and Ctrl indicate a tumor tissue (or organoid) and a control sample, respectively. For example, ICSBCS007_T1_Case_EX2 is the first tumor tissue of subject ICSBCS007; ICSBCS007_O1_Case_EX2 is the tumor organoid derived from that tumor sample, and ICSBCS007_N1_Ctrl_EX2 is the matching control sample. More information can be found in the sample information table.

  Dataset EGAD50000000961

• Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of cancer of unknown primary tumours

  Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of cancer of unknown primary tumours was used to determine yield of clinical biomarkers for a molecular guided trial or for resolving cancer type of origin. This study includes profiling of germline DNA and tumour DNA and RNA by whole genome and transcriptome sequencing. All samples are in BAM format aligned with GRCh38 reference genome. This dataset includes: 1. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 78 cancer of unknown primary tumour samples and 73 matched germline DNA. 2. Whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) of 69 cancer of unknown primary tumour samples (matched to WGS cases) 3. Whole genome sequencing of 22 cell-free DNA samples from cancer of unknown primary patients and matched Germaine DNA(8 samples matched to tumour WGS)

  Dataset EGAD50000000656

• Single-Nuclei RNA Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics of Human Heart Right Atrial Appendage and Pericardial Fluid in Cardiovascular Disease

  This dataset includes single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics data from biopsies of the right atrial appendage and pericardial fluid, collected during open-heart surgeries. The samples represent various clinical contexts, including control, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. For each biopsy, nuclei were isolated, and RNA sequencing libraries were prepared using the 10x Genomics Chromium v3 platform. Additionally, spatial transcriptomics was performed on the heart samples. The dataset provides raw sequencing data, which includes fastq files generated from these libraries, offering valuable insights into the cellular composition of heart tissues and associated fluids across different disease states.

  Dataset EGAD50000000927

• Flexible and rapid validation of structural variants using adaptive sampling

  The goal of the study is to confirm and further characterize structural variants and complex genomic rearrangements using adaptive sampling with Oxford Nanopore Sequencing. Individuals with known structural variants were included in the study and the known rearrangement regions were targeted in the sequencing experiments. In addition to long-read coverage over the targeted regions (around 25X coverage), the rest of the genome is covered by short off-target reads (around 5X coverage).

  Study EGAS50000001279

• Policy Documentation

  Policy Documentation The following policy documentation is required to be prepared and submitted to the EGA, together with your data files and associated metadata. Data Access Agreement (DAA) The Data Access Agreement is a contract made between Data User and Data Access Committee. The agreement should be drafted by the DAC and includes, but is not limited to, details of data use, publication embargoes and storage. Completion of a DAA by the applicant/s should form part of the application process to the DAC. NOTICE The data access agreement template below is provided for guidance only and should be adapted as you see fit to suit your own purpose. In the interest of promoting data sharing, we suggest that if an agreement cannot be met around clause 19 in this example that both parties should agree to remain silent, and that the clause should be removed from the agreement. Example DAA template Alternate (harmonised) DAA template

  Documentation access/data-access-committee/policy-documentation

• Genome-wide genotyping data and exome sequencing of 100 European-descent and 100 African-descent Belgians used in the EGAS00001001895 study

  We recruited 100 healthy, male donors of self-reported European descent (EUB) and 100 of self-reported African descent (AFB) (Ghent, Belgium). For each participant, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood on Ficoll-Paque density gradients. Monocytes were then positively selected with magnetic CD14 microbeads and exposed for 6 hours to different ligands activating TLR4 (LPS), TLR1/2 (Pam3CSK4), TLR7/8 (R848) and to a human seasonal influenza A virus (IAV). High-quality RNA was obtained from unstimulated and stimulated monocytes for 970 of the 1000 samples (200 x 5 conditions), and was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2000. On average, 34 million 101-bp single-end reads were obtained per sample.

  Dataset EGAD00001002714

• Combinatorial CRISPR screen identifies fitness effects of paralogues FAM50A and FAM50B

  Genetic redundancy has evolved as a way for human cells to survive the loss of genes that are single copy and essential in other organisms, but also allows tumours to survive despite having highly rearranged genomes. In this study we CRISPR screen 1,191 gene pairs, including paralogues and known and predicted synthetic lethal interactions to identify 105 gene combinations whose co-disruption results in a loss of cellular fitness. 27 pairs influence fitness across multiple cell lines including the paralogues FAM50A/FAM50B, two genes of unknown function. Silencing of FAM50B occurs across a range of tumour types and in this context disruption of FAM50A reduces cellular fitness whilst promoting micronucleus formation and extensive perturbation of transcriptional programmes. This dataset includes CRISPR screening of cancer cell lines, RNA sequencing studies of cancer cell lines and also data from the sequencing of tumour xenografts collected from mice.

  Dataset EGAD00001006648

• Sequencing of heritable Bleeding and Platelet Disorders

  The BRIDGE-BPD study aims to discover new causal genes for Bleeding and Platelet Disorders (BPD) by high throughput sequencing using cluster analyses based on improved and standardized deep phenotyping of cases. BPD is one of the 13 Rare Disease projects under the NIHR BioResource Rare Diseases BRIDGE consortium, which is a collaboration aiming to discover the genetic sequence variants underlying unresolved inherited disorders and to improve identification of already identified high penetrance variants.

  Study EGAS00001001172

• Detection of clinically relevant genetic and transcriptomic landscape in DLBCL uniformly treated by R-CHOP

  Recent studies using next-generation sequencing strategies have described the landscape of genetic alterations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, little is known about the clinical relevance of recurrent mutations and copy number alterations and their transcriptional footprints. This study examines the frequency, interaction and clinical impact of recurrent genetic aberrations in DLBCL using high-resolution technologies in a large population-based cohort.

  Study EGAS00001002657

• RNA-seq data from the EUROBATS Project in four tissues: Fat, LCL, Skin and whole Blood.

  EUROBATS consists of RNA-seq data for female twins in lisphoblastoide cell lines (LCL), abdominal adipose tissue (Fat), abdominal skin tissue (Skin) and whole blood (Blood). The samples are a combination of MZ twins, DZ twins and singletons. The goal of the project is to find biomarkers related with the ageing process and cellular senescence.

  Study EGAS00001000805

• HipSci HumanHT 12 Expression BeadChip analysis - Usher syndrome and congenital eye defects

  The HipSci project brings together diverse constituents in genomics, proteomics, cell biology and clinical genetics to create a UK national iPS cell resource and use it to carry out cellular genetic studies. In this sub-study we performed Expression analysis using the Illumina HumanHT -12 Expression BeadChip on iPS cells generated from skin biopsies or blood samples from rare disease patients diagnosed with Usher syndrome and congenital eye defects.

  Study EGAS00001002023

• DNA methylation repeatability in the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936.

  The repeatability of longitudinal measures of whole blood DNA methylation (obtained using the Illumina 450k chip) was assessed in two cohorts of ageing. The Lothian Birth Cohort of 1921 and the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936. Data were collected at ages 70, 73, and 76 (LBC1936) and 79, 87, 90 (LBC1921) with 478 participants having two or more measures of methylation.

  Study EGAS00001000910

• Multi-omics profiling of paired primary and recurrent glioblastoma patient tissues

  Despite maximal therapy with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients have a median survival of only 15 months. Almost all patients inevitably experience symptomatic tumor recurrence. A hallmark of this tumor type is the large heterogeneity between patients and within tumors itself which relate to failure of standardized tumor treatment. In this study, tissue samples of paired primary and recurrent GBM tumors were investigated to identify individual factors related to tumor progression.

  Study EGAS00001004345

• Integration of genomics and metabolomics in acute myeloid leukemia

  Although targeting of cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic strategy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), metabolic dependencies are largely unexplored. We aimed to classify AML patients based on their metabolic landscape and map connections between metabolic and genomic profiles. The intracellular metabolome distinguished three AML clusters, correlating with distinct genomic profiles: NPM1-mutated(mut), chromatin/spliceosome-mut and TP53-mut/aneuploid AML that were confirmed by biofluid analysis.

  Study EGAS00001005422

• RRBS data from TRACERx non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours and matched normal adjacent tissue.

  TRACERx (TRAcking Cancer Evolution through therapy (Rx)) is a prospective cohort study designed to investigate intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in relation to clinical outcome, and to determine the clonal nature of driver events and evolutionary processes in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study looks at multi-region RRBS data from the TRACERx cohort selected for quantity of material available and high tumour purity

  Study EGAS00001006523

• GWAS on covid-19 severity and susceptibility in the province of Bergamo, Italy

  This is a case-control GWAS that involved the voluntary recruitment of inhabitants of the Bergamo province via an online questionnaire. We collected detailed clinical data and verified all information through personal interviews. Cases (severe COVID-19; G1) and controls (mild or asymptomatic COVID-19, G2; non-infected, G3) were matched by age, sex and risk factors

  Study EGAS00001007310

• RNA sequencing data of in vitro differentiated megakaryocyte cells transduced with E527K and WT SRC

  RNA sequencing data of in vitro differentiated megakaryocyte cells transduced with E527K and WT SRC. CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were isolated from healthy controls before transduction with WT-SRC and E527K-SRC lentiviral vectors in triplicate and differentiation to MK. Three replicates each of two pools were generated for both WT and E527K SRC transduced cells, resulting in 3 WT pool 1 samples, 3 WT pool 2 samples, 3 E527K pool 1 samples and 3 E527K pool 2 samples for a total of 12 samples. RNA was extracted and sequenced with following parameters: Platform: Illumina HiSeq4000, Library Prep Kit: TruSeq stranded mRNA, Sequencing Kit: Illumina HiSeq4000 100 cycles (76-8-8-7), Fragments: single end / fr-firststrand.

  Dataset EGAD00001008356

• Single nuclei sequencing of early, late-term, and early-onset pre-eclamptic decidua and villi.

  Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, of which the multisystem syndrome pre-eclampsia is the most severe, leading to preterm delivery, maternal mortality, and life-long complications. To elucidate early disease dynamics, we present the first spatio-temporal study comparing single-nuclei transcriptomes of human preterm pre-eclamptic placentae and healthy controls, contextualizing this in a comprehensive study including early and late gestational placentae. This study includes early placentae samples from the fetal part (villi; n=10), maternal part (Decidua; n=3), late placentae samples from healthy pregnancies, villi (n=6), decidua (n=4), and late placentae samples from early-onset preeclamptic pregnancies, villi (n=5) and decidua (n=5).

  Dataset EGAD00001008273

• GCAT Hereditary Cancer Panel Sequencing Dataset

  This dataset comprises targeted sequencing data from 191 participants of the GCAT cohort generated using the I2HCP custom hereditary cancer panel. The panel is based on a custom bait library covering 122 genes associated with hereditary cancer syndromes, including genes related to hereditary colorectal cancer, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, neurofibromatosis, and related disorders. Target enrichment was performed using a clinically validated design optimized for diagnostic accuracy. The panel and associated bioinformatic pipeline were previously validated, achieving analytical sensitivity and specificity greater than 99%. Sequencing data were processed using standardized alignment and variant calling procedures against the human reference genome. The dataset includes raw sequencing reads (FASTQ format) and processed variant call files (VCF format). All samples were pseudonymized prior to submission in accordance with ethical approvals and participant consent. Data are available under controlled access.

  Dataset EGAD50000002415

• Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF)

  The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) is a prospective multicenter study of risk factors for vertebral and non vertebral fractures. The cohort is comprised of 9704 community-dwelling women 65 years old or older recruited from populations-based listings in four U.S. areas: Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Portland, Oregon; and the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania. Women enrolled in the study were 99% Caucasian with African American women initially excluded from the study due to their low incidence of hip fractures. (A cohort of AA women was recruited at the 6th Visit.) The SOF participants were followed up every four months by postcard or telephone to ascertain the occurrence of falls, fractures and changes in address. To date, follow-up rates have exceeded 95% for vital status and fractures. All fractures are validated by x-ray reports or in the case of most hip fractures, a review of pre-operative radiographs. Blood samples were collected in 6795 women at their Year 2 exam (Visit 2) and with written consent for use of DNA in genetic studies. Of these, we have GWAS data on 3625 Caucasian participants. As a separate study, the SOF Osteoarthritis Project was funded separately to collect data about risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) and analyze baseline hip and hand films for the presence and severity of OA. Raw GWAS data is housed at the study&#39;s coordinating center and not released as part of the dbGaP release. The raw data can be requested from the study&#39;s coordinating center. Only QC cleaned PLINK files are available at dbGaP. Auxiliary files are also available for duplicates and HapMap participants.

  Study phs000510

• Systems Analysis of the PfSPZ Vaccine in Kenyan Infants

  The PfSPZ vaccine is a candidate vaccine targeting the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, which is the cause of the most lethal type of human malaria. This study used de-identified blood samples collected from 316 infants aged 5 to 12 months (inclusive) enrolled in a Phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02687373) of the PfSPZ malaria vaccine, conducted in a region of western Kenya where malaria transmission is high and perennial. The study began in July, 2016, after peak malaria transmission, and was completed in August, 2018. In this study, three doses of the PfSPZ Vaccine (4.5x105 PfSPZ, 9.0x105 PfSPZ, and 1.8x106 PfSPZ) were tested against a normal saline placebo comparator. In all four groups, doses were administered in 3 doses at 0, 8, and 16 weeks by direct venous inoculation. Vaccine efficacy was determined at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up after the third immunization. RNA was extracted from whole blood collected in PAXgene tubes before PfSPZ immunization, and two weeks after the third (final) dose, from 262 children for which sufficient material was available at both time points (82% of 316 enrolled children; 525 samples). RNA was depleted of globin and ribosome transcripts before library generation and sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. RNA-seq expression data was analyzed to determine blood transcriptional signatures, before and after PfSPZ vaccine immunization, that predicts sterile protection from naturally occurring P. falciparum infection or delayed parasitemia at 3 months post-immunization. Gene expression data will also be correlated to P. falciparum-specific IgG antibody and cellular responses to identify possible molecular correlates of vaccine-induced immunogenicity

  Study phs002196

• Single-Cell Analysis of CD19-Specific CAR T Cell Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory CD19+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  By leveraging single-cell transcriptome and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we aimed to track the transcriptional signatures of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell clonotypes throughout the course of treatment and furthermore identify molecular patterns leading to potent CAR T cell cytotoxicity. The data presented in this study encompass blood and bone marrow samples from patients &#8804; 21 years of age with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) participating in the SJCAR19 phase I/II clinical trial (NCT03573700). In brief, patients enrolled in the clinical trial received either 1 x 10^6 (dose level 1) or 3 x 10^6 (dose level 2) per kilogram of body weight following successful generation of autologous CAR T cell products and lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Peripheral blood was drawn from each participant every week until week 4 post-infusion, at week 6 or 8, and month 3 or 6 if feasible. At week 4 post-infusion, blood marrow was also collected from participants. Total T cells (CD3+) were sorted from each post-infusion sample, as well as the pre-infusion CAR T cell products, and processed through 10x Genomics&#8217; single-cell gene expression and V(D)J sequencing platform using the standard protocol. We identified a unique and unexpected transcriptional signature in a subset of pre-infusion CAR T cells that shared TCRs with post-infusion cytotoxic effector CAR T cells. Functional validation of cells with even a subset of these pre-effector markers demonstrated their immediate cytotoxic potential and resistance to exhaustion. The data deposited into dbGaP include all raw single-cell expression and V(D)J sequencing generated from samples obtained from 16 study participants.

  Study phs002966

• Center Common Disease Genomics [CCDG] - Cardiovascular: Partners Biobank

  This study is a part of NHGRI&#39;s Center for Common Disease Genomics, a collaborative large-scale genome sequencing effort to comprehensively identify rare risk and protective variants contributing to multiple common disease phenotypes. Current estimates anticipate that the CCDG program will perform whole genome sequencing of 140K individuals and whole exome sequencing of 225K individuals over the course of the project. The Cardiovascular Disease working group of the CCDG considered five diseases: early-onset coronary artery disease (EOCAD), stroke, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes. CAD is the leading cause of death in the world and common variant association studies show that our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is incomplete (e.g, &gt;2/3 of the 63 common variants previously mapped for CAD do not directly relate to known risk factors). CAD is representative of a class of common diseases with onset at middle age. When CAD occurs early in life, there is a stronger inherited component. In addition, there is empirical evidence that a burden of rare coding alleles in individual genes contribute to risk for CAD. Source: https://ccdg.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/CCDG_CVD_EOCAD_STROKE_FINAL.pdf For this study, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard generated genetic data for ~13,500 individuals from the Partners Biobank, including using whole exome sequencing and whole genome genotyping (Infinium Global Screening Array), with 550 samples from patients with myocardial infarction, a type of EOCAD. Partners Biobank, launched in 2010, is a biobank composed of samples from Partners hospitals, including Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women&#39;s Hospital. The Biobank has enrolled &gt;100K individuals to study how genes, lifestyle, and other factors affect people&#39;s health and contribute to disease.

  Study phs002018

• A Phase I Study With a Personalized Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine in Glioblastoma Multiforme

  Neoantigens, which are derived from tumor-specific protein-coding gene mutations, are exempt from central tolerance, can generate robust immune responses and function as bona fide antigens that facilitate tumor rejection. A strategy of using multi-epitope and personalized neoantigen vaccination has previously been tested in patients with high-risk melanoma. We demonstrated that this strategy is feasible for glioblastoma (GBM) which typically has a relatively low mutation load and an immunologically 'cold' tumor microenvironment. We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) of tumor and normal cells from individual GBM patients to identify tumor-specific mutations. We assessed the expression of mutated alleles by RNA-sequencing of tumor, and used personalized neoantigen-targeting vaccines to immunize newly diagnosed GBM patients following surgical resection and conventional radiotherapy in a phase I/Ib study. Patients who did not receive dexamethasone, a highly potent corticosteroid that is frequently prescribed to treat cerebral oedema in GBM patients, generated circulating polyfunctional neoantigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that were enriched in a memory phenotype and showed an increase in the number of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Using single-cell T cell receptor analysis, we provided an evidence that neoantigen-specific T cells from the peripheral blood can migrate into an intracranial GBM tumor. Neoantigen-targeting vaccines thus have the potential to favorably alter the immune environment of GBM.In order to discover cancer antigens derived from annotated and unannotated protein-coding regions of the genome, we carried out matched ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) on two GBM samples. We discovered novel or unannotated open reading frames (nuORFs) and their expression levels as well as somatic mutations within the nuORFs, which could be used to predict potential neoantigens.

  Study phs001519

• Correlative Studies for Protocol #14-C-0059: T Cells Expressing an Anti-GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor in Patients with GD2+ Solid Tumors, a Collaboration with CIMAC-CIDC

  This study is a retrospective correlative analysis of immune cell phenotypes in samples from a Phase I clinical trial (NCT02107963) of GD2 CAR-T cells (GD2-CAR.OX40.28.z.iC9) in children and young adults with osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma. The study was a 3+3 dose-escalation study with four dose levels (1 x 10(5) transduced T cells/kg; 1 x 106 transduced T cells/kg; 3 x 106 transduced T cells/kg; and 1 x 107 transduced T cells/kg). Apheresis and final manufactured GD2 CAR-T product samples were analyzed by bulk RNA sequencing and ATAC sequencing. The patients were stratified into good CAR-T expanders (peak CAR-T expansion >1000 GD2 CAR copies/100ng DNA) and poor CAR-T expansion (peak CAR-T expansion Increased na&#239;ve T cell subsets in baseline apheresis are associated with patients who experienced good CAR T cell expansion A T cell exhaustion signature was observed in the manufactured GD2 CAR-T product and may have contributed to lack of efficacy observed in this trial Increased myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) signatures were observed in patients with poor CAR-T expansion CAR-T product in good expanders displayed increased AP-1 factor transcription factor motifs, such as BATF, JUN, and FOS Data provided in dbGaP for this study include: Bulk RNA-Seq data for 11 pre-treatment peripheral blood and 11 GD2 CAR-T product from 14 patients. ATAC sequencing of 22 peripheral blood samples and 5 GD2 CAR-T products from 14 patients.

  Study phs003455

• Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task (STARNET)

  STARNET is a genetics of RNA expression study of multiple disease-relevant tissues obtained from living patients with cardiovascular disease. Tissue samples are obtained from blood, atherosclerotic-lesion-free internal mammary artery (MAM) and atherosclerotic aortic root (AOR), subcutaneous fat (SF), visceral abdominal fat (VAF), skeletal muscle (SKLM), and liver (LIV) during open thorax surgery of 600 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. All patients gave written informed consent. The inclusion criterion was eligibility for coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) surgery. Patients with other severe systemic diseases, such as active systemic inflammatory disease or cancer, were excluded. The primary clinical end points were the SYNTAX score based on the extent of coronary atherosclerosis assessed from preoperative angiograms. The STARNET patients are Caucasians (31% females); 32% had diabetes, 75% had hypertension, and 67% had hyperlipidemia; and 33% had an MI before age 60. By New York Heart Association criteria, 45% were class I, 42% class II, 9% class III, and 1% class IV. TYPES AND RNA SEQUENCING: 566 DNA genotype and 3577 RNA-seq profiles from seven tissues from 600 STARNET CABG patients passed quality control (on average 511 RNA-seq profiles/tissue). DNA was genotyped with the OmniExpress Exome array (Illumina, ~900k SNPs) and imputed to a total of 14,098,063 DNA variant calls (6,245,505 with minor allele frequency &gt;5%). The STARNET subjects mainly overlap with Caucasian of Northern European (Finnish) descent. RNA sequencing was performed using the HighSeq2000 platform, poly-A (LIV, SKLM, VAF, SF and blood) and ribo-zero (AOR, MAM) protocols with 50-100 bp read lengths, single end to 15-30 million read depth.

  Study phs001203

• Asian Immune Diversity Atlas (AIDA) sQTL

  Current efforts within the Human Cell Atlas (HCA) are largely focused on defining reference human cell types using a relatively small number of samples of predominantly European origin. However, the next phase of the HCA is likely to address the topic of human diversity by comprehensively characterizing variation in cell states across age, sex, population groups, diseases and environments. To spur this next phase, and also expand the geographical scope of the HCA, we propose an HCA-Asia seed network to generate an Asian Immune Diversity Atlas (AIDA). AIDA will generate transcriptome variation datasets from 5 major Asian population groups (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, Malay), define an atlas of Asian cell types and states, and characterize their variation associated with ethnicity, age and sex. We will also formalize a study design based on common controls that can in principle reduce technical artifacts in a broad range of comparative single cell studies. This study design will be complemented with novel algorithms designed to normalize datasets of interest against the common controls, to increase the robustness of biological inferences. In addition to providing new tools and resources to the HCA, this seed network will serve as a template for future comparative studies in the single cell field.The AIDA dataset consists of scRNA-seq (10x 5&#8242; v2 scRNA-seq) and genotype (Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array v.3) data. In the AIDA splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTL) project, we identified 11,577 independent cis-sQTLs, 607 trans-sQTLs, and 107 dynamic sQTLs. The post-imputation genotype for the Japanese and Korean cohort will be available through dbGaP. The Singaporean (ethnically Chinese, Indian and Malay) genotypes require a data access application to the HELIOS Data Access Committee (helios_science@ntu.edu.sg). European samples are used as control.

  Study phs003848

• National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the &#8220;Authorized Access&#8221; section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Available Data: The current release of the NETT study dataset includes follow-up data through May of 2013.Objectives: To compare lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema, and to identify participant selection criteria for lung volume reduction surgery.Background: Lung-volume-reduction surgery has been proposed as a palliative treatment for severe emphysema. Effects on mortality, the magnitude and durability of benefits, and criteria for the selection of participants have not been established.Participants: A total of 1,218 participants with severe emphysema underwent pulmonary rehabilitation and were randomly assigned at 17 centers to undergo lung-volume-reduction surgery (bilateral stapled wedge resection) or to receive continued medical treatment. Participants were randomized after a 6-10 week pulmonary rehabilitation period and participants with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) that was 20 percent or less of predicted and a homogeneous distribution of emphysema or carbon monoxide diffusing capacity 20 percent or less of predicted were not eligible for randomization due to poor post-surgery prognosis for death or functional improvement.Conclusions: Overall, lung-volume-reduction surgery increases the chance of improved exercise capacity but does not confer a survival advantage over medical therapy. It does yield a survival advantage for participants with both predominantly upper-lobe emphysema and low base-line exercise capacity. Participants previously reported to be at high risk and those with non-upper-lobe emphysema and high base-line exercise capacity are poor candidates for lung-volume-reduction surgery, because of increased mortality and negligible functional gain. (NEJM 2003;348:2059-2073).

  Study phs004077

• Cellular Profiling Identifies Targetable T Cell Phenotypes in Lymphocytic Variant Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

  Lymphocytic variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (LHES) is driven by aberrant Th2&#8209;skewed lymphocyte clones that promote tissue eosinophilia. We performed multimodal single&#8209;cell RNA&#8209;sequencing (scRNA&#8209;seq), cell&#8209;surface protein (ADT) profiling, and paired &#945;&#946;&#8209;TCR sequencing on peripheral&#8209;blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two clinically characterized LHES patients and one idiopathic HES control. One LHES patient was sequenced at two timepoints, pre-JAK inhibitor treatment and post-JAK inhibitor treatment. Single&#8209;cell regulatory&#8209;network inference (SCENIC), CellChat ligand&#8211;receptor modelling, and scRNA variant calling were integrated with flow&#8209;cytometric validation and 5,000&#215; amplicon sequencing. Two clonally expanded CD3&#8209;CD4&#8314; central&#8209;/effector&#8209;memory T&#8209;cell clusters were observed exclusively in LHES. These cells showed Th2&#8209;associated regulons (GATA3, BATF, MAF), high expression of CCR4, CD52, PTGDR2 and IL13, and down&#8209;regulation of CD247 (CD3&#950;), a mechanism experimentally confirmed to abolish surface CD3/TCR. Autocrine IL&#8209;7 signaling, predicted by CellChat, provides an antigen&#8209;independent proliferative cue. Therapeutically actionable targets (CCR4, CD52, IL&#8209;5, IL&#8209;7, TNF) were prioritized; one refractory patient achieved complete clinical and cytologic remission after mogamulizumab (anti&#8209;CCR4) therapy. Longitudinal sequencing revealed clonal evolution with acquisition of a STAT3 p.G618R mutation under JAK&#8209;inhibition, highlighting a resistance mechanism. Raw scRNA&#8209;seq (5&#8242; cDNA, VDJ, ADT) data, and sample&#8209;level metadata will be distributed through dbGaP. These resources provide the first high&#8209;resolution immune atlas of LHES and a framework for rational, precision immunotherapy in eosinophilic disorders.

  Study phs004041

• IDH-wildtype untreated human glioblastoma samples (GB-UK cohort), published in Noorani & Haughey et al 2025.

  Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) oncogene amplification is associated with treatment resistance and shorter survival in cancer. Currently, the spatial dynamics of ecDNA, and their evolutionary impact, are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of ecDNA by integrating computational modeling with samples from 94 treatment-naive human IDH wild-type glioblastoma patients. Random ecDNA segregation combined with ecDNA-conferred fitness advantages induce distinct spatial ecDNA copy number patterns which depend on ecDNA oncogenic makeup. EGFR-ecDNAs often reach high copy numbers and confer strong fitness advantages. In contrast, PDGFRA-ecDNAs reach lower copy numbers and confer weaker fitness advantages. EGFR structural variants occur exclusively on ecDNA, arise from and are intermixed with wild-type EGFR-ecDNAs. Computational modeling suggests wild-type and variant EGFR-ecDNAs often accumulate before clonal expansion. Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we confirm that the accumulation of oncogenic ecDNA prior to clonal expansion under strong positive selection is observable both in vivo and in vitro in mouse neural stem cells. Intermixed wild-type and variant ecDNAs remain prevalent at diagnosis, as less fit wild-type ecDNAs hitchhike on strongly selected variant EGFR-ecDNAs. A dN/dS analysis in the Genomics England cohort further suggests positive selection of variants on EGFR-ecDNAs but not PDGFRA-ecDNAs in glioblastoma. Overall, our results suggest ecDNA oncogenic makeup determines unique evolutionary trajectories in glioblastoma. New concepts like ecDNA tumor clonality, ecDNA heteroplasmy and multi-species ecDNAs require a refined evolutionary interpretation of genomic data in a large subset of glioblastoma patients and likely other solid cancers.

  Study EGAS00001008126

• Accurate mutation detection in leukemia by re-sequencing a cancer gene set

  With the advent of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing, high-quality catalogs of recurrently mutated cancer genes are becoming available for many cancer types. Increasing access to sequencing technology, including bench-top sequencers, provide the opportunity to re-sequence a limited set of cancer genes across a patient cohort with limited processing time. Here, we re-sequenced a set of cancer genes in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) using the Roche/454 technology coupled with Nimblegen sequence capture. First, we investigated how a maximal sensitivity and specificity of mutation detection can be achieved through a benchmark study. We tested nine combinations of different mapping and variant-calling methods, varied the variant calling parameters, and compared the predicted mutations with a large independent validation set obtained by capillary re-sequencing. We found that the combination of two mapping algorithms, namely BWA-SW and SSAHA2, coupled with the variant calling algorithm Atlas-SNP2 yields the highest sensitivity (95%) and the highest specificity (93%). Next, we applied this analysis pipeline to identify mutations in a set of 58 cancer genes, in a panel of 18 T-ALL cell lines and 15 T-ALL patient samples. We confirmed mutations in known T-ALL drivers, including PHF6, NF1, FBXW7, NOTCH1, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and PTEN. Interestingly, we also found mutations in several cancer genes that had not been linked to T-ALL before, including JAK3. Finally, we re-sequenced a small set of 39 candidate genes and identified recurrent mutations in TET1, SPRY3 and SPRY4. In conclusion, we established an optimized analysis pipeline for Roche/454 data that can be applied to accurately detect gene mutations in cancer, which led to the identification of several new candidate T-ALL driver mutations.

  Study EGAS00001000268

• How to use the EGA search box

  Tips on how to search Tip 1: Use simple and clear keywords No matter what you are searching: a study, a dataset or a committee; the search will look recursively in all the fields of all the entities in the database. Thus, there is no need to specify which type of data you are looking for. Try to use single and specific words and avoid long and complex expressions. Try it out: cancer rna-seq instead of cancer studies using RNA-seq. Tip 2: Narrow your results using search operators Search operators give you more control over the results. They manage the way keywords are used to restrict the search. By default, the search engine applies an OR operator when a space is inserted between two words. Include AND (capitalised) between the keywords in your search in order to show only pages containing both terms. Try it out: Search all the studies based on transcriptomic data, including those ones that use RNA sequencing to obtain this data. Tip 3: Do not worry about details The search engine automatically checks for the most common spelling mistakes of given words and suggests the use of the correct version. It also ignores capital letters and most punctuation so none of these mistakes will hamper the accuracy of your search. Besides, when using a combination of words, the search engine will suggest similar combinations with a higher number of results. Tip 4: Use words that are likely to appear within the text Unfortunately, our search engine is not able to interpret words yet. Therefore, words which do not appear in the body text will not return any result despite them denoting a group of present terms. For instance, if we are looking for studies focused on neurological diseases, using neurological as a keyword would not be the best option. Instead, you should use the name of each neurological disease such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or depression. In the same fashion, incomplete words do not return any result. Please include an asterisk (*) before and/or after the incomplete word in order to allow for partial matching. Try it out: canc* instead of canc(without wildcard). Also you can try out *oma, or even *geneti* Tip 5: Narrow down your search by filtering the results You can filter the results by the following options: general, study, and dataset. Under these categories, you will find more sub-filters to refine your search. Make sure that you click on Apply in order to filter the results. You can clear the filtering anytime. Advanced Searches Additional example queries: Search for DUO:0000005 and word lung example query Or write: DUO:0000005 AND lung Search for an exome sequencing study in dbGaP example query Or write: study_type: "exome sequencing" AND repository:dbGaP Search for an exome sequencing study in EGA example query Or write: study_type: "exome sequencing" AND repository:ega Search for a dataset that is at the EGA beacon and with type "Whole genome sequencing" and with number of samples between 100 and 2000 and with technology "Illumina HiSeq 2000" example query Or write: is_in_beacon:true AND dataset_types:"Whole genome sequencing" AND samples:[100 TO 2000] AND dataset_technologies:"Illumina HiSeq 2000" Search for PMIDS example query Or write: pmids:32025007

  Documentation discovery/metadata/search-box

• Are children born after medical assisted reproduction at greater risk of having an increased de novo mutation rate?

  Introduction: De novo mutations (DNMs) play a prominent role in sporadic disorders with reduced fitness such as infertility and intellectual disability. Advanced paternal age is known to increase disease risk in offspring by increasing the number of DNMs in their genome. Less is known about the effect of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) on the number of DNMs in offspring. With the on-going trend of delayed parenthood more children are now born both from older fathers and through ART. Materials and Methods: We investigated 49 trios (mother, father and child) and 2 quartets (mother, father and 2 siblings) divided into children born after spontaneous conception (n=18); born after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (n=17) and born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection combined with testicular sperm extraction (ICSI-TESE) (n=18). Groups further divided by paternal age, young (&lt;35) or old (&gt;45 years of age at conception). Whole-genome sequencing was performed twice to independently detect and validate all DNMs in children. Results: A clear paternal age effect was observed, with 70 DNMs detected on average in children born to young fathers and 94 DNMs in those born to older fathers (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed between different methods of conception (p = 1) with paternal age affecting all methods equally. Conclusions: Paternal age, not method of conception, had a major effect on the observed number of DNMs in offspring. Given the role DNMs in disease risk, this negative result is good news for IVF and ICSI-TESE born children, if replicated in larger cohorts.

  Study EGAS00001005569

• Evolutionary dynamics of residual disease in human glioblastoma

  Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive adult brain malignancy against which conventional surgery and chemoradiation provide limited benefit. Even when a good treatment response is obtained, recurrence inevitably occurs either locally (c.80%) or distally (c.20%), driven by cancer clones that are often genomically distinct from those in the primary tumour. Glioblastoma cells display a characteristic infiltrative phenotype, invading the surrounding tissue and often spreading across the whole brain. We hypothesised that cancer cells responsible for relapse reside in two compartments of residual disease that are left behind after treatment: the infiltrated normal brain parenchyma, and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ). In this model, residual disease subclones diverge early during glioblastoma evolution, may remain dormant in the normal parenchyma and are responsible for recurrence. To test our hypothesis, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 69 multi- region samples collected using fluorescence-guided resection from 11 patients, including the infiltrating tumour margin (M) and the SVZ for each patient, as well as matched blood. We used a phylogenomic approach to dissect the spatio-temporal evolution of each tumour and unveil the relation between residual disease and the main tumour mass. We also analysed two patients with paired primary-recurrence samples with matched residual disease. Our results suggest that the infiltrative phenotype is an early evolutionary trait of glioblastoma, giving rise to the tumour mass detected at surgery. After treatment, the same infiltrative clone may seed the growth of a recurrent tumour, thus representing the ‘missing link’ between the primary tumour and recurrent disease. These results are consistent with recognised clinical phenotypic behaviour and suggest that more specific therapeutic targeting of cells in the infiltrated brain parenchyma may improve patient’s outcome.

  Study EGAS00001003043

• Genomic diversity of the African-descent Makranis of Pakistan

  From the eighth century onward, the Indian Ocean was the scene of extensive trade of sub-Saharan African slaves, via sea routes controlled by Muslim Arab and Swahili traders. Several populations in present-day Pakistan and India are thought to be the descendants of such slaves, yet their genetic ancestries and history of admixture and natural selection remain largely undefined. Here we studied the genome-wide diversity of the African-descent Makranis, residing on the Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan, together with that of four neighboring Pakistani populations, to investigate the genetic legacy, population dynamics and tempo of the Indian Ocean slave trade. We show that the Makranis result from an admixture event between local Baluch tribes and Bantu-speaking populations from eastern/southeastern Africa, which we dated to ~300 years ago during the Omani Empire domination. Levels of inbreeding, measured through cumulative runs of homozygosity, were found to be similar across Pakistani populations, suggesting that the admixed Makranis rapidly adopted the traditional practice of endogamous marriages. Finally, we searched for signatures of post-admixture selection at several traits evolving under positive selection, including skin color, lactase persistence and resistance to malaria. We demonstrate that the African-specific Duffy-null blood group — believed to confer resistance against Plasmodium vivax infection — was recently introduced to Pakistan through the slave trade and evolved under positive selection in this vivax malaria-endemic region. Collectively, our study reconstructs the genetic and adaptive history of a neglected episode of the African Diaspora, and illustrates the impact of recent admixture on the diffusion of adaptive traits across human populations.

  Study EGAS00001002558

• Integrative genomic analysis reveals cancer-associated mutations at diagnosis of CML in patients with high risk disease

  Genomic events associated with poor outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are poorly understood. We performed whole exome sequencing, copy number variation and/or RNA-Seq for 65 patients to discover mutations at diagnosis and blast crisis (BC). Forty-six chronic phase patients with the extremes of outcome were studied at diagnosis. Cancer gene variants were detected in 15/27 patients (56%) with subsequent BC or poor outcome and in 3/19 optimal responders (16%), P=.007. Frequently mutated genes at diagnosis were ASXL1, IKZF1 and RUNX1. The methyltransferase SETD1B was a novel recurrently mutated gene. A novel class of variant associated with the Philadelphia translocation was detected at diagnosis in 11/46 patients (24%) comprising fusions and/or rearrangement of genes on the translocated chromosomes, with evidence of fragmentation, inversion and imperfect sequence reassembly. These were more frequent at diagnosis in patients with poor outcome: 9/27 (33%) versus 2/19 optimal responders (11%), P=.07. Thirty-nine patients were tested at BC and all had cancer gene variants, including ABL1 kinase domain mutations in 58%. However, ABL1 mutations co-occurred with other mutated cancer genes in 89% of cases, and these predated ABL1 mutations in 62% of evaluable patients. Gene fusions not associated with the Philadelphia translocation occurred in 42% of patients at BC and commonly involved fusion partners that were known cancer genes (78%). Genomic analysis revealed numerous relevant variants at diagnosis in patients with poor outcome and all patients at BC. Future refined biomarker testing of specific variants will likely provide prognostic information to facilitate a risk-adapted therapeutic approach.

  Study EGAS00001003071

• Matching of actionable mutations with therapies in cancer patients: comparison of three commercial decision support platforms

  Purpose: In oncology, precision medicine centers on tailoring the most appropriate therapy to a patient according to their tumor molecular profile. We addressed the question whether there is a consensus in the classification of actionability of somatic variants and their alignment to treatment recommendations. To this end, we evaluated three commercial clinical decision support tools to assess their variant classification and drug matching strategies.Methods: In this two centers study 48 patients with metastatic breast (n=12), colorectal (n=17) or non-small cell lung cancer (n=19) were recruited based on circulating tumor DNA levels in peripheral blood. In individual patients’ plasma samples, we established somatic copy number alterations and somatic mutations across a 77 cancer-associated gene panel and exposed the obtained molecular profiles to the decision support packages NAVIFY Mutation Profiler (NMP; Roche), Qiagen Clinical Insight (QCI) Interpret (Qiagen) and CureMatch Bionov (CureMatch).Results: In the plasma samples, altogether 492 somatic alterations were assessed. Each decision support platform varied in their format of data input, mode of variant classification and strategies for identifying druggable targets and clinical trials, which resulted in discrepancies in tier classification as well as designations of actionability. The frequency of concordant actionable events for tier I-A or tier I-B classifications, i.e. those with the strongest clinical evidence, was only 4.3%, 9.5% and 28.4% when comparing NMP with QCI, NMP with CureMatch, and CureMatch with QCI, respectively. As a consequence, the obtained treatment recommendations differed drastically, and alignment of treatment recommendations was limited to established predictive markers.Conclusions: The lack of standards for the extraction of treatment recommendations from comprehensive tumor molecular profiling data challenge the promising concepts of precision oncology.

  Study EGAS00001004383

• Combination of CDK4/6 with BET-bromodomain and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in medulloblastoma in vitro and in vivo

  Despite improvement in the treatment of medulloblastoma (MB) over the last years, numerous patients with MYC- and MYCN-driven tumors still fail the current therapeutic regimen. The retinoblastoma (RB) pathway is often compromised in MB with RB remaining intact suggesting that CDK4/6 inhibition might represent a therapeutic strategy for which drug combination remains understudied. Using tumor lines grown in stem cell conditions referred as tumorspheres as well as tumor cells freshly dissociated from the brain of mice harboring intracranial patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of Group3 (G3) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) MB, we conducted high throughput drug combination screens using the CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) ribociclib as an anchor and 87 oncology drugs approved by FDA or currently in clinical trials. Bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors potentiated ribociclib’s inhibition of proliferation in G3 and SHH MB. A reverse combination screen using BET inhibitor JQ1 as the anchor, revealed the three FDA approved CDK4/6i as the most potentiating drugs. Those synergistic combinations were tested in vivo in mice intracranially implanted with G3 and SHH MB tumor cells. Ribociclib showed single agent activity in several in vivo MB models. However, despite in vitro synergy, combinations of ribociclib with JQ1 and ribociclib with the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor paxalisib failed to improve the survival of MB bearing mice compared to ribociclib alone. Our data illustrates the difficulty in translating in vitro findings to in vivo for brain tumors partly due to insufficient free brain concentration and altered signaling pathways activation in vitro compared to in vivo.

  Study EGAS00001006286

• MethylationEPIC BeadChip samples of pre- and post-5ZA-treated head and neck cancer patients refractory to anto-PD-1 therapy

  Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an effective treatment in a subset of patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, most patients are refractory. Methods In a non-randomized, open-label phase 1b clinical trial, participants with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC were treated with low-dose 5’azacytidine (5’aza) daily for either 5- or 10-days in combination with fixed doses of durvalumab and tremelimumab after progression on ICB therapy. The primary objective was to assess the biologically effective dose of 5’aza as determined by molecular changes in paired baseline and on-treatment tumor biopsies; the secondary objective was safety. Results Thirty-eight percent (3/8) of participants with evaluable paired tissue samples had a greater than 2-fold increase from baseline in interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) signature and CD274 (programmed cell death protein 1 ligand, PD-L1) expression within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which was associated with increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and decreased infiltration of CD4+ T regulatory cells. The mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) decreased by greater than 50%, from 14.2 (SD 22.6) to 6.9 (SD 5.2). Median overall survival (OS) was 16.3 months (95% CI 1.9, NA) and 2-year OS rate was 24.7% (95% CI: 4.5%, 53.2%) with 58% (7/12) of treated participants demonstrated prolonged OS of greater than 12 months. Conclusion Our findings suggest that low-dose 5’aza can reprogram systemic host immune responses and the local TME to increase IFN-ɣ and PD-L1 expression. The increased expression of these established biomarkers correlated with prolonged OS upon re-challenge with ICB.

  Study EGAS00001007998

• The Human Virome in Children and its Relationship to Febrile Illness

  Definition of the human microbiome is an important scientific priority. This study will expand the scope of the investigation to include viruses, which account for a substantial proportion of infectious disease morbidity and mortality, especially in children. The long-term goal of this project is to describe the human virome in children and to investigate its relevance to febrile illnesses in children. The project will also seek to understand the relationship of the immune system to the composition of the virome. Thus, the project&#39;s specific aims are 1) To elucidate the spectrum of viruses that can be detected using non-biased, high throughput sequencing on samples of blood, respiratory, and gastrointestinal secretions from healthy children and to use this information as a basis for understanding the role of viruses in acute febrile illnesses without an obvious source, and 2) to investigate the effect of various forms of immunosuppression on the spectrum of viruses detected in children, and to use this information as a basis for understanding the role of viruses in acute febrile illnesses occurring in these children. Our preliminary studies show that diverse viruses can be detected in children having undiagnosed fever. To carry out the specific aims, well children will be enrolled prior to having elective surgery, and febrile otherwise well children will be enrolled from the Emergency Department at St. Louis Children&#39;s Hospital. Immunocompromised children will be recruited from hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant clinics, the HIV/AIDS clinic, and the rheumatology/immunology clinic from the same hospital. Children with fever will have samples obtained at the time of the febrile illness and at 1 and 6-month follow-up visits. Selected samples from each study group will be analyzed at the Genome Center at Washington University (GCWU) using next generation 454 high throughput sequencing to detect and sequence all viral sequences present. We anticipate detecting and sequencing a broad range of viruses, including previously unrecognized agents. A variety of techniques will be used to investigate the significance of viruses detected. Virus-specific PCR assays will be used to determine the frequency and extent of viruses detected by sequencing, using the full range of samples collected. Host response to the detected viruses will be investigated using serologic analysis, cytokine profiling, and microarrays to characterize host gene expression. These studies will take advantage of follow-up samples to compare the acute response with the response in the convalescent period. This study will draw upon the expertise and technological assets of one of the world&#39;s most powerful sequencing centers to provide the research community with a comprehensive sequence data base of the viruses that are present in children, which can be used to improve our understanding of the causes of febrile illnesses in young children, many of which are currently undiagnosed.

  Study phs000264

• Integrative Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma in EAGLE (Phase 2)

  We performed whole genome sequencing and whole exome sequencing of 31 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples from the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study.

  Study phs001239

• Flexible and rapid validation of structural variants using adaptive sampling

  This is the DAC that oversees the application and approval process for access to the Oxford Nanopore fastq files associated with the study, "Flexible and rapid validation of structural variants using adaptive sampling". The DAC members include Dr. Stephen W. Scherer (swscherer@sickkids.ca) and Dr. Lars Feuk (lars.feuk@igp.uu.se).

  Dac EGAC50000000748

• Unraveling the Physiological Impact of ANGPTL8 Loss-of-Function Variants in Humans

  Summary statistics and individual level data associated with PheWAS and phenotypic profiling of individuals with heterozygous loss of mutations in the gene ANGPTL8

  Study EGAS50000001482

• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

  We generated RNAseq, ATACseq, Multiomics and CITEseq for patients with Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) to profile the chromatin accessibility, transcriptional profiles and surface proteins at single-cell level.

  Study EGAS50000000139

• INVADE cohort

  Cohort of bulk RNAseq data from DCIS, invasive and microinvasive breast cancer at diagnosis. This dataset covers 18 DCIS cases, 17 microinvasive and 20 primary invasive breast cancer.

  Study EGAS50000000219

• Whole Exome Sequencing of Multiple Myeloma Patients

  We used whole exome sequencing (WES) data from 35 MM patients to evaluate possible mutational signatures and driver mutations associated with the patient’s clinical and cytogenetic characteristics.

  Study EGAS50000000394

• WES analysis of tumor samples

  Whole exome sequencing was performed on paired tumor (N=8) from ER+ advanced breast cancer, obtained prior to combined CDK4/6i and endocrine therapy and at disease progression.

  Study EGAS50000000430

• SARS-CoV2 mRNA-vaccination-induced Immunological Memory in Human Non-Lymphoid and Lymphoid Tissues

  This dataset includes combined single-cell RNA-Seq and T cell receptor profiling data for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-reactive CD4+ T cells and NK cells from blood, liver, lungs, and bone marrow of human donors.

  Dataset EGAD50000000062

• single-cell RNA sequencing data of BALF and blood cells obtained from COPD patients and control donors

  The dataset consists of FASTQ files from Seq-Well and some Chromium (10x Genomics) libraries from 10 control donors and 10 COPD GOLD2 patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001006069

• RNA-seq of iPSC-derived neurons treated with miRNA mimics and inhibitors

  iPSC-derived neurons were treated with mimics and inhibitors of the miRNAs miR-150-5p, hsa-mir-193a-3p and hsa-miR-19b-3p. RNA-sequencing was then performed to examine the effects of miRNA up-regulation and inhibition.

  Dataset EGAD00001006844

• Evaluation of capture and amplicon-based targeted sequencing methods on formalin-fixed tumours

  Three capture (Agilent’s SureSelectXT HS, Illumina’s Nextera Rapid Capture Custom, and New England Biolabs’ Next Direct Custom) and one amplicon-based (Qiagen’s Human Breast Cancer Panel) targeted sequencing methods on 6-8 paired blood and FFPE from the Malaysian Breast Cancer Cohort.

  Dataset EGAD00001006879

• Analysis_of_somatic_mutations_in_normal_blood__AML_and_MDS_samples

  Targeted pulldown of genes known to be recurrently mutated in AML &amp; MDS from patient and normal samples using Agilent Sureselect and for some cases also using Illumina Truseq technology.

  Study EGAS00001000525

• DECONVOLUTION OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM/PROGENITOR CELL SIGNALING IN HUMAN AML

  A comprehensive taxonomy of the predicted interactions between LEPR + stromal niches, HSPCs and adaptive/innate immune cells in the human NBM and AML

  Study EGAS00001007330

• Covid19 WGS BAM files

  The Samples were collected from Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, and after informed consent Extracted Genomic DNA samples were prepared and sequenced using the Automated Illumina TruSeq PCR-free methodology.

  Study EGAS00001007048

• Single-cell RNA-seq counts and merged data for 28 Hodgkin lymphomas and 5 reactive lymph nodes

  This dataset contains raw count data (10X CellRanger) for 28 Hodgkin lymphoma samples and 5 reactive lymph nodes, and merged data from all samples (RData object) including cell cluster assignments.

  Dataset EGAD00001008270

• snRNA-seq/snATAC-seq multiome of first and second trimester human gonads - HUGODECA dataset

  Comprehensive map of first- and second-trimester gonadal development in humans using a combination of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility assays, and imaging. ArrayExpress Accession: E-MTAB-11708

  Dataset EGAD00001009388

• CTD-ILD BALF and blood scRNA-seq dataset

  CTD-ILD BALF and blood scRNA-seq dataset consists of single-cell transcriptome data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood derived from 30 connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and 12 idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001011334

• WGS and WTS data for manuscript titled: Pathologist-initiated whole genome and transcriptome sequencing demonstrates diagnostic utility in resolving difficult-to-diagnose tumors

  Illumina platform sequencing of whole genome libraries prepared from normal and cancer samples and whole transcriptome libraries from cancer samples from 45 donors

  Dataset EGAD00001015615

• University of Miami Study on Genetics of Autism and Related Disorders (AutismDisorders)

  Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental in origin and characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication accompanied by restricted and repetitive patterns of interest or behavior. With improved surveillance and a broadening of the diagnostic criteria, the most recent prevalence studies suggest that ASD may affect as many as 1/166 children in the US. Treatments are limited resulting in little impact on the profound morbidity. Little is known about the etiology of ASD, but there is a strong genetic component. Genetic studies over the past decade have failed to identify definitive ASD genes, but have clearly shown that the underlying genetics are more complex than anticipated with the likelihood that multiple genes are acting independently and/or interactively. With this realization the field of ASD genetics is at a critical juncture. To move forward we must embrace new and creative paradigms to successfully dissect the genetic etiology of this disease. Specifically the current study will: Extend our ascertainment to the full range of ASD. We will increase our ASD dataset by collecting 600 families who meet clinical diagnostic criteria for the three most common ASDs: autism (AUT), Asperger disorder (ASP) and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-NOS (PDD-NOS). Phenotype assessment will be expanded to include the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and detailed seizure data. Ascertainment will focus on parent-child trios. Further characterize the ASD-associated variations in the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) receptor (GABR) subunits. We will complete our GABR subunit variant analysis, including coding, UTR, regulatory, and conserved intronic sequence, concentrating on GABRA4 and GABRB1. We will also investigate the role of variation in other GABR subunits. All AUT specific findings will be examined in the entire ASD dataset. Identify the chromosome 19p ASD gene. Multiple genome-wide screens have provided significant evidence for linkage to Chromosome 19p and we have found evidence for significant association in the linked families within an ~3 Mb region. We will genotype 768 SNPs spaced at ~4 kb to refine the candidate region and delineate specific candidate genes for further testing. We will screen the strongest associated candidate genes for additional variants and evaluate evidence for association in the entire ASD dataset (SA5). Develop and apply the Phenotypic Homogeneity Distinction (PHD) algorithm for identification of the phenotypic signature of linkage and/or association signals. The PHD algorithm identifies phenotypic covariates that discriminate a target sample subset (e.g. the positively linked families or families carrying the associated risk allele) from its complement. The resulting PHD discriminators will define a homogeneous subset from our newly-ascertained ASD dataset to use, as a confirmatory dataset and for localization within genes under study in our other aims. Test for gene-gene interactions. To fully explain the spectrum of autism risk, we will test for interactions between genetic variations associated with ASD (such as those in GABR subunit genes). We will build upon our experience using the MDR method and extend our analyses across biological pathways using the entire ASD data set.

  Study phs000436

• Varieties of Impulsivity in Opiate and Stimulant Users

  The study was conducted in Bulgaria as a collaboration between Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, VA, USA), the Bulgarian Addictions Institute (Sofia, Bulgaria), the Molecular Medicine Center/Medical University (Sofia, Bulgaria), and Indiana University (Bloomington, IN, USA). The overall aim of this study is to investigate the role of impulsivity as an endophenotype for drug addiction. Although impulsivity is considered one of the strongest candidate endophenotypes for addiction, progress in the field is hampered by the heterogeneity of impulsivity, characterized by multiple personality, psychiatric, and neurocognitive dimensions, rarely examined concurrently in the same population; and the heterogeneity of addiction phenotypes, due in part to the high rates of polysubstance dependence among substance users. To address these challenges, we have developed a program of addiction research in Bulgaria, a key transit country for heroin trafficking due to its strategic geographical location on the "Balkan Drug Route" and a major European center for production of synthetic amphetamine-type stimulants. This has allowed us to access rare populations of predominantly mono-substance dependent heroin and amphetamine users, many in protracted abstinence. Our preliminary results reveal a complex relationship between trait and neurocognitive (state) dimensions of impulsivity, often manifested in opposite directions in heroin and amphetamine dependent individuals. Pilot computational modeling analyses of decision-making, a central neurocognitive aspect of impulsivity, have proved particularly informative by indicating that different mechanisms may underlie the impaired decision-making of opiate and stimulant users. A different modeling approach, i.e. phenotypic modeling, holds significant promise to address the pervasive "missing heritability" problem in genetic studies. While genetic heterogeneity is often invoked as an explanation, the manner in which complex phenotypic traits are measured and modeled is equally important contributor to the missing heritability problem but has received much less attention in the literature. Despite the multidimensionality of traits measured by psychometric, diagnostic, and neurocognitive instruments, most GWAS studies typically use aggregate sum scores that do not reflect the underlying phenotypic multidimensionality. Therefore, at least part of the missing heritability problem may originate in misspecification of the phenotypic models. Consequently, sample sizes requirements may increase from ~800 subjects in correctly specified models to 6,000-16,000 subjects in incorrectly specified models. The current study aims to increase our understanding of the complex relationship between multiple putative impulsivity endophenotypes to help redefine endophenotypes as multi-level combination of measures that could inform multivariate multilevel models of complex phenotypes. The specific aims of the study are to: (1) Assess the utility of various personality, psychiatric, and neurocognitive indices of impulsivity (either individually or in combination) as candidate endophenotype(s) for drug addiction in general and for opiate and stimulant addictions in particular; (2) Evaluate the viability of computational model parameters modeling various neurocognitive dimensions of impulsivity as novel endophenotype(s) for addiction; and (3) Test the external validity of the optimal endophenotype(s) by evaluating their associations with HIV and other risk behaviors in opiate and stimulant users in protracted abstinence, a question of critical importance for prevention and intervention efforts in this much less-well understood stage of the addiction cycle.

  Study phs001647

• CaBagE: a Cas9-Based Background Elimination Strategy for Targeted, Long-Read DNA Sequencing

  While repeat-expansion polymorphisms are known to underlie several developmental and neurological disorders, technological limitations have inhibited the ability to resolve accurate genotypes for these variants. A pertinent example is the (CCCCGG)n repeat expansion in C9orf72 that segregates with up to 40% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. There is a clear relationship between this repeat expansion and neurodegeneration. However, widely-used short-read sequencing is ill-suited to characterize the C9orf72 repeat expansion due to polymerase slippage over low complexity sequences and the inherently limited mapping/haplotype resolution of redundant short sequences. Consequently, researchers and physicians must rely on crude variant characterization methods (e.g. Southern blots), which limit direct genotype-phenotype associations and create challenges for the diagnosis of disease in patients with atypical clinical presentation. In contrast, ultra-long (e.g., 10-150kb) sequencing reads generated by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) enable direct measurement of loci containing complex structures without being subject to amplification or alignment bias. We are therefore developed a molecular and computational framework for targeted sequencing and quantification of pathogenic repeat expansions by combining Cas9 and amplification-free sequence capture methods with Nanopore long-read sequencing technology. First, extracted high molecular weight DNA is bound by Cas9 on either side of a DNA target. Bound Cas9 protects the target DNA from challenge by processive exonucleases. Unprotected (off-target) DNA is degraded with exonucleases and the remaining sample is sequenced using the ONT MinION sequencer. Then, base-called reads are aligned to the target locus and repeat copy number genotypes are estimated using a Gaussian Mixture Model. We applied this molecular and computational framework to 2 ALS patients with C9orf72 repeat expansions with biospecimens available from the NINDS collection from Coriell. Genotype estimates produced with CaBagE were commensurate with genotypes derived from repeat-primed PCR for each individual.

  Study phs002368

• Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC)

  The ARRA Autism Sequencing Collaboration was created in 2010 bringing together expert large-scale sequencing center (at the Baylor College of Medicine, PI Richard Gibbs and the Board Institute of MIT and Harvard, PI Mark J. Daly) and a collaborative network of research labs focused on the genetics of autism (brought together by the Autism Genome Project and the Autism Consortium). These groups worked together to utilize dramatic new advances in DNA sequencing technology to reveal the genetic architecture of autism through comprehensive examination of the exotic sequence of all genes. The Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) was founded by Joseph D. Buxbaum and colleagues as an international group of scientists who share autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples and genetic data. The PIs are Drs. Joseph D. Buxbaum (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Mark J. Daly (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard), Bernie Devlin (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine), Kathryn Roeder (Carnegie Mellon University, Matthew State and Stephan Sanders (University of California, San Francisco). The rationale for the ASC is described in Buxbaum et al. 2012, and this paper should be cited when referencing the data set. All shared data and analysis is hosted at a single site, which enables joint analysis of large-scale data from many groups. The ASC was first supported by a cooperative agreement grant to four lead sites funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH100233, U01MH100209, U01MH100229, U01MH100239), with additional support from the National Human Genome Research Institute. The NIMH recently renewed their support with a second grant (U01MH111661, U01MH111660, U01MH111658 and U01MH111662) to expand the project from 29,000 genomes to more than 50,000 exomes over the next 5 years. NHGRI provides ongoing sequencing support for the ASD through the Broad Center for Common Disease Genomics (UM1HG008895, Mark Daly, PI).

  Study phs000298

• DNA Methylation in Prostate Tumor and Paired Benign Tissue for African and European Ancestry Men

  We recruited prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy at the University of Chicago Medical Center Urology Clinic between 2011 and 2017. Our study includes 76 African American (AA) and 75 European American (EA) men with PCa of Gleason Score (GS) &#8805;7, recruited by the Epidemiology Research Recruitment Core at the University of Chicago. All patients consented to the collection of questionnaire data, prostate tissue, and medical records. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Chicago. Following prostatectomy, prostate tissue was sent to the Human Tissue Research Center (HTRC) at the University of Chicago. Each sample underwent histological examination and Gleason scoring by University of Chicago genitourinary pathologists. The presence of adenocarcinoma was confirmed by overexpression of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme-A racemase (AMACR) and areas for DNA extraction were marked. Tissue samples used for DNA extraction were obtained using with either a 1mm biopunch or laser microdissection of a 100 &#181;m2 area of tissue. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were generated using Illumina's Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array kit. Genome-wide SNP data was generated (from benign tissue DNA) using the Illumina Infinium Multi-Ethnic Global-8 v1.0 array at the University of Chicago Genomics Core Facility. We performed imputation using the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC, Version r1.1 2016) panel, which includes all samples from the 1,000 Genomes Project (Phase 3), using the Michigan Imputation Server. The imputed SNP data for mQTL analysis was imputed based on genotype SNP data which was all from benign tissue DNA and the methylation data was identified in both tumor and benign tissue, both AA and EA men, and identified QTLs co-occuring with prostate cancer susceptibility loci.Data including SNP genotypes, DNA methylation, tissue type, and participant characteristics will be available in dbGaP.

  Study phs003516

• Single-Gene vs. Panel Sequencing in Advanced HR+/HER2− Breast Cancer

  Background: Hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer is the most common subtype of breast cancer, with biomarker-driven therapies improving outcomes. Liquid biopsies, which analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), are increasingly essential in clinical management, offering a minimally invasive approach to assess somatic alterations and guide therapy decisions. However, the choice of assay directly affects clinical utility and global access to validated testing platforms remains inconsistent. To address these challenges, this study aimed to compare the performance of single-gene and panel-based sequencing for detecting PIK3CA mutations in HR+/HER2− breast cancer and evaluate the added value of broader genomic profiling in guiding treatment decisions. Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter study comparing our previously established SiMSen-Seq (SSS) assay, a single-gene method targeting PIK3CA hotspot mutations, with the AVENIO ctDNA Expanded assay, enriching for 77 clinically relevant cancer genes. Additionally, tumor fractions were estimated with mFAST-SeqS by assessing chromosomal aneuploidy. We analyzed 161 plasma samples collected from 146 patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer before starting a new line of palliative therapy. Results: High concordance (92.6%) was observed between SSS and AVENIO for PIK3CA mutation detection, with accurate variant allele frequency (VAF) quantification confirmed by Bland-Altman analysis and linear mixed-effects modeling. AVENIO identified additional PIK3CA mutations in 19% of samples as well as other actionable alterations, including ESR1 mutations (17.5%) and PI3K pathway alterations (40.6%). Panel sequencing improved the interpretation of negative liquid biopsy results by integrating tumor fraction and VAF metrics. Conclusions: Panel sequencing assays such as AVENIO provide broader genomic coverage, enhance the detection of actionable mutations and refine the interpretation of negative liquid biopsy findings. These findings support the integration of comprehensive ctDNA profiling into routine clinical practice for HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer while highlighting the need for improved assay accessibility and expanded genomic targets.

  Study EGAS00001008200

• Genomic Profiling of Pediatric Tumors by Cell Free DNA Sequencing

  BACKGROUND Analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from peripheral blood has been studied extensively for detection and monitoring therapy response in adult cancers, but utility in pediatric tumors is unclear. METHODS We studied 233 children with hematologic, solid and brain tumors. cfDNA was extracted from 1 mL of plasma collected at diagnosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cfDNA was quantified and diverse classes of somatic genomic variants were detected using PeCan-Seq. PeCan-Seq findings were compared with matched tumor whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data. Minimal residual disease (MRD) status was evaluated by cfDNA PeCan-Seq in 14 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. RESULTS Plasma cfDNA yields at diagnosis were higher for hematologic malignancies than for solid and brain tumors. Patients with hematologic malignancy were 100% ctDNA-positive, the median ctDNA fraction in cfDNA was 0.77. We detected 97% variants that were present in tumors and covered by the capture panel, and 50 subclonal variants that were present in cfDNA only. Our approach enabled detection of sequence and structural variants in B-ALL ctDNA at varying levels of MRD. Nineteen of 38 patients with solid tumors were ctDNA-positive, with high prevalence in Ewing Sarcoma, liver tumors and osteosarcoma. One of 19 brain tumor patients was ct-DNA positive, indicating lack of utility for plasma-derived cfDNA in this disease. Notably, cfDNA analysis of a single plasma sample identified genomic features in ctDNA derived from B-ALL, concurrent primary neuroblastoma, and a later neuroblastoma relapse, indicating that genomic variations from multiple tumors could be detected simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with hematologic malignancy had an abundance of plasma ctDNA at diagnosis. Plasma ctDNA levels varied between different solid tumor types, more studies are needed to determine utility. Panel-based cfDNA sequencing could serve as a non-invasive approach for pediatric cancer diagnosis and disease monitoring.

  Study EGAS50000000072

• Multiple Myeloma Total Therapy trial patient sequencing

  The study of multiple myeloma (MM) genomics has identified many abnormalities that are associated with poor progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Copy number abnormalities have been extensively studied in many datasets with long follow-up, however, the prognostic impact of mutations have not been extensively studied and available datasets have generally had a relatively short follow-up. These analyses have identified a range of mutations that are associated with prognosis, making it important to extend these observations in larger studies with robust diagnostic technologies. Samples from newly diagnosed MM patients enrolled in Total Therapy trials (n=225) were sequenced on a targeted panel consisting of 140 genes and additional regions of interest for copy number, as well as tiling of the Ig and MYC loci for detection of translocations. Samples were sequenced to a median depth of 452x using 2x75 bp paired end reads. Reads were aligned to hg19 and mutations called using Strelka and filtered with fpfilter. Translocations were called by Manta, and copy number determined by read depth ratio and loss of heterozygosity comparison with a patient matched non-tumor sample. DNA was obtained from either CD138+ cells from the bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients (tumor) or from stem cell harvests or peripheral blood cells from the same patient (control). 100 ng of DNA was fragmented, end-repaired, and adapters ligated using the HyperPlus kit (KAPA Biosystems). After PCR amplification the libraries were hybridized with probes against either a targeted panel consisting of 140 genes and chromosomal regions (Nimblegen) using SeqCap reagents (Nimblegen). Hybridized libraries underwent further amplification before being sequenced on a NextSeq500 (Illumina) using 75 bp paired end reads There are 450 (225 tumor and 225 germline) samples in this study. 263 are available as part of this dataset. The remaining 187 are available with dataset accession id EGAD00001004117.

  Study EGAS00001003223

• Separation of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells from normal hematopoietic stem cells at single-cell resolution

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal disease, initiated and sustained by a subpopulation of CML stem cells (CML-SC) containing the BCR::ABL1 oncogene. Genetic markers that enrich for CML-SC have been identified, including CD26 being most specific. Genome sequencing analysis remain yet to be performed at single cell level in order to determine differences and heterogeneity in the genetic profile of CML-SC versus normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we show that CD26 and CD33 separate CML-SC from normal HSC in freshly isolated bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed CML patients. DNA sequencing confirms that single CML-SC derived colonies are positive for BCR::ABL1 and harbor a recurrent set of patient-specific clonal somatic mutations across different CML-SC derived colonies. In contrast, marker-negative (CD26-CD33-) HSC from the same patients are negative for the BCR::ABL1 oncogene and do not carry recurrent, clonal mutation across different colonies. These results support the concept that CD26/CD33 expression separates genetically defined, clonal mutant CML-SC from normal HSC that carry individual sets of random mutations in CML patients. We provide whole exome DNA sequencing data for 23 clinical samples of CML-SC plus two buccal swipes derived normal samples. CML samples are comprised of 4 to 8 replicates from two patients, at diagnosis and after treatment. Single CML stem cells before treatment and single non-transformed HSC at remission were selected from bone marrow samples by FACS, according to genetic markers CD33+CD26+ at diagnosis and CD33+CD26-/CD33-CD26- at remission. WES libraries of colony forming assays derived CML-SC and HSC populations were prepared using Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V6 kit and sequenced running 150 cycles (2x 75bp paired-end) on an Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. Following GATK best practices for somatic mutation calling, novel CML variants and random mutation events during remission phase were obtained.

  Study EGAS00001006904

• Avelumab or M7824 for People with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis

  This submission includes genomic data derived from the study of clinical samples from two different phase II trials. These trials evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of avelumab or M7824 in the treatment of adults with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Subjects with aggressive RRP were treated with three to six doses of avelumab or M7824. Pre-treatment or post-treatment snap frozen papilloma and normal mucosa samples were subjected to whole exome sequencing and bulk RNA-seq. A total of twenty subjects were enrolled and treated.&nbsp;

  Study phs002373

• Whole Genome Sequencing to Discover Familial Myeloma Risk Genes

  We identified germline KDM1A truncating mutations in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumors. KDM1A mutation burden is higher in sporadic MM patients than in controls, and mRNA levels are lower in MM compared with normal plasma cells. KDM1A pharmacological inhibition in vitro promotes myeloma cell proliferation, and in mice promotes plasma cell expansion, enhanced secondary immune response to T cell dependent antigens, and upregulation of MYC oncogene transcriptional targets. Our findings provide important new insights into the role of KDM1A to suppress B cell malignancies.

  Study phs001819

• Genomic Landscape of Cutaneous Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

  Cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are aggressive lymphomas with a poor prognosis. To elucidate their genetic bases, we performed whole exome capture and massively parallel sequencing on 19 tumor samples of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, leg type (DLBCL-LT) and 6 samples of secondary cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS). Tumor specimens and their associated sequencing data were from multiple institutions, including Northwestern University (Chicago, IL), Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA), and Medical University of Graz (Graz, Austria).

  Study phs001645

• Organoid Profiling Identifies Common Responders to Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer

  We generated a collection of patient-derived pancreatic normal and cancer organoids. We performed whole genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and RNA sequencing on organoids as well as matched tumor and normal tissue if available. This dataset is a valuable resource for pancreas cancer researchers, and those looking to compare primary tissue to organoid culture. In our linked publication, we show that pancreatic cancer organoids recapitulate the mutational spectrum of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, RNA sequencing of organoids demonstrates the presence of both transcriptional subtypes of pancreas cancer.

  Study phs001611

• Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) Prostate Cancer Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) - Primary Scan (Stage 1) - PLCO Screening Trial

  The Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) prostate cancer genome-wide association study (GWAS) included genotyping approximately 550,000 SNPs (Phase 1A with HumanHap300 and Phase 1B HumanHap240, both from Illumina, San Diego, CA) in 1,172 prostate cancer patients and 1,157 controls of European ancestry from the Prostate, Lung, Colon and Ovarian (PLCO, http://www.cancer.gov/prevention/plco/) Cancer Screening Trial. The original analysis published in Nature Genetics [PMID: 17401363] included 2,282 subjects. After improvement and revisions of the original analysis, 2,252 subjects were submitted to dbGaP.

  Study phs000207

• Single-cell analysis of upper airway cells reveals host-viral dynamics in influenza infected adults

  This observational study was designed to determine the cellular tropism of Influenza A and B Viruses (IAV, IBV) from samples taken from the upper respiratory tract collected during routine nasal washes during the 2017-2018 season. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) we sought to determine which cell types could be infected, what the cellular response was to infection in both infected and bystander cells, and to compare the intra/inter-host variability of IAV and IBV during a single season at a single healthcare provider location.

  Study phs002039

• Genetic measurement of memory B-cell recall using antibody repertoire sequencing

  We developed an improved high throughput sequencing approach to measure the quantities and sequences of the repertoire of antibody heavy chain RNA in a blood sample. Using this approach we analyzed the antibody repertoire in response to yearly vaccinations with influenza vaccines TIV and LAIV in healthy adults in two subsequent years. We determined vaccine response patterns specific to LAIV and TIV and found antibody sequences that were shared between two samples of the same individuals following influenza vaccination in subsequent years, thereby providing a genetic measurement of B-cell memory recall.

  Study phs000656

• Prediction of DNA Repair Inhibitor Response in Short Term Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids

  In this study, 34 ovarian tumor organoids generated from 23 patients underwent paired DNA damage repair defect functional analyses and whole exome sequencing analysis to compare genetic mutational status to DNA repair functional capacity. 22 of the patients had high grade serous cancer and 1 of the patients had low grade serous cancer. A normal control, fresh parent tumor, and cells from the organoid culture generated from the parent tumor underwent whole exome sequencing analysis and the data from the sequencing analysis is provided here.

  Study phs001685

• In Vivo Cytokine eQTL Interactions from a Lupus Clinical Trial

  The purpose of this study is to discover in vivo cytokine expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) interactions from a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 157 lupus patients were enrolled in a clinical trial to test the efficacy and safety of an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody. At three time points, we measured interferon (IFN) status, anti-IL-6 drug exposure and genome-wide gen expression. We identified 4,818 cis-eQTLs and then observed a statistically significant enrichment of in vivo eQTL interactions with IFN status and anti-IL-6 exposure.

  Study phs001702

• Molecular Characterization of Response to Rectal Chemoradiation

  Pre-operative chemoradiation (CRT) followed by resection is the standard of care option for patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Pathologic downstaging after CRT is associated with improved outcomes, but molecular predictors of response are poorly understood. We performed whole exome sequencing, gene expression profiling, and immune infiltrate analysis on rectal adenocarcinoma tumors prior to neoadjuvant CRT (pre-CRT) and at the time of resection (post-CRT) in 17 patients to identify somatic mutations and derive molecular biomarkers distinguishing complete and excellent partial responders versus non-responders.

  Study phs001829

• Metabolic Biomarkers in Thoracic Cancers

  Here we present RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and adjacent lung tissue. These samples were acquired from primarily untreated, surgically resected primary tumors. The first analysis published with this data was to determine the metabolic signatures between primary tumors and adjacent lung tissue.The associated clinical trial (NCT02095808) includes patients with many kinds of thoracic cancers, including NSCLC and other diseases, such as thymoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, the current dbGaP data is focused on the NSCLCs described in the associated paper.

  Study phs003880

• Multi-Omics Study of Lung Cancer in Smokers From EAGLE

  EAGLE (Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology) is a population-based case-control study examining the full spectrum of lung cancer etiology from smoking initiation, smoking dependency to lung cancer development and outcome. It combines a traditional molecular epidemiology design with more integrative approaches by examining epidemiological, molecular, and clinical data together. To comprehensively investigate the effect of tobacco smoking behaviors on genomic or epigenomic alterations, we performed a multi-omics study including whole-genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic profiles in a total of 221 individuals from the EAGLE study.

  Study phs002992

• Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF) Consortium

  The IGVF (Impact of Genomic Variation on Function) Consortium aims to understand how genomic variation affects genome function, which in turn impacts phenotype. The NHGRI is funding this collaborative program that brings together teams of investigators who will use state-of-the-art experimental and computational approaches to model, predict, characterize and map genome function, how genome function shapes phenotype, and how these processes are affected by genomic variation. These joint efforts will produce a catalog of the impact of genomic variants on genome function and phenotypes.

  Study phs003472

• High Resolution Analysis of Spatial Interactions of Hundreds of Promoters in HeLa Cells

  In this study we developed a new hybridisation-based promoter Capture-C protocol that makes use of biotinylated dsDNA probes and allows high-resolution promoter interactome description. Experiments aimed to describe spatial interactions of set of 861 promoters were performed in HeLa cells. We have found that enrichment efficiency and quality of final libraries in our study is on a par with established promoter Capture-C protocols. Meanwhile, our version of the probe preparation protocol is reasonably simple and makes Capture-C experiments more affordable and flexible.

  Study phs002014

• Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis (Xenium in situ) of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

  Lung LCNEC (Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma) has a poor prognosis, and no effective treatment has yet been established. We have discovered that LCNEC exhibits highly heterogeneous distribution of proteins such as neuroendocrine markers and YAP1 within the tumor. We hypothesize that this heterogeneity may be responsible for the variability in chemotherapy effectiveness and treatment resistance among LCNEC patients. Therefore, by using Xenium to analyze gene expression in greater detail along with tumor morphology, we aim to identify new characteristics of LCNEC and explore potential treatment strategies.

  Study JGAS000733

• NHLBI TOPMed: African American Sarcoidosis Genetics Resource

  This study aims to comprehensively interrogate the genomes of African American sarcoidosis families. Sarcoidosis is characterized by a hyperimmune response resulting in granuloma formation in multiple organs. It affects African Americans (AAs) more frequently and more severely than whites. While previous linkage, admixture, candidate gene and genome-wide association (GWA) studies show statistically compelling effects, causal variants are still unknown and much of sarcoidosis heritability is yet to be explained. This "missing" heritability likely includes effects of both common (minor allele frequency (MAF)>5%) and rare variants (MAF

  Study phs001207

• Androgen activity in the normal male embryonic hindbrain drives lethal PFA ependymoma

  PFA ependymoma is an unusual infantile brain tumor with few somatic mutations, thought to be driven by epigenetic mechanisms. PFA ependymomas have a markedly higher incidence, and a worse prognosis in males as compared to female infants. Here we show that the cellular hierarchy of male PFA is less differentiated than female PFA. Androgen supplementation promotes the growth of PFA ependymoma. We conclude that androgen signaling in both the normal developing hindbrain, and PFA ependymoma are both necessary and sufficient to promote growth and delay differentiation.

  Study EGAS50000000507

• ARID1A Mutations in Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Carcinomas

  We have sequenced the whole transcriptomes of 18 ovarian clear-cell carcinomas and 1 ovarian clear-cell carcinoma cell line and found somatic mutations in ARID1A (the AT-rich interactive domain 1A [SWI-like] gene) in 6 of the samples. ARID1A encodes BAF250a, a key component of the SWI–SNF chromatin remodeling complex. We sequenced ARID1A in an additional 210 ovarian carcinomas and a second ovarian clear-cell carcinoma cell line and measured BAF250a expression by means of immunohistochemical analysis in an additional 455 ovarian carcinomas

  Study EGAS00000000075

• Single cell transcriptome sequencing of the developing human embryonic meninges

  There are no effective medical therapies for meningiomas, partly due to our limited understanding of their cellular origin and composition For this purpose, we generated data to make a comprehensive reference single cell and spatial transcriptomic atlas of human fetal meninges. Samples of meninges from human embryos of post-conceptional week (PCW) 5.0-13.0 were dissected and subject to 10Xgenomics chromium single cell RNA sequencing with the purpose of identifying cell types and gene expression programs for normal meninges development, Furthermore, this dataset should help discover cells of origin for meningiomas.

  Study EGAS50000000980

• A tumor focused approach to resolving the etiology of DNA mismatch repair deficient tumors classified as suspected Lynch syndrome

  Routine screening of tumors for DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency (dMMR) in colorectal (CRC), endometrial (EC) and sebaceous skin (SST) tumors leads to a significant proportion of unresolved cases classified as suspected Lynch syndrome (SLS). A tumor-focused testing approach reclassified 86.9% of SLS into Lynch syndrome, sporadic dMMR or MMR-proficient cases. These findings support the incorporation of tumor sequencing and alternate MLH1 methylation assays into clinical diagnostics to reduce the number of SLS patients and provide more appropriate surveillance and screening recommendations.

  Study EGAS50000000021