22938 results for "ega"

in 785.04 milliseconds.

• WES sequencing of metastatic colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts with known response to irinotecan.

  Chemotherapy is the standard-of-care treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and benefits some patients, but what distinguishes responders from non-responders is unclear. In this study, we expand a pre-existing collection (https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-24-0556) of molecularly annotated patient-derived xenografts to uncover functional predictors of response to 5-FU and irinotecan combination therapy (FOLFIRI) in mCRC. We complemented previous mutational profiles with whole exome sequencing for 46 xenografts with known response to irinotecan.

  Study EGAS50000001484

• Bulk RNA sequencing of metastatic colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts with known response to irinotecan

  Chemotherapy is the standard-of-care treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and benefits some patients, but what distinguishes responders from non-responders is unclear. In this study, we expand a pre-existing collection (https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-24-0556) of molecularly annotated patient-derived xenografts to uncover functional predictors of response to 5-FU and irinotecan combination therapy (FOLFIRI) in mCRC. We complemented previous expression profiles with bulk RNAseq for 38 xenografts with known response to irinotecan.

  Study EGAS50000001485

• Spatial Profiling of Patient-Matched HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer Reveals Resistance Mechanisms to Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Sequencing

  HER2-positive gastric cancer (HER2+ GC) exhibits significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity and frequent development of resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. This study aimed to characterize the spatial tumor microenvironment (TME) and identify mechanisms of resistance to HER2 blockade including trastuzumab and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2+ GC, with the goal of informing novel therapeutic strategies. We performed spatial transcriptomics on pre- and post-treatment samples from patients with HER2+ metastatic GC who received trastuzumab-based therapy.

  Study EGAS50000000636

• Immune Biomarkers in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

  Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a heterogeneous disease in which molecular stratification is needed to improve clinical outcomes. The identification of predictive biomarkers can have a major impact on the care of these patients, but the availability of metastatic tissue samples for research in this setting is limited. Objective: To study the prevalence of immune biomarkers of potential clinical utility to immunotherapy in mCRPC by tumour RNA sequencing, and to determine their association with overall survival (OS).

  Study EGAS50000001269

• Variability in immune response genes and prediction of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (INMUNGEN-Cov2 project)

  Genetic factors may contribute to explain the variable clinical response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. To this end we sequenced the DNA of 392 COVID-19 patients from Spain. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed at two different sequencing centers. Half of the samples were sequenced at a commercial service, NIMGenetics, whereas the other half were sequenced by the EASI-Genomics consortium. Finally, Variant Call Format (VCF) files for each sample was also obtained.

  Study EGAS50000000066

• A 3D genome atlas of breast cancer progression (BRCA3D)

  In this study, we aimed to understand how the 3D genome changes during breast cancer development and progression, in situ. Towards this goal, we collected cells from patient biopsies and performed Hi-C on four types of biopsies representing different stages of disease progression: healthy mammary tissue, primary breast tumours, liver metastasis and malignant pleural effusions. We survey the changes in the 3D genomes at the level of structural variation, compartments and TADs, as well as ERα associated distal interactions.

  Study EGAS50000000444

• snRNA and snATAC analysis of cocaine use disorder in human caudate nucleus

  We investigated cell type specific changes of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the caudate nucleus of N=6 individuals with and N=8 individuals without cocaine use disorder using postmortem human brain samples. We performed single-nuclei RNA-sequencing and single-nuclei ATAC sequencing in the same cells using the 10xMultiome platform. The N=14 tissue donors were of African-American ancestry. The cohort consists of N=5 female and N=9 male individuals.

  Study EGAS50000000480

• ERDERA Diagnostic Research Workstream - WES reanalysis (distributed approach)

  The ERDERA Diagnostic Research Workstream – WES reanalysis (distributed approach) aims to improve diagnostic yield by systematically reanalyzing existing whole exome sequencing (WES) data from rare disease cases. The goal is to apply updated bioinformatics pipelines, novel variant interpretation tools, and the latest reference databases to detect clinically relevant variants that may have been missed in earlier analyses. By using a distributed approach across multiple expert groups, the project fosters collaborative interpretation and knowledge sharing to enhance diagnostic outcomes for patients.

  Study EGAS50000001514

• IMMUcan Upstream SCCHN3 cohort

  The goal of IMMUcan is to understand how the immune system interacts with tumors and how therapeutic interventions influence this interaction. This cohort includes patients from the UPSTREAM trial, with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cancer which has spread (metastatic) or the tumour has come back after previous treatment (recurrent). Comprehensive profiling data are integrated with longitudinally collected clinical information. Cellular profiling of the same tumor samples was performed using multiplex immunofluorescence imaging, imaging mass cytometry, and H&E staining.

  Study EGAS50000001505

• Immune activation in the tumor microenvironment of renal cell carcinoma

  Study describes immunological responses to immunotherapy (anti-PD-1, pembrolizumab) and targeted therapy (VEGFR inhibition, axitinib) as well as anti-CD3/CD28/CD2 (Immunocult) in a patient-derived ex vivo tumor model of renal cell carcinoma. Patient-derived ex vivo tumor models were established and their treatment response studied using material from eight renal cell carcinoma patients. Samples were collected under informed consent in HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. The study aims to understand immunological treatment responses in the patient tumor microenvironment.

  Study EGAS50000001349

• RNAseq of 704 patients with soft tissue tumors

  The dataset contains transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 704 soft tissue tumors (STT) from 704 patients. The sequencing data comes in FASTQ format and contains 1408 files. A total of 56 different STT types were included in the present study and each tumor type was represented by >2 samples. The vast majority of the patients had been diagnosed and treated at the sarcoma centers in Lund (Sweden) or Stockholm (Sweden) during the period 1988-2020, but also a few samples from other centers, obtained through previous collaborative projects, were included. RNA was extracted from fresh frozen tumor material and samples were primary lesions unless otherwise indicated. The sequencing was performed using 2x150 bp paired-end chemistry on a series of Illumina instruments at various facilities during the period 2013-2023.Samples were obtained after informed consent from the patients and the study was approved by the regional ethics committee (Etikprövningsmyndigheten, Uppsala, dnr 2023-01550-01, dnr 2025-02997-02).

  Dataset EGAD50000002120

• ATAC-seq iPSC cells or smNPC cells for allelic imbalance

  In order to confirm the predicted impact of the PD-associated allele of rs144814361 on BAG3 promoter, we proceeded with genome editing of the TH-REP1 cell line by using prime editing to insert the “T” allele at the position chr10:119651405 in the BAG3 promoter. 3 replicates for each condition: 1) iPSC Wild Type 2) SNP-BAG3 variant in iPSC 3) SNP-BAG3 variant in smNPC. Allelic imbalance is further assessed using read counting at this specific position.

  Study EGAS50000001579

• Access to "A Spatially Resolved Single-Cell Atlas of the Human Fetal Olfactory System"

  The human nasal region arises from neural crest and placodal lineages, yet its early development remains poorly understood owing to limited fetal tissue access and structural complexity. Here we present an integrated single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomic atlas of the human fetal nasal region, generated from 10 fetuses (males and females) between 7 and 12 post-conceptional weeks. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing resolved 32 distinct cell types, while integration with multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) enabled spatial and temporal mapping of gene expression dynamics across the olfactory epithelium (OE) and adjacent tissues. We identify novel markers of olfactory sensory neuron differentiation and pathways governing epithelial patterning and OE morphogenesis. Notably, spatially organized expression of 169 olfactory receptor genes reveals molecular evidence for the “one neuron-one receptor” principle during the first trimester. Together, this work establishes the first molecular and spatial framework of early human olfactory development and provides a foundational resource for studies of sensory neurogenesis and congenital disorders.

  Dac EGAC50000000688

• IMMUcan SCCHN1 cohort

  The goal of IMMUcan is to understand how the immune system interacts with tumors and how therapeutic interventions influence this interaction. This cohort includes patients with confirmed locally recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who receive first-line treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or ICI combined with chemotherapy. Comprehensive profiling data are integrated with longitudinally collected clinical information. Cellular profiling of the same tumor samples was performed using multiplex immunofluorescence imaging, imaging mass cytometry, and H&E staining.

  Study EGAS50000001533

• Insights into Adult Gut Microbiota Composition Using the Estonian Cohort

  This study explores the gut microbiota of 1,826 adult individuals, predominantly from the Estonian population. The cohort includes 16S rRNA gene V4 region amplicon sequencing data along with metadata, such as age, sex, health status, anthropometric parameters, and stool consistency. The research aims to characterise the microbial community structure, identify distinct enterotypes, and examine their associations with host characteristics. The dataset provides a valuable reference for understanding gut microbiota composition and supports research in personalised nutrition and lifestyle-related health strategies.

  Study EGAS50000001611

• Transcriptome analysis of human iPSC-derived microglia in a novel human 3D cortical tissue model

  scRNA-seq analysis of human iPSC-derived microglia in a novel, human in vitro 3D cortical tissue model. Samples include three distinct conditions (each as biological duplicates): wild-type microglia extracted from cultures after 1 month (WT_1mo) and 3 months (WT_3mo) of culturing, as well as knock-in microglia extracted from cultures carrying three familial AD mutations in the APP gene (Swedish, Iberian, Arctic; introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in) after 3 months of culturing (KI_3mo).

  Study EGAS50000000469

• scRNA-seq of a 3D human cortical tissue model from human iPSCs exploring WT versus APP KI genotypes as well as Abeta/Aducanumab treatments

  Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human iPSC-derived microglia/astrocytes/neurons in a novel, human in vitro 3D cortical tissue model across cell lines, distinct genotypes (WT and APP KI) and in presence of Abeta/Aducanumab treatments. Samples include distinct conditions as described in the Study section. The dataset was generated using the BD Rhapsody technology and sequenced paired-end with Illumina NovaSeqX. Information on the multiplexing of samples is reported in the Analyses section.

  Study EGAS50000001397

• Melanoma_TIL_Study_Exomes

  In this study, mutations present in a series of human melanomas (stage IV disease) will be determined, using autologous blood cells to obtain a reference genome. From each of teh samples that are analyzed, tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes have also been isolated. This offers a unique opportunity to determine which (fraction of) mutations in human cancer leads to epitopes that are recognized by T cells. The resulting information is likely to be of value to understand how T cell activating drugs exert their action.

  Study EGAS00001000216

• Investigating genetic susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease in Oceania

  This case-control study investigated susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease in over 3,000 individuals recruited across eight Oceanian countries. Cases were patients with rheumatic heart disease and controls were members of the general population. In addition to the Illumina HumanCore-24 BeadChip genotyping, a subset of 128 samples were analysed using the higher density Illumina HumanOmniExpressExome BeadChip of which 64 were also analysed using low coverage sequencing with the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform.

  Study EGAS00001001881

• Exome_sequencing_of_Congenital_Heart_Disease_families_Leuven

  This project aims to study at least 90 exomes from families with congenital heart disease. The samples have been selected in Leuven in collaboration with Koen Devriendt. Ethic approval has been sought for in Leuven, Belgium and a HDMMC agreement for submitting these samples is in place at the WTSI. The phenotype we wil primarily focus our analysis is severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstructions (LVOTO) and Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD). The indexed Agilent whole exome pulldown libraries will be sequenced on 75bp PE HiSeq (Illumina).

  Study EGAS00001000185

• Whole_genome_sequence_of__third_generation_family_member__SFHS_

  Previously we performed deep WGS on 6 parents and 13 children from 3 large families from the Scottish Family Health Study to identify de novo mutations. This prelim is cover the additional sequencing of one grandchild from one of these three families. The inclusion of a third generation individual will provide additional experimental validation for the de novo mutations found in the initial trio. As in the previous study, the DNA will be WGS to a depth of approximately 25X to achieve this purpose.

  Study EGAS00001000429

• Barcelona_kids_with_melanoma

  This set of samples is composed of eight young people (7-16 years old) that have developed melanoma with first-degree relatives that have also developed cancer, which suggests a genetic component to their disease. Here we want to sequence these samples in order to find the causative mutations. As these samples do not carry any of the high-penetrance mutations known to date, finding the genes(s) responsible will offer new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying predisposition to melanoma.

  Study EGAS00001000733

• AML_targeted_resequencing_study

  Genomic libraries will be generated from whole genome amplified genomic DNA derived from 3,000 myeloid neoplasms. Targeted capture will be performed by multiplexing 16 barcoded samples in each library. Pools of 96 DNA samples will be subjected to 1-2 lanes of HiSeq 75bp sequencing. Reads will be mapped to the current build of the human reference genome to facilitate the generation of a comprehensive catalog of somatic mutations associated with 116 known myeloid and cancer driver genes.

  Study EGAS00001000275

• MeDALL epigenetics study

  MeDALL- (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy) is a collaborative project supported by the European Union under the Health Cooperation Work Programme of the 7th Framework programme (grant agreement number 261357).MeDALL epigenetics study includes illumina 450k methylation measurements from 4 cohorts: Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA), Etudes des Déterminants pré et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l’ENfant (EDEN), Children’s Allergy Environment Stockholm Epidemiology study(BAMSE), and Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA)

  Study EGAS00001002169

• Targeted sequencing of brain expressed miRNA genes

  As regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) are likely to play an important role in the development of disease. In this study we present a large-scale strategy to identify miRNAs with a role in the regulation of neuronal processes by screening 289 brain expressed miRNAs. Thereby we found variant rs7861254 located near the MIR204 gene to be significantly associated with schizophrenia. This variant resulted in reduced expression of miR-204 in neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells.

  Study EGAS00001001607

• Sequencing of serial plasma and multiregional tumor samples in a patient with metastatic breast cancer

  Circulating tumor DNA analysis can be used to track tumor burden and analyze cancer genomes non-invasively but the extent to which it represents metastatic heterogeneity is unknown. Here, we follow a patient with metastatic ER and HER2 positive breast cancer receiving two lines of targeted therapy over 3 years. We characterize genomic architecture and infer clonal evolution in 8 tumor biopsies and 9 plasma samples collected over 1,193 days of clinical follow-up using exome and targeted amplicon sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001001466

• Genetic landscape of relapsed DLBCL

  Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a heterogenous malignancy that can arise de novo or can result from histologic transformation from indolent lymphomas. Considerable sequencing effort has been placed on determining the mutations that are common at the time of diagnosis in DLBCL but little is known about the nature of relapsed disease. We have sequenced tumour and matched normal exomes of 38 rrDLBCL patients including 25 de novo DLBCLs and 13 transformed lymphomas to identify somatic mutations and copy number alterations associated with relapse.

  Study EGAS00001001553

• Fixative optimisation study for BRITROC project

  The British Translational Research Ovarian Cancer Collaborative (BriTROC), spanning more than 10 centres across UK, is a prospective observational project focused on relapsed high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The first study, as a part of the project, is the Fixative optimisation study, which analyses the utility for next-generation sequencing of UMFIX samples compared to NBF-fixed and fresh frozen samples. Various DNA and sequencing quality analyses were performed to compare fixation methods in bulk tumour and biopsy samples.

  Study EGAS00001001433

• Exome_Sequencing__to_Identify_Causes_of_Leukaemia_Predisposing_Congenital_Neutropenias

  The objective of this study is to identify the causative genes in two unrelated congenital neutropenia families. We aim to whole exome sequence the affected individuals, unaffected siblings and parents in both cases in an effort to idenitfy the causative genetic mutation. Exome capture will be performed using Agilent SureSelect system. Subsequently, exome libraries will sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Sequence variant calling will be done in house and common variants excluded using public databases and data from unaffected family members.

  Study EGAS00001000100

• Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type, displays frequent inactivating germline and somatic mutations in SMARCA4

  Small cell carcinoma of the ovary of hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is an extremely rare, aggressive cancer affecting children and young women. We identified germline and somatic inactivating mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling gene SMARCA4 in 75% (9/12) of SCCOHT patients in addition to SMARCA4 protein loss in 82% (14/17) of SCCOHT tumors, but in only 0.4% (2/485) of other primary ovarian tumors. These data implicate SMARCA4 in SCCOHT oncogenesis.

  Study EGAS00001000714

• Next generation sequencing of sporadic schwannomatosis samples

  Schwannomatosis (MIM #162091) is characterized by the development of multiple schwannomas without vestibular nerve involvement (which is a characteristic of neurofibromatosis type 2 - NF2). In an effort to detect novel genetic alterations predisposing to schwannomatosis, we sequenced eight tumor-blood DNA pairs from de novo schwannomatosis patients. The results of our study are present in the paper "Whole exome sequencing reveals that the majority of schwannomatosis cases remain unexplained after excluding SMARCB1 and LZTR1 germline variants" published in Acta Neuropathologica (PMID:25008767)

  Study EGAS00001000767

• RNAseq___Discovery_of_resistance_mechanisms_to_the_BRAF_inhibitor_vemurafenib_in_metastatic_BRAF_mutant_melanoma

  We propose to biopsy 20 consented BRAF mutant melanoma patients at Addenbrooke's Hospital pre-treatment with vemurafenib and also upon the development of resistant disease, with the aim of using exome sequence and SNP6 data to identify novel sequence variants and copy number alterations that can be used to validate observed resistance mechanisms in our cell line models and also to use these models to inform as to likely candidate small molecule inhibitors to overcome resistance and that could be tested in the clinical trial setting.

  Study EGAS00001000813

• Genome-wide association study of response to warfarin in a UK prospective cohort

  Genome-wide association study of Warfarin dosing in 714 British, recruited in Liverpool and Birmingham. Three phenotypes were investigated: warfarin mean dose, warfarin mean stable dose, and INR over 4 during first week of treatment. Stability was defined by at least three INR measurements within target in a three week period. The samples were genotyped on the Illumina 610K chip and imputed using Impute v2.1, with a combined filtered set composed of HapMap 3 release 2 and 1000 genomes pilot 1 CEU.

  Study EGAS00001001130

• TERT rearrangements are frequent in neuroblastoma and identify aggressive tumors

  Whole genome sequencing detected structural rearrangements of TERT in 17/75 high stage neuroblastoma with 5 cases resulting from chromothripsis. Rearrangements were associated with increased TERT expression and targeted immediate up- and down-stream regions of TERT, placing in 7 cases a super-enhancer close to the breakpoints. TERT rearrangements (23%), ATRX deletions (11%) and MYCN amplifications (37%) identify three almost non-overlapping groups of high stage neuroblastoma, each associated with very poor prognosis. This submission contains all newly sequenced samples only.

  Study EGAS00001001479

• Identification_of_low_frequency_variants_associated_with_ulcerative_colitis_using_whole_genome_sequencing

  2000 ulcerative colitis cases drawn from the UKIBD Genetics Consortium cohort and whole-genome sequenced at 2X depth. A case control association study using control samples whole-genome sequenced by UK10K will be undertaken to identify common, low-frequency and rare variants associated with ulcerative colitis. Data will be combined with similar data across 3000 Crohn's disease cases from the same cohort to identify inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) loci and better understand the genetic differences and similarities of the two common forms of IBD.

  Study EGAS00001000329

• Clonal_expansion_of_mutated_cell_population_in_bladder_urothelium_

  1cm biospies of from patients undergoing bladder cystectomy will be collected. The underlying muscle and stroma will be removed and the remaining epithelia dissected into small sequential areas which will be sent for ultra-deep exome sequencing using a panel of known cancer and viral genes. Sequence analysis using similar methods to Martincorena I et al (Science 2015, 348:880) will provide an idea of the somatic mutational landscape in these patient samples. Individual patient muscle samples will also be sequenced as a reference.

  Study EGAS00001001687

• Exome_sequencing_in_patients_with_Calcific_Aortic_Valve_Stenosis

  The objective is to identify new genes involved in calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) by screening the exome of at least 20 patients with familial CAVS. The recruitment of patients with CAVS has been achieved by l’institut du thorax (Nantes, France). DNA from the selected patients has been analysed by exome capture (Agilent SureSelect) and massively parallel sequencing (Illumina). The data generated by this project will lead to the identification of candidate genes involved in CAVS, which can be further screened for mutation in additional patients with CAVS.

  Study EGAS00001000049

• Discovery_of_resistance_mechanisms_to_the_BRAF_inhibitor_vemurafenib_in_metastatic_BRAF_mutant_melanoma

  We propose to biopsy 20 consented BRAF mutant melanoma patients at Addenbrooke's Hospital pre-treatment with vemurafenib and also upon the development of resistant disease, with the aim of using exome sequence and SNP6 data to identify novel sequence variants and copy number alterations that can be used to validate observed resistance mechanisms in our cell line models and also to use these models to inform as to likely candidate small molecule inhibitors to overcome resistance and that could be tested in the clinical trial setting.

  Study EGAS00001000812

• Deep RNA sequencing in CLL

  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell neoplasm with a heterogeneous clinical and biological behavior. We have performed deep RNA sequencing in different subpopulations of B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals and CLL cells from a cohort of 98 patients, and characterized the CLL transcriptional landscape with unprecedented resolution. The transcriptomic architecture of CLL uncovered here refines the biological characterization of the disease and opens new perspectives for the clinical management of patients.

  Study EGAS00001000374

• Genetic_background_for_the_major_psychiatric_disorders_in_the_general_Finnish_population

  Low coverage (4-6x) sequencing on samples from population cohorts (Finrisk, Health2000) will be done at Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) using Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology. We will produce 100bp paired end reads. Variants will be called using the 1000 Genomes Project pipeline. The samples have been selected from a national representative set of 8028 samples from persons of 30 years or older, which were screened for psychotic and bipolar disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, self-reported diagnoses, medical examination, and national registers.

  Study EGAS00001000162

• Assessment_of_genetic_and_epigenetic_variation_in_human_IPS_cells

  In order to progress human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) towards the clinic, several outstanding questions must be addressed. It is possible to reprogram different somatic cell types into hiPSCs but it is unclear whether some cell types carry through fewer mutations through reprogramming (either due to mutations present in the primary cells, or mutations accumulated during reprogramming). Through in depth analysis of hiPSCs generated from different somatic cells, it will be possible to assess the variation in genetic stability of different cell types.

  Study EGAS00001000231

• Melanoma_Til_Study_RNAseq

  In this study, mutations present in a series of human melanomas (stage IV disease) will be determined, using autologous blood cells to obtain a reference genome. From each of the samples that are analyzed, tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes have also been isolated. This offers a unique opportunity to determine which (fraction of) mutations in human cancer leads to epitopes that are recognized by T cells. The resulting information is likely to be of value to understand how T cell activating drugs exert their action.

  Study EGAS00001000251

• Location specific ACVR1, FGFR1 and TP53 mutations in pediatric glioblastomas in conjunction with H3.3 K27M.

  Recurrent somatic H3 K27M mutations characterize midline pediatric high-grade astrocytomas (pHGAs). In 40 treatment-naïve midline pHGAs we find additional somatic mutations specific to tumor location. Gain-of-function mutations in ACVR1 occur in tumors of the pons in conjunction with H3.1K27M, while FGFR1 mutations/fusions occur in thalamic tumors in conjunction with H3.3 K27M. Genetic profiles of pHGA show actionable targets, suggesting that pre-treatment biopsy could effectively orient therapeutic efforts.

  Study EGAS00001000720

• BLUEPRINT Bisulfite-seq (CNAG)

  Bisulfite-Seq

  Study EGAS00001000418

• Egypt_Genome_Project___high_coverage_whole_genome_sequencing

  All humans outside Africa are descendants of the same single exit, usually dated at 50-70 thousand years ago. However, the route taken out of Africa is still debated. The two main candidates are a northern route via Egypt and the Levant, or a southern route via Ethiopia and the Arabian Peninsula. We are generating genetic data to evaluate these two possibilities. In this study we propose to generate high-coverage sequencing data for 3 Egyptian samples.

  Study EGAS00001000482

• Assessment_of_genetic_and_epigenetic_variation_in_human_IPS_cells

  In order to progress human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) towards the clinic, several outstanding questions must be addressed. It is possible to reprogram different somatic cell types into hiPSCs but it is unlcear whether some cell types carry through fewer mutations through reprogramming (either due to mutations present in the primary cells, or mutations accumulated during reprogramming). Through in depth analysis of hiPSCs generated from different somatic cells, it will be possible to assess the variation in genetic stability of different cell types.

  Study EGAS00001000492

• MYD88/TLR mutations in CLL

  The Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Genome Project aims to identify genetic alterations involved in the development and progression of the CLL, which are still unknown, with the objective of generating a comprehensive catalogue of genetic alterations in 500 independent tumours. The CLL Genome Project, as a contributing member of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), has the purposes of creating diagnostic tools, discovering therapeutic targets and developing new strategies that will allow a customized therapy for CLL in order to make it more precise and effective.

  Study EGAS00001000772

• Targeted_sequencing_of_genes_recurrently_mutated_in_AML___part2

  Genomic libraries will be generated from total genomic DNA derived from 4000 samples with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Libraries will be enriched for a selected panel of genes using a bespoke pulldown protocol. 64 Samples will be individually barcoded and subjected to up to one lanes of Illumina HiSeq. Paired reads will be mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the characterisation of known gene mutations in cancer as well as the validation of potentially novel variants identified by prior exome sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001000570

• Neuromics / RD-Connect - Huntington's disease

  This study contains omics datasets from the Neuromics project (www.rd-neuromics.eu) on rare neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Data includes BAM and VCF files from whole-exome sequencing and standardised phenotypic data mapped to the human phenotype ontology (HPO). In some cases proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic data may also be available. This study groups together datasets from individuals with a Huntington's disease phenotype and also includes some unaffected family members. Search under the Neuromics name to find related studies for other neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders.

  Study EGAS00001000698

• A Comparative Analysis of Algorithms for Somatic SNV Detection in Cancer

  Four recently published algorithms for the detection of somatic SNV sites in matched cancer-normal sequencing datasets are VarScan, SomaticSniper, JointSNVMix and Strelka. In this analysis, we apply these four SNV calling algorithms to cancer- normal Illumina exome sequencing of a chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patient. The candidate SNV sites returned by each algorithm are filtered to remove likely false positives, then characterised and compared to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of each SNV calling algorithm.

  Study EGAS00001000927

• Amplicon_based_sequencing_of_drug_resistant_organoids

  A BRAF V600E colorectal organoid which is sensitive to MAP kinase inhibition was mutagenised with the chemical mutagen ENU and then drug selected using a combination of Trametinib, Dabrafenib and Cetuximab. Single cell derived organoids were then manually picked and expanded in drug. Resistance was confirmed in a 14 day assay and DNA was collected. These then underwent targeted amplicon-based sequencing to confirm candidate resistance effectors from a screen in 2 2D BRAF V600E colorectal cell lines. Pools of resistant clones were also sequenced.

  Study EGAS00001001639

• Multi-omics analysis of primary glioblastoma cell-lines shows recapitulation of pivotal molecular features of parental tumors

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest primary brain cancer in adults. Emerging innovative therapies hold promise for personalized cancer treatment. Improving therapeutic options depends on research relying on relevant preclinical models. In this line we have established in the setting of the GlioTeX project (GBM and experimental therapeutics), a GBM-patient derived cell line library (GBM-PDCL). Multi-OMIC approach was used to determine the molecular landscape of PDCL and the extent to which they represent GBM tumors.

  Study EGAS00001001871

• ENU_LS_411N_TripleTherapy

  BRAF V600E colorectal cancers do not respond to the only currently FDA approved targeted therapy for CRC. There is currently a trial underway in the UK recruiting V600E CRC patients for treatment with a triple therapy combination of Cetuximab, Trametinib and Dabrafenib. We have mutagenized a pool of V600E CRC cell lines and treated with this triple therapy to select out drug resistant clones. We will now sequence these drug resistant clones with the aim of identifying common point mutations engendering resistance to this new therapy.

  Study EGAS00001001777

• Whole genome sequencing of primary and metastatic Melanoma cases in an Australian cohort.

  Melanoma is the fourth most common cancer in Australia and the leading cause of cancer death in young adults. The Australian Melanoma Genome Project (AMGP) is analysing whole genomes from melanomas. We include the results of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for a number of datasets that include cutaneous, acral and mucosal melanoma subtypes.

  Study EGAS00001001552

• Chromosome contacts in activated T cells identify autoimmune disease-candidate genes

  Autoimmune disease-associated DNA variants are preferentially found in regions with putative regulatory function in immune cells, particularly CD4+ T cells. Linking such regulatory elements to gene promoters in disease-relevant cells and contexts is essential to identify disease candidate genes. Here we show that the activation of CD4+ T cells invokes changes in the activity of regulatory elements and transcription of RNAs that correspond to changes in the expression of their interacting genes identified by promoter capture Hi-C (PCHi-C).

  Study EGAS00001001961

• Investigating_the_genetics_of_immunity_against_Salmonella_in_humans

  This study entails whole genome sequencing of an interleukin (IL)-12 b-1 receptor-deficient individual who presented with a chronic systemic Salmonella Enteritidis infection that did not resolve with standard IFNg and antibiotic treatment. Whole genome sequencing of the patient’s parents are also included.This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001664

• Paired exome analysis in urothelial carcinoma

  In this study we characterized genomic alterations in two to five metachronous tumors from 29 patients initially diagnosed with early stage disease. Fourteen patients (32 tumors) had non progressive disease (NPD) and 15 patients (34 tumors) had progressive disease (PD). Whole exome sequencing (WES, ~50x mean read depth), Ultra deep targeted sequencing (~6,809x mean read depth) and whole transcriptome RNA-seq was performed for all samples. In addition multiregional WES was performed on 8 adjacent regions from a single tumor.

  Study EGAS00001001686

• Evolutionary Genome Analysis of Transformation into Small Cell Carcinomas from Lung Adenocarcinomas

  Anecdotal case have been reported lung adenocarcinoma could occasionally transform into small cell carcinoma. Most of the reported cases were EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas that transform into small cell carcinoma during EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. However, some cases also indicate lung adenocarcinomas without EGFR mutation could also transform into small cell carcinomas. Here we investigate this transformation process by whole genome sequencing of transformed small cell carcinomas as well as serially acquired samples of lung adenocarcinoma into small cell carcinomas.

  Study EGAS00001001757

• We performed an integrative analysis to determine genomic aberrations common to sporadic schwannomas.

  Schwannomas are common peripheral nerve sheath tumors that can cause significant debilitating morbidities. We performed an integrative analysis to determine genomic aberrations common to sporadic schwannomas. Exome sequence analysis with validation by targeted DNA-sequencing of 125 samples uncovered, in addition to expected NF2 disruption additional recurrent mutations. RNA sequencing identified a recurrent in-frame SH3PXD2A-HTRA1 fusion in 12/125 (10%) cases, and genomic analysis demonstrated the mechanism as resulting from a balanced 19Mb chromosomal inversion on chromosome 10q.

  Study EGAS00001001886

• Knee_OA_Functional_Genomics

  The aim of this work is to apply an integrated systems approach to understand the biological underpinnings of knee osteoarthritis that culminates in the need for total joint replacement (TJR). This study is a feasibility pilot that integrates functional genomics data from diseased and non-diseased tissues of OA patients who have undergone TJR. For each tissue, we characterised epigenetic marks (methylation), gene transcription (RNASeq) and expression (quantitative proteomics). We also generated genotype data on the HumanCoreExome array for each individual.

  Study EGAS00001001899

• RNA sequencing in blood samples of cluster headache patients

  Cluster headache is a relatively rare headache disorder, typically characterized by multiple daily, short-lasting attacks of excruciating, unilateral (peri-)orbital or temporal pain associated with autonomic symptoms and restlessness. To better understand the pathophysiology of cluster headache, we used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways in whole blood of patients with episodic (n = 19) or chronic (n = 20) cluster headache in comparison with headache-free controls (n = 20). Blood samples were subjected to globin reduction before sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001001918

• A_compendium_of_mutational_signatures_due_to_environmental_exposures

  Analysis of mutational signatures caused by exposure to known mutagens in human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. A reference human iPS cell-line will be exposed to 100 chemicals known or proposed to be mutagenic. Following exposure to mutagen, cells will undergo a period of recovery before sub clones are generated and sequenced. The progenitor “parental” IPS cell-line will be used to generate reference sequence data, in order to determine the mutational signatures acquired as a result of exposure to different mutagens.

  Study EGAS00001002060

• Investigation of mutational signatures associated with DNMT3A deficiency (2019-04-03)

  Mutational signatures have been shown to be attributable to specific genetic contexts, such as mutations in DNA repair genes. DNMT3A is a DNA methyltransferase that helps maintain the DNA methylation pattern in a site-specific manner and may participate in DNA repair or the stress response. We have identified an adult individual who is a germline mosaic for a DNMT3A mutation. We have obtained clonal lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) from the subject representing both WT and mutant lines grown in the same individual for >50 years. These clones represent a unique opportunity to examine the mutational impact of the DNMT3A mutation in a well-controlled setting. Our goal is to perform WGS on whole blood, representing the pool, as well as several WT and several mutant clones, in order to investigate the contribution of DNMT3A to mutation rates and signatures. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-04-03.

  Dataset EGAD00001004889

• Lung cancer organoids addition

  Organoids are self-organizing 3D structures grown from stem cells that recapitulate essential aspects of organ structure and function. Here we describe a method to establish long-term culture conditions of human airway epithelial organoids that contain all major cell populations and allow personalized human disease modelling. We collected macroscopically inconspicuous lung tissue from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing medically indicated surgery and isolated epithelial cells to engineer 3D organoids. We exploit the potential to derive sub-clones from AOs to demonstrate the feasibility of CRISPR gene editing. Finally, we show that AOs readily allow modelling of viral infections such as RSV and for the first time demonstrate the possibility to study neutrophil-epithelium interaction in an organoid model. Taken together, we anticipate that human AOs will find broad applications in the study of adult human airway epithelium in health and disease.

  Dataset EGAD00001004943

• 16S-based fecal microbiota composition

  The dataset reports the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota of donors from the Milieu Intérieur Cohort. The Milieu Intérieur cohort includes a total of 1,000 healthy individuals of western European ancestry, recruited in France as part of the Milieu Intérieur project. To assess their fecal microbiota composition, 16S rRNA profiles were generated from stool samples of 863 of the 1,000 donors. Human stool samples were produced at home no more than 24 hours before the scheduled medical visit and collected in a double-lined sealable bag maintaining strict anaerobic conditions. Upon reception at the clinical site, the fresh stool samples were aliquoted and stored immediately at -80°C. DNA was extracted from stool and barcoding PCR was carried out using indexed primers targeting the V3-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Equal volumes of normalized PCR reaction were pooled and thoroughly mixed. The amplicon libraries were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq.

  Dataset EGAD00001004979

• RNA-seq FASTQ files from newborn screening dried blood spot samples

  Paired-end RNA-seq FASTQ files from 21 newborn screening dried blood spot (DBS) samples. These DBS samples were obtained from extremely low gestional age newborns, where 10 of them were affected by a fetal inflammatory response (FIR) before birth, and 11 were unaffected. Total RNA was sequenced using an Illumina NextSeq-500 instrument. The sample preparation protocol included the depletion of rRNA and globin mRNA using the Globin Zero Gold rRNA Removal Kit from Illumina. Libraries were prepared using the NebNext Ultra TM II Directionl RNA LIbrary Prep Kit (New England Biolabs). Each sample was sequenced in 4 lanes, leading to 8 FASTQ files per sample and a total of 21x8=168 FASTQ files. There is an additional number of 8 FASTQ files corresponding to sample BS13, which was downsampled to 1/4 of its original depth (see BS13_README file for details).

  Dataset EGAD00001004991

• Functional genomics approaches to understand osteoarthritis (2019-08-01)

  The aim of this work is to apply an integrated systems approach to understand the biological underpinnings of large joint (hip and knee) osteoarthritis which culminates in the need for total joint replacement (TJR). We will obtain diseased and non-diseased cartilage as well as other disease-relevant tissue following TJR, coupled with a blood sample. We will generate genotype data and will characterise the pairs of diseased and non-diseased tissue samples in terms of methylation, transcription (RNASeq) and expression (quantitative proteomics). We will apply integrative approaches to combine information across the omics levels to characterise genes, pathways, and networks that underlie osteoarthritis progression. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/ . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2019-08-01.

  Dataset EGAD00001005215

• Conserved interferon-gamma signaling and decreased immune exclusion programs in responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy_CM38-DNA

  We analyzed baseline and on-therapy tumor biopsies from 101 patients with advanced melanoma treated with nivolumab (anti-PD-1) alone or combined with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4). Analysis of whole transcriptome data showed that T cell infiltration and interferon-gamma signaling signatures corresponded most highly with clinical response to therapy, with a reciprocal decrease in cell cycle and WNT signaling pathways in responding biopsies. Clinical outcome differences were likely not due to differential melanoma cell responses to interferon-gamma, as 57 human melanoma cell lines exposed in vitro to this cytokine showed a conserved interferon-gamma transcriptome response unless they had mutations that precluded signaling from the interferon-gamma receptor. Therefore, the magnitude of the antitumor T cell response and the corresponding downstream interferon-gamma signaling are the main drivers of clinical response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001006284

• Profiling molecular heterogeneity in human primary microglia

  In the brain the cells that control inflammation are called a type of white blood cell called microglia. Microglia are located throughout the brain and spinal cord and account for 10–15% of all cells found within the brain. As the resident white blood cells, they are the main active immune defence in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are part of an important class of cells known as macrophages that have two main states: M1 and M2. M1 cells are pro- inflammatory, leading to more inflammation, while M2 are anti-inflammatory, and drive wound healing. In this study, we will collect primary microglia from surgical biospies of 100 individuals. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001005736

• RNAseq data from the study - Molecular patterns of response and treatment failure after frontline venetoclax combinations in older patients with AML

  This study assessed molecular determinants of response in a cohort of patients with AML that were treated with venetoclax in combination with either DNA methyltransferase inhibitors or low dose cytarabine. RNA sequencing was performed on 31 patients from three different response classes [10 Group A - Durable remission (n=10), Group B - Relapsed (n=10) and Group C - Refractory (n=11)]. Library preparation and sequencing was performed at the Australian Genome Research Facility, using the Truseq Stranded mRNA library kit. Technical and batch replicate samples are included. Gene count data are provided with the original publication. The use of the sequencing data is subject to a data transfer agreement and is restricted to ethically approved research into blood cell malignancies and cannot be used to assess germline variants.

  Dataset EGAD00001005949

• Whole genome sequencing in prime-edited human organoids

  We performed whole genome sequencing to detect possible off-target mutations induced by prime editing. Liver organoids, derived from a healthy control, were transfected with either control (GFP) plasmids or prime editing plasmids (GFP+PE2+pegRNA+nickRNA) to induce a 6-bp deletion in CTNNB1. One control and two prime-edited organoid lines were clonally expanded from single cells. High-throughput sequencing was performed on the complete genomic DNA isolated from these clonal lines, as well as the starting culture (bulk). After correction for germline mutations in the starting culture, new mutations in the control and prime-edited lines were compared. The same approach was followed in small intestinal organoids, derived from a patient with disease-causing 3-bp deletion in DGAT1. In these small intestinal organoids, prime editing was used to insert the 3 missing nucleotides. Two corrected clones were compared to one control clone.

  Dataset EGAD00001006352

• BAM files of total RNA-Seq data of POPS control samples (GRCh37)

  Placental biopsies (n = 64 female placentas, n = 67 male placentas) were selected from healthy pregnancies from the POPs cohort. A quality control process was also applied for the RNA-Seq datasets: reads were trimmed with Trim Galore!, which uses cutadapt internally and were mapped to the same version of human genome reference (hg19). TopHat2, a splice-aware mapper built on top of Bowtie2 short-read aligner, was used in the mapping process in which so-called two-pass (or two-scan) alignment protocol was applied to rescue unmapped reads from the initial mapping step. In the second mapping, previously unmapped reads were re-aligned to the exon-intron junctions detected in the first-mapping by TopHat2 and were combined across all 131 placenta samples. The initial and second mapped reads were merged by samtools

  Dataset EGAD00001003462

• RNA-Seq dataset for Genomic rearrangements in Pediatric Cancer

  RNA-Seq data for systematic gene fusion detection in Pediatric Cancer

  Dataset EGAD00001008152

• Smart-seq 2 single cell sequencing of CD4 and CD8 T cells from the blood and synovial fluid of 4 psoriatic arthritis patients.

  This dataset was used to characterise T cell gene expression and clonality at sites of active inflammation within the joints of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients, and to compare these results with T cells from the peripheral blood of those same patients. Freshly sorted CD45RA negative CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ single cells from four patients were individually flow sorted into 96-well full-skirted plates (Eppendorf) containing 10µL of a 2% Dithiothreitol (DTT, 2M Sigma-Aldrich), RTL lysis buffer (Qiagen) solution. Cell lysates were sealed, mixed and spun down before storing at -80 ºC. Paired-end multiplexed sequencing libraries were prepared following the Smart-seq 2 protocol using the Nextera XT DNA library prep kit (Illumina). A pool of barcoded libraries from four different plates were sequenced across two lanes on the Illumina HiSeq 2500.

  Dataset EGAD00001006342

• Combinatorial CRISPR screen identifies fitness effects of paralogues FAM50A and FAM50B

  Genetic redundancy has evolved as a way for human cells to survive the loss of genes that are single copy and essential in other organisms, but also allows tumours to survive despite having highly rearranged genomes. In this study we CRISPR screen 1,191 gene pairs, including paralogues and known and predicted synthetic lethal interactions to identify 105 gene combinations whose co-disruption results in a loss of cellular fitness. 27 pairs influence fitness across multiple cell lines including the paralogues FAM50A/FAM50B, two genes of unknown function. Silencing of FAM50B occurs across a range of tumour types and in this context disruption of FAM50A reduces cellular fitness whilst promoting micronucleus formation and extensive perturbation of transcriptional programmes. This dataset includes CRISPR screening of cancer cell lines, RNA sequencing studies of cancer cell lines and also data from the sequencing of tumour xenografts collected from mice.

  Dataset EGAD00001006649

• The mutational landscape of human somatic and germline cells

  During the course of a lifetime normal human cells accumulate mutations. Here, using multiple samples from the same individuals we compared the mutational landscape in 29 anatomical structures from soma and the germline. Two ubiquitous mutational signatures, SBS1 and SBS5/40, accounted for the majority of acquired mutations in most cell types but their absolute and relative contributions varied substantially. SBS18, potentially reflecting oxidative damage, and several additional signatures attributed to exogenous and endogenous exposures contributed mutations to subsets of cell types. The mutation rate was lowest in spermatogonia, the stem cell from which sperm are generated and from which most genetic variation in the human population is thought to originate. This was due to low rates of ubiquitous mutation processes and may be partially attributable to a low cell division rate of basal spermatogonia. The results provide important insights into how mutational processes affect the soma and germline.

  Dataset EGAD00001006642

• Whole-genome sequences of single-cell derived clonal samples and bulk blood samples from human

  Human single cells were clonally expanded by culture and whole-genome sequenced. This dataset includes 334 clonal samples and 7 blood bulks from seven individuals (DB2, DB3, DB5, DB6, DB8, DB9, DB10). We extracted genomic DNA materials from clonally expanded cells and matched peripheral blood using DNeasy Blood and Tissue kits (Qiagen) according to the protocol. DNA libraries for WGS were generated by an Accel-NGS 2S Plus DNA Library Kit (Swift Biosciences) from 1 µg of genomic DNA materials. WGS was performed on either the Illumina HiSeq X platform or the NovaSeq 6000 platform to generate mean coverage of 25.2X for 374 clonally expanded cells and 94.8X for 7 matched blood tissues.

  Dataset EGAD00001007032

• OSTEOMICS_RNA

  RNA sequencing of 79 libraries were prepared, from sample of Osteosarcoma tumors biopsied at diagnosis, with TruSeq Stranded mRNA kit following recommendations: the key steps consist of PolyA mRNA capture with oligo dT beads using 1µg total RNA, fragmentation to approximately 400pb, DNA double strand synthesis, and ligation of Illumina adaptors amplification of the library by PCR for sequencing. Libraries sequencing was performed using Illumina sequencers (NextSeq 500 or Hiseq 2000/2500/4000) in 75 bp paired-end mode.

  Dataset EGAD00001008213

• Methylation and nucleosome occupancy studies on cell-free DNA using enzymatic cytosine conversion

  Raw sequencing data (PE, fastq.gz) from NovaSeq 6000 sequencing runs of: 1. Blood-derived cell-free DNA from six healthy controls, enzymatic cytosine conversion (between 1 and 3 replicates each) 2. Urine-derived cell-free DNA from three healthy controls, enzymatic cytosine conversion (between 1 and 3 replicates each) 3. Blood-derived cell-free DNA from six patients with acute or chronic kidney disease with/without other relevant organ dysfunction, enzymatic cytosine conversion (between 1 and 3 replicates each) 4. Urine-derived cell-free DNA from three patients with acute kidney disease, enzymatic cytosine conversion (between 1 and 3 replicates each) 5. Blood-derived cell-free DNA from three healthy controls, bisulfite cytosine conversion (single datasets) 6. Conventional whole-genome sequencing on genomic DNA of two healthy kidney donors for two of the studied patients (single datasets).

  Dataset EGAD00001006072

• RNAseq SCLC Cell lines MYC

  RNAseq data set (Mollaoglu et al., MYC drives progression of small cell lung cancer to a variant neuroendocrine subtype with vulnerability to Aurora kinase inhibition) RNA isolation from primary tumors and healthy lungs was performed using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) with the standard protocol. RNA was subjected to library construction with the Illumina TruSeq Stranded mRNA Sample Preparation Kit (cat# RS-122-2101, RS-122-2102) according to manufacturer’s protocol. Chemically denatured sequencing libraries (25 pM) are applied to an Illumina HiSeq v4 single read flow cell using an Illumina cBot. Hybridized molecules were clonally amplified and annealed to sequencing primers with reagents from an Illumina HiSeq SR Cluster Kit v4-cBot (GD-401-4001). Following transfer of the flowcell to an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument (HCSv2.2.38 and RTA v1.18.61), a 50 cycle single-read sequence run was performed using HiSeq SBS Kit v4 sequencing reagents (FC-401-4002).

  Dataset EGAD00001003099

• Plasma cfDNA dsDNA and ssDNA shallow whole genome and exome sequencing data

  This dataset includes fastq files from sWGS and exome sequencing data derived from dsDNA and ssDNA libraries of plasma cfDNA samples extracted by a column- or bead-based DNA extraction method

  Dataset EGAD00001007019

• RNA-sequencing of primary urothelial bladder cancer samples

  Paired-end RNA-sequencing of tumour tissue samples (n=85) from primary urothelial bladder cancer patients. Sequencing was performed using either HiSeq (n=27) or NextSeq (n=58) Illumina platforms. Of the 85 samples, 78 are Non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and 7 are Muscle invasive (MIBC).

  Dataset EGAD00001007005

• Patient tumour data (RNAseq, WGBS, ChIPseq, WGS)

  Content: 60 GB patient tumours and 4 normal brain samples combined in pairs by region (x2=8 total input samples). RNAseq: 1 lane per sample, total strand-specific rRNA-depleted (normal samples were combined = 2 lanes/samples per brain region). WGBS: 2 lanes per sample (normal samples were combined = 2 lanes/samples per brain region). ChIPseq (histone mark): a subset of 20 GB samples were profiled. For the same modification were multiplexed and sequenced on 4 lanes each (H3K27ac, H3K4me1) or a single lane (all others). WGS: used as matching input control for the 20 ChIPseq samples. Data type and technology: RNA-seq: PE 100bp sequenced on HiSeq2000. WGBS: PE 100bp sequenced on HiSeq2000/4000. ChIPseq: SE 50bp sequenced on HiSeq2000/4000. WGS: PE 150bp sequenced on HiSeq X.

  Dataset EGAD00001005492

• Genetics of gene expression in human macrophage response to Salmonella

  Understanding how cells sense and respond to their environment, and how these responses are modulated by genetic variation, are fundamental biological problems, particularly for understanding how pathogenic organisms invade and manipulate the cells of the human immune system. Macrophages recognize and respond to many important human pathogens including HIV-1, Mycobacteria tuberculosis and Salmonella. This study will focus on the cellular response of human macrophages to Salmonella infection and how this response is modulated by the genetic bacground of the individual as well as additional pro-inflammatory stimulus (interferon-gamma priming). We will acquire 100 human induced pluripotent stem cell lines from the HipSci project, differentiate the cells in vitro into macrophages and expose them to four environmental conditions: (i) no stimulation, (ii) interferon-gamma (18h), (iii) Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 (5h), (iv) interferon-gamma (18h) + Salmonella (5h).Subsequently, we will isolate RNA from the samples for sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001003204

• Chromosome Segregation Errors Promote a Diverse Spectrum of Simple and Complex Genomic Rearrangements

  Cancer genomes are frequently characterized by numerical and structural karyotypic abnormalities. Here we combined an inducible centromere-specific inactivation approach with selection for a conditionally essential gene, a strategy we term ‘CEN-SELECT’, and show that single-chromosome missegregation during cell division can directly drive a broad spectrum of structural rearrangement types. Cytogenetic profiling revealed that missegregated chromosomes are 120-fold more susceptible to developing seven major categories of structural variants, including translocations, insertions, deletions, and reassembly into chromothriptically rearranged chromosomes. Whole-genome sequencing of clones with genetically propagatable derivative chromosomes identified complex rearrangements and copy-number alterations that can result in gene inactivation or extrachromosomal gene amplification. We conclude that chromosome segregation errors are sufficient to drive extensive structural variation that recapitulates those commonly associated with human cancers.

  Dataset EGAD00001004163

• Whole exome and targeted DNA sequencing data for formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue from de novo small cell prostatic carcinoma cases

  This dataset consists of 44 compressed paired fastq files, 15 of which are generated from whole exome sequencing, and 29 of which are generated from DNA sequencing using a targeted gene panel capturing the exonic regions of 73 prostate cancer driver genes. Targeted DNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq (v3 600 cycle kit), and exome sequencing was done using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 (v4 250 cycle kit) machine. The fastq files are named in accordance with the sample aliases provided, which reflect the pathology of interest to this study (small cell prostatic carcinoma--SCPC), whether it was sequenced using an exome or targeted gene panel, whether the FFPE sample was sourced from tumor or benign tissue (labeled T or B, respectively), and whether there exists multiple samples belonging to a single patient.

  Dataset EGAD00001004139

• Undifferentiated sarcomas develop through distinct evolutionary pathways

  Undifferentiated sarcomas (USARC) of adults are diverse, rare and aggressive soft tissue cancers. Recent efforts have confirmed that USARC exhibit one of the highest burdens of structural aberrations across human cancer. Here, we sought to unravel the genomic basis of this structural complexity by integrating whole genome sequencing, ploidy analysis and methylation profiling of 53 USARC. We identified whole genome doubling as a prevalent and pernicious force in USARC tumourigenesis. Deconvolution of the complex copy number and rearrangement landscapes show distinct signatures associated with chromothripsis, early-haploidy, and successive whole-genome-doubling events, suggesting four divergent models of sarcoma development. We show similar distinct evolutionary tumourigenic pathways in different sarcoma subtypes from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Thirteen percent of tumours exhibited a hypermutator phenotype, opening new avenues for clinical management such as immunotherapy, whilst the period prior to and between genome doubling events may represent clinically relevant interventional points in USARC.

  Dataset EGAD00001004162

• Transcriptome Analysis of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor-like Melanoma

  Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)-like melanoma is a rare malignancy with overlapping characteristics of both neural sarcoma and melanoma. The genomics of MPNST-like melanoma have not been previously described. In this study, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing analysis in 8 samples from 6 patients diagnosed with MPNST-like melanoma. In correlation with deletion ofxa0SERPINB4xa0in all our samples, there was noxa0SERPINB4xa0mRNA expression in our cohort, suggesting a potential tumor-suppressor role of SERPINB4 in MPNST-like melanomas.xa0HRAS, a gene uncommonly mutated in cutaneous melanomas, was mutated in 2 patients, but with no increased mRNA expression.xa0BRAFxa0mRNA expression, resultant from an atypicalxa0BRAFxa0mutation, was increased in association with an inactivatingxa0NF1xa0mutation. Our data demonstrate the role of alternative mechanisms of RAS pathway activation in MPNST-like melanomas and suggest the potential role of other molecular pathways in its carcinogenesis.

  Dataset EGAD00001007000

• Metabolic reprogramming towards OXPHOS identifies a novel therapeutic target for mantle cell lymphoma

  Metabolic reprogramming is linked to cancer cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in a multitude of cancers. Targeting dysregulated metabolic pathways to overcome resistance, an urgent clinical need in all relapsed/refractory cancers, remains difficult. Through genomics analysis of clinical specimens, we show that metabolic reprogramming towards oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glutaminolysis is associated with therapeutic resistance to the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable B-cell lymphoma with poor clinical outcomes. Inhibition of OXPHOS with a novel, clinically applicable small molecule, IACS-010759, which targets complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, results in significant growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo in ibrutinib-resistant patient-derived cancer models. This work suggests that targeting metabolic pathways to subvert therapeutic resistance is a clinically viable approach to treat highly refractory malignancies.

  Dataset EGAD00001004577

• Exome sequencing of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms

  Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive haematological malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Due to the rarity of BPDCNs our knowledge of their molecular pathogenesis was until recently confined to observations describing reccurent chromosomal deletions involving chromosomes 5q, 12p, 13q, 6q, 15q and 9. A recent publication went on to delineate the common deleted regions using aCGH and demonstrated that these centred around known tumour suppressor genes including CDKN2A/B (9p21.3), RB1 (12p13.2-14.3), CDKN1B (13q11-q12) and IKZF1 (7p12.2). These mutations are found recurrently in several different cancers and in most cases are thought to be involved in tumour progression rather than initiation. However, the well-defined nature and cellular ontogeny of these neoplasms suggests strongly that they share one or a few characteristic mutations as has been demonstrated for other uncommon but well-defined neoplasms such as Hairy Cell Leukemia (BRAF) and ovarian Granulosa Cell tumours (FOXL2).

  Dataset EGAD00001000406

• Multi-omics analysis defines core genomic alterationsin pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

  Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) are neural crest derived tumors with a very strong genetic component. We report the first integrated genomic portrayal of a large collection of PCC/PGL. SNP array analysis revealed distinct copy-number patterns associated with genetic background. Whole-exome sequencing showed a low mutation rate of 0.3 mutations per megabase, with few recurrent somatic mutations in genes not previously associated with PCC/PGL. DNA methylation arrays and miRNA sequencing identified DNA methylation changes and miRNA expression clusters strongly associated with mRNA expression profiling. Overexpression of the miRNA cluster 182/96/183 was specific of SDHB-mutated tumors and induced invasive traits, whereas silencing of the imprinted DLK1-MEG3 miRNA cluster appeared as a potential driver in a subgroup of sporadic tumors. Altogether, the complete genomic landscape of PCC/PGL is mainly driven by distinct germline and/or somatic mutations in susceptibility genes and reveals different molecular entities, characterized by a set of unique genomic alterations.

  Dataset EGAD00001000986

• A108757B

  Whole genome sequencing for single cells for library A108757B 1644 cells; filetype=bam

  Dataset EGAD00001007086

• Impact of mutational profiles on response of primary oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers to oestrogen deprivation

  Presurgical studies allow study of the relationship between mutations and response of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) but have been limited to small biopsies. Here in Phase I of this study, we perform exome sequencing on baseline, surgical core-cuts and blood from 60 patients (40 AI treated, 20 Controls). In poor responders (based on Ki67 change) we find significantly more somatic mutations than good responders. Subclones exclusive to baseline or surgical cores   occur in approximately 30% of tumours. In Phase II we combine targeted sequencing on another 28 treated patients with Phase I. We find six genes frequently mutated: PIK3CA, TP53, CDH1, MLL3, ABCA13 and FLG with 71% concordance between paired cores. TP53 mutations are associated with poor response. We conclude that multiple biopsies are essential for confident mutational profiling of ER+ breast cancer and TP53 mutations are associated with resistance to oestrogen deprivation therapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001002651

• Targeted bisulfite sequencing

  Raw reads from targeted bisulfite sequencing. The SureSelect Methyl-Seq target enrichment system (Agilent Technologies, Inc., CA, USA) was used to prepare bisulfite sequencing libraries from blood DNA samples of lymphoma patients (Ly1, Ly2), healthy family members (Ly8, Ly9, Ly10, Ly11, Ly12, Ly13 and Ly14), baseline controls (Control1-5), DNMT3A mutation carriers (Id5, Id7, Id9, Id11) and their age-matched controls (Id6, Id8, Id10, Id12). In addition, blood DNA sample of a patient (HLRCC_N7) with germline fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation is included. Illumina paired-end sequencing for targeted libraries from Ly1, Ly2, Ly8, Ly9, Ly10 and Ly11 was done at Karolinska Institutet using 100 base-pair read length and the HiSeq2000 platform. Illumina paired-end sequencing for targeted libraries from Ly12, Ly13, Ly14, and DNMT3A mutation carriers and their age-matched controls was done as a service at BGI (BGI Tech Solutions Co., Ltd., China) using 126 base-pair read length and the HiSeq2500 platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001004785

• RNA-seq profiling of NKX6.1 reporter iPSC lines for isolation and analysis of functionally relevant neuronal and pancreas populations

  We generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with a GFP reporter inserted in the endogenous NKX6.1 locus. Characterisation of the reporter lines demonstrated faithful GFP labelling of NKX6.1 expression during pancreas and motor neuron differentiation. We performed three independent in vitro differentiations towards the pancreatic endocrine lineage. We FACS-purified GFP positive and negative cells from stage 7 cultures, and generated Smart-Seq2 RNA-sequencing libraries for the pre-sorted cells, as well as the two GFP-sorted cell populations. Gene expression profiling by RNA-sequencing reveals that the NKX6.1-positive population closely resembles mature human beta cells and the functional evaluation of purified populations shows that the glucose-responsive beta-like cells are enriched within the NKX6.1-positive population. These reporter lines provide a valuable resource to the scientific community for the derivation of functional relevant pancreas and neuronal cell subtypes.

  Dataset EGAD00001003911

• Genetic profiling of mucosal melanoma

  Primary mucosal melanomas (MMs) arise from melanocytes located in mucosal membranes lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. MMs frequently present late and have a poor prognosis; the 5-year survival rate is only 14%. MM makes up only ~1.4% of all melanomas and it is this rarity that makes knowledge of the genetic changes that contribute to its pathogenesis limited to a small number of exome/genome studies and other targeted studies. Thus to investigate the somatic alterations and mutation spectra in MM genomes, we have extracted genomic DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human MMs, and subjected them to whole exome sequencing. Given the propensity of MM to metastasize, we will also be sequencing metastatic MM lesions; primary and metastatic lesions from the same individual represent an excellent opportunity to identify potential drivers of metastasis in MM. Finally we will sequence 'normal' DNA from the same individual, where possible, to exclude germline variations.

  Dataset EGAD00001003237

• Subclonal diversification of primary breast cancer

  Cancers are ecosystems of genetically related clones, competing across space and time for limited resources. To understand the clonal structure of primary breast cancer, we applied genome and targeted sequencing to 295 samples from 49 patients’ tumors. The extent of subclonal diversification varied considerably among patients and encompassed many spatial patterns, including local growth, intraductal dissemination and clonal intermixture. Landmarks of disease progression, such as acquiring invasive or metastatic potential, arose within detectable subclones of antecedent lesions, suggesting that subclonal mutations could be relevant if actionable. No defined temporal order of mutation was evident, with the commonest genes, including PIK3CA, TP53, BRCA2, PTEN and MYC, mutated early in some, late in others, often exhibiting parallel evolution across subclones. Signatures of homologous recombination deficiency correlated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, the interplay of mutation, growth and competition drives clonal structures of breast cancer that are complex, variable across patients and clinically relevant.

  Dataset EGAD00001000965

• Guardians of the genome: protecting DNA from endogenous sources of damage

  Mutational signatures are imprints of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic pathophysiological processes that have occurred through tumorigenesis. Experimental efforts to explore signature etiologies have produced a compendium of signatures of exogenous mutagens previously. Here, we unearth major sources of endogenous DNA damage and the genes that are critical to mitigating this innate stream of DNA damage under normal, physiological circumstances. We performed whole genome sequencing of 173 subclones of CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of 43 genes in a human induced pluripotent stem cell system, in the absence of any added DNA damage. We reveal substitution and indel signatures that arise from those genes which are essential guardians of the genome. By detailed dissection and comparisons to cancer-derived signatures, we demonstrate interminable sources of constitutive DNA damage, and some mechanistic knowledge into how guardian genes preserve the genome. Based on these experimental insights, we develop and benchmark a tool for clinical classification of tumor samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001006055

• Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are comprised of three epigenetic subgroups with distinct enhancer landscapes

  Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is one of the most common brain tumors in infants and young children. Although the prognosis of ATRT patients is poor, some patients respond very well to current treatments, suggesting inter-tumor molecular heterogeneity. To investigate this further, we genetically and epigenetically analyzed a large cohort of ATRTs (n = 170). Three distinct molecular subgroups of ATRTs, associated with differences in demographics, tumor location and type of SMARCB1 alterations, were identified using DNA-methylation or gene expression analyses. Whole genome DNA- and RNA-sequencing found no other recurrent mutations explaining the differences between subgroups. However, whole genome bisulfite-sequencing and H3K27Ac ChIP-sequencing of primary tumors revealed clear differences in methylation patterns and enhancer landscapes, leading to the identification of subgroup-specific regulatory networks.

  Dataset EGAD00001001444

• Assessment of genetic and epigenetic variation in human IPS cells-RNA

  In order to progress human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) towards the clinic, several outstanding questions must be addressed. It is possible to reprogram different somatic cell types into hiPSCs and from studies in the mouse, it appears that an epigenetic memory of the starting cell type is carried over to hiPSCs. However a comprehensive comparative study of the characteristics of these hiPSCs has been missing from the literature. Importantly studies which aimed to address these aspects of hiPSCs have used cells from different patients. In order to avoid this important confounding variable and to keep the genetic background constant, tissue samples were procured from the patients and reprogrammed to iPS cells. The transcriptomes of these iPS cells will be compared. Protocol: primary cultures of cells were reprogrammed to iPS cells. RNA was extracted using a standard column extraction kit.

  Dataset EGAD00001000604